CHRO N O L O GICA L TABLE S

A S YN C H RO N IS T IC A RRA N GEMEN T O F

T H E EVEN T S . O F

I ORY A N CIE N T H ST .

RE V R A T H R . JE I . U 0 N N N S G ,

’ RE C T KI N G S S T NL E GL E S T E R H RE O R O F A Y , O UC S I , “ ” “ A UT HO R O F C O MME NT A R O N T H E PS L MS E C C L E S N G L C N A Y A , IA A I A A, “ MA N A O F H R H H ST O R E T C . U L C U C I Y,

lo uho n

MA C MI L L A N A N D 0 0 .

A N D N E W YORK .

1 888

[T he Rig h t of T ra ns la tio n is res erved ] Qtamht ibgc

P N D BY . L M A D S R T E C J C A . A N O N I . Y, . S ,

A T H E U N E S E T IV R IT Y PR SS .

5 ” W 4 x} , FA E PRE C .

N th is work A n c ien t His to ry is dea lt with in the fo rm o f a

h l i l m diu m i fro m th e rec e ed da te c rono og ca co pen , rang ng iv o d ti o f Ro m to th a t o f th e B h f h r s f th e Fou n a on e irt o C i t.

T h e o ec t is to e th e rea der a s n o t c ew a n d so bl bj giv y p i vi , ena e h im to correct th e narrowing tendencies o f a stu dy o f A n c ien t

n T h u s th e a id o f h r H isto ry in iso l a te d bra c h es . by C o n o — logical T ab les I IV th e classical s tu den t m a y see a t a glance wh a t po litic a l e v en ts in Pa lestin e o r th e Ea s tern m o n a rc h ies s h iz w h th o s o f G a n d Ro m a n H s r In ync ron ed it e reek i to y .

T a es V VI h e m a see wh a t s ta e ea c h c o u n tr h a d reac h ed bl , y g y a t a n iv er o d in res e c t to sc en c e e s a t o n a n d y g en p i p i , l gi l i

' t ra tu re xa c tn ess o f a te fo r th u r i a r li e . E d ese p po se s s n o t n ec ess y a n d is c erta n u n a ta e d n n n t i ly t in a bl . Every epa r tm e t o f a c ie

C h ro n o o h a s d ffic u t es o f its o w n wh c h re m a n to b e l gy i l i , i i d ea t w th s ec a sts a n d u n t we a ro a c h th e C h r s ia n l i by p i li , il pp i t era a n yth in g b u t a ppro x i m a te v erific a tio n is a t prese n t im

o ss e in erh a s th e m a o r t o f c as es We h a e th o u h p ibl p p j i y . v g t it best to a dh ere in th e m a in to th e by n o m ea n s u n ex c ep tio n a ble sc h em es o f C h ro n o l o gy whic h h a v e a s su m ed a s tereo ty pe d fo rm in o u r Dic tio n a ries o f Da te s a n d po pu l a r e d u c a tio n a l

k W r wo r s . h e e a n e v en t is qu ite m yth ic a l o r c a n n o t e v en b e a ppro x im a tely da ted w e h a v e u su a lly a dd ed th e m a rk

T I N A BBREVIA O S .

— c o n qs con uers — q const co nsula r — c ontem p c o n tem po m ry — C o — a b tr a bout m Cornelius — — Ami d Acad em ic conne council — — ac c . ac o ed es or a ccession of d died — — a d m in is ts a dm in isters draugh t da ug h te r — — a d m td adm itted Dec Decius o r Dec i m us m (Hts—d e ea — i f ts . 2Em liu s — m i l d isc vs discovers — ’ — E n rE n eid d o m d om inion - — c wta te d ra m a d ra m a tist — — n fterw a rterwa rd s Earth q ea rth qua ke — — Afric Africa nus li m p E m peror or E m p i re — — a gst aga inst en tra n c h d e nfra nch ised — — Alex Alexan er or Alexa n ria E ph es n Eph es ia n s d d — E pic u r E p icurea n — — A n t Anto ni u s c sta b s esta b lish es — — A pp App ius exe cs e xecutes

— m n ppm a ppoints e xh ibd exh ib ited — — a m b it a rc h itect expd expelle — d Am en- Arm enia Fa b Fab i u s — Asia M. Asia Minor — — A ss Assyria gen general — as su red a ssa ssina ted m m eo gm ph er — — “ tron a s tronom er Gks Greeks — — Aurel Aurelius go v r go v em o r — B b attle grove- governs — — b bo m (Sir G reece — — Ba b Ba bylon gra m m gn m m a rum

— ’ betw — m n d f g randfa th er between — b tw grands g randso n — — b io gra ph b iogra ph e r Gt the G rea t — — Bith yn Bithyn ia h f h im self — — b k book H ist h isto ry Ca Ip- C alp u m iu s — — H igh Priest Ga rth C a rth ag e fl:g est} — C ass C a ssius h u sb m h u sban d — c f confer or com pa re im prisd - i m p risoned — — C h ron C h ro nicler or C h ronicles in d ep independent inso r — — Inscription Gla n d C la udius inscript — C n O nc i n s in std - institute — — d c o m poet co m ic poet in tro d d intro duced — c o n in vs inva es —consul d co n } — e in va sn in m io n A BBRE IA T I S viii V ON .

f — — i n es inven ts pont pontifex — — I ta l Ita ly Prac t Praefect — — Ita ln Ita lia n p ro c o n s p roconsul — — Ju n Junius p ro h ibd p roh ib ited — — j u n junior p ro sec d prosecuted — — j u risp r ju risp ru d en cc p rov provin ce — — K King p ro v in c l p rovinci a l — — kd killed Pto l Ptolem y — — Kam Kingdo m Publ Publius — — ks kills pu b ld pub lish ed — — L a t La tin Pu b lil Pu b liliu s — — lexic og r lexicog ra ph er Q Q ueen — — L icin Licinius reb u ildg reb u ild in g — — Lu c a i n s repu b l repub lic — — m m a rri ed resta restored — — Maced Ma cedoni a rh et rh eto ricia n — — M agn Magnus Ro m Rom an — — Ma n l Ma nlius S eip Scipio — — Ma th em m a th em a ticia n sculp t sculp tor — —“ Max Maxim us seq a n d following yea rs — — m ech a n m ech a nici a n Sew Servius — — m ed m ed icu s S ervil Serviliu s — — m erid m eridian S ext S extus — — Met Metellus Sp Spurius S u lp — m m a ” Sulp icius fillE S u lp ic — — m th s m onth s Syr Syria — - m ph neph ew Syn c Syra cuse — — n r n ea r th em e th em selves — — oliga rch l oliga rc h ica l trag trag edy — — O lym p olym p ia ds tra n sc r tra nscribes — transfd transferred — — Farth Pa rth i a tra n spts tra nsports — — Perga m Pergam u s trib tribune — v versus — Va l Valerius WIT- wh ich — yr~ yea r

- O T E . T h e s o n d o u h t c o u s in etc a e th e ela h to th e las m e i e N words , g , , indic t r tions i p t nt on d — a h e ve e e . . 727 A ss . S h alm a e IV. K 2 o n m ea th a t h e e w s t so r ign, g n ser 7 1 s ns t is sov r ign

i c ide 45 . so n of T gla th Pileser I I. 7

l e H a a e 2 08 2 H a e 2 0 8 A bra m leav s r n (Pool , l s 7 ) Birth of Isa a c (Poole 2 05 7) Birth of Ja cob (Poole 1 997 )

’ Ja cob s fam ily settle in E gypt (Poole 1 864) 1 7 0 6

Bi M e e 1 32 H a e 1 2 8 rth of os s (Pool 7 , l s 7 )

a e E e 1 65 2 H a e 1 648 D t of xodus (Pool , l s ) ea M e e 1 61 2 H a e 1 608 D th of os s (Pool , l s ) Dea th of Joshua (Poole 1 5 99) First Servitude (Pool e 1 5 67)

' ’ e n d e im e Ju d es —E i ea h an d e h w h e Servitud s a r g of g . l s d t ov rt ro of t a a e 1 1 37 H a e 1 1 48 S nctu ry (Pool , l s ) a a c e e 1 0 7 H a e 1 1 1 0 S ul (Pool 9 , l s )

a c e e 105 H a s 10 Da vid (Pool 7 , le 70) m a c e e 1 01 H a e 1 030 Solo on (Pool 7 , l s ) ’ m em e e e 1 01 3 H a e 1 02 Solo on s T pl found d (Pool , l s 7) 2 — Schism of Kingdom s I sra elJeroboam K 95 4son of Neba t ; two golden

’ 1 T h e e ill em em b e h a h ea l a o f S a lh Mr P le em stud nt w r r t t in t is r y p rt criptur istory, oo s syst of h l fa r e e a b l to h a h b s h e We h a ve h e e ll ed th e u a lc o e c rono ogy is p r f r e t t of Arc p U s r. ow v r fo ow su urs in g iving th e m ore consp icuou s pla ce to th e la tter. “ 2 M r S Sh a e C h l th e b l a e th e S h m 936 a n d n o t a h . rp ( rono ogy of B i e d t s c is is in ccord wit h e h l llth e o f a ea h e ea to e a e m th e ot r c rono og ists ti e r ign A h z . T h ere a p p rs ow ver no r son d vi t fro

em Po le C l a n d W e wh o a ee h U h e in d a th e S hi m a 975 , a n d syst s of o , inton, in r, gr wit ss r ting c s circ J a h differ b u t little in th e da tes of th e following kings of Israela n d ud . GEN ERA L H IS T O RY ‘

7 5 3 . E F RE B C . B O .

E gyp t T h in ite dyna sty I of Ma neth o Mem phite do III T h in ite do 1 1 Mem ph ite do Iv E leph an tin ite do v ’ h in a lst im e ia a F o h i s C p r l dyn sty, E gyp t Mem phite dyna sty v 1 : H era cleopolite do 1 x : Dio spo lite do in i s o o lite x r1 : Xo ite x iv h e h e xv r D o p p do do S p rds do xv , I nd ia Veda s a n d Pura n a s writte n E gyp t Dio spo lite dyna sty x m : Irruption of Sh epherds Greece L egenda ry reign of Inachus P hoen icia n republics founded

E Mem h i e as ie e h e xvu gyp t p t dyn t s VII, VIII Sh p rds do Ch in a 2 n d im peria l dyna sty E gyp t H era cl eopolite dyn a sty x Dio spo lite do xv ur : A m o sis expels Shepherds : E gypt hen ceforth a single centra lized m onarchy G reece In s tn of A m ph ic tyo nio Coun cil ? In s tn of Pa n a th en a io Gam es In s tn of Isth m ia n G am es E gyp t Dyna sty xrx (Ra m eses Grea t H a ll of Karn ae : Ca n al from to Red Sea A ssyria c o n qs Ba bylon E gyp t Dyna sty xx (com m only n a m edtha tOf Ba rneses ) Greece Siege of T roy begin s A ssyria T igla th Pileser 1 Greece Doria ns con quer Peloponn esus Bia rch y a t Spa rta E gyp t Ta nite dyna sty xx x Greece Codrus la st K of A thens (1 Cum as founded A m phictyon ic Council rem odelled E gyp t Dyn a sty x xrr

We h a e a ibe in h i e th e a e a ll i e i i n a es a n d k o f e e e e v tr nscr d t s s ction d t s usu y g v n ind ct o ri wor s r f r nc , h e ia e only devia ting in th e ca se o f Assyria . T Assyr n da t s th roug h out th e wh ole work are ta ken

m Ra l . It ro b a b le h a h th e e e h c a se few th e a e e a b e fro w inson is p t t , wit xc ption of t is , of d t s g iv n ov

a n e en eve a m a a u a We m a k h a h se h h a lea ela b le . c pr t d to n pp roxi te c c r cy. r wit t o w ic re st r i E WIS H H I T RY J S O .

Uss h er a e th e a a en e : Ju a h Re am K —5 8 o n f c lv s , lt r d ounc d d hobo 9 s o Solom on ; in va sn of Sh ish ah K of E gypt — J u da h A bij a h K 95 5 so n (dfts Isra el a t Z em a ra im ) A sa K so n ; d fts Z erah K of E th iopia a t Ma resha h : Religion restored * A z a ria h Prophet — I s ra elN a da b K 95 4so n — Ba a sha K 930 — E lah K 92 9 so n — Zim ri K 92 9 destroys fa m ily of Ba a sh a — Om ri K 9 18 foun ds city of S am a ria : T ibni pretender * A a K— 8 98 so n m e eb e ; E li a h e : ea e h b , J z l j h Prop t L gu of two Kingdom s 1) Syria B of Ra m oth Gilea d — * J u da h Jehosh a ph a t K 892 s o n : People instructed in th e L a w : Jeh u son M a b A m m et i H a n a i e c . n v a ee i of n , Proph t o , on , Jud h Fl t bu lt

— - I s ra elA ha zia h K 8 96 s o n — ’ * Jehoram K 884 bro th er : E lij a h s tra nsla tion : E lish a Proph et Moab ite Wa r ; Cure of Na a m a n : Syria n i n va sn J u a h e a m K - 885 s o n on A a iah d a u h t A a h is b h e d J hor , th l g of h b ; ks rot rs enforces idola try — A h a zia h K 884so n ; sla in by Jeh u a t Megiddo — A th a lia h Q 8 78 m oth er ; Roya l fa m ily is deposed by Jeh o ia da H Priest — I s ra elJehu K 8 5 6 destroys line of A h ab a n d priests of Baa l : E ncroa ch m en t of Syria 8 8 4

h o a sh K— 8 39 a n s n e e T em e a n d en e T em e ta x J ud a h Je gr d o ; r stor s pl , r ws pl ; a posta tiz es h a s Z echa riah H Priest stoned : H a za el K of Syria ra va ges Judaea — I sra elJeh o a h a z K 8 41 so n ; bec om es a prey to Syria — Jehoa sh K 82 5 so n : E lisha d : Syria thrice dftd : A m a ziah d ftd a t Bethshem esh : Jeru sa lem plundered

h a ia K—8 10 s o n : war 1) E m i e I ae i e trO O s : e a J u da A m z h do , h r of sr l t p P tr E m i e a 1) eh o a sh is dftd 8 3 9 t a ken : do t gods w rs J , b a m 1 1 K— 784so n in e rian wa r a e H a m a a n d I sra elJero o ; cont u s Sy , t k s th " " " m a : a A m H ea h e Da scus Jon h , os , os prop ts h U ia A a ia K— 75 8 so n dfts E m i i ia etc e a i eru Ju da zz h [ z r h] ; do , Ph l st , r p rs J sa lem burns i ncense is sm itten with leprosy 8 1 0

— I s ra elInterregnum 773 — Z a cha ria h K 772 — Sh a llum K 772

— - Menah em K 7 61 takes T iphsa h : Pul K of A ssyria im poses poll tax — Peka hia h K 75 9 so n — Peka h K 7 40 — J u da h Joth am K 742 L H I T RY X lll GE NE RA S O .

? Suppo se d birth of H om er

Greece ? Supposed da te of Hesiod

A ssyria Iva -lush III

a a a a a u c o n s A m en Meso o t S r etc i A ssyri S rd n p l s ; q r , p , y , ; bu lds

Greece Lycurgus legisla tes for Spa rta

G reece Reviva l of Olym pic gam es a t E lis 8 8 4

A ssyria Sh alm a n ezer 1 1

C a rtha ge foun ded u n der Pygm a lion 8 5 0

8 3 0

A ssyria Sha m a r -Iv a

Iva - xv ta e am a e u c e am a ia i i ia E m lush ; k s D scus ; r d s S r , Ph l st , do C hina an d I n dia Politic a l In stn s esta bd A ssyria Sha lm an ezer m

A ssyria A sshur -dan in -ilI

E gyp t Dyn a sty xxxv un der K Bo c c h o ris : S a is sea t of E m pire E RRA T A .

“ “ “ 7 5 3 ea I s a el8 th 7ih a n d J u d a h 6th n o t 5 th r d r not , 399 read Dia lo gues o f Pla to in 388 not 399 ’ " 388 rea d Aristo ph a nes Plutus in 408 not 388 ” 37 6 rea d ac t not es t in colum n 5 " 339 rea d Phocion not Phocia n in colum n 3 280 era se Pa m ph ilu s a n d from co lum n 5 — ” 2 2 6 7 rea d Cleo m en es III not I I in colu m n 3 “ ” 108 rea d ZEm n o t Aurel in colum n 3

— B. 0 . 75 3 734

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V B C . . r ro a r ME N T s C T ST O PH E H s . , A A R S .

s A - K— 45 Is a el8 r e ah A s sshur Lush 7 r th y of K P k . n Ro m e Ju a h 5 h r o la st of his dy a sty. d t y of K J n e b R m ul : 75 2 I aia e c ir 5 8 fou d d y o us , s h Proph t 7

75 1 , 747 I 697 .

Gr A then ian A rchonship m a e e e ia il im i d d c nn l , st l l t ed am i Me n to f ly of do .

“ Cir Ma i im e a c en an Cir Mi a th e M a i e Rom e Ra e a in e r t s d cy of c h or sth t , p of S b ' — - - 4 Mi 33 . e 2 0 c ir in s wa r letus 7 Proph t 7 . g ; 7 7 .

7 48 Gr E ra of su prem a cy of

7 47 B a b Na bon a ssa r K (1 9 1: in Ro me War with S abin es en d ’ - m e e h e in . Pto lem y s lis t) 733 . Ro d by t Sa b e League joint rule of Rom ulus an d Ta tius .

A ss T igla th Pileser II K I sra el c ir 1 st in va sion of ’ i Ba c l n 72 7 . Gr Ol ga rchy of Tig ath Pileser . c h ia dae with a n n ua l Pry h tanis a t Corin t . 7 44 C app a do cia n Kdm fou n ded by Ph a rn a c es. Gr 1 st Me enian war ss , Spar a v Messen ia—724 — t Rom e Rom ulu s sole K Ju da h A ha z K 726 so n . 7 1 6 legen da ry c o n stitu In roads of Pek a h a n d Re h lim i e in i i tion a m ona rc y t d z . Prophec es of Isa ah a i ian e a e an d vn — xx by p tr c S n t . C o m itia Cu ria ta . Ju da h A h a z seeks aid of l T igla th Pi es er 1 1 . ’ I sra elc ir T igla th Pileser s A ssyria n in va sion of Syria 2 n a in a i n e a i an d a e in e e ru i n v s o ; d port t on P l st , d st ct o of in h ab ita nts . Peka h of Da m a scu s 732 or 730? m urdered by H oshea supposed in terreg — h u m 730.

Ju da h c ir A ha z goes to Da ’ m as c u s a s T igla th Pileser s va ssa l . Ju da h c ir In trodu ction of Syria n alta r a t Jerusalem .

A sia M Naval Suprem a cy of * n es Ca ria . C a da u l K of ia—72 4 a H e a Lyd , l st of r

5 . c lidae, or 7 7 Gr c ir Upgrowth of in de pendent Gk colonies in T ra e I a i i h c , t ly, S c ly

( 2 ) — 75 3 734:

" ’ Ca tan ia coloniz ed from C a rtha gin ia n sea tra ffic Cir A n tim a chus of T eos " h a i 7307 E a i e e d m en i ia an d A ia am G k C lc s , gyp t S s xt n s fro Pho c to s s of S os

h ris x xrvth i n . un der Bo c c o ( A lb o p oets . Rom e Legen da ry n a c ir 4— 30 b e en a e 1 00 dy sty 77 7 ) S t of m em bers . com es th e sea t of em pire. Gr a ls t e e ia Gr th m Iu a u Ch rops d c nn l 7 Oly p. t of i Olym p c crown .

Rhegium foun ded by Cha l

c idian s . Gr eit Phido n in tro ds coin ed Gr Ph ido n tyra n t of A rgos m ne wei ht an d mea e i e at 8 m i o y, g s pr s d s th Oly p c m ga es . Ba b K Nabon a ssar (sup

A ss Tigla th Pileser 11 pro A ss c ir Palac e a t Ca lah bu ilt ’ il i n ba bly a us urper : wa rred in T igla th P eser s re g . a Ba ia Me ia A r gst bylon , d ,

i ia a e in e . m en a , S . Syr , P l st Gr Phidc n K of A rgos d ' lst Gk tyra n t . l c h r s th e Mes en ian Po y a e , s , v a c a u ses war Sp rta . Rom e Observa tion of s c a la r Rome Su ppo sed In stn of 3

ea 360 a . T i e 80 C u riae en a e y r of d ys r b s , , S t of 200 m em e s a an d b r , P trons

Gr Poem o n Bea by E u b u lus in of Co r th .

A risto dem u s th e Mes sen ia n u r ks his da ghte .

— Gr c ir 7 1 2 Poetry

lin us of E phesus . Na xos c olon iz ed by Ion ian s un der T h eu c les

se foun ded by A rc h

( 3 ) — a c . 733 714

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V

rsT O RY ME T S C T ST O PH E . H . N , A A R S

— 7 3 3 B a b Na diu s K 731 .

B a b Chin zin us K—731 : Po Ju d a h Gen era l preva len — K 2 h i . ru s 7 6 . of hea th en wors p — Isra elHoshea K 72 1 la st E gyp t KBo c c h o ris [Peh o r 7] e e a n d a e a i K of Israel. d pos d ro st d l ve by Seba co . Gr B o fIth o m e E u h a es Mes , p K of senien e killed .

I sra elH oshea tribu ta ry to

K of A ssyria .

A ss Sh alm an eser Iv K—72 1

— — B a b Elulasu s K 2 1 J u da h H ezekiah K 69 son . a a n s deftd b Me e 7 . 7 Sp rt y ss

n ian s un derKA risto dem u s . Isra elLeagu e with E gypt refusalof A ssyria n tribute J u da h H ezekiah purges - T em e an d re open s pl .

Gr A c en an a a I s ae l A ia n i a i n a a n s e o I m e s d cy of Sp rt r ssyr nv s o , Sp rt d str y tho , e Ju da h estabd by 1 st Messeni a n S am a ria besieg d . redu c e Messen ia .

W r L ia G e ls t o K o f E . a . yd yg s of in va ded by S gypt th M rm n a aa — e e d K 686, - H erod : 71 6 678 .

J ud a h c ir Hezekia h ah n es es Philistine cities A ss a e o f n a Is a el a m a ia a e an a n e u a es an d t e Ch ng dy sty, r S r t k n L d S rgo d pop l t - a n K 2 Ba b Ma r its in a i an . N ale in e 0 e e e . . S rgo 7 . sw pt of h b t ts p opl s P st d o c em alu s Me N DO M ND S p [ roda ch KI G E . a K— 0 Ba l dan ] 7 9 .

' J u da h c ir refuses A ssyria n C ir Sargon in va des Ph ih stia

i e m ea e wi A ss I n sc r. Be ie e T e tr but , for s l gu th s g s yr ’ E H e e ia s ea u c e u l 5 rs gypt . z k h gr t nsu c ssf l y for y Pa ssover .

R m e In e re n um — 1 5 o t r g 7 .

; Rom e Num a Pom pilius K Sargon a dvan ces o n Egypt - - 672 [676 so n in la w of A ss I ns c r. a i T t us .

Gr A then ian A rchonship en thrown op to alln obles .

— B. 0 . 713 693

W S PO P L MOVE AR , U AR

H rsro a r ME T S C T ST O PH E S . . N , A A R

’ C ir H ezekiah s da ngerous b I ia 1 illn ess cured y sa h . Sargon ta kes A shdod A ss I nso r . Cir K Meroda ch -Ba la dan visits H ezekia h an d is s th e ea ure hewn roya l tr s .

— Ba b Arc ean u s K 704vice Sargon defea ts an d c

ro y of Bargon .

a ry revolt of

Gr c ir In crea se of power of a a n E Me ia S p rt phors . d eio c es K- 5 Reign of D 65 , 1 — 5 H ero d : 7 0 6 7 . Gr Con spirac y of Spa rtan H elots an d Parth en iw

trated .

— A ss Sen n a cherib K 680 — 7 0 4 B a b In terregn u m 702 when Ma rdo c em palu s is m a a in K for 6 on hs . g — t E gyp t Sa ba o o n K 690.

B a b Mard o o em pa lu s de Senn ac h eribd epo ses Mardo e b e a h e ib c em alu s a e thron d y S nn c r p , t k s Belib u s an A s ian K a i e m th e i is syr , c pt v s fro T gr

6 an d E ra e A ss I n s or . 99 . uph t s

7 0 0 M a e c ir e en a en n a e i e a e i a in E c d L g d ry S ch r b S nn ch r b w rs gypt, a i m ar e c e i ie u a an d a e 46 e i d t on of on chy f n d c t s of J d h t k s J w sh towns,

Perdic c as n e H e e ia A ss I ns o . I. fi s z k h r

Ba b A ssaran a diu s K—693 e i so n of S enn ac h r b . Cir en n ac e i ea en en n e i in a e in e S h r b thr t s S ac h r b S P l st , em m a h i lu sium b e e Jeru s al fro L c sh , besieges Pe ; for A ssyrian s sm itten Tirha ka h c an relieve it

an e th e . h is a m is o e wn g l of Lord r y v rthro , cf Jo s a n d H erod . i Su Sen n a ch erib wa rs w t—h sia n a an d Babylonia 695

A ss In so r.

Ba b Regib elu s K—692 pro

ba bly A ssyrian Viceroy.

' ’ l F o r th e c h ro xi o lo o ezekia h n w n b D H ln s S ee gy f H s reig e ad o pt th e em e da tio n suggested y r ck . ' S mi h s Di B t et. 0/ ible. ( 6 ) 4— s o . 713 693

Som e kin d of su n -dia l in

Media Th e fam ous walls of E cba ta n a built in th e reign of Deio c es H erod .

Th e Loc ri Epiz eph yrii

Sen n ac h erib a c e th e m o s t Pala c e a t Nineveh bu ilt in

Gr c ir Th e ele gy an d cla s si 7 0 0 c a lI a mbic in tro dd by A r c h ilo c h u s a h o of P ros, w w i e sa ires r t s t .

6 9 6 6 9 5 6 9 4 Gr c ir I/yric p oetry of Si 6 9 3 m o n ides of A m orgos . 692— 669

W S POP L MO E AR , U AR V E ME NT S, CAT AST ROPH S.

B a b Mesesim o rdac u s K—688

proba bly A ssyrian Viceroy. Cir Foreign religions in tro dd : defilem en t of T em ple : legen dary m a rtyrdom

Ba b In terregn u m —a n arc hy an d disturban c e 680.

L ia Ar K—637 sou yd dys , — 2 H erod : 678 6 9 . 2n Me en ian war Gr d ss , ar M senia —668 Sp ta v es .

Gr Th e nin e an n ua l A r n a t A e ule cho s th ns , r of ac - 5 4 aristocr y 9 .

Gr A rca dian repu bl su c

Gr A risto m en es th e Messe B a b u n e E a n ia e i th e a an 667 son . d r s r n r s sts Sp rt s — at Ira 1 1 r s . H addon K of A ss 667 . for y

Gr c ir Dyn asty of despots Cir Ju daaa overru n by E sar at S i n e u n b s H a Man a se ta cyo b g y Orth ddon , K s h

ken Ba . gora s . to bylon Relea se an d restora tion of Ma na sseh wh o reestab lish es religion : 660 ? E lia kim his chief min ister . E dom ites c on qu ered by - n E sar H addo .

r L esbos Nava l su p em a cy. ' Rom e Tullus H o stih u s K —640 ea en la e , gr tly rg d Ro m a n territory : 676 ? — 0 Rom e war v A lba 67 . Legen da ry B of H ora tii an d Curia tii. E gyp t successfully in vaded - n Gr by K E sa r H a ddo . A rgives defeat Spartan s at E ysies . — B. 0. 692 669

m a e sea t of e pire. Z ncl c olon ized from C u m ee 660 Ge a m e , l fro Rho d s

Cir Tarsu s foun ded by Sen

Gr E rixia s d la st of dec en ia n l a rc hons of A thens . " A risto m en es th e Mes se n ia n genera l : legen ds of

lst of A thenian

Cyzic us restored by Mega W S P O P L R Mo v n AR , U A j

ME T S C T ST PH E S . N , A A RO

Gr Spa rta keeps th e Mes Gr 2n d Messen ian Wa r en ds sen ian s in servitu de till in subju ga tion of Messe

369 .

A ss c ir A ssh u rb a n ipal[Sa r da n a l s — pa u ] K 647 s on . — — B a b S a o sdu c h in u s K 647 665 . n - so of E sar H addon .

E gyp t divided in to 1 2 n om es E gyp t c on qu ered by A s b A ia : Ne a e ia R me Re o f y ssyr cho f th r syr . o volt Ps am a h i n d ii of tik o n e of t e F den as a Ve . e vic roys . E gyp t c ir Psa m a tik r as Gr Sea -figh t of Corin thian s i s R e so c a ted with Necho (in v C o rc yrean . om e D e e ir 32 i d pend nt c 6 ) re gn s stru ction of A lba . — E gypt 61 0 dyn a sty Rome Ai an in c r a e b s o por t d.

Gr Phigalia taken by Spar a t ns .

Gr Cypselus overthrows th e O liga rchy n a e founds dy sty of d spots , i s — 81 wh ch la st 5 .

Media Reign of Phra o rtes Media Legen dary defea t o f th e e K Deio c e b s ria t Ra conqu rorof Pers—ia s y A s y a 33 s a u . 6 o rz, H ero d : ? 65 7 635 . g

Gr Rise of th e T yra n ts in Cir Burnin g of th e T em ple e e a Gk i e — 5 00 Nin e e a t E e us b th e r C im s v r l c ti s . v h . ph s y

m erian s.

A ss A ssh u rem idilin [Sara K— cus] 625 so n . Ba b C in n ela da n u s A ssyrian K A ss A en a vin mo rts of gr g,

of Tha le

O f m n i Gy o paed a at Sparta .

‘ Gr Zaleu c u s th e Loc rian

long j ea lously R m e 3 T i e 30 o r b s , cu riae, 3 00 hou ses .

‘ c olonized by Me Gr A risto xen us poet .

E pim enides seer b a t Crete.

' Gr c ir Lesc b es m in o r epic

' ’ i ac us Mi en ls - - P tt of tyl e b. t da te in Se m a tsi en S H is o t f C hina .

Cypselu s in Doric order of a re

Him era c o lonized from Gr Th e horse rac e an d

h t e gam es .

C asm en aa foun ded by Sy

( 11 ) — B . 0. 643 620

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V

H STO . E T T S T PH S I RY M N S , C A A RO E .

A m K— 4 n on 6 0 so , con tinned idol-worsh ip : wa s i e b i a k ll d y consp r tors . ‘ 6 41 Ro m e A n c s in s a s — 6 40 u Mart gr nd Josiah K 609 son set 8 . — N m K 1 6 i e of u a 6 , ncor po ra ted th e La tin cities

rise of th e Plebs .

6 3 9 6 3 8 — 6 8 7 Lydia Sa dyattes —K 625 so n H e 62 9 61 7 . , rod ;

Risin g o f Medes agst A s i Ph r o rtes syr a . a a tta cks Ni e d f kd n veh, is e td an d — 638 . 6 3 8 Media C yaxares K - 5 93 H e e ME D N ( rod), found rof IA — E MPI RE 635 5 95

6 8 2 E gyp t c ir Psam a tik r in de" Medi a in va ded by — e e K 610. a e h e in a e E p nd nt L t r t y v d gypt , a re h O ff a n d d e boug t ,

d in i i i H e d . stro ye Ph l st a . ro — 6 8 -1 Cyren e m on archy estab d Lydia n war if Miletus 6 2O 43 e Ba a i 0. und r ttus , l sts t ll 6 8 0 Gr c ir Overth row o f th e E gyp t Psam atik takes O liga rch y a tMegara byTh e A s h do d after a 29 yrs e — e a g nes (despot c ir Sieg . Josiah — 4 a e etc 62 . pl c s , groves,

6 2 7 Gr Perian der despot a t 2 n d Median a ttac k o n Nin e C O I’ lDth — 8 5 e 5 a v h e 6 2 6 Gr Proclu s despot at E pis

da uru s .

6 2 5 A ss E MP RE E NDS i i e A ss e c i n Nin e e I , d v d d D stru t o of v h b etw Medes a n d Ba bylo byMedes an dBabylo n ia n s . n i n s L ia A l e a . yd ya tt s K - — 5 68 6 1 7 5 60. 6 2 4 Gr A th enian s a c c ept th e e i a i n a l g sl t o of Dr co .

em e re o e B T pl st r d . ook of th e L aw discovered . Jo sia h renews th e Covenan t a n d celebra te s th e Pa ss " H a e . over . u ld h Proph tess

— B. C . 619 601 .

JE WISH C H URCH

HIST O RY.

Priso n s K of Sen a te an e n u i d equ strian c e t r es .

6 1 4 6 1 8 ’ 6 1 2 Gr Cylo n s va in revolt Gr Th e exec u tion of agst th e E u pa trids a t

6 1 1 — 6 1 0 E c ir a a C ir Pr ec ies an d i ic a Gr air 5 98 Con es betw g—yp t Ph r oh oph pol t l t t K ir . i e em ia A en a n d Me a a fo r 5 94c son ora t ons of J r h . th s g r i n a po ssess o of S lam is .

Josiah killed a t B of Megid E gyp t Necho invades Ba b h o ah a z 3 m E m m a e h do . Je K onths p , rch s t rough

s e se b Ne . a e i e e ea ia on , d po d y cho P l st n , d f ts K Jos h — a t Me i iakim K 5 98 brother . g ddo .

6 0 8 E gyp t c irNecho redu c es W provin ces of Ba b E mp Gr War in B e ia 605 . o ot ti n of A thens v My le e.

C H a ak e . e ian e m e ia e b etw ir b ku k proph t P r d r d t s , M i en e A thens an d yt l . ~ A fter B of Ca rchem ish N e Ba b E gyptian s defea ted a t b u c h ad n ezz a r takes Jeru Ca rchem ish by Neb u c h ad

sa em ein a e eh o ia n ezzar . l , r st t s J kim a e a ie H an a , t k s D n l, n ia etc Ba b h to ylon . ’ 6 0 4 Ba b Nebu c hadn ezzar ite s Jerem ia h s — n in eh o ia kim d e 5 61 son . wa r gs . J stroys th e scroll .

Jeh o iakim ren oun ces his ? War of

i n attes . B a lleg a n ce to Ba bylo . y eclipse.

ia n M a i e etc e Syr s , o b t s s nt by Babylon to ha ra ss

d aaa . Da niel a t Babylon in ter ’ prete Nebuch adn ezza r s rea m is m a e a o d , d g vern or .

( 14 ) — B. C . 619 601

‘ Gla ucus of Chios invt of Rom e In etu of La uren talia

r in la in m e a ls . e i al a t of y g t F st v s .

C ir Xen ophan es philos b .

R me U e a in C lo o nd r T rqu , a c a Ma x im an d C ircu s

7insign ia of royaltyin tro dd m E u ia fro tr r .

Gr c ir A rion th e Poet a t Gr c ir A rion of Lesbos in .

e ia n e . s h i m court of P r d r Hi trods t e d thyra bic o de .

— Gr Cir 5 80 Ma rtia l an d

A lc a an a m ic d S pp hic etres .

Gr Cir—5 60 Cho ra l

A n tis

E nc a s .

Ba b K Nebu c h a dn ezzar a c e Ba b A rts an d Scien ces a t a successful wa rri or an d

Cam a rin a c olon ized from

( 1 5 ) — B. C . 600 5 84

PO LITICAL H IST O RY. H ST O I RY.

6 0 0 Gr c ir A th en s u nder Solon

presses claim to S a la m is . T h ea gen es of Mega ra de b th e li a h po sed y o g rc s .

h i e Gr c ir Spa rta awards Sala Je o akim d by violen c . m is A ens eh o ia c hin e n iah to th . J [J co ] K h eb u c h ad 3 m ont s so n . N

n ez zar s a cks Jerusa lem . — Zedekiah K 5 86 u nc le. Gr E xpulsion of th e Mem es se m en s o n id fro A th .

Gr A then s distu rbed by fa c Gr Cirrh asan o r Sac red War i Pedieis a a i an d —5 86 t ons of , P r l .

Dia c rii . — E gyp t Psam a tik n K 5 88 Cir A gitation in all Syria s on Gr h a e a B a b wh is e e a e . Solon c ng s gst , d pr c t d m h ie A th en ia n O liga rchy to a by Jere ia h . Prop ec s im E e ie —5 3 in Ba t ocra cy. of z k l 7 by lon ia . Me ia A st a es K—5 5 8 so n d y g , — 5 95 5 5 9 : in th is reign Media is a llied with Lydia n an d Ba bylo .

Nebuchadnezzar pun ishes Gr Capture of Cirrh a ’ e ekia e e i b Z d h s d f ct on y th e A m phic tyon s . ra va ging Ju d sea : E gyptian party im prison s Jerem iah .

Pittac u s tyran t of Mytilen e —5 79 e a e a c o n stitu , st bl

ion . t — E gyp t Pha ra oh H o ph ra Jeru sa lem besieged 5 8 6 — i [A pries H erod] K 5 69 grea t sufferings of cit zens .

so n . E gyp t H o phra sen ds tro o ps to th e relief of Jerusalem . a e e u sa em d e Gr e Cirrh eean s C ptur of J r l , Conqu st of o rta tio n e e iah a n d m e e p of Z d k co pl t d. i h a i a n n b t ts , loot of T l p e . Gr Psam m etic h us despot of Gedalia h th e govern or m ur T yre taken by N eb u c h a d

in t 5 81 e e b I h m a e . E m i n ezzar a e a 1 3 rs Cor h— . d r d y s l ft r y

ratio n e E . i e g of J ws to gypt S eg . La m enta tions of Jere i m a h . L egendary m a rtyrdom of

Jerem ia h a t Ta hpan h es . ’ Cir Obadia h s prophec y a E m gst do .

( 1 6 ) — B. C . GOO 5 84

I E T O S D SC O WS L T E T E NV N I N , I LA , I RA UR ,

VE RIE S S C E C E A RT . D M I S T T T , I N , RA A, N I U IO NS .

Ma ssilia coloniz ed by Pho Ch ersiph ro n a n d Metagen es a s h ec des a hi e s e in T em e c ae n . Cir P er y rc t ct , b g pl of A rtemis a t E phesu s .

“ i a e a a d . a e n e s l i e e i Ch lo, s g of Sp rt Th l s ot s o st c s , qu n xe e li s e hils o s , c p s ; p o of I i h a e hi s on c sc ool , w t r p rim a ry elem ent ; in tro d s

a rith metic from E gypt .

Gr Epim en ides th e Creta n Cir Cultiva tion o f A rts of

ee i e A e . a i in a hi e u e a n d s r pur fi s th ns p nt g, rc t ct r A ia s c u lp tu re in G r an d s M . C ir Sybaris an d Croton a t Gr E a rthe nwa re a n d m eta l Gr Solon legisla tes a t h ei s o m e er an d m a a e e e en A e u n ew n t r of pow nuf ctur s w r th ns, fo nds Cou

ed b . c il f 400 s h s i c o u ra g y Solon O , pa ses t e e a t io s s c he : h i 4c la sses , 3

en fran c hised . ‘ Gr ir E ra a e c of 7 s g s , T h a e Bia eria e l s , s , P nd r, Pi a s i Solon , tt cu , Ch lo , C ir Cleob ulu s. Sprea d of u d d hi m in In ia B s d . ’ A n a c h arsis ia n tra A n a ch arsis e e in vtr , Scyth r put d ’ e e a t A e . bello w e wheel v ll r , th ns of s , pott r s ,

in e a n ho s . t d r, c r C ir Cyrus b . Legen d of hi s Gr Pythian ga m es a t Delphi 5 9 1 e a e m e i his le im e sc p fro d s gns of for t t . ra n f A s t a s g d y ge . H erod .

E gypt Th e lst tru e a rch ’ e i da t s from H o ph ra s re gn .

Gr Pythi an a n d Isth m ia n 5 8 6 m m ga es da te fro 5 8 6 .

e ian e a t i L P r d r d Cor nth , y c o ph ro n h is so n kd a t

Corcyra .

5 8 4

( 1 7 ) — B. C . 5 83 5 61

H STO I RY.

Gr Psam m etich u s an d Cyp Nebuza ra dan th e Ba bylo selids expelled from C o n ia n officer visits Jeru s a m O 4 n h u blestab d le a ie ff 7 5 e . ri t , rep . , c rr s J ws h a a Me a a n d S dr ch , sh ch A bedn ego in th e fiery fur e na c .

Rome Servius Tullius K 34 e e e a i e 5 , xt nd d fr nch s , m a de Ro m e hea d of La tin e a con fed r cy.

Gr c ir Solon lea ves A then s .

A grigen tu m Pha laris tyra nt D an iel interprets Nebu ’ a c e c h a d n ezz a r s eam : e i . dr p ’ sode of th e la tter s in san ity

E H o h ra e e gyp t p d pos d , — A m a s is K 5 2 6 perha ps

u e B a b a fterw i e b A m asis n ea ai . nd r , nd y r S s pendent (xxvu th dyn a sty —5 2 5 L — L ia oe K 5 5 4so n L dia Croesus reduces yd Cr sus , y — x A ia M 5 5 9 . 5 60 grea tly e of s . tended th e Lydia n dom i i n on .

Gr c irRenewa l of dissen A en sion s at th s .

Gr Solon return s to A then s fa ction of Pisistra tus pre m i do na nt . B a b Illo aru da m u s [E vil K Jeh o iac h in relea sed by K — E il-m e a m im Meroda ch] K 5 5 9 so n . v rod ch fro i n m en pr so t .

( 18 ) — B. 0. 5 83 5 61

L WS L T E T E A , I RA UR , D M I ST T T O S RA A, N I U I N .

n tum c olon ized from

‘ Cir S chool of sta tu a ry a t Sicyon under Dipm n u s

a n d S c yllis .

Ro m e n e e ius a Gr im i i e o m ed Su u d r S rv , w lls Pr t v c y of

b i m n e i e s a rio n a t I a ia . R m e u lt , o y first co n d, c r o 1 s t a e a ivin i m i ia c en ta u ria ta n ew st tu of d ty. Co t , istric ts an d i e in e , tr b s td gY

Cir Tha les

lea rns m a them a tica l

truths . ’ Ba b Nebucha dnezz ar s ha n ging g a rden s an d ca n a l em—6 61 syst .

b in S a m os . C ir n ie ia n Cir Fa ble E Solo stud s Egypt s of sop . la ws a n d history a t N a u i ’ c ra t s a n d S ais . Phala ris

E gyp t S a is a t its a c m e E gyp t U n der A m a s is cotton

e A m a ie. ea ed wa s e a i wa s und r s L rn first us d , S s

G ee is i E . em b e i h ed em e r ks v t gypt ll s , T pl Neith built .

5 6 7 C ir Legen da ry visit of SO Gr c ir H omeric poems edited 5 6 6

lo n e u . b i i a T h ei to court of Cro s s y P s str tus. r pub i ta em ea am e lc reci l . N n g s ‘ e E u am o n r stored. g of

e e e . R me lst Cyr n , po t o

Cen sus . Cir Th e Gk city Na ucra tis m a de th e sole E gyptia n port . — B . 0 . 5 60 5 43

WARS PO P LAR MO VE P LIT C L H I T O , U O I A S RY . H T O ME T S C T ST O PH E S IS RY. N , A A R .

5 6 0 Gr Pisistra tus seizes A cro i b m e e pol s , eco s d spot of h Kin m C he A t ens . gdo of r s o n es e es ta bd b Milia e y t d s , — 43 la sts 9 .

5 5 9 Ba b N erigliss ar [Nerg — Sh a rez er] K 5 5 5 broth

- in la w . 5 5 8 M edia E MPIRE E NDE D by ‘ revolt of Cyrus th e Per sian : rise of PE RS IA N E M — RIS E 5 38 .

Vain a ttem pt O f Ga uls to M i i destroy a ss l a . Ba b L a bo ro so a rc h o d K L ydia Croesu s in vades C ap

5 5 ki e b N a b o n a diu s a do c ia . 5 , ll d y p L b n tu s K— 38 A i [ a y e ] 5 . lian c e B a b L ia of , yd , E n d S a a a g yp t, a p rt gst

Cyrus .

~ Gr Pisistratus ba nish ed Gr Sparta takes th e Thyre

a a a i . L ia a e of from A th ens . Sp rt n t s yd C ptur - h ir a i b C ru s wh o ea es influ ence over two t ds S rd s y y , l v L ia H a r a u s e A SI of Peloponnese. yd p g to subdu

D 4 a i Gks : 7 5 46 . E MPIRE E N s z 7 5 6 . t c

Subj ection of A sia tic Gks Syra cu san s destroy Cam a

u s e ia i a . by H arpa g . P rs n r n E m pir e exten ded E a st — w a rd 5 40.

b n e 5 5 0 C a rik c ir Repu l. fou d d ; i i i in A i a Si a cqu s t ons fr c , c ir c ily etc . E gyp t covers h er form er pr e A m a sis perity un d r K .

5 49 5 48 Gr Pisistra tus restd at h e A t ns . 5 47 Gr Pisistra tus a gain b an iehed .

Cir Pers ia n s c on qu er Gk Ci ie o fI n ia t s o .

— B. C . 5 42 5 26

L M WARS , PO PU AR O VE PO LIT C L H ST O . I A I RY ME T T PH E S NTS , C A AS RO .

5 42 5 41 5 40 B a b Belsha zza r (proba bly a ssocia ted in th e govern

Ga rth defea ted a t sea by h aaa n i i a P o c s . Pers a n nv

sion of Ba bylonia . Cyrus e ea N a b o n a diu s b e d f ts , sieges Ba bylon . Ba b taken by Cyru s an d Ba b ca relessly defended by m a e a e ia a i a Be h a a a en b a d P rs n c p t l , ls zz r, t k y str Ba b ia E MP RE E NDS a m ylon n I . t go . 5 3 7 estab m Pisis e ee u s e i Gr Fin a l t of D cr Cyr . ord r ng tra tu s e at A en th e e u n ew Je , d spot th s r t r of J s to — 5 27 . ru salem .

Return of Jews with serva nts a n d vessels of th e Tem ple . Jo sh u a H i Pr est .

Tem ple begu n by Zeru b n b a b el a d Jeshua . Oppo i i m i i s t ou of Sa a r ta n tr bes . ’ L a st of D a niel s vision s .

in u 5 8 4 Rom e L T a rquin iu s Super Rome Under Ta rqu , S b u s K—5 09 e r e b e a wa s a e m th e , nth on d y ss t k n fro ian Gabii m th e Pa trician s . Volsc s , fro a in s L t .

S a mos u nder despotism of — 2 2 b e Polycra tes 5 , com es th e n a a e first v l pow r.

Persian s u n der Cyru s c ap ture Cypru s a n d threa ten E gypt .

— P ersia Cam byses K 5 22 Letter of Rehum an d Shim h ai A a e C am so n . s to h su rus [ b ses u in th e e y ] a cc s g J ws . 5 2 8 Ro me Tarquin exten ds do m in i in a i m an on L t u , pl ts ie colon s . Gr Joint ru le of H ippia s a n d H ippa rch us a t A then s — 5 l4son s .

P m ik E gyp t sa —at III [Peam m en itu s] K 5 2 5 so n .

( 22 ) — B. C . 5 42 5 26

L WS L TE T E A , I RA UR , D M I ST T T O S RA A, N I U I N .

5 42 5 41

Gr c ir A n axim e e ea h e G r C ir L i e 5 40 n s , t c s yr c p o try of Iby a a ir is th e e R e ium th t sourc of cus of h g . life . Tem ple to Olym pia n

Zeus beg un a t A th ens . Corinthia n Order in vd by

Callim ac hus .

Gr c ir Th e 2 n d tem ple a t e i c e D lph om pl ted .

Gr Under Pisistra tus th e H om eric poems were col lec ted i e a e an d a , l t r tur rts e ncoura ged . ’ er ia c ir Re i i n Z o a e Z en da vc s ta P s l g o of Zoro st r s . as e in Gk c ro t r tro d d . o lonists intr od th e olive an d v in e a t M i as s lia .

Gr Pytha gora s tea ches G r T ra gedy a n d comedy of m etern s c ho s is es is p y , Th p at A then s. tion of world by an d n u mbers : in v m usica l a no n c . Ro m e e ’ L gen d Tullia s Rom e T em ple on Ca pitoline Rom e Constitution of S er wa s i n e T a i viu s a b ish e e e bu lt u d r rqu n , ol d . L g nd a n d Circus Ma xim us im ~ of S ibylline Books in thi s

e . i prov d re gn .

S am os Under Polycra tes Tem ple of H era by Rh oec cus an d Th eodorus a que an d m duct ole . A n a creon a t c o u rt o f Poly

Cir Ga des foun ded by C ar

th aginian s .

Gr Pi i s stra tu s d cousin of Gr Poets a t A th ens un der

, em a e e H i a L a s u s Solon d gogu d spot , pp rchus , of em be i h e A h e a H e m i e A a ll s d t ns , p r on , n creon of tro n z ed i e a i l t r tur e a n d art. am im i e e S os , S on d s of C os .

E A m a sis gyp t K , o n e of Gr Pu blic ib a A e d L r rya t th ns . th e e gr a tes a n d bes E H me i ems ea a e t t gyp o r c po r rr ng d . — B . C . 5 25 5 09

W S PO P L MOVE AR , U AR H ST O ME T S C T S T O PH E S ‘ I RY. N , A A R .

5 2 5 E gyp t m ade a Persia n Pro E gyp t K Cam b yses defea ts i R O H DY S T Ps a m a tik a t B e v nce. PHA A NA Y of P lu i m e Mem h i E NDE D . s u , ta k s p s , cru l E Gr el y ra va ges gypt . Wa r of Spartan s v Sa m i

E gyp t Persia n exp edition into E thiopia of l i h m en , wh o a lper s . E gyp t T h eb es plundered 6000 E gyptia ns rem oved i n to Su s a a . 5 2 2 P ersia Gom ates [Pseudo Letter of Rehum a n d Shim Sm erdis 7 m a h a i A r a e e e ] K onths, s to t x rx s [Ps udo i im Sm erdis wh o th e Ma g a n postor . ] stops em buildin g of Jerusa l .

e s ia a i K— 486 a n ie a e i e : is d e e ia E m i e i e P r D r us I , D l pr s d nt P rs n p r d sturb d — s es i e m h e i . b e 5 1 5 . son of Hysta p . l v red fro t l ons y r volts

a N E I a H a a i an d e a ia C ir War b etw n G uls occupy of t ly. gg Z ch r h pro Croto h s B i i th e a ri s—5 10 p e y. u ld ng of Syb . m e e e T a a i Te ple r n w d. tn m i a i co pla ns to D r us . Gr Pla taea u n der A then ia n Da rius confirm s th e decree i n u a n d th e em e protect o . of Cyr s T pl is rebuilt . Z echa ria h gives h is decision

a bout fa sting .

P ersia Da rius divides E m Com pletion an d dedica tion

i e i a ra ie . th e T em e p r nto s t p s of pl .

Mi ia e e n th e Gr lt d s gov r s Pa ssover c elebrated .

Ch ers o n esu s .

Gr Rigorous rule of Hip Murder of Hipparc hu s by h — 1 H a rm o diu s a n d A i pia s a t A t ens 5 0. r sto geito n .

Gr Nava l suprem ac y of Spa rta .

P ersia c ir D a rius a dds th e Gr Spa rta sen ds troops to Punj a b a n d Scinde to th e libera te A th ens from Hip

i m i e ia . Pers a n e p r . p s

Gr H ippies a n d Pisis tra C ro to n ia tes take a n d de “ a i Gr e tid ee expelled : Clisth enes stroy Syb r s . Cl o founds A th enia n dem o m enes K of Spa rt a S ides i h I s a o ra s a t A e cra cy . w t g th ns . Rom e siege of A rdea . Rom e Ta rquin expelled a ristocra tic Repu b lesta bd with 2 a nnua l consuls m i i chosen by Co t a . — B. 0. 5 25 5 09

I E T S NV N IO N , D ISC O VE RIE S S C E C E A RT , I N , .

kills th e go d Gr Ch oerilu s of A thens ex 5 2 3

Polycra tes despot of Sa m os Relig refo rm s of C o n fu C hin a ? Confucius rem odels 5 2 2 - i e . i a b ea i in h i a . th a G c ir cruc fi d P nd r n r c us C n e s cred books . r “ T h ebe Gk i in H s . colon es ec a tseu s of Miletus

- Th a ia n h e e e . h is n i e P erio d us a n d r c C rson s t , wr t s

e ia i e m o n e P rs Co n d y, a h em e a x a io n n d sc of t t , a n d m i i a em a a d n str tor . a syst of p osts were in tro d d b a i y D r us . Gr C ir Cim on O f Cleon es E ra of Pyth a gorea n clubs im th e ar a i in i i proves t of p n t c t es of Ma gna G reec ia . in G r c ir P O M l i g. oetry f e an p

a i a Gk c o m e b Gr t n s po t .

Cir e a e h i X noph n s p los d .

’ H era clitus of E phesus hilo s a h a fire wa s p , t ught t t th e prim a ry form of m a t

ter. ‘ Gr Telesilla poetess

th e i i a h i e 1 0 ibe ru ns o un v fr nc s , tr s i h 5 0 e a ea h w t s n tors for c , n ew d ic as teria ea 1 , y r of 0 ’ P a n iss a i m ryt , ostr c s . Rome Viola tion of Lucretia Gr Sta tues of H a rm o diu s Rom e T h e regifu giu m fee b e B an d A ris to eito n . m y S xtus . L J rutus g Ro e a n d L T C o lla tin u s first Tem ple of J up iter C ap ito li n u s con secra ted .

( 2 5 ) — B. C . 5 08 491

EWIS H C H URC H WARS PO PUL AR MO VE L T L H T O J P O I ICA IS RY’ H ST O ME N T S T S T PH E I RY. , C A A RO S .

0 8 e s i i h ia 5 P r a nva des Scyt . ‘ Rome wa r with T a rquins h elped by E truria n s an d h er i e — ot tr b s 496 .

’ 5 0 7 Persia D a rius retrea t : Me b a z u s h ga left in T ra ce. 5 0 6 Megab a zu s reduces Perin h T h a e an d ae ia t us , r c P on . D a rius t a kes Cha lcedon a n d B a ti m yz n u .

Mi iade a e Lem n lt s t k s os .

5 0 2 Rome A llia n ce with Sa bines . P ersia Da rius helps Na xia n i ex les . Unsuccessful siege O f Na xos by A rista go ra s a n d Per ia s ns . 5 0 0 A rista go ra s deserts Per ia h ea e A si s ns , ds r volt of a i Gks b ar i is t c , urns S d s, e e b A e h lp d y th ns .

49 9

4 8 R m e T L a rtiu s a i e e sia e a n d e er 9 o . ppo nt d P r r volt r cov y r Dicta tor for L a tin Wa of Cyprus . 5 01 .

Rom e Ta rquin a n d L a tins defea ted a t La ke Regillu s

499 . 49 5 Persia defea ts Ion ia n fl eet O fi La de a n d destroys Mi e l tus . 49 4 Rom e Voting by tribes in Rom e Plebs holds m eeting M a e tro dd . on ons S c r .

‘ ’ ‘ 4 8 i Ga h c ir Ma O c o n s a r 9 Rome Sp . C a ss us Lea gue rt g q S i i ia k hi i th e 30 a i i ie a . P e s a e w th L t n c t s ; d n r t s C os ,

e i eb T ri e b an d T e e . conc ss ons to Pl s, L s os n dos i h bu n es with r g t of veto . 49 2 P ersia u nder Ma rd o n iu s n e M e i co qu rs a c don a . Rome m Fa ine . 49 1 Gr Dem a ra tus K of Spa rta P ers ia Mard o n iu s retires A i o m e e ea e i h r i s a . R d posed, jo ns t e Pe nto D f t ' i o t ian b C o rio la s a ns . Volsc s y n u s La tin s forced to join R om an lea gue. — B. C . 5 08 491

Da rius I crosse s th e Bo s G r Ch ora l com pe titions a t 5 0 8 i m ls c ph o ru s by a br dge of th e Ga m es . Ro e t o m bo a a e O f Sc la x m erc ia l ea i h Ga h ts. Voy g s y tr ty w t rt ; ’ a ia t t u s i ValPo lic l s lx of C r , m a hem a m p o a e de pro

a n e a o c a io n e . c i g ogr p h . v t

5 0 6

Cir a a il d a t Gr i e a me 5 0 5 Pyth gor s ph os F rst r gul r co dy. n u m m i s Metapo t . co posed by E p c h arm u e of Syra cus . " “ Rom e c ir Legends of H ora Pa rm enides of E lea p h ilo s Ch a ron of L a m psa cus 5 0 4 “ d M iu s i e a n u c h nd i o ea h . is tn . Gr a a H er t us Cocl s . tea c es rotu ty f rt h L s s of Mila n founded by th e mi one lyric poet tea ch es i P nda r . 5 0 3

Myrtis a n d Corinna p o etesses 5 0 2 a t T h e be ea h i a s , t c P nd r.

i i e h i A na xa gora s ph ilos b . A ris Gr e t Ion c ord r of A rc I nd ia c ir S a cred ep ic 5 0 0 ’ ’ ta o ra s o e e e u e . A ela d a s A r g v rtur s to t ct r g of po etry . a a a n d A en o s u l a Phi Sp rt th s . g , sc p tor (t ught ia M a n d Po l c le d s , yron y e tu s ) . C ir P a in ted p ott ry I a in t ly. — G r Cir 465 Ep in ic ia an d 49 9 h e ems i a ot r p o of P nd r . E sc h ylu s excels C h oerilu s a n d i a in a Pre t n s tr gedy.

A rista o ra s Sla in in a e . Gr i a P th 4 g Thr c P nd r y x . 9 8 Ofiic e of D i cta tor in etd

5 01 .

Sophocles tra gedi an b 49 5

Histiseu s fa ther -in -la w Gr T ra gedy of Phryn io h u s 49 4 A ris ta o ra s i e o n F a llo Mile u s g cruc fi d . f t .

Rom e Tem ple of Ceres in Rom e In etu of Tribunes a n d 49 8

i s . T a e. E di e em i i eb . C rcu usc n styl l s , r ss on of d ts

Rom e In stn of Com itia T ri 49 2 b uta : Le x Icilia for pro i n i tec t o of Tr bun es .

( 2 7 ) — B. 0. 490 477

JE WIS H C H C H W S UR AR , PO PU LA R MO VE

‘ H rsro n r . ME T S C T ST O PH E N , A A R S .

49 0 P ersia n s under Da tis a n d A rta h ern es i a e A i a p nv d tt c , a re defea ted a t Mara thon b Milia e y t d s . 48 9 Gr em i e a n d A i Gr Mi ia e in a e a Th stocl s r s lt d s v d s P ros . tides lea ders a t A th ens Rom e b esieged by A th enia n na va l power b e under Coriola n us

gu n . 48 8

48 7 E e a e i gyp t r volts gst P rs a .

48 6 P e sia e e K— 465 s o n e es c n m th i i r X rx s . X rx o fir s e pr v Rom e Lea gue with H er leges gra nted to th e Jews

i i. b a i n c y D r us . 48 5 Ro m e ae a E Qu stors first pptd. gyp t revolt su ppressed by e e h k X rx s , w o m a es A ch ie m e e h is b h e o n s , rot r , g e R F i v rnor . om e a b us de ea JE u i a n f ts q d Volsci. ’ 48 4 Xerx es va st prep a ra tions for th e conquest of E u — 1 rope 48 .

o s i m A i i s — 48 8 Gr a e . ? i e a i b R m e War wi Veu 44 tr c s of r st d D vorc of V sht y K o th 7 . Rom e A scendan cy of Fa bia A h a suerus [Xerxes] C ir Ge i ki ns. Jo a m so n of Jesh ua. H Priest: 48 2 Rom e Contests a bout A gra ia a r n l ws . 48 1 T erillu s expelled from H i m era a pplies to C arth for aid . Persia Xerxes b e

in hi s . m a rc h i e g s , w nt rs a t a i S rd s . 4 0 C a ha e m i i in A i e e in G 8 rt g Do n on fr X rx s r. B of Ther — c a es ta b d 409 . Gr A ri m o laa A em i i m s py , B of rt s u , i e i i Gk a h e Gk i t d s jo ns Counc l of s ck of A t ns, v ctory r h ae n lea ders . A c a a c tid ze o ff Sa la m is ; G elon defea ts

Kdm B h u . a h a i ia a t H im e a found of osp or s C rt g n ns r . 47 9 Gr A th en s refuses overtures E sth er m a de queen A th ens occupied by Ma rdo

Ma rd o n iu s . Gk A h a e i G k i i of con su rus. n us . v ctor es of Pla

e e a i . n f d r t on teea a d Myc a le . 47 8 Gr Ma ri tim e suprem a cy of Sestos ta ken by Xa n thippu s A h e A i i e e m t ns . r st d s r for s th e A then ia n . A h e ia i i t n n const tut on . S y ra c u s e H ie e —46 ro d spot 7 .

Gr Ca ptu re of Cyprus an d B i m A i i e yz a nt u . r st des g n era liss m im o . Ro e 305 Fa bii figh t th e Veien tes n d a re e e m in a a xt r ted.

( 28 )

476— 462

S T H I O RY.

47 6 Ga rth defea ts E trusc a ns a t s ea G im . r C on ta kes

Scyros .

47 5 Gr Cim on extends A thenia n m power in Th ra ce. Ro e Im pea ch m ent of consuls

by tribunes . ’ 47 4 F a ll of E trusca n n ava l H am a n s an ta gonism a n d Hi ero dfts E trusca ns a t sea e a e a h ei ear C u m ee i a n s pow r . downf ll . J ws sl y t r n . Japyg

e em ie . In e ea T a e i e R me n s tu F st dft r nt n s . o rim 40 rs e wi h eii Pu . y truc t V . 47 8

47 2 A grigen tu m a ga in a Repu bl. Rom e Pu bliliu s Volens T ri e a n d 47 1 bun , .

47 1 Gr Tem po ra ry ba nishm ent Rome Disturban ce a bout

m i A a ia a . Wa r wi of The stocles . gr r n L ws th ZE u i a n d i th e a m q Volsc , r y e i d serts A pp Clau d us .

47 0

46 9 Gr Pericles begins hi s p 0 ~ liti l a ee a t A h e c a c r r t ns .

Gr A i e e M e 46 8 Gr Cim on l ea ds a ristocra tic rg v s d stroy yc n ae. a a t A h e R me A n tiu m a ke m p rty t ns . o t n fro Volsci ; cont est b etw Pa

tric ian s a n d Plebs .

46 7 S icilia n dem ocra cies t e —40 esta bd 5 .

46 6 Gr Conviction of Them i Gr Cim on ta kes Na xos : his s to c les a t A th ens a n d victories a t m outh of E u ia a r m ed o n e th e war 12 Pa usa n s a t Sp rt a . y clos i Pers a . 46 5 Pers ia (A rta b a n u s usurper Gr Revolt of Th a sos ; b e 7 m onth s Arta xerxes sieged by Cim on ; reduced — an u s 425 in 463 . Ro m e Wa r i h gim son . w t E i qu . 46 4 Gr Grea t ea rth q a t Spa rta Messe nia ns an d H elots re t vol . 46 3 Gr Tha sos cruelly reduced b A h R m Pes til y t ens . o e e l nc e. ’ 46 2 Gr Cim on persu a des A th ens Gr C im o n s troops rejected

e a a b a a . R me e ea to h lp Sp rt . y Sp rt o D f t n i of Volsci a d JE qu . — B. C . 476 462

S LIT E T E LAW , RA UR , D M I S T T T O S T O POG PH V E RIE S S C E C E A RT . . RA Y . , I N , RA A , N I U I N

a l m v Gr Pin d r O y p xI .

f H iero of

‘ 47 5 a n d i e a cqu tt d .

Gr i a P th I 11 xi 47 4 P nd r y W , , .

Rom e ~Genucius Tribun e 47 8 h e 44 im pea c s Consuls of 7 , b e is ld lled . Pu l Vol ns re

i m i i i . s sts l t . conscr pt Gr Persw e i i e ls t 47 2 xh b t d , of ’ E sc hylu s exta nt dram a s ;

in a lm x1 1 . P d r O y p II ,

’ Thuc ydides historia n b a t Cir Sect of emp irics found Gr E sc h ylu s S ev en a ga ins t A e ed b T h ebes e b u th ns . y Cleron of A grigen ; follow d y S p

tum lia n s a n d m e h u . . p t Pro t e s R me Lex Pu blilia ri o , t bunes a n d sediles to b e e e e b th e ibe l ct d y tr s . R me A a i Gr T ea e 47 0 o pp Cl ud us oppo r sury of D los . ’ e a a ia l Ph o rm i s c om e ~ n nt of gr r n a w im p o t . Pin

ea e i da r P th . p ch d , k lls hf. y I

‘ Gr E sc h ylu s defea ted by Gr Sophocles ta kes prize 46 8 ’ Soph ocles in a tra gic con for th e T n p to lem u s : c ir e A i i h 3 t st . r st des A t enia n a dds rd a ctor of Gk tra e y dy. h i h e b p losop r . Gr im i e e e R me A a ian a 46 7 S on d s of C os , po t , o gr r L ws of

a t a e . A n d o c id es ZE m ili u s a n d a i d Syr cus F b us . a b A n tiu m or tor . colo n ized b R m a y o n Plebs . ' a a ia a a Dia o ra s Me hil s 46 6 P us n s Sp rt n g of los p o . kd b i y starva t on .

Gr Them istocles a t court C ir T heseu m a n d F a cile Rom e Censu s citi 46 5 O fA a e s —44 i e R m e S a a t A h en . ZQ D S rt x rx 9 . o to bu lt t s . Colony of plebeia ns at A n i m t u . Gr c ir Cha ron of L am p ea 46 4 1 s i i h is cus , t cr t ca l Gk i i a l m I II . tor n . P nda r O y p x Polygnotus im proves a rt O f Rome Ca lenda rs a n d consul 46 3 a u es u e a in i a t i i i e a n d a dm i st t q p t ng l sts co nc d , t A e —426 a n a a e h th ns . of ccur t c ronology Gr P in a r P th I v v d y , 0)

( 31 ) — B . 0 . 461 449

O L T L H T P I ICA IS O RY.

Gr Ostra cism of Cim on e E arth q : com m otions Gk ea a t A h e a b T — tr sury t ns . t eren tilian La w 45 4. Pericles exten ds A th enian em a R me T e d ocr cy. o C ren iliu s H a i e t ars , Tr bun .

46 0 E e In a ru s a n d E e a e ia gyp t und r gyp t r volt gst P rs , — A m yrteeu s K 45 5 (xxv1n th h elped by A th ens Rome a e a Per a bi e ei e C a lto l are dyn sty) r volts gst S n s s z p ,

sia . R me i in a e ea b e i o C nc n tus d f ted y Val r us .

Consul .

45 9 Gr A e e e er‘ th ns a ss rts supre L tt of K A rta xerxes . m a E a a n d 1 75 4 e m e cy. zr J ws co to Jerusa lem with trea r su e. C ir E lia shib H ie so Pr st n . 45 8 Rom e Cincinna tus dicta tor Gr A thens lea gu es with r i A fo E qu an Wa r . rgos a n d Mega ra agst R e Min u c iu s Spa rta . om b e e b ZE u i e e b s t y q , r scu d y i Cor ola nus .

45 7 R m e 1 0 ri e a . Gr T a a a a a o t bun s pptd B of n gr , Sp rt ns e ea A h e ia R m e d f t t n ns . o Pea ce with Volsci wh o a re e e iu m c d d A n t . 4 G CEn O h ta A th e 5 6 Gr Cim on reca lled from r B of p y , exi e ia e e M ro n ides de l . n n und r y ea T h e a f t b ns .

45 5 C ir E gyp t m ostly recon Jews hara ssed by th e n eigh G r Sparta reconquers Mes — e e b e ia . a ri i e 44 sen ia n s . A h e e e qu r d y P rs ho ng tr b s 5 . t ns r duc s JE in a E A m rtaeu s g . gyp t y e i e ia—4 149 r s sts P rs . ’ 45 4 Rom e Plebs win conflict Gr Pericles expedition v b e m i a n d A c arn an ia a out r for s ; com m is S cyon . sion a pptd . . 45 8 Syrac use predom in a nt in

Sicily. 45 2

’ 45 1 Gr Cim on e 5 yr s truce b etween A thens a n d Pelo o n n esia n s R m De p . o e c m e viri a pptd . 45 0 Rom e D ecem vira te pa cked Cim on efiec ts Gk a llian ce

b A a i v e ia . y pp . Cl ud us . P rs

449 R m e e em ir i e e A en ian ee s o D c v d pos d , th fl t support A m rtseu s a e ia de consu late restored . y gst P rs , i fi fea ts Pers a ns o Cyprus . ’ h C im o n s Pea ce wit Persia . Rome Consuls defea t E qui n in e a d S ab s . BIO GRAPH Y A N D P H T O O GRAP Y.

’ Gr Trea sury O f D elos tra ns Gr c ir Pericles in stn s a t e e A h e R m e A h e ai i a e ie f rr d to t ns . o t ns , p d d c st r s , m e Kasso Q u in c tiu s son of A reopa gus re odell d . Cincinn a tus ba nish ed by Rom e T eren tilian L a w for i e e m i i Tr bun s . r for of const tut on pro po Gr m 46 0 De ocritus philosopher C ir A naxa gora s of Cla zo Pinda r O lymp VIII . b a t A b e a A i a e e u d r , r stoph n s m enaa conceiv s of a S b a t Rh e H i o c eme N us ea e I i od s , pp p r o , gr t st on c b a t e e C in Cos L g nd of p hilos . c in n a tu s prom otion from th e h - ploug ta il . * A n tiu m recovers its free Gorgia s of L eo n tium 45 9 m — i do . rhetor 41 7 te a ch es Per e h di e A i ia cl s, T ucy d s, lc b

des , C ritia s .

’ ia a b a t A e c h lu e ri 45 8 Lys s or t th ns . Gr E s y s Or steia t

Gr JE sc h lu s im ea e 45 7 y p ch d , ea e A h e i i l v s t ns for S c ly.

Gr JE sc h ylu s tra gedia n Long walls A thens Gr H erodotus recites p a rt 45 6

a t Ge a . H e n ish ed his H is . Ro me L ex l rodotus . of t a m i i i in h S os . Ic l a a ss gn g t e A ven i eb t ne to Pl s . A th ens settles Messenia ns Gr E uripides gain s priz e 45 5 a t N a u pa c tu s . for th e P elia des .

u 45 4 Rom e sends a com m ittee to Gr c ir C omedies of C ra tin s .

Gr a T a e ie A i a . to study l ws. r g d s of r st rchus

45 3

l —41 2 l m Iv 45 2 Gr e u Gr in a . Polycl tus sc p tor P d r O y p , v a uth or of fa m 0 u s sta tue H e a of r . Gr IOn of Chios exhibits 45 1 a e Ro m e e tr g dy. Cod of 1 0 Ta bles dr a wn up by

Gr Grea t developm en t of Gr c ir H istories of H ella n i 45 0 — “ b h i ia 432 . De a e c o m e y P d s cus . Cr t s p o t , " m o h ilu s ea h e e i Ba i e l i e . p t c s Z ux s , cchyl d s yr c p o t a in s e - 2 p t t rra cotta figures Rome Code of 1 Ta bles. for Rom an Tem ple of

G im r C on d a t siege of Ci Rome L eges Valerise m a ke 449

i m . R me Sic c iu s Den i i a in i t u o pleb sc t b d ng . ta tus kd by decem viri Virginia sa ved by death m A fro pp Cla udius.

( 33 ) - B.C . 448 434

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V T ME T S C T ST O PH E S H IS O RY. N , A A R .

448 Gr Concordat b etw Persia Gr Sa cred Wa r for posses

n Gk R m e D e i e h i. A h e a d sta tes . o s on of D lp t ns c em vira te a b i h e : e h ian a a ol s d con h lps P oc s , Sp rt l n sula te a n d trib un a te re De phia s . e stor d . 447 Gr Boeotian aristocra cies Gr Bceo tia rises a gst A thens e e a e h ee a n d i h ae ea r stor d ft r B of C w ns B of C ron . r n P e s ia Re Me a b o ea . P ersia In su rrec r volt of g y i M zu e k a a ia t on of egaby s w a ens zus s tr p of Syr .

th e em pire . Rom e lst p o l O pula r e ection fQ u sesto rs . 446 Rom e T h e T ribu n itia p o Gr E uboea a n d Mega ra rise a A h Pleis o n tes ta s renewed . gst t ens . t a ax K of Spa rta inva des A t i a R m e JE u i e t c . o q rout d e th a u s n a r e wa lls . S yr c e a ke A ri en tu m t s g g . ' ' 445 Gr By 30 yrs tru ce A th ens Nehem ia h sent to Judaea a s Gr Peri cles su ppres ses E u

ll i i i s ex n b A r a e e b cea n e . a an up a a cqu s t on gover or y K t x rx s . r volt Sp rt s e E u b cea R m e C o n s u i a e A i a an d e i e c pt . o nv d tt c r t r ; ’ ltu m m h 30 rs e. la r T ribu n i m i i 3 t s . y truc 444 Gr Pericles suprem e a t Nehem iah rebuilds walls O f A h e i e e a em E a b e i t ns. Thucyd d s os J rus l . zr g ns tra c ised th e a i e . C non of Scr ptur .

’ 448 Rom e 1 s t apptm t of C ensors eh em ia h s work oppos ed Rom e Volsci defea t ed : ter N — n d u m v i i n a va les b a b a a a n d T iah . rito r a e e 38 3 . a d u r . y S n ll t ob y nn x d —4 e ea T a 33 C nsus , F st of e a e Da A n e b rn cl s, y of to m e e e i a i n nt k pt , D d c t o th e wa lls . 441

440 Gr Sa m os conquered by i e A thens under Per cl s .

B e a i 48 9 Rome L Q Cin cin n a tus Rom e Fa m ine . en f ct ons i Mseliu s hi s ea . a ga in D cta tor set 8 0. of Sp , d th 48 8 R m e T i m ila o r b pptd .

48 5 Ro m e In s tn of pa trician Wa r b etw Corinth a n d Cor i h i o il censorsh ip of 1 8 m onth s cyra . Cor nt w ns A i m a n d a e E i dura ion . ct u t k s p t '

d am n u s . 48 4 Rom e Border frays with a —425 E trusc ns . — B. C . 448 434

BIO GRAPH Y A N D H T O PO GRAP Y.

Rom e L ex T rebo n ia regu 448 la e e e i n m i ia t s l ct o of Co t .

Gr T o lm ides A th enia n ge

n era l kd a t B of Ch aeron ea .

Gr i a P th vu r 44 P nd r y . 6

Pleisto an a x ba nished for t e Rome C a n u leian L a w san c 445

Ceivin A e ia n b ibe . i i e m a ia e e g th n r s t ons nt r rr g , op ns b consula te to Ple s .

Cir A ristopha nes com e A then s u n der Pericles 444 ia n b e m e th e e e a rt d . b co s c ntr of n E m a d refine m en t . pedo " cles of A g rigen tu m p hilos

a n d med . Thurn est a blish ed a s a Gr c ir H ero d otus writes his 448

b A h e . i a T h u rii colony y t ns H s tory t .

A ea a e e b R m e. Cir I in a i a es an d 442 rd‘ nn x d y o ct us , C ll cr t M e i e a h i n s cl s , rc tects . Mi a in s a e- i e con p t b ttl p ec s .

Gr E uripides ga in s highest 441 i e a e pr z for tr g dy. l hi s G r me ie h i i e 440 s cu p t, Co d s pro b t d A i n O A thens . nt go e of S h o c les e b E le p , follow d y c ' tra T ra c h in ice Gld i us , , p T a n as A a x —409 gr n , j .

A a a e i e m e h l x l d for urd r of C r A lcestis of E uripides . 48 8 Mseliu s S p . A th ens colonizes A m phi Gr c ir Th e Pa rthen on an d Gr A thenia n law a gst c o 48 7 e m a t A h e c o m m e e ea e Od u t ns dy r p l d . ’ leted h i ia Mi e p . P d s n rva . Is ra e a b G a in in Gr G a in a a e i e oc t s or t . r P t gs of Polygnotus r t s t k s pr z for 48 6 a n d Pa n sen u s in th e Po i

Gr c ir Propylaea a t A thens Rom e Lex E m ilia lim iting 48 5 a n d em e O f i T pl Z eus a t censorsh p . m ia m Oly p co pleted . Pro i e h il d cus of C os p os . Gr c ir T em ples of D em eter Gr Lysippu s ta kes priz e for 48 4

a t E e i A h e a a t S u me . l us s , t n co dy n i m em e i a t Rh a m u , N s s n u s : E rec th eu m recon e struct d . — B . C . 433 420

H S T O I RY.

48 8 Gr Peric lespersu a desA th en s Neh em ia h m akes th e u su A th enia ns join Corcyra v ‘ a l i h a . R m e rers em i eb H i to l y w t Corcyr o r t d ts . 2 e Cor nth . ib Mila e e ia Tr pptd . r turns to P rs .

48 2 Gr Peloponnesia n confs A th enia ns a n d C o rc yrea n s dera c y a t Spa rt a decla res defea t Corinthi a ns O ff Sy

wa r a A h e . a Po tidsea e gst t ns bot . r volts

from A thens . 48 1 P el n n esia n a r — 404 opo W . Th eb ans a tta ck Pla taea ; A rch ida m us a n d a llied A forces in ttica . Rom e c ir Post T u b ertu s defea ts ZE n qui a d Volsci. 48 0 Cir eh o ia da H ri — Gr A h i a m a a i in J P est son . rc d us g n H is son Ma na sseh m a rries va des A ttica ; plagu e a t 1 A h e s. a da ughter of Sa nballa t . t n

42 9 Gr P t ce e o id a su rrend rs . Ph o rm io defea ts Spa rta n ee A i a m b e ie e fl t . rch d us s g s a aea R me e a n d Pl t . o r volt a i e as —42 c pture of F d n 8 . 42 8 Gr A th enia ns underC leip de s e ie e M ile e b s g yt n . ii pgo m e Cossus defea ts Ve . 42 Gr A e a e Gr M i e e a e Pla tzea 7 sc nd ncy of Cl on a t yt l n r z d . h k l A t ens . ta en by Spa rta ns . O i ga rc h ic a lpa rty in Corcyra

m u rdered .

42 R m i Mil — 42 3 Gr A h e ia i a t T a 6 o e Tr b a pptd . t n n v ctory a E a h a ke a n n gra . rt qu s d a t A h Floods . Pla gue t ens . A e ia if e th n ns pur y D los . 42 5 Gr Cleon refuses Spa rta n ? Supposed return of N e Gr A th enia n na va l victory ‘ M h h c teri e e e a e h em iah : b e e a o S a a . e e ov rtur s, und rt k s to su s qu ntly p Surr nd r

a e S h a c teria P e sia n a eh is e e e a n d a ta e . t k p . r ss xp ll d of Sp r ns to Cl on e e 45 a so n a a a b i em e X rx s II K d ys , S nb ll t u lds T pl l i n s K— 42 4 he ri S o gd a u brot r. a t Ge zim . 42 4 P ersia Da rius Noth us K Gr Nicia s ra va ges L a conia n A h e ia e ea e 405 brother ; declin e of coa st . t n ns d f t d i E m i b T h eb a a t e i m Pers a n p re. y ns D l u . m Sa nites take Ca pua .

r T . R m 42 8 Rome Consuls . G ruce for a yr o e Wa r i h i S a m w t Volsc , i k Vu lu rn u m n tes ta e t . — 41 Gr Bra sida s e ea e n 42 2 Rom e Trib Mila pptd 3 . d f ts Cl o A m h i i n ear p pol s .

42 1 Gr 5 0 yea rs truce betw n x Nicia s a n d Pleis to a a . Rom e 4qu aestors eligible

from Pleb s . ’ ir ie M a i am i e 42 G Al ib ia e ea b etw C e a , e C u m w 0 r c d s tr ty Proph c s of l ch S n t s conqu r . e a n A m e a a e th e a A th ns d rgos . So wh t l t r C non of Scripture is com pleted .

’ 1 r n a n J o s e h u s a c o u n is o elessl n a c c u a e sid e Diet o B ible T h e d eta ils a e “h ere u c ert i . p c t h p y i r t , f

N eh emia h an d S a n ba lta t. 36

— B. C . 419 406

P LITI L H O C A ISTO RY. H IST O RY

Gr A lcibia des helps A r gives k E i a R me to a tta c p d urus . o

Sla ve conspira cy. Gr A rgos allies with Sparta Gr Sparta ns under A gis dft M i a e B a ea . e a i a ft r of nt n A th nia ns a t M nt ne . Gr A rgos again a llies with Gr A then s a ssists L eo n tin i

A h e . 1) ra e t ns Sy cus . Gr A lcibia des persua des Gr A th eni a ns con q an d de A eni a e E i a th ns to h lp g st . popula te Melos . Gr Pisa nder a n d C h a ric les Gr A thenia n expedition to em a e c o n dem n a i i u e i ia A i d gogu s S c ly nd r N c s, lc

i n A i ia e . ie e a n d L a m a c h u s t o of lc b d s b d s , , A th capture of Ca tana . e n ian riot abt m utila tion H erm es of . Gr A th enians in vest Syra e a a e G cus , Sp rt ns und r y

lippus h elp Syra cus e . Rom e r E i B a c o n d Wa 1) qu , ol q . Mac ed Brillian reign of Gr Spa r a ns in v A t ica a n d — t t t A c e a 3 i D ec elea . A h e ia r h l us 99 . fort fy t n n a rm y a n d fleet destroyed a t Syra cus e . 41 2 Gr A i ia e ea u e wi Gr e h i Mi e s lc b d s l g s th L sbos, C os , l tu T is s a h ern es e r m A h en p to d stroy etc revolt f o t s . i m i A then an e p re in A sia .

Gr i n i n E ea Revolut on a t A then s . Gr A the a s lose ubo ; Council of 400 rules 4 dft Spa rta ns a t Cyn o sse m i i onths . Const tut on m a . Rom e Fam in e. s re td . Alcibiades recall ed .

Gr C leo ph o n persu a des Gr A lcibia des dfts Spa rtan s A e ia e a n d e ia a t i th n ns to rej ct Sp r a P rs ns Cyz cus . ta n e ra c A s ov rtures . S y c en da n c i d es —40 y of D o 8 . R e i Ma n a e e e a h a e in v i i —392 h e e en . R m e e C od s nd p nd t o ss s xp ll d rt g S c ly , 1 st e i n ae m a ia e i a a e elin u s an d Hi Pl be a Qu stors . rr g w th S nb d stroys S 42 e i m e a . daught r v de 5 . r — R m e i Mil 3 3 ra c em e o n Ge i im . e G r A li ia e e e B o Tr b 9 . S y T pl r z S ct c b d s r cov rs y

i 42 z a n tium a n d h a e . e i e a m an vi e . D ocl s ban sh d . of S arit s d 5 C lc don Medea revolt un su ccess l e ia fu ly agst P rs .

10 n ew en e a a t A en Ga h in v i il . Gr A n g r ls th s . rt S c y A i ia e a i e tio c h u s i Al i ia e lc b d s b n sh d . p lot of c b d s dftd by Lysa nder o il No i m ai a a t u . Cyrus ds Sp rt n e—404 m e dftd caus . Ro i by Volsc . a e A ri en tu m S yra cu se Dion ysius seiz es Gar th t k s g g . em e e is e Gr e ea C a llic ra tida s supr pow r, d spot D f t of —36 m a e a a a n a m i a o ff 7, k s Syra c a le d Sp rt d r l in ae b A h e ia : ex e g state. nus y t n ns c u tio n of 6 genera ls a t

A e Rom e i dftd . th ns . Volsc - 6 War with Veil 39 .

( 38 ) — B. 0. 419 406

L WS L T E T E A , I RA UR , D M I S T T T O S RA A, N I U I N .

G ea A ri 41 9 r P ce of stophan es .

“ Gr Lysia s A th en ora t ac t 41 8 4 0. 41 7

Gr A ga thon takes priz e for 41 6 t a e r g dy. ’ Cr A c i ia e i a e Gr E i i e a la me es 41 5 l b d s d sgr c d , ur p d s P d , ee a a : A n do c ides T a e S is hu s fl s to Sp rt ro d s, yp . Xc

a u in m e . n o c les i e a A rc hi or t t rns for r pr z tr g . p u s i e rn e p pr z co d.

R me M Po s tu m iu s Re i Gr Bi s A i a n e 41 4 o g l rd of r stoph s . len sis kd for opposin g di i n o f i vis o spo ls .

Suicides of Nicia s a n d De Gr H egem on in tro ds p a 41 8 m o sth en es A en en era th e m ili a r s em c o n th g ls. t y yst ; rody. structed highways an d forts . Gr A n drom eda of E uri 41 2

i e . A i h ilo p d s nt phon p s, o a e C o u n c r t, found d of 400 i ’ . S yrd a D ocles de m o c ra ti c Code . Gr A n i n r e ’ t pho ora t c ed . Gr E n d of T h ucydides H i L is a d st . ys tra t a n T hesn wp ho ria zus a e of A ri s to h a n es a h i e a t p . Fr nc s A th ens restri cted to 5 000

“ ’ Gr Min daru s Spa rta n ad Gr Hippoc ra tes set 5 0 Ro me Mis a in e A grarian 41 0 m i a kd at i u . n e of me ic ina l La w e r l Cyz c s fou d r d propos d . e scienc .

a a en s e res Gr P i s 40 9 Pl to tt d l ctu of h lo ctete of Sophocles . e S ocra t s .

Gr es e ri i 40 8 Or t s of E u p des . Plu us A i a e t of r stoph n s .

Gr Retu rn a n d 2u d expu l 40 7 i n A ibi s o of lc a des . Rhodes i r c ty founded . S y ac Dio c e ltd in ni a l s ght tta ck.

C r Socra tes refuses to pro Ro m e Paid soldiers an d wa r 40 6 c eed a st th e 6 en ' , r Gi d g g ta x. G ipus a t Colo 1uri ides a e ia n a t n u s h p tr g d d of Sop ocles . Ph ae $4 n is es B ce s , ac c h an d Ip h i genia in A u lis brought o u t ’ b E u i i e n y r p d s so .

( 39 ) — 13. 405 392

W S O P L MO VE AR , P U AR H ST O ME T S C A T A ST RO PH E S I RY. N , w

40 5 — E gyp t N eferites r K 399 E gyp t throws o fi Persia n x x rxth a ke Gr a e i ( dyn sty yo . Lys nd r d ts P e sia ff o s m i r A rta xerxes n K A th enia ns o ZE g po ta . 362 so n e b h is R me ie e eii , opp os d y o S g of V . brother Cyrus till 40 4 G a r Lys nder esta b a D a ca r Ga rth Pea ce with Syra cuse. ie in A i G Pelo o n n wa r e ch s then a n town s . r p nds T h e 30 tyrants ru le a t Lysa nder ta kes a n d dis

A en 8 m h m a e h e : T hr a s s th s ont s . ntl s At ns y b A e e i e sei e ulus , th n x l , z s h e P yl . “ ” 40 3 Gr Yea r of a n a rchy a t Gr T h ra sybulus routs a rm y ’ A e . T h era m en es o li 30 T a a e Pi th ns of yr nts, t k s a h 1 C o n stitu rseu s g rc y of 0. . tion restd by Pa usa nia s an d m m i ee 1 5 co tt of .

40 2 40 1 Gr c ir Oppression of Spa r Persia Cyru s dftd by A r h s i ie tax erxes a t B a a ta n a rm o ts in c t s . of Cun x e ea o f Gks r tr t . 40 0 Cir Ga uls in v Italy ;

i Gks in a m Seu th es . Tr bune. r y of

— a a wa e ia in A c h o ris K 386 . Sp rt rs 1) P rs

e i o f. distu r A ia u e T h m b ro n P r od s nd r y , — 5 Derc llid a s a n d A esila u s ba nce 3 9 . y , g — 4 i e e a t R me . 39 . Pest l nc o 3 9 8 Spa rta A gesila u s n a pptd Ga rth H a m ilcar dftd in Si ’ i Derc llida s e K to exclusion of L eo ty c lly. y truc

i e wi h Ph arn ab a zu s. ch d s , t

’ Derc yllida s truce with T is~

sa ph ern es . Ga rth H a m ilcar a ga in in “ i i b e ie e a e S c ly, s g s Syr cus , i e e i ib e ei e ret r s . C lt c tr s s z Mel u m a m i a ke p . C llus t s eii P e sia A esila u s V . r g i in v A s a M. T is s h ern s dftd 3 9 5 Gr Sta tes b rib ed by Persia Persia ap e

w r 1) a a ea e b A esila u s . R m e C a to a Sp rt , l gu of y g o p A h e i h A e a e a a n d F a t ns, Cor nt , rgos tur of C p n e ii—2 a n d T h ebes . l r Gr C in hia n a r— 38 8 9 4 or t W 7 . Spa rta ns dftd by Conon o f a id u s A esila u s i . g d ts n a llied Gks a t C o ro ea . h 8 9 3 Lea gu e of A chaea n cities in Gr Spa rta in v s Corint

m e 391 . Ga h . i i i It a ly. Ro Consuls rt D onys us d ts e h e i m 391 Mago n ar R g u . .

Ga rth seeks peac e with Dio siu s I h ic ra te de n y . Gr p s a a m a stroys Sp rt n or . — B. 0 405 392 .

E T O S D SCO LA ws L T E T E BIO GRAPH Y A N D INV N I N , I , I RA UR , D M I S T T T O S T P PH VE RIE S S C E C E A RT ; . O O GRA Y. , I N , RA A, N I U I N

Gr F s A i h a e . 40 5 Gr c ir H erodotus h is tn d . rog of r stop n s * h e a e A n im a h h Sop ocl s tr g po t d. t c us of Colop on p o et.

C ritia s a n d Th era m en es Gr A thenia n fra nch ise con 40 4 hea d oliga rch ica l pa rty a t fined to 3000 citiz ens .

A h e . A i ia e kclb S ra c a h i e e e e t ns lc b d s y y Fr nc s xt nd d , ’ a e e . n a e a ed a di Lys nd r s ord rs vy nl rg , l nds

vided .

“ “ Pa usa nia s s u persedes . Ly Th e E ar of Dionysius a Gr A rc h in u s an d C eph a 40 3 * a e a s e e a . T h u i i ia a e . a s A e a s nd r g n r l S c l n c v rn lus or tor . th n l ws c did es a n d ia e e m e I a e A s y Lys s r turn r for d. socr t s g t

m e i e E u th n u s . i b i fro x l . y F rst pu l c u se I i A h a e of on c lp b t . R me ZE s Ux o ru m ta x o . I o a e A a llim a h us s cr t s gst C c . G r (E d ipu s a t Colon us brough t out byth e younger h e Sop ocl s . " ’ i A e C ty of Delhi founded . C ir Dem o c ritus of bd ra Gr Lycurgus L a ws m odi 40 0 set 60 a h a m i s s fied : a a n b i e , ut or of to c y Sp rt pu l c tr a

tem e a i n a e . , xpl ns tur of su ry Milky Way ; credited with v a in en ta of rch . Me i a n a n d A n itu s C ir i e i a i G r c ir ia lo u es la 8 9 9 l t s , Lyco D sp rs on of Socr t c D g of P to . im ea h a e wh o h : M e a ri R me ls le i i-u m p c Socr t s , sc ool g c school of o t ct stern .

ri k th e h em k set 0. E li e I n ven tn d n s loc 7 uc d s. of c d a u lt b i si t p y D ony us . in E E m Pla to gypt . Rome Gr Persian H ist of Ctesia s 8 9 8 ’ a to e i ac e . ir n b ssy D lph c Or l ends . C Ph ilo xe u s ’ a n d T im h e e ot us po ts, A s t da m u s a e a y tr g d . ’ Gr Zeuxis an d Parrh a siu s Isocra tes Con c ern in g T ea m 8 9 7 a in e s o H ses p t r . f or . en m i A h e V doo ed to des ola t on . ntis t en s foun ds s chool o C n i f y cs .

Pla to returns to A thens . Conon th e A th enia n c o m m an i ds Pers a n na vy.

’ en n i an i ed Gr I c a e A a ins L o X opho h stu b sh , so r t s g t ’ e i e S c illu s . i a eki es C ro dia A n a r t r s to P s n t . y pa , der Spa rta n general kd in bas is a n d H ellen ic a of — i . e h 3 2 B of Cn dus X nop on 6 . Xen a rc h u s a t Die Pirse ’ court of u s a n d Long Wa lls of Gr Isocra tes Ep id ic a s ia 3 9 3

n siu s . Veien tin e e i A h e e i b . an d T a eziti us y t rr t ns r bu lt y Conon r p c . i i e m I h i r e tory d v d d a ong Pleb s . p c a t s im proves Gk a rms an d ta c i t cs . C i e i r Th ophra stus philos b A rist ppus founds C ren a io T h e E c c lesia zus ce of A ri 3 9 2

in e b . s h o l. R m e u n n el o es L s os c o o st ph a n . b etw A n io a n d A lba n L ake m e e co pl t d .

( 41 ) — B. 0. 391 378

P L WARS , PO U AR MO VE

H STO . ME T S C T ST O PH E S I RY N , A A R .

8 ib Mi — l s 9 1 Rom e T r l 38 9 . Ba Gr A gesi au in vs A c a rn a

nish m en t a m i . i m ie e b of C llus n ia . Clus u bes g d y

Gauls .

8 9 0 Gr e ia e e a e a t A llia Brenn u s an d P rs ns spous c us B .

a a Ga R m an . of Sp rt . uls dft o s

8 8 9 R m e Re a a n d i a R m e b Ga wh o o c ll d ct tor o burnt y uls ,

h i m i . h s p o f Ca llus . rem a in 7 m ont s . O s m i e e E i llus suppr ss s qu , Volsci a n d E trusca ns 38 7 e e v s i . Succ ss s Vol c — 377 . — 3 8 8 8 Rom e Trib Mil 75 .

8 8 7 Gr A ccepts Persia n a rbi Gr Corinthian wa r ended ra tio n m e 4n ew ib e b a A n ta lc i s t . Ro tr s y Pe ce of da . a e E ia R m a i e i i a e Rh e i m dd d , trur o n z d D onys us t k s g u . —4 3 3 .

E P m m u h i - l 1 ~ 3 8 6 gyp t s a t s K 385 . Gr A gesi a u s ga rrison s P a

tsea .

8 8 5 E gyp t N eph erites Gr Spa rt a ns under A gesi m Gr Ri e A n i e Ma i ea onths . s of pol s d stroy nt n . dro tio n t A en P e s 1 0 rs wa r wi C a th s . r y th y

prus. 8 8 4 E gyp t N ec tan eb o 366 (xx x th dyna sty

Rom e. c ir Closing of L a tin e i ra c Dio conf dera t on . S y n ysiu s a t h igh est pitch of

power . i il T h e i e H al c u s Ga h a r i i i de 8 8 8 S c y r v r y rt W w th S c ly,

h e o f i i e e. C art a gn bounda ry. f a t D onys us ; p a c

8 8 2 Gr h e e ei e b a Gr n ia wa r— 379 T b s s z d y Sp r Oly th n , tan a i a a v h ia c o n f ct on . Sp rt Olynt n e e a R m e Wa r 1) f d r cy. o e e Praen st .

Rom e Tusculum in c o rpo a r ted .

e 3 8 0 Cin cin n atus takesPraen est .

8 7 9 Gr Th ebes lib era ted from Gr Olynthus ca pitul a tes to

a a n a i n b e Po lb ia des a n d a a . Sp rt . f ct o y P lo y Sp rt ns i Pelo ida s a n d T h eban ex p da s . p i e a in C a dm ea les r g .

8 7 8 Gr Th ebes an d A then s Gr A gesilau s rava ges Boso a u e v a a tia le g d Sp rt . . — B. 0 . 391 37 8

A n do c id b w i 3 9 1 es A then ora t a Pla to c o m p oet exhib ts . ’ h i h I s ' t s ed . socra tes A g t h e S o

’ n n e im ris 3 9 0 Co o b tra yed an d p d Isocra tes B u s iris . b th e e ia T h r s y P rs ns . a y kd a A s en du bulus t p s. Gr E sc hin es a b C ir or t . a i i i il is Pl to v s ts S c y, sold

for a slave in E gins . L e g en da ry fea ts of Ma nlius a n d m Cam illus . Ro e re ui b lt. Rom e c ir M a nip u la r legion Gr c ir D ia lo gu es of Pla to 3 8 8 ’ b a b in tro dd b C a 347 A i h a e P lu u s pro ly y , r stop n s t , lu o m e ies o fN ic o c h areS a n d m i l s . c d i h r n N c o p o . ’ Fidelity o i Da m on an d Py Gr A n tiph a n es c o m p oet 3 8 7 h ia h a a Di t s Pyt gore ns . o Lu di C a pito lim n siu s i e i a s in s td y colon z s L ss , . A a N m an a Ha ri ncon , u , t a . Gr c ir Pla to founds A c a em i s ho la t A h e d c c o t ns .

’ E v a o ra s e e a C Cir a a hilis s c m e g g n r l of y C n l of P tu o n A lesan a c o po t . i a e e a m P0 . pr n forc s . struct d t outh of

A i e i b t sia s 3 8 4 r stotl ph los . ea e A e l v s court of rta xerx s .

M Man lius C a pito lin u s 3 8 3 ex ec d a s em a a d gogue . Ma C a rth a n e e a go g g n r l d . R m e a ri u ri o g r sons S t u m .

E p a m in o n d a s Th eba n sta tesm a n ; Dem osth enes b h i ora t . P lip of Ma cedon b e eia . Pl b n Colonies o n A e Po m tin u s g r p .

A ri m Gr a e n e . e e A em i a n u s 3 8 0 stoph n s cor d d T pl of rt s P egyric Isocra tes . A esi o lis n e E e i ed 1) 600 A ri ae o n g p Sparta g neral ph sus fin sh : . st us Con ic S ec d . tion s . 3 7 9

/ ia A en a . Gr Mili a i s im e Gr N ew e ta x a t 8 7 8 Lys s th or t d t t ct c prov d prop rty , b E a m in a an d P y p ond s e A thens . Sa cred Band

lo ida s . a t T e e p h b s .

( 43 ) — B . 0 . 377 366

E W SH C H C H W S PO P L MO E O L T L H J I UR AR , U AR V P I IC A IS T O RY. H S T O . ME T S C T T H I RY N , A AS RO P E S .

3 7 7 8 7 6 i Rom e Volsc a n territory Cyp ru s dftd m a kes peace

e m a e l ie . i h e sia C leo p r n nt y occup d w t P r . Gr m b ro tu s repulsed a t C ith se ron : Ch a bria s a n d A th e

' nis u s dft Spa rt a ns o ff a R m e e N xos . o Cont st of Pleb s v Pa tricia n s under i i C L c nius a n d L Sextus . 8 7 5 R m e — 1 A s o A n archy 37 . Gr C leo m b ro tu s a tta cks c en da n c e a n d y of S xtus T h eba ns in Ph ocis . Vic Licinius trib un es : Ple tory of Sa cred Ba nd a t — b eia m a i a e 371 . T r n g str t s egy a . 8 4 7 Gr Ja son of Ph erae elected Gr Spa rta n s expd from T a h e al ~ gus of T ss y. Boeo tia z Pea ce b etween A h e a n d a a T h e t ns Sp rt . b a e a aea T i ns d stroy Pl t . m o th eu s A h e e e a l , t n g n r , a e a P e sia s t k s Corcyr . r n in v E a i gypt , f l . 3 7 3 n a h H ie Gr Mn a si u s an d a a n Jo t an Pr st so n . pp Sp rt s n il i y Corcyra , fa .

3 7 2 Gr Iphic ra tes com m ands A h e ee t n fl t .

3 7 1 Gr e a t a a . Gr B e a O e m Congr ss Sp rt of L uctr , l o “ ” Pea ce of Ga llia s a o b ro tu s a n d Spa rta ns dftd c epted by a ll sta tes but by E pa m inonda s a n d T h e

T h eb e . T h eb a e a m e r 1) s n supr b ns . Ro Wa Ve m a b e n b vi i es cy gu y ctory of l tr . e a R m e Rea tm t L uctr . o pp ib m il— 3 8 of tr 6 . 3 7 0 Gr E pa m inonda s in vs L a b conia . Spa rta s a ved y sil u s A ge a .

3 6 9 Gr Sparta a n d A th ens a l ie T h b l d v e es .

8 6 8 Rom e M Fu riu s C a m illus C a rth 4th war with Syra i a set 80 e a e e a n d ea e . Gr e d ct tor , p rsu d s cus , P c P lo a i ia ie i a im risd b A e a P tr c ns to y ld . p d s p y l x n

d er e e . O rc h o m e , r scu d e e nus d stroy d . 3 6 7 R m e i m il a i e Gr T ea e Ba e o Tr b bol sh d. rl ss ttl rout O n e Consul h enceforth of A rca dia ns by A rc hi da

eb eia f e O fPraeto r m u s a n d a a . R m e Pl n . O fic Sp rt ns o a n d Curule a n d E dile Ca m illus dits S enon ia n in std ra o i i e a t Alb a . S y D onys us II C lts . — 3 despot 5 6 s o n . 8 6 6 E T e T a K Gr E a m i a in A a ia gyp t os or chos p nond s ch , 4 Gr H ea h i ke 36 . ds p a wa rd ta s Oropus . ed T h e e b e i to b s y P rs a . Rom e L Sextus ls t Ple b eia l n Consu . 44

— B. 0. 365 35 2

E WISH C H C H W S PO P L MO E J UR AR , U AR V H S T O ME T S T ST PH E S ‘ I RY. N , CA A RO .

’ a a an b h e Gr Wa r A a ia 1) E i . Joshu , Jon th s rot r of rc d l s m a e H ie b Ba o s a s d Pr st y g .

a n OI I K— 4 h i in vs A E gyp t N ec t eb 3 6 . Contest of Jo sh u a a n d Jo Gr A rc dam us rca

dia . E ea dftd a t m n a th a n . Josh u a kd . Ba l ns Oly

o s a s in a e e a em ia . T h eb a A e g v d s J rus l . p ns dft l x e h a ae a nder a t Cynosc p l .

Gr n a e a n su Gr B Ma in ea h eb a Dow f ll of Th b of nt , T ns rem a c e sia ea a a a n d Ma i p y. P r D th of dft Sp rt ns nt i A r a xerxe s II followed b n ean s . Pers a n Sa ra ps in t — y t 3 rs i 3 A ia M eb e . y of d sturba nce 5 9 . s r l G en e A Gr ea e m e ia e b Per r G era l P a ce. rca P c d t d y

s n . i a dia n c o n titu tn a d Mes s a . Rom e h ra ssed by sen ia n i e e e e a c Ga —35 8 nd p nd nc uls . c epted . Rom e c ir Q S erv A h a la dfts Ga uls .

— Ma ced Philip II K 336 son Philip of M a ced dits Illy~

. M Perdic c a s . e s ia ia . e h e of III P r r ns B of t on , h i i f Ochna or A rta xerxes III K P l p d ts A henia ns . — t 338 so n . Rom e T rea ies with chief Gr Philip seizes A m ph ipo t — I a ia T ibe 35 1 . lis . ia w ar A h e 7) t l n r s Soc l , t ns h er e e e ie — 35 d p nd nc s 5 . Rom e Victory O f G S u lpi i Petic u s e ea c us , r tr t of Ga uls : revolt of E trusca n w — 1 to ns 35 . r T h b Gr Sa cred Wa , e an s a n d Locria ns v Ph ocia ns — 4 h ia e 3 6 . P oc ns plund r e h ia T em e ra D lp n pl . S y c Successful in va sn of Dion - 35 6.

Rom e G M Rutilus 1 st Ple P ers ia A rta b a zu s revolts in b ei i ra A ia M is e e b h i i a n D cta tor . S y c s , h lp d y P l p — i i 3 Ma e . M srule of D on 5 3 . of c d

Gr Independence of a llies ia a r secured by Soc l W . Ro m e Consuls m ostly Pa — 42 tric ia n s 3 . Rom e A llia nce with Sam Pers ia Victories of A rta ba

i . n tes . zus S a u se A n a — 343 G r h i i ei e Pa a saa yr c rchy . P l p s z s g , b e ie e Me h e s g s t on . a e ae e e e G r hi i c o n s T e a Tyr nts of Ph r xp ll d P l p q h ss ly, is ch eeked at T h erm o pylaa A ia War by th en ns . of i Spa rta v Megalopol s . — B. 0. 365 35 2

BIO GRAPH Y A N D T PH O PO GRA Y.

’ I a e E va o ra s Philip of Ma ced studies a t socr t s g . b M a m i T h e es . C ir F C l

lus d . Pelo pida s Th eban gen era l Ro m e Dra m a in tro dd from 8 6 4

n e h a ae E ia . kd at Cy osc p l . trur

3 6 3 ’ l n i en Gr E pa m inonda s Th eban Xenophon s H e le c a ds . 8 6 2 genera l kd a t victory of

i e e e b b e e . Ma nt nea . l ct d y urg ss s

Gr Callis tra tu s ora tor b a R m e c ir e e n ish ed . o l g nd

’ b e an gen era l Gr Th eo po m pu s H is t . 8 6 0 ‘ in : I san a ea h e g s s s or t , t c s Dion a n d D em osthenes . H erac leides b a ni sh ed from

Th e Ma ced p ha la nx in tro dd by Philip in his Illyria n

Ro me Lex P etilia agst 3 5 8 i e br bery propos d.

H i e a lwri i Dem o critus philos d . p C ir First rh to ric t ngs 8 6 7

o c ra tes m ed C ir O f A i e . H is o ies o p d . Con r stotl t r f tro versy of A ristotle a n d c red Wa r by D em o

e n is th en es . Isocra t s . ph ilu s a d C a ll Rome T a x o n m a na m ia i Ma im m i e e s on . x u nt r st 1 er e 0 p c nt . “ i i S ra c e e ed . r Ale i m i e D onys us of xp ll G x s co c po t . G a b Alexan der t 6 re t . T em ple of E phesus burn t

by E ro stra tu s . ’ ’ Gr I h ic ra tes an d Men e Gr c ir a a e Gr Dem o sth en es O ra t A s t p s Scop s st tu s of , g ’ e e e . e i i i e P A n d ro tio n I a e A n th us pros cut d V nus v ctr x , N ob , y . socr t s A l em e tido s is A e a i ic a s a n d pol o , t pl of , r op g t h A e A t ena lea a t T gea etc . O n the Peac e. i Cir h h Gr Tim otheus ex led . Dem ost en es On t e N a vy 8 5 4

h ea 0. s Xenop on d t 9 Boa rds a n d A gst L ep tin e . Dion of Syra cuse a s sa s s d 3 5 3

by Ca llippus . 2 000 A th en colonists a rrive Ma usoleum of A rtem isia a t Ora torica l contest of Theo 3 5 2

t am . H alic a m s s u s b m n d a a e . a S os a y Scopa s . po pus a N ucr t s ’ Dem osth ene s A gst T im o a e A s A is a es cr t s , g t r tocr t , i m ls t P hilpp ic . Ro e

Gran ts to liquid a te d ebts .

( 47 ) — B. 0. 35 1 338

O L T C S T P I I AL H I O RY.

Jews h elp revolt of Sidon E gyp t c ir In va sn of A rtax a e ia erxes wh o is dftd b gst P rs . III , y n a N ec ta eb o . P ersi Revolt O f Cyprus an d Ph oenicia e e suppr ss d . 8 5 0 i B i Gr A e ia i i a t C r ook of Tobit . Jer cho th n ns v ctor ous

a e b e ia T am n se. R me Ga t k n y P rs ns . y o uls b encam p o n A l a n Mt.

8 49 Gr Olynthus a tta cked by i i a h e A h e Ph l p , sks lp of t ns . Rom e Ca m illus Cra ssus f ul d ts Ga s . 48 m e G M R i lst Ple i i ie e 3 Ro ut lus Ph l p b es g s Olynthus . i T h be a n Censor . rea ty wit ’ Ga rth rivets Rom e s hold e a i ov r L t ns . Olynthus destroyed by

hi i C ir r Rev o lt O f C P l p . y

prus put down by Phocion . 8 46 E gyp t a Persia n sa tra py Ga rth Wa r with Dionysius — i 32 Gr i i a t i i 4 . t ll 3 . Ph l p II in S c ly 3 0 E gyp t h ea d of A m phictyonic rec o n qd by A r ta xerxes 11 1

o e. S ra c i i h o ill h A i C nn y D onys us w k s t e bull p s . — 43 i reestab d 3 . G il e i II r Ph p ov rruns Phoc s .

E a rth q in Ca m pa nia .

3 44 S icily H ic eta s an d , a nti Dionysian pa rty n egotia te i h Ga h w t rt . 8 48 Rome Allia nce with Fa le T im oleon a n d Corinth ia ns

ii l E ia b e . a e S ra c R m e lst r : a l S trur su j ct t k y . o a T im e e e a m i e Wa r— 341 S yr c ol on r stor s S n t , suc ' e es i e M repub go vm t ; d pos S cess s of V Corvus . — 4 cilia u despots 3 0. ’ ’ 8 42 Gr Ph ilip s exp edition to T h a e m e M in r c . Ro ut y a n d i i e S ra c r s ng of Pl bs . y C a rth a gn s dftd by Tim e im leon on th e C r esu s .

41 i Gr i i e ie e S el m 8 Ja ddua H Pr est so n . Ph l p b s g s y ia e i h a n d B br , P r nt us y za n tiu m — 3 40 Gr c ir Rise of ZEto lia n Rom e La ti n Wa r 338 : vic m e a i ie a t th e Ves eris an d Lea gue. Ro L t n tor s

a di e T rifa n u m . Le gue ssolv d. 8 8 9 Rom e Pu bliliu s Ph ilo dicta Gr Successes of Phocia n h e a i em e th e A h e ia n a h ili tor . Furt r br dg nt t n gst P p i i i e e in T a e of Pa tr c an pr vil g s hr c .

300. r 1) ia h ili 8 3 8 Gr Philip sum m ons con Gr Wa Locr ns , P p e a t i h P e sia dfts A h e ia a n d T h e gr ss Cor nt . r t n ns — Wa r an a t h ae ea . A rses K 336 so n . Rome b s C ron e a e a e ia N ew in c o rp o ra tio n o fLa tin d cl r d gst P rs .

m Mae i dfts a i . cities . Ro e n us L t ns ’ S yrac Tim oleon s trea ty i Ga h w th rt .

( 48 ) 4— B. 0. 35 1 338

BIOGRAPH Y A N D ‘ B C . P PH . T O O GRA Y.

’ ‘ r s in e Cir erm e E i Rom e C aa e a civita s H og n es Ionic Gr r nna p oetess . De 8 5 1 ’ T em ple of Bac chu s a t m o s th en es F or th e Rho e ia ns T os . d .

* Lais c o urtezan a t Corin th . Cir Persia n art of s ilk 3 5 0 wea v ing a t Cos ; S icyon ia n s cho ol of p a in tin g un der

am philu s . ’ Dem osthenes A get Midias ; 3 49 l n i a i n s — 4 O y th a c Or t o 3 8 .

“ Gr H erac lides an d A lec 3 48 " e s R m e ea tryon p o t . o Tr ty with Ga rth O ldest extan t i m L a t n docu ent .

a h i 1131; 8 1 . A ri u si s G x Pl to p los d Spe ppu succ eeds r A n a a n d rides c o m p oet .

s to tle ea e A h e . a h e A R me Ma im m in ere l v s t ns t t ca de my. o x u t st er 5 p cent . ’ Gr Phocia n cities destroyed Gr Dem osth enes On the ’ ’ b r er A m i n . P ea e I c a es Phili y o d of ph ctyo s c . so r t p

“ Gr Lycu rgu s a n d Hyperi 3 45 ” d es A h e a t n or tors . Gr 2 nd P h ilipp ic of De 8 44

m o s th en es .

Dionysius II retires to C c Gr D em osthen es an d E s 8 48 ’ rin th O e a . i e On th e E m bas s , p ns boys school ch n s y. ’ S yra c Tim oleon s dem o a i cr t c code .

E i i b A ri ’ p curus ph los , Isocra te s P a n a thena ic o ra 8 42 s to tle e e A e a io — 33 R m e In e e l ctur s to l x n t n 9 . o t r st er in h m d t e h ae m . i en b L x G n c ia Ny p u forb dd y e e u . Me a n nder corn ed b . Philip e i eir r bu lds S tag a .

’ A i e s ho l Sta Gr em e e O n T h e 8 4 r stotl s c o D osth n s 1. ei a g r . Ro me Form a tion C hers o nesu s ; 3 rd an d 4th

of a fleet . ’ R m e e e e i Gr c ir E n c a u s ic a in in E s d o L g nds of D c us, t p t g phorus H i to ry en s . n d Ma i a nl us T o rqu a tu s in tro dd by Pa nsie s of Sic

A n axa n drides Gk c rn ed . o n o d y . Xenocra tes succeeds Speu Rome L eg es Pu blilice ex 8 8 9

si u s a t th e A a em e din i e s. pp c d y. t n g r ghts of pl b

I a es a ks A socr t or t hf. rta e e kd b Ba o a s x rx s III y g . T im oleon a priva te citiz en a t ra c - Sy 336 . A n tiu m a a i i e b m g n colon z d y Ro e. Volscia n a n d Cam pan ia n wn s n i e — 32 to colo z d 8 .

( 49 ) — B. C . 337 327

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V E S T S T H E M NT , C A A RO P S .

Rom e Pu blilPhilo 1 st Ple eia ae e e a i b n Pr tor . F d r t on of Ita lia n Gks un der Alex a n er th e Molossia n — d 3 32 . M a ced A lexa nder th e Grea t — K 32 3 (founds MAC E D E MP) ch osen generalissim o e by congr ss a t Corinth . P ersia D a rius III [Godo m n n — 3 1 a u s] K 3 . Ma ced A lexan der m arches l a gst T hr a cian s . Revo t of Gk a e a A e a e st t s gst l x nd r. H e e r e e d st oys Th b s .

A lexan der crosses H elles df i pont , ts Pers a ns at

Gra nicus . Cyp ru s tra nsfers its alle A lexa nder dfts Da rius a t B

ia n c e M a e . Is su e g to c d of . E gyp t divided into 2 no Colon y of S a m a rita ns A lexa nder t akes Tyre an d

m a rc h ies b Ale a e b u t e i th e e a i b Ga a e e E . y x nd r , s nt nto Th b d y z ; r duc s gyp t i h A e a a llowed its own l a ws a n d A lexan der . Rom e Trea ty w t l x n i 2 e d er th e M ia h m rel gion . Rome 9 Trib s . oloss n , w o

th e L u c a n ia n s dft. C ir L egenda ry visit of A lex A lexa nder d fts D a rius at an e e a em A b e a a n d Ga a m e a d r to J rus l . r l ug l O f Ba b surrender ylon . A gis of Spa rta dftd by

A n tipa ter I .

M a ced E mp Go vm t tra ns A lexa nder pursues Bessu s

Ba ia . R m e Re ferred to Susa in Ba b . to ctr o volt ern u m P ersia Pre en sion s of Bes o f Fun di a n d Priv . — t su e 32 9 .

A e a u e Bessu s lexa nd r c pt r s , f s h ia R m e Pri d t Scyt ns . o

vern um reduced .

A lexan der c o n qs Sogdian a .

A lexan der reduc es Indi a 2 a h e m h 3 5 , re c s out s of m e ie e Pa Indus . Ro S g of lseo o lis wh a e 2n d p , c us s m i —304 Sa n te War . — B. 0. 337 327

IN VE NT IO N S , DISC O

E R S C E C E A R T . V IE S , I N ,

A lexa nder a n d Olym pia s

' l h - T im oleon libera tor of Sicily Prygo te es t e gem eu T h eo po m pu s H ist ends . ’ ili O f Ma e C ir e -Sc la x s Pe i d . Ph p c don Ps udo y r a ia In a ssa s sd by P usa n s . terview of Alexa nder a n d o s ks A e Diogenes . Ba g a rs s ; s enth ron es C o do m a n n u . Gr c ir P a in tings an d s ta C ir—322 Chief works of tu a r E u ra n o r a t i — h i H is o y of ph A r stotle E t cs, t f

A h e . A e le a t e a n i a n n M ela t ns p l s P ll , A ma ls , Org o , a in A e a e A h ro h si s P li i E c o n o p ts l x nd r, p p y c , o t cs , i e A a m e e etc . m i he i P e i s . d t n dyo n cs , R tor c, o t c Ch ora gic m onum ent of Lysic ra tes in C orin thia n l A i th e sty e . r stotle a t e m P e i a Lyc u , founds r p tetic p h ilo sop h y a n d N a t H is e e i t , p rf cts Log c . * Rom e founds fortress of Protogen es of Rhodes Mem Rh e a in e i a A le Ga e . e . l s non of od s p t r, r v l of p l s e a Persia n gen ra l .

Mem non d before Mitylene .

‘ A e a e th e M ia T h e ro ws u e in a rt in tro dd e a c o m e l x nd r oloss n g q St ph nus p o t. a ssa ssd . A e a ia b A n ti hilus an E tn . l x ndr found y p , gyp A e h Gt ed by lexa nd r t e .

’ ’ E sc h in es banished from Gr c ir Pra xiteles sta tu es E ech in es ora tion a gst ’ A h e . a i kd b E a i ia e i h n em e e t ns D r us III y of ros , S tyr , Cn d n Ct s p o , D osth n s " Be e . h e e A h r i e A l S a u ro c e C a . h i em s ns P ryn court p od t , po lo d oron P l on ’ ’

za n a i e e m e . etc . L si u s s ta n s N ew me , Pr x t l s od l tonos y pp fou d Co dy. u e O f A l n e er t s exa d r, H

cul es etc . e a e ex e a m e i A l x nd r cs P r n o , i R m h s gen era l . o e c olo i n izes T e rra cina . V tru viu s Va c c u s a a m d , l st ch i i ee m p on of La t n fr do . A lexa n der m Ro xa n a R m e Gr c ir n v . o Lysistra ta s i ts m fo un ds fo rtress o fFregellse. oulds for cas tin g of wa x u e fig r s .

Ale an e ks his ri en I n ia a e n o w exi x d r f d d 7 c st s st . i Cl tu s .

( 5 1 ) — a c . 326 315

W S PO P LA MO E AR , U R V H ST O ME N T S C T ST O PH E S I RY. , A A R .

8 2 6 I n ia T a i a ab df d A e d x l s K of Punj Porus t by lexa nd r . bm i Ale a e a a a a a e su ts to x nd r , lso S ng l t k n :

u . K Por s prisoners . 8 2 5 Gr H arpa lus inci es A th e Rom e S am ni e war carried t —t n ian s a A e a e . in A ia 32 2 gst l x nd r to pul . 8 2 4 Ro m e E m bassy to A lexan

der th e G t.

“ M a ced E mp divided a m on g La om edon Gr La m ian War a gst ’ — A lexa nder s genera ls ; Ph i Ma ced 32 2 ; Leo sth en es li A r rh ideeu s m i a K df s An i a er p no n l t t p t . ha lf- broth er; Perdic c a s re —3 21 Ma c e G o d gent . ; d r g v

by A ntipa ter a n d C ra teru s . E gyp t Dyn a sty of Ptolem ies Gr B of C ra n n o n a n d sub b e n b em a i m i i i i k gu y Ptol y I [L g ] ss on O a ll ed G s . — 30 2 M e 6 8 3 . a c e Perdic c a s c o n s gov rnor , K d q M a e Per i i i R m u c d d c c a s a sp res Ca ppa doc a . o e S e em i e e e a bi Max to p r . c ss s of Q F us , e e a i am i d sp r t on of S n tes .

i e e Wa M a ed n a a On a s H Pri st so n . J ws rs of c s tr ps e is em a m Perdic c a s i r s t Ptol y I . r y of jo ns m A m Pto lem y L a gi. Ro e r y spa red by th e Sa m nite C i G i m Pont us a t a ud u . 8 2 0 Ma e E m A n i a e re E ia n e Ni an A n i a 1) E m en e c d p t p t r gypt ns u d r c or t gonus w rs u s , e — 31 k h m v a m n g nt 8 (sa tra ps A sia M t a e Jerusa lem on t e Ptole y L o edo . i n A rrh id eeu s a b e a i n Cl tus a d ; B b S a b a th . D port t o of e em u d eea u n Sel ucus ; E gyp t Ptol y Jews . J a i u s ia n a A i d er th e em ie — 203 L g S nt gonus) . Ptol s . In Gr ZE tOlia n League ex e its t nds power . 3 1 9 I n dia n provinces of A lexa n Ro m e Successes of L Pa pi

d r i i a a m ni e . e recover ndependence . r us Cursor gst S t s 8 1 8 Ma e E m Po l s e rc h o n a i i n em C a s c d p y p Co l t o of Ptol y, e e a a e an e a n d A i v r g nt ; C ss nd r son of s d r , nt gonus A i a e h i ia h P o Po l s erc h o n a n d E m e nt p t r c l rc . n y p , u tu s in d e Mi i a e n es i a ei e Pi p ; thr d t s I . N c nor s z s K—3 02 3 1 T i ee R m e T e wi h . Rom e r bes . r ns . o ruc t — 1 Sa m nites 3 6 . 8 1 7 Gr A thens pl a ced by C a s War of Ga rth 1) Syrac u se sa nder under D em etrius 306 . a us e A Ph a lereu s . S yr c ga th o c les e — 2 89 d spot . M a c ed E mp A ntigonus rules E um en es given u p by h is A ia a ire E m A i s , sp s to p of troops to nt gonus . Suc A e a e a a e e e O f a a e in l x nd r . C ss nd r c ss s C ss nd r — e I n 2 . i R m e a m rul s lVa c ed a d Cir 98 Ma cedon a . o S i e r e e n t Wa r new d . S ia h n en n e b a i i ele yr Pyt o thro d y Co l t on of S ucus, Pto A n i n u lem a a e a n d L t go s . y, C ss nd r , y sim a c h u s agst A ntigonus ; w r— 1 1 a 3 . Rome Fabius

dftd a t Lau tulse.

— B. 0. 314 302

O H I ST RY.

u A i e A n tigon us m a ster of J d sea . nt gonus wr sts Tyre a n d h oe i ia m em P n c fro Ptol y. Rom e D efea t of Sa m nites a t Cinna .

e in e in Ale a ia B a b Media ia a a n d 8 1 2 S eleucu s N ic ato r b g s Jews settl x ndr . Sus n 1 Kdm of S eleu c id ce in In Persia reduce d by Seleu — 2 R m e A . E em i n er A sia 80. o pp cus gyp t Ptol y d ts a i e en fra n em e i a t Ga a a n Cl ud us c nsor D tr us z ,

n ex es . R m e Re c hises th e excluded cla sses . Cyp rus o ca pture of F regellse an d a m a m i e Nol fro S n t s . Ma ced E mp Peace con Ro m e E xploit of Bubulcus a m i m E cluded b etw A n tigonus in S n u . trusca ns

i a m i e a e. a n d Satraps . jo n S n t c us

Wa r of Ptolem y v A ntigo n A i nus i s a M a n d Gr . Rom e F a bius successful a E a i gst trusc ns , v ctory of u s La ke Va dim o . S yra c e A a h e dftd a t Him e a g t ocl s r , n A i i v s fr ca . Rom e L Pa p Cursor a n d Sp C a rv iliu s a m i e dft S n t s . Rom e E trusca ns S u e fo r ea c e a b i p . F us dfts Sam A lli nites a t dae. Gr Dem etrius Po lio rc etes Cir Scyth ian in va sn of restores dem ocra cy in Ca ledonia ? A e an d ei a e th ns , r nst t s h in E i Pyrr us p rus . A fter B of Sa la m is A ntigo Cypru s lost to E gypt by a im s i e o i s ea -fi h t Off a la m is nus cl t tl K ; so g S , wh ere em e e L em e i dfts em do Ptol y, S l ucus , y D tr us Ptol y.

im a c h u s an d a a e . A i i s , C ss nd r nt gonus va nly in vs i a ea -u M C E D E a u se F n l br k p of A gypt . Syr c Pea ce E MP i h . w t Ga rth .

’ Dem etrius unsuccessful ie e R e T s g of hod s . rea ty b etw S eleucus a n d th e In ia a R m e d n S ndrocottus . o Po stu m iu s routs Sam n ites

a t Bo via n u m . Rom e Increa se o f terri tory Dem etrius dfts Ca ssa nder 2 n d am i e Wa r T h m by S n t . a t er opylae ; reduces G ee e— m e r c 302 . Ro Pea ce concluding 2 n d Sam nite War . Rom e T erritory of ZEqu i n d i e a Ma rs a nnex d . Pon tu s Mith rida tes II K Ly sim a chus reduces A sia

2 66 c ir so n . , Minor . Ptolem y c o n qs h oe i ia n P n c a d Syria .

1 Th s k n m wh c h n o c h b do o f ec a m e th e c a al w llb e h en c e o h e e ed to as S r Kd m . i i g , i A ti pit , i f rt r f rr y ( 5 4 ) t w 31424302

Grea t fleet of A n tigonus Fortresse s founded in A p u

tic ula u ess a Ca pua , S a , S

colonized by Rom e . r E dm 2 a a ie Cir H ec a taau s ex lr e U R m e Ri e uris u d en e S y of 7 s tr p s , p o s p o s ofj p r c , i ie O f A i h e e ia er E i i Mem n o e r h e ri u n er A c t s nt oc , S l uc , p gyp t, v s ts p o t y, r to c d pp

A a m ea a i ea un e a ius . p , L od c fo d d Cl ud n ec tin g — 308 A nc e a l m n u . str o f A pp Cla udius in

Tem ple of Bellon a . Roxan a an d youn g A lexan

der kd by C a ssa n der .

’ Rome Bubulcus Tem ple to Gr c ir Dem etrius Ph alereu s — 302 . hils h his Sala s on p o op y, to ry, o v m e etc g ern nt .

C arviliu s erects c olos sa l Jupite r o n th e Ca pitol .

Dem etriu s Ph alereus lea ves Cir Zeno p h ilo s fou n ds Ind ia T h e Book A ttha h a fterw e m ka ha A t ens b co es S toic s cho o l. t ? i librar a n to Ptolem y I .

ir E i Gr Ph ilo c h o ru s is C p cu rus set 35 tea ches h tn . ’ A R m e C n a i s a len p hilo sop hy a t thens . o Fl v u C da r o o u D a an d f C rt ys ,

F ormu lae. 7 3 1 2 .

Rebuildi n g of Thebes c o m Gr Th e H elep o lis siege-en

leted . a i Gelliu s in em l p St t us , g e of D etrius Po io r

a m i e en era a R m a e e . Ro m e a in i S n t g l , o n c t s P t ng s of priso n er . F a b ius Pictor in Tem ple u of Sa l s .

Rom e D egra da tion of th e 4 i t i e b a i c ty r b s y Q F b us .

A n Gr axippu s c o m poet .

r E i u s exile Ro me c ir Via a e ian a b e Py rhus K of p r d , V l r m da u gh t of K Ptolem y 2 6 A i ks Mi h 9 . nt gonus t rid a tes I . Dem o c h ares

( 5 5 ) — B. 02 301 289

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V H S T O ME T S C T ST O PH E I RY. N , A A R S .

I L s im a aea e E I : im a h s A ft er B of psus y Jud und r gypt . B of psus Lys c u ch us receive s A s ia M ; S e a n d Seleucus dft A n tigo e C a a ia M es n u s an d em e i l ucus pp doc , o D tr us. E a b p ota m ia etc . gyp t oen ic ia sorb s P h . Rom e Socia l struggle en ds C ir Sim on th e Just H Priest e eia so n : e a i e in fa vour of Pl b ns. J ws p tron z d Seleucus .

— Ma ced Gr Ph ilip N K 2 97 Rom e 3rd Sam n ite War s a e 2 90 : E ia etc ea e o n of Ca ss nd r . trur ns l gu i ni w th S am tes . Gr A thenian s refuse to re i M a c e c eive D em etr us . d Kdm di vided b etw A n tipa ter a n d Alexan der broth ers — 2 94. E i u s res td R me a a es am n iu m p r K Pyrrhus , o r v g S , m i i a i a E i exten ds his do n ons . but G ll n gna t us m a e i E ria rch s nto tru . De m etriu s e i e A h e b s eg s t ns . D em etrius Pol expels L a Rom e G a uls a n d Um b ria ns

r s fro m A th en s . M a e in a m i e e i i e c h a e c d jo S n t s . D c s v A ntipa ter a n d Alexa nder victory of Decius a n d Eu i e th e broth ers d sput suc biu s Ma x a t Sen tin um . — 2 4 cession 9 . C yp ru s h enceforth a tta ch ed E M a e Gr D e to gypt . c d — r m etri u s Pol K 2 87 . S y E d m Seleucus gives Upper A sia to his so n A n tioch us . Rom e L Papiriu s Cur sor dfts a m i e S n t s .

Rome Sam n ites dft Fa biu s G e i urg s . V ctory of Fa

biu s Max .

hri a e II I an E i im Pon tus Mit d t s lea z a r H Pr est brother . Lys achu s dftd by th e a a ia a n d se n exes C pp doc Get . Paphlagoni a .

’ Rom e Sa m niu m m a de a Ma ced Dem etriu s futile

b e a l in v a sn E i . R m e su j ct l y. of p rus o Sa m nit es conclude pea ce wi M C uriu s th Den ta tus . Syra c Hic etas expel s Mae Schools of A n tigon u s So

n o n u es as ae ae . , r l Pr tor ch us

2 78 .

( 5 6 ) — B . C . 301 289

I E T O S NV N I N , DISCO VE RIE S S C E C E A RT , I N , .

’ ’ A n i kd a t B I . C ir G an hils A a d . Gr Hie m a ia t gonus of psus r tor p o c rony us of C rd s o ] , ' * im a h m A i e h i r ia n . G a ls t Lys c us rs no , sto r ntor

d a u h t em . m m e a o n a g of Ptol y co nt tor Pl to ,

e li m R m e . e O n G ie s o c olon iz ed fro o wrot r f.

E gyp t c ir Disc overies of Gr c ir S a cred M emoirs of 8 0 0 E i m a th em a t o E em e O f Me e e ucl d ; cott n uh rus ss n .

a e a t its a m é. R m e R m e O u ln ia n L a w tr d c o o g , Pon c ir Via Fla m inia connect tific a te a n d A ugurship in R m e wi a n ia O en to Pleb S g o th N r . p . Na rn ia c olon iz ed from Rom e; Seleucu s m Stra tonice da u gh t of D em e triu s ; founds A n tioch on e a s S r a i a Oront s y c p t l . ’ A lex c ir Ptolem y s Museum 2 9 8 or College with Professors a n d a la rge Library. C ir A n tipa ter m E u rydice d a u h t im h g of Lys a c us . A lexa nder m Lysa n dra da u h m g t of Ptole y.

Ro m e Bron ze wolfof C a pitol A lex D em etrius Phal li 2 9 6 set u b th e O u ln ii a tian 7 a n d p y g . br ( ) professor .

A ntipa ter ks his m other Rome Tem ple Ven u s

T h e a i a . e i A i e ss lon c Publ D c us phrod t . Mu s kd a t B of Sen tin u m coa st fortresses of Min

tu rn se an d Sin u es sa . Ma ced Gr c ir A lexa nder kd b em e i A n i a e y D tr us , t p t r b im h y Lys a c us. Lysa n dra m A g a thocles son O f

‘ Ma ny Sa m nite town s o b Rome Colossa l Jupiter an d Gr A pollodoru s i e a e b R m an h e e S a es a N ew C o m e l t r t d y o s . ot r bronz t tu c st dy. m am i e il fro S n t spo s . su n dia lset up by L Pa piriu s

Cursor. Gr Din arc h u s A en a Rh e b th or t Colossus of od—s y C h a 2 9 2 e m e i e . R m e r turns fro x l o res an d Laches 280. i am n i e e e C Pont us , S t g n ' ra lea eed . Venusia colonised from Rom e Via A ppia exten ded R m e Me k m . an e G c o e ia o n d r to V nus . e d po t .

Rh ia n A rt fl Crr em et i s c e e a e 2 9 0 od school of . D r u l br t s C ir 2 n d A a em e n h ia am e a t A e c d y b gu Pyt n g s th ns . b y A rcesila u s .

Rom e foun ds fortress of Cir Ga llia s of Sicily writes 2 8 9

is . S ra c A a e Po sidi y g thoc l s Roma n H is tory . p “ is on e b a n o c o m . p o d y . pus p oet ium i i a i a e in e Tr v r c p t l s td .

( 5 7 ) — B . 0 . 288 276

W S PO P LA Mo a AR , U R v

H ST O . ME T S C T ST O PH E I RY N , A A R S .

2 8 8 M a ced Gr Coa lition of powers agst Dem etrius

P01.

2 87 Ma e Gr i i e b etw em in a Gr s c d d v d d Ptol y v , Pyrrhu — Lysim a ch us K 28 1 an d an d Lysim a ch us in v

h . m e i Pyrrhus K 7 m on t s Ma ced . De tr us Pol dethr oned : Lysim a chu s expels his collea gue Pyrr

h u s .

E gyp t Ptolem y Ph iladel Cir Com m en c em en t of th e Rom e Rising of Tarentines n a i E n i m r ph u s so n a sso c d in go vm t. Septua gint tra sl t on trusca ns a d Celt c e

2 a a ie . i 77 . c n r s S cyth a n s in v h Bosp orus .

‘ 2 8 4 IEto lian lea gu e a gst M a ced . S a dok pupil of A n tigonu s Rom e Defea t of Metellus a t i b A e i m a M i il Ma m e e e a e . Ra e a S c y rt n s st founds sect of S a dduce s . rr t u v g s of

h em a t Me a a . m ertin es in N E i il t s ss n S c y.

E gyp t Ptolem y II [Phila d el Do la bella dits E trusca n s h s K— 2 4 so n m e n d e a im p u ] 7 . Ro a C lts t L ake Va d o . E ia e i a nn exes trur . C lt c i e e m tr bes exp ll d fro Ita ly.

Rom e Fa bricius saves Thu m h n i from t e Lu c a an s .

Ma e Gr e eu Nic a to r B C o ru edio n L sim a c d S l cus of p , y — 2 0 h d n K 8 . c us ftd a d kd by S e T a m i leucus . rentu a ded by Pyrrhus in wa r with R m e Rh e i m h b o . g u eld y Ca m pa n ian m utineers

2 7 1 . 2 8 0 Ma c ed Gr Ptolem y C era u Ma ced Gr In v a sn of Celts ; K— 2 S r E d m Pto l C era u n u s dftd an d nus 79 . y m r h A ntioch us I [Soter] K kd . Ro e Wa v rr u s 2 61 so n R m e A i a n d I a ia ri b e — 2 74 . o pp us t l n t s Cla udius refuses th e term s defeat of L sevin u s n ea r H er c leia of Pyrrhus . a .

Ma e Gr e i a a Ma c ed Gr A an e e s c d P r odof n rchy dv c of C lt . — 2 7 7 ; A scenda ncy of Sos Rom e Pyrrhus win s B of th en es m e ea i h A s u l m . Ro L gue w t c u . Ga h a rt gst Pyrrhus . Ga uls in S Gr : repulsed a t

e hi . h in i i D lp Pyrr us S c ly . Ma ced Gr A n tigon us GO Ptolem y II Shews favour Pyrrh us seiz es C a rth a gn — a a K 2 3 . Ga la i h e e in i il . R m e n t s 9 t a t J ws . towns S c y o p eopled by fugitive Celtic Ca pture of Croton a n d

trib es . Locri. Gr Growth of A c h sean Rom e Pyrrhu s besieges Li

ea lb seu m . L gu e. y

( 5 8 ) — P. C. 288 276

“ BIO GRAPHY A N D H TO PO GRAP Y.

Can alfrom L Velim u s cut 2 8 8

b M C u riu s en a s . y . D t tu

a ee R me Rem i i n eb Str to succ ds o ss o of d ts . T h e h a i op r stus ph los d .

em e iu a e e R m e H e ian L a w 2 8 6 D tr s Pol t k n by S o ort ns . e s em a i iso e eb i i a i in o n a ll l ucu , r ns pr n r , Pl sc t b nd g

In 2 8 i i e . d 3 . c t z ns Pto l C era u n u s e e e la ea xe C ir e R m a e i a h 2 8 5 ld st son L ngth of so r y r fi d Old st o n p t p , ’ ’ t em i i h e i e b i iu an i i u of P ol y I d s n r t d , y D onys s C on L Sc p o s (cons l o fL seeks cou rt ysim a ch u s .

E gyp t c ir A ristarchus of Sam os gues ses tha t th e ’ u h e e s n is the ea rt s c nt r . Rom e In tro d n of silver

pla te . E U e em II A lex em a n i e 2 8 8 gypt nd r Ptol y , Ptol y II p tro z s h e o n h a Gk i e a e n o lig thous P ros l t r tur , Ze d o tu n i e em e I i E h e ib a ia fi sh d ; T pl of s s p sus L r r n , hi es be n a a ro lls in L b on P l gu ; c n l i rary. un iting Nile an d Red Sea l po rt of A rsin o e. Lysim ac hus in stig a ted by ' A rsinoe a n d C era u n us ks his so n A a e g thocl s . Rom e lea rn s art

’ C era u n u s ks S eleucus Nica E gyp t c ir Wa ter clo ck an d A lex c ir 25 0 E uclid s 2 8 0 ’ m h is h a i e A i wa e en ine C tesibiu s : Ge m e r C te s ibiu s H tor , lf s st r rs t r g s of o t y ; y ’ ’ n o e im a h i E a i t a u n e dr o s ta tic s A a u an d Pe (Lys c us w dow) , r s s r tus fo d r of ; r t s

ks h er . Sh e m Pto m e ic h l G r c ir a in to s iri s A r n o m sons d sc oo . P t on st o y ; ’ lem II . C in ea s in Pam hilus an d e e i C al y Pyrrhus gs of p Po try of Th ocr tus , a m b a a R m e M a n i lim h n d Ph ilce a s . e . ac u s a t ss dor to o l th us , ; h i h t e i b . T e ual iti i m H o C rys ppus Sto c xt cr c s . of a i e e t Pr x t l s sculp or d . C Fa b ricius in th e cam p of

Pyrrhus .

2 7 8

Metro do ru s e p ic u r p hilo s d .

’ E a en es eo r a r Ro me E e a in tro dd in C DBero su s H is to Cha ldd a 2 7 6 r tosth g g , st on l ph nts f ’ b a t C u riu s ium in Gk. Cyrene. tr ph.

( 5 9 ) — B . 0. 275 261

EWISH C H CH W S PO P L MO E J UR AR , U AR V

H ST O . ME TS C T ST O PH E S I RY N , A A R .

S ra c Hie n ae A i h e i Ga y ro Pr tor nt oc us Sot r d ts uls . 2 7 h a a in in I a Pyrr us g t ly, dftd b y Curins nr Bene M d ven tu m . ac e n ga rri ex d m Gk i ie sons p fro c t s .

2 7 4 Ma ed Gr A n i n u s ex u ei Ma e n c t go Pyrrh s s zes c do . elled b h — 2 2 p y Pyrr us 7 . R m e a i h E o Tre ty w t gypt . Ma e Gr A i n re d c d nt go u s st . Pyrrhus helps Cleo n ym u s ei e a ta is re to s z Sp r , e R m e e e T a puls d . o s cur s ’ a m b Mi h rent y lo s trea c ery. Rom e Rh egium t a ken from C am pan ia n m utineers .

2 7 0 Syrac H iero II elec ted K of S icily Defea t of Mam er — S i il 2 1 5 . i e b H ie c y t n s y ro .

r 1 Pi — Rome Wa ) c eni 268 .

2 6 8 A thens taken by A n tigon u s

Go n a ta s . Rom e a cquires Salen tu m a n d B i iu m rund s . Revolt of Cyrene a gst E gyp t : Pto lPh ilad m a s sa cres 4000 G a uls ; M a c ed A ntigonus dfts Alexa nder E i of p rus . me ae Ro 8 Qu stors . Mam er Rom e Q Fa bius Max quells i e e ei e in Italn Vo lsinian i i t n s r c v d to r s ng. nf a co eder cy.

Rome A pp Claudiu s helps Mam e i e in M rt n s essa na , h ence lst Punic Wa r

2 41 . Ma ga s of Cyrene fa ils E 1) gypt . — 2 6 3 Perga m E u m en es I K 241 M ValMaxim us dits C a r

n e hew. th a n s d r n s p g an Sy a c . H iero

becom es a Rom an a lly.

R m e dfts Ga h in i o rt S cily, a A ri en t m t kes g g u .

E dm A n i u s II Cir Man a s es ie bro S Kdm War v Ga a ian s r t och s H Pr st r l t , — 4 2 6 so n he . ia n i i e h i n tio c h u s e dft a n . t r Syr c t z ns p Sot r d d i en e b A n i kd g v to J ws y t o . h c us II .

( 60 )

260— 246

W S PO P L MO AR , U AR VE

H ST O . ME T T ST O PH E I RY N S, CA A R S .

’ 2 6 0 Cir Reign of A soka in I n dia Rom e Du iliu s n ava l victory - 2 3 M lse 0. o ff y .

Rom e L Scipio rava ges S a r ’ — dinia a n d Corsica 2 5 8 capture of Ma lta .

Rom e Dra wn B 1) Ga rth o fi T n da ris y . Gr A ra tus frees A thens ; Rom e wins grea t s ea -figh t h i A c h se e E c n o m u s : Re in v s s e jo ns an Leagu . of gulus A i a a ke T i fr c , t s un s . C hin a w a a R m e e ea a n d a e Cho dyn sty f lls . o D f t c ptur Gr A c h eea n L ea gue elects of Regulus by Xa n th ip Ma rcus of C eryn ea a s pus : fleet destroyed by m stra tegus . stor s . n m u Rom e Ca pture of Pa or s . S yr Kdm Revolt of Par ia an d Ba ia th ctr .

Rom e lst Plebeia n Pont Rom e Fleet again destroyed b m Ma x . y stor s . Rom e C A urelius Cotta Rom e A urelius successful 12

Ga h in i i . cons . rt S c ly — Gr i ake b A a Bithyn c ir Zeila s K 2 28 S cyon t n y r tus , so n r— 2 40 A h aea i e in A h aea L ea . G c n nclud d c n me Me e dfts L ea gue used by A r a tus to gu e . Ro t llus H a at an m u ch eck M a ced ; in cludes a sdru b l P or s . S i n etc cyo . Ba ctria c ir Kdm founded by T h eodotus th e Syria n — a K 2 3 . P a h ia Sa tr p , 7 rt — A rsa c es I K 2 48 fou n ds n a s of A rsa c idse dy ty — A D 2 5 5 2 5 3 . Rom e Cla udius dftd o fi Dre ’ pa num ; Jun ius fleet Sh ip e a e o i E wreck d ; C ptur ryx .

F a rth T irid a tes [A r sa c es II] Rom e besieges Libyb aeu m — 2 3 a n d Dre an u m . K 2 1 1 broth er . 5 p

2 1 6 . E gyp t Ptolem y III [Bu erge Sicilia n towns retaken by — — 42 222 hew H am i c ar Ba c a 2 . tes] K n ep . l r

C hin a Ch e H wan g -te lst On ia s II H Priest so n H am ilca r ra vages Ita lian

m n a . War o f E 1) universa l E p eror Sim o . co st gypt

r Kdm e e ria . 2 1 0. S y S l ucus Sy — 2 [C allinic u s] K 2 6 son .

( 62 ) “ Rom e ls t fleet of qu -in qu e Lycophron of Ch a lcis a u a di h o f th e x a bo r ng t or A le a n d r . Rom e Buria ls within n a rostra ta

th e Spartan

Cir T M Plau tu s La t c o m e b po t .

Bedam n s S o sib iu s gra m ma ria n of L a ph a n es p h ilo ss conia n o w fa vorite of Pto l ’ trin es of P la to s Rep ublic a t Cyren e.

Re l h is of gu us , Rh o dius ep i

ea . o u r hilo s d th p .

" A n tiochus II divorces L a o Cir H era clitus of H alic a r 2 49 i e m Be en i u h t s il h d c , r c e da g n a s u s a n d Ph o s tep a ’ Pto lPhila d n u s e e e of . of Cyr n p o ts . Rom e ls t Lu di Secu la res

’ Nym ph is H is t of H era clea

ends . A lex under Ptolem y — ’ u I A pollonius Rh o diu s E i th e A a p c on rgon uts, e E a h e e e a h n d E ratosthen s . r tost n s g ogr p a is t h n , A ristoph a nes gra nt m a i a n a n d lib a r r rian , A i m a th em a t pollon us . ’ A n tiochu s II poison ed by Ch e H wa n g-te s palac e E u ph a n tu s of Olynthus a i e : e e h er - - 1 s tem i in L od c S l ucus II Se gan FOO 2 0. write c o n p H s t. Ch a - son . Se ga n Foo th e Ch i A llrecords were destroyed b Ch - y e Hwan g te. in — B. 0. 245 230

W S PO P L Mo a AR , U AR v ME T S C T ST O PH E N , A A R S .

c hcea H am i a e a e E 2 45 A n L eague A ra tus lc r r t k s ryx . a e em III in vs S r E dm str t gu s . Ptol y y an d reduces E Provin ces — 4 2 3 . a 2 44 Gr A gis Iv a ttem pts to re Parth ia n s o c c u py Hyrcani . form Spartan constitution — 4 2 1 . 2 48 A c h ce a n L ea gu e joined by Ptolem y III m a kes a th a n k Conquests of Ptolem y III

rin Me ara etc ffe in in th e em e. m e e e b S e Co th , g . o r g T pl ostly r cov r d y m i o l eucus II . H a lca r p posed by Fu n d a n iu s a t E i ei e b ryx . Cor nth s z d y A a r tus . Rom e takes Ma lt a from d m i i Ga rth . S yr E C v l wa r of A ntioch us 1) h is b roth er H ierax : Ptolem y III a cquires Media a n d Ba bylon . P e a m A a K— 1 R m e 4th ee a i e vic 2 41 rg tt lus I 97 o fl t r s d , L u ta tiu s o ff cou s in . Rom e possessed tory of C of Sicily by lst Pu n ic th e ZE ga tes : en d of lst r 3 e i Wa r Ga h wa r Wa ; 5 Trib s . Pun c . rt with th e m erc enaries

2 38 . 2 40

2 8 9 Ma ced Dem etriu s II K - 2 2 9 so n .

n r m e a r Ben - 23 2 8 8 Rome A n exa tion of S a Ro W 0 6 . i ia E m a [ Eto S r Kdm wa r 12 a r ia d n . b ssy to y P th ns ia lst R m a n in e —2 36 l ns , o t r . e e in G r f r nce . 2 3 7 Ba ctria Dio do tu s II c ir K

2 22 c ir so n . Rom e A n exa i n i n t o of Cors ca . Ga h A e a i n R m e e i i e in v I a rt nn x t o of S o C lt c tr b s t ly, — a i b H m 2 2 . a re dftd r Kd m ele a i a 8 . S S u Sp n y lc r I y Gr Cleo m en dftd b a h ia es III K of cus II y P rt ns . a a—2 2 1 Sp rt . Rom e Tem ple of Ja nu s

closed .

Rom e Risings in S a rdin ia i an d Cors ca .

Rome S ardini a an d Corsica e e r duc d . 2 3 0 Rom e A m ba ssadors kd by u Q Te ta . BIO GRAPH Y A N D T O PO G PH RA Y .

2 45

2 44

E gyp t Conon a stronom er Poem of C a llim a ch us on 2 43 ' e a e O f a ed s a s th e C o m a B eren ic is . not s pl c s fi t r , n a m es th e C o m a Beren i ” c is E ia i . gypt n spo ls of Cam byses restored to

Tem ples by Ptolem y III . Rom e In etu of th e praetor 2 42 pereg rinus : Proscription - a e of lot or cl a t Pr aeneste .

A gis Iv Spa rta n reform er kd L a c ydes succ eeds A rc es i Rom e Census citi 2 41 ” n d i e . N e n h es la us in 2 A ca d . Lys z ns a t of C y ’ hi i i m a chu a p lo s . z c u m h s tu .

ea h e i 0 R m c ir i am i i R m i i A n 2 Cl nt s Sto c d set 9 . o e V a Fl n a o e M L L v us dro 40 l u m ni a G k a m a e e e o a a . xt nd d to Sp eti . c s d pts dr “ hr i i 1 s la t R m e C ys ppus S to c p hilo s . t p y a o . ‘ E i Graac o -E a I n s c . Q nn us L a t poet b . gyp ti n rip 2 3 9 rela ting to a potheosis o f h E e e es t e u rg t . 2 3 8

H a m ilca r enters Spa in with 2 3 6 H a sdrub al h is son -in -la w a n d H i h i an n ba l s son wt 9 .

” ’ E ra tosth enes g eo g r per Rom e N aaviu s p la ys from 2 3 5 fec ts a m illa r h e e th e Gk— 2 03 r y sp r , . m ea u e ea h fixes ' ls s r s rt , t a a lle lo la i u p r f t t de . M a Ro m e m e P C to r for r b . Rom e Sp C a rv iliu s rea d 2 3 4

justs L a t A lpha bet . MS E s c h lu s E i i 2 3 3 S of y , ur p d es a n d Soph ocles pledged

to Ptolem y for 1 5 ta lents . F C la m inius a ssigns Pice Rom e A gr a ria n L aw of C 2 3 2 m a n la R m an c o i nds to o Fla m in us . i lon sts . R m e E S ilverm o n e 2 3 1 o xport of y, l h b i to C e ts pro i ted . " ” T e a ee th e I l e 2 0 ut qu n of lly A ex Ma ch o c o m p o t . 3 ia i r n p ra tes .

( 65 ) — B. 0. 229 219

W S O P L MO E AR , P U AR V H T S O . M E T S T S T H E I RY N , CA A RO P S .

Gr A th ens join s A ch aea n Rom e Reduction of Illyria n

a c e Re e i a e . ea e b etw Lea gue . M d g ncy p r t s P c Pto

A n i R m e lem a n d e e . of t gonus Dosou . o y III S l ucus II Coa sts of D alm a tia pla ced under Dem etrius of Ph a

Bithyn ia c ir Pru sia s I K Onia s II refuses th e E gyp tn

1 80 so n . R me lst em ib e o tr ut . i G b a ssy nto r.

Ga rth H a sdruba l succeeds Wa r of C leo m en es II 1) A ra H am i a in o vm t a n d A h aea ea e lc r g of tus c n L gu . — Spa in 22 0 : Trea ty with

Rom e . Rom e Proconsuls in s td for S a rdin ia a n d i a Cors c .

Gr Re m s Cleo m en es A th en io n a eru a em de C leo m en es dfts A c h sea n s . for of t J s l , II a t a a E h a b o m a 2 4 rs a ea III Sp rt , p ors nds y rr rs of lish ed e a e a ib e : e h e h e , S n t tr ns tr ut Jos p n p w

m e . A c h aaa n ia m e i a e for d towns of On s d t s . i a a S r Kd m jo n Sp rt . y S eleucus III [C era u n u s] K — 22 3 so n . R m e 2 n d em a i o Gr e a m E tn re R m e e Cis al m e o b ssy nt , Jos ph f r s gyp o Conqu st of p a m i e A h e ian c i e u e Ga — 2 2 2 i O f T e d tt d to t n v n . ul : v ctory iz n sh i a m t e p . l on . A ch aea ns a ssisted by A nti go n u s Dosou a gst Cleom e Rh e n es . Colossus of od s destroyed by a n earth

qu ake . Syr Kdm A ntioch us III (th e Joseph m niece o f Ptolem y Ro m e Fla m inius dfts Insu - G ea K 1 8 b h . b ia Ga . r t) 7 rot er III . r n uls Ba ctria E u th yd em u s c ir K Ma rcellus dits In su bria n s — 2 00 c ir E m a t C la stidiu m . C n . gypt Ptole y Corn — I v Ph ilo ato r K 205 so n i i a e Me i a m . [ p ] . Sc p o t k s d ol nu

Gr T im o xen u s praetor of Gr A ntigonus a n d A c h aaan s A c h cea n s H era c leidea n Cleo m en es e e . dft , nt r m e b m i i line a t Spa rta ends with Spa rta . Ro Su ss on

C leo m en es E h i kd e e i c o n t I s tri. III . p or of V n t , q of b a a y Sp rt ns .

Ga r h H a i a e ia r i i a n d t nn b l succ eds Gr Soc l wa , Ph l p v H a b a in a i A h aea v ZEto lian s— 2 1 7 sdru l Sp n . c ns — Ma ced Phi lip v K 1 79 Wa r of Rh odes v Byz a n

f m i R m e i e . r Kdm A i son O De etr us II . o t n s S y nt o ’ 0 Fla m inius rem oves th e ch us III quells Molo s re ee m e m th e c en fr d n fro volt .

tu ries . — E gyp t wa r 1) S yria 2 1 7 ca pture of T yre a n d Pto le m a i Ga h H a ib a b e s . rt nn l i a m 2 n P u s eges S guntu . d — E m s n ic Wa r 2 01 . Pa ullu m e i h a dfts D e tr us of P ros . C hin a Litera ture a ga in en u r e c o ag d .

Gr Rom a ns a dm itted to

A chaea n fortress of A th e

Rom e Trea ty with H a s d ru

o eri a i Lyc n p p t ph los d .

Rome c ir Chron ic les of Fa b iu s Pictor a n d C in c iu s

C ir Pla utu s writes come dies - 1 - 84. Pla n tin e p ieces in vogu e .

' v i l N esv u s a s tidiu . C a Ptolem y Iv ks his m other E gypt Pto lem y I . C m a n d h e m A i o e Im m e e i i i lin e ec i h brot r, rs n ns sh ps bu lt , p r ord of B w t h is i e ks h er in 208 T em e to H m e pxlau b ria n s : ? r e . s st r , . pl o r. cor up t d Ma rcellus ks th e In su

“ C leo m en es flees A im e e wt 66 isc u s E i n e a n d a m m 2 2 1 III to rch d s d uphor o po t g r , ~ h a s a i s h d ro s ta ib a ia a t A i . l ws of t t c , y l r r n nt oc i s i s e c t c , con c ctions et .

M c i a n tua et colon z ed . b a s s d G Fl i m i i i H a sdru al sa s . a Ro m e V a Fla n a ex Rome c it L a w lim it ng ton " g h m in iu s 1 s t profess ed Ro tended to A rim in iu m . n a e of priva te m erc a nt

a e . i F a m in i m en la m i i a 2 n d m an dem gogu C rcus of l us . ; F n us dds Festiva l pleb eia n ga m es

Ph yla rc h u s his tn .

" r b A h a a h R m a m ed . Pa c u viu s L a t t a ged n . rc g t us o n

( 67 ) — 1 R. c . 2 18 207

W S O P L MO E AR , P U AR V ME N T S C T S T O PH E S , A A R .

2 1 8 P a lestin e surrendered to A ntioch us III dfts E gyp t A n i h b h e t a t Po r h r ea H a ib a t oc us y T odo us p y . nn l e e l f s m a n s gov rnor . cross s A ps , d t Ro T ic in u s a n d T rebia on . u i i i C Sc p o in Spa n . A i im H ie so n Ra h ia em ch aea ns A ra tus a ga n stra S on II Pr st . B of p , Ptol y Iv

e E to lia ns A e a dfts A i h II I . H a n t gus . g l us nt oc us a e R m e a bi ib a e A e i e str t gus . o Q F us n l cross s p nn n s , Ma x dicta tor a ft er B of dits Rom a ns a t T ra si ’ T a im e e. a fa c m e e T h e i i e e r s n V rro s n . Sc p os r duc ' i e e Min u c iu s c o N a in t on l ct Sp . dicta tor . Rom e Pa tricia ns ca ncel Ptolem y Iv tries to enter H a nniba l dfts Rom a ns a t

elec tn Ma e th e a a . a es is i e b C a of rc llus to Con S nctu ry C nn , jo n d y

u lshi M a i B e u a a n d I a i a . s p . F b us ut o p S t l ns la st dicta tor with full

powers . T S Gra cch us sl a ughters a a n Ma e C pu s , rc llus cuts o ff a C a rth a n e im e g r g nt .

2 1 4 S ra c Re i a G a h ree a e dfts y volut on , roy l r cc us f s sl v s ,

a m i kd H i a e a n d H a u n o . ea h ili f ly , ppocr t s Tr ty of P p v

E ic des ei e e i h H a ib a . ra e p y s z pow r . w t nn l Sy cus b esieged by Ma rcellus

2 12 . Jews help Ptolem y Iv to T a rentum b etrayed to H a n

e a e ib a . suppr ss r volt . n l

m R m e a e a en b 2 1 2 S yra c a bsorb ed by Ro e . o Syr cus t k y B ka e Ma rcellus . loc d of u n d i i Ca pu a . C a P C Sc p o i dftd a n d kd in Sp a n . 2 1 1 F a rth Ar ta b a n u s I (A rsa Ro m e lea gues with JEtO s K— 1 6 so n 2 1 6 ia a h i i a ke c e III] 9 . l ns gst P l p v, t s — M i a h etc . 1 96 . Z cynt us ut n a r h a e e a in i i C t gn g n r l S c ly. F b i a e u a a us t k s C a p . 2 1 0 Rom e t akes A n tic yra an d in a e e i i ZEg , r cov rs S c ly. P C Scipio ta kes N ew C a r h t a ge .

A h a 2 0 9 Ph ilip v helps c ae ns . A tt a lus K of Perg a m us n d E to lia n s h elps Rom e a . T a e m F a bius ta kes r ntu . H a sdr uba l m arch es h h Ga t roug ul . f M 2 0 8 A c hcea ns Ph ilO poem en stra H a nnib a l d ts a rcellus

e n r e ia . H a r a t gus . V nus sd ub l i e Ma ei e w nt rs a t rs ll s .

B of Ma ntinea Ph ilOp oem en dfts Ma c h a n id a s a n d Sp a r

a . e i H a sd ru t ns . N ro d ts u b a la t Meta ur s .

( 68 )

— B. C . 206 195

E W S H C H C H S PO P L MO E I UR WAR , U AR V O L T L S T J P I IC A H I O RY. C T ST PH E H T M E T S O S . IS O RY. N , A A R

2 0 6 B a ctri a n E m p extended in Scip io drives C a rth a gn s

hi b a G a e . Ma E by Dem etrius . G n a ck to d s go H a n a b e i a c ru c ifieS f e es G a e dyn sty g ns , l sts Su f t of d s — ’ 9 A D Gr Na bi a Wh e e R m e . . s tyr nt surr nd rs to o a —1 2 H a ib a in Bru ttiu m of Sp rta 9 , nn l

2 03 . 2 0 M in v I a l R me 5 E gyp t Ptol em y v [E piph a a go s N t y. o n es K— 1 8 1 s t i h r a m Gr : ea e ] o n se 5 . w t d ws fro p c R m e i i n i h h i i o P C Sc p o a d P L w t P l p v .

Cra ssus consuls . 2 0 4 ea m i A i i i in A f i a d fts S Jud sub ts nt o Sc p o r c , y

h h a x a n d H a a . c us III . p sdrub l

2 0 3 Successes of Scipio in A f i a e ea Ma in r c , d f t of go H ib al e a e Ita ly . a nn r c ll d a h a e to C rt g . 2 0 2 am a i i dfts B of Z , Sc p o H a ib a nn l. ’ 2 0 1 A c hwa n s Ph ilO poem en a ga in Ga rth a ccepts Scipio s a e Ga h e i e m 2 n d n i Wa r str t gus . rt r s gns t r s . Pu c Wa r m 1) ei e i a fin e e . R a for gn t rr tory, p ys nds of o ns — R m B ii n d In su breS 1 91 . to o e for 5 0 years . o a E gyp t L epidus regent

1 99 . 2 0 0 Ba c tria c ir D em etrius K Wisdom of Jesus son of Rom e 2n d Ma c ed Wa r 1 80 ir s i h 1 u l ic G a b in v s c o n . S ra c . 97 . S p l a E B i si pirus . o i b e ege Pla

e a n em a . c ntia d. Cr on

R m a a re 1 9 9 E A ris to m en es e e . n r e a E to lia n s i gyp t r g nt B sourc of Jord n , Sco jo n o ns , ' Ro m e P C Scipio censor p a s recovers Pa lestin e for dftd b y Ph ilip n r Ph a ros R m a f d b a n d ea e a e em . d t h d of s n t Ptol y. don . o ns y

In su b res . 9 8 R m e T a m i i a a n d E tn s ex R m e T am i i i 1 o Q Fl n nus cons . Scop s gyp o Q Fl n nus d ts

ell i h n d hi i . A i h Ca to pro c o n s in S a rdinia . p ed by A nt oc us a P l p v nt oc us III

i a n ear an ia . Jews . d ts Scop s P s

h l a m i M a c ed Phi lip resigns Gk B o fCyn o s c ep a aa. Fl i i n R m e i dfts h ili wh o e a fi e . c t s , p ys to o n nus P p , m e m R P erga m E um enes II K co es to t r s . out of ii h e i e 1 5 9 s o n Rom e 2 Praetors Bo . T Sp a ns r volt a i a R m e for Sp n . gst o . Ga rth c ir Oliga rch y over

hr em a esta b d . t own , d ocr cy E gyp t Ptolem y v of full a 1 4 Gr e a e ge set . d cl r d free by T Q Fla m ininus a t ia Isth m g a m es . P a rth Pr pa tins [A rs a c es I v] K 1 8 1 P n u s Ph a rn a c es . o t I — K 1 60 c ir so n . '

R m e M P C a to e e ia H ie s o n . Ro m e M a dfts i a o cons s ttl s On s III Pr st. P C to ns r af a i in a i Gr Fla e f rs Sp n . g nts ih Sp a in ; Spa nish

m in in u s ee A e e i m a e . fr s rgos . fortr ss s d s ntl d

( 70 ) — B. C . 206 195

C ir Sta tue torture - in s tru m i ent of Na b s of Sparta .

’ N aev iu s Ep ic on lst Punic ‘ War tio n A le . So of x c riti R m e a - a iff c . o S lt t r for I a 5 th e i a a t ly, F st v l th t of Ma e M m t r a g a . H erm ippu s of Sm yrn a writes L ives of Philo so

c ir T ripa rtite of Sext " Ptetu s ; E nnius 1 s t tra geda a da ts Gk a e an d c o m —1 tr g dy y 69 .

’ Pla utus S tickys

Rome N ew custom s offices on Cam pa n ia n coa sts (a n d

’ M Pac u v iu s p a in ter Cir Q Fa bius Pic to r s R0 m a is k n H t in G .

“ ’ Zeno an d A n tisthenes kietas of Syro - E gyptn W ' ar . Sta tius C asc iliu s — c o m edn 1 68 .

H am i a i h B ii n lc r w t o i Ita ly. Gr Alc aau s of Messenia p oem h r R o n t e wa . E gyp t o me se tta Stone ins crip t . Ro

Tres viri epulon es in std .

Rome Oppia n L aw repea led ta ke s refuge with A n tio h T e e ~ c us III . r nce La t n a t i I with Iberian in sc rip c o m edn b at Ga th i r . t ons . — B. o f 194 182

E WIS H C H RC H WARS P O PULAR MO VE L T L H ST O J U , PO I IC A I RY. H STO . ME T S C T ST O PH E S I RY N , A A R .

R m e i i o P C Sc p o cons II.

a e i e a em a R m e dfts BO a t M i a P l st n tr nsfd t por o II ut n ,

i E . wa r 1) i u ia 1 0 r ly to gypt L g r ns 7 . Ma sinissa K of Num idia ns in v s C arth gn prov of E m o riae p . Gr i A c h sea n Gr Ph ilo oem n df i Spa rta jo ns p e ts Nab s . ea e m e Fla R m e Wa r A n i L gu . Ro L Q o 1) t ochus III m in i n u s b h e a n d E to lian s ro tec cons , rot r of for p — ibe a Gks . to ra te Gr 1 8 l r tor of of 9 . Rom e Boii ced e ha lf their territory : A cilius cons dfts A n tioch us a t T h erm o pylaa ia ee e e Syr n fl t d stroy d . Lusitan i in v Furth er

S r Kd m h en c ef e e e R m e Ma e ia y d p nd nt o B of gn s , L R m e : A i h e e i i dfts A n i h on o nt oc us c d s Sc p o t oc us III. A sia M North of T a urus a n d a e p ys fin s .

Gr Ph ilo p oem en forces Ro m e C n Ma n l Vulso dits

A h aea a a a T ec to s a i a n d T o lis to b o ii. c n L ws on Sp rt . g Rom e C eph a llen ia a n d Za M Fulviu s reduces E to E m df s c yn th u s a cquired by E to lia ns . L Pa ullus t

ia a r i a i. l n W . Lus t n 1 8 8 Rom e C n Ma n lVu lso pro in A ia M i i e cons s , d str but s i i terr tor es . Rom e A scenda ncy of M P Hyrc an u s

Ca to . S yr Kdm Seleucus — Iv [Ph ilo pato r] K 1 76 so n A ia e E . ll nc of gypt h a n d A c aea ns renewed . Rom e Liguria ns dft Ma r i c us . 7000 worshipp ers of

Ba cchus sent enc ed . Rom e C Calpurnia s dfts i a i Lus t n . Bith n war v e am Rom e M P Ca to an d L V y P rg us,

H an i a e e al. Fla cons censors . n b l g n r

A c hcea n s Lyc o rta s stra te E gyp t Revolt quell ed by ’ a e em m i g u s . Polycr t s Ptol y s i n ster . M essen ia n s revolt v A c h sean L eague a n d kill P oem en hilo p . Messenia ns subdued by Ly a Ga h e h cort s . rt Fr s Nu i i m n m d an en croac h e ts . — B. C. 194 182

B O G PH A N D I E T O S D SC O L WS L T E T E I RA Y NV N I N , I A , I RA UR , A RT T O PO G PH . VE RI E S S C E C E D M I S T IT T O S RA Y , I N , . RA A, N U I N .

r h s r d e E a to st en e geo g . Rom Rom e S epa ra tion of orders 1 9 4 T i m h T a m i i in h ea e r u p of Q Fl n t tr . n u s 8 n ew m a ritim e c o I a lonies in Lower t ly. Ptolem y v m Cleopa tra

da u gh t of An tioch us III .

Rom e c ir Baabia n L a w re 1 9 2 gu la tin g Spa nish praetor i sh ps .

Rom e repeopl es Pla centia C ir O rien ta lluxu ries in tro d d Rom e C in c iu s his tu writes 1 9 0

m . B ia e de R ili a . a n d Cre ona onon a t Rom e. th e M t ri “ i i A ia founded . L Sc p o s ” tic u s b rother to A frica

n u s . ’ Gr Lycurgu s l a ws ab ro gd 1 8 9 i ’ a t Sparta . Ro me E nn us

A m bra c ia .

H a nn ib a l with Pru s ia s I K 1 8 8 Bi h ia of t yn .

P C Scipio a tta cked b y Rom e Roa d from A rretium

M a e i i e . P C to r t res . T S o Bo non a con s truct ‘ t d ' ' ' G ib Via E m a m A n m I ra cchus tr un e. fro n a en ia 1 82 um to Pl c t .

Rom e Baccha na lia pro h i 1 8 6 b ited ; Gk a thletes a n d - a i in in tro dd bea st b t gs . H egesin u s succ eeds E va n d er in 2 n d A a em c d y. ’ a m C ir R m e a e e i n m e a e m Pla utus L t c o edn d . o Contr ct for xt ns o Ro C to s r for s ; pur ’ —1 77 e ia i a a a a il e a tio n e a e- a e Pot nt , P s u of clo c s ; C to s s v r g of s n t roll ; t x s ’ ru m a m a M i a an d m i al. a e e e i , P r , ut n , s ths h l on sl v s , dr ss, qu a e a hi e a e e O f Pu blic a n i Lun fully nfr nc s d . p g s ; offic h i i m m e e P l p v su on d to op n . R em h is om e . Ptol y v ks la te guardia n A ris to m e

n es . “ i i A i t n m u s lib a ia n . P C Sc p o fr ca nus d . A lex A ris o y r r 1 8 3 H a nni b alks hf at court O f Pru sia s m a . Ro n colony

of A quileia . P on tu s Roya l e i e i r s d nce a t S nope . “ ic a n der e a m 2 Gr N p o t gr m . 1 8

( 73 ) — B . C. 181 168

O L T C L H ST O . P I I A I RY H ST O I RY .

1 8 1 E gyp t Ptolem y VI [Ph ilo Q F Flac c u s d fts Celtib eri : m eto r K— 1 46 so n set 7 e a r i ia a n d ] , r volt of S d n l e 1 3 i a — 1 67 C eopa tra reg nt 7 . Cors c . P a rth Ph ra a tes I [Ar sa c es K— 1 4so n v] 7 . 1 8 0 B a c tri a E u c ra tides c ir K ? E c c lesia stic u s written (Da Rom e 3000 worsh ippers of

1 60 c ir B ith n Pru sia s idso n . Ba h e e e . . y II v ) cc us s nt nc d — 4 K 1 9 so n .

— o T h e e 300 M a ced Perseus K 1 66 s n . S Gra cc us r duc s m e A ilia a i h e e e Ro ux ry consuls Sp n s towns , r s ttl s — a a i th e e ib e i 1 7 8 . pptd for Sp n . C lt r 1 8 R m e I ia Wa r a 7 o str n , cow r dice o i troops . i e ia a n d T G a h e e Sa r 1 7 7 Rom e T S Gra cchus cons . D sput of On s III S r cc us r duc s “ im T em i di i a n d i a a i S on go vr of ple ; S n a Cors c , S rd - a R m I ia m o n o flers T em ple trea ven les a t o e . str

e e e Iv . b e sur to S l ucus su du d . S yr E dm A ntioch us I v [E pi Syria n o fli c er in T em ple S yr E d m Seleucus Iv kd by ~ — an e K 1 64br he is a e b ia . H elio do ru s Wh o is ex d ph s] ot r. frustr t d y On s III , p by A ntioc h us Iv a n d E u e e m ene s II . Ro m e r cov rs L i Mutin a from igur a ns . i e e a On a s III d pos d . J son th e H Priest brother, buys ffi A n i h Iv o ce of t oc us , in tro d s Gk custom s P a rth Mith rida tes I [A rsa Ja son sends dona ti on to Ga rth Num idia n s eizure of — c es v i K 1 36 b he ea h en a i e a t T e. T sc a i e a n d 5 0 ] rot r , h t s cr fic s yr y prov nc i founds a n E m p wh ex cit es . e ia a e ia t nds to Sus n , P rs , Ba b ia Ba ia ylon , ctr . E gyp t E u lseu s a n d Lenaeus E gyp t A ntiochus dfts re

e e e n ea Sirb o n is . r g nts . g nts r

h r Men ela us H Priest brot e , buys th e office of A n tio h I v Wa a a n c us , rs gst J so , b a i m a jures Jud s . Onia s II I kd a t D a ph ne : Rom e 3rd Mac ed n Wa r im kd in T ea — 1 8 a r A n i h Lys a chus r 6 . W of t oc us — 1 68 1) E . sury. IV gypt E gyp t Ph ysc o n (a fterw A ntioch us I v plunders T em Coa lition of Ma c ed GT Syr

k a s Pto l m a e le a i h ia etc 1) R m e . B e nown VIII) d p , ppo nts P ryg n o of P lu

K b Ale ia b h e e e e u alem . i m A i I v i y xa ndr ns rot r. gov rnor ov r J r s s u nt ochus d ts i E gypt a ns . a em A i h e ie es Ale E gyp t Joint rule of Pto lv1 Ja son a tta cks Jerus l . nt oc us b s g x — m a n d Ph ysc o n 1 65 . Ro e T S Gra cch us rem oves freedm en from th e C en a ie t r s . m i Pa A pollonius sen t by A ntio B of Pydna . E l ul A io ch us E piph plunders Je lus c o n qs Ma ced . nt m h Iv ex d m E ru sa lem . Alta r to Oly p c us p fro gypt

ia n Z eus set up on 1 5 th by Po pilliu s . h i e Re i a e C sl u . s st nc of h i Ma tta t a s .

( 74 ) — B . C . 181 168

B O G P H A N D I N E T O S DIS C O I RA Y V N I N , H A RT O PO G P . VE RIE S S C E C E . T RA Y , I N ,

Philip v ks h is so n D em e Ro m e L ex O rc hi a a gst lux 1 8 1 tr iu s ; em a s sa ssd u r A e e i e Ptol y v y. ll g d d scov ry b f e bi A h se wri in s m a . y o fic rs . Poly us c of t g of Nu E a n am b a ssa dor to gypt .

1 8 0

Ben even tu m . I so con s p o i d b h is Wi e s o n e y f . Rom e Stone thea tre Ro m e c ir 10 yrs m ilit ser 1 7 9 t A pollina rian gam es. vi c e th e qu a lific a n for i a ie m ag str c s . Gra c c u ris in Spain foun de d h b y T S Gra cc us . Ro me fortress of Luna

" 1 6 C ir C eec iliu s L a t c o m po et . 7

C ir Corn elia da u gh t of Scipio A frican us m T S G a h r cc us .

Rome C ir M Pa c u viu s ad a pts 1 7 4 — a e tra g ed 1 39 . St g m ain ta in e from public h c es t .

Rome Th e fes tiva l Flora lia 1 7 3 ’ in std : c ir E nniu s A n n a ls o Ro m e en i wi h Is f , d ng t trian War

’ i e n . C i e h a t 1 1 C arte a foun d d . Via Ca ssia rec o struc ted ir F rst ba k rs s ops 7 m Ro e.

“ Venus d e Medici of 1 7 0 s C ir T hi C leo m en e . rd A ca dem y foun ded by C a r

n ea d es . a e Ma 1 6 9 Cir E nn ius La t poe t d . Rom e Cr t s of llus b i s H m e E m a ssy of Polybiu s to rhetor rec te o r . Ma i Cons rc us .

“ Perseus ca ptured by E m il Rome C S Ga llus m a them 1 6 8

a s c ir 1 66 . C aec i e i a e li e P ullu , d pr d cts lun r c ps ,

i c m a . . o a n a rt l us poet d . Delos p tro of

( 75 ) — B. 0. 167 15 4:

H ST I O RY.

M a c e -I ll ia e a i e Ma a h ia a th e R m e e a i a n d d yr r org n z d tt t s d . Jud s o D port t on “ m i l M h ie by E l Pa ul us . a cca b ee h is 3rd s o n im prism t of 1 000 c f ' dfts A pollonius a t Beth A c h sea n s : deva sta tion of

- b o ro n . E i m i ia i p rus . H u l t on of h A ia i e R odes . s t c C lts volt v E um enes II . Juda s dits Lysia s a t E m Rom e Successes a gst Ligu

i an d e . m a us . r a ns C lts E gyp t Pto lv1 a n d Ph ys c o n Juda s dfts Lysia s a t Beth a e Pto l r ex d ie e a em qu rr l, v p . sura , occup s J rus l , purifies Tem ple on 2 5 th

Chisleu . E gyp t divided by Rom a ns ; Lea gue of Trib es a gst Ju S yr Kdm overru n by Pa r t s h s c o n i n P o l VI re td. P y d ea . th a s . b a llotted Cyrene an d Li ya . S yr E d m A ntioch us v [E u a to r K— 1 2 s t 1 2 p ] 6 o n se . i e Lys a s reg nt . — ia a e Beth su ra b e R m War in i a 1 62 . Lys s t k s , o e Cors c

sieges Jerusa lem . Mene a H kd b ia l us Pt y Lys s, h w o a ppts A lc im u s .

S r Kd m em e i S o ia kd b em e i y D tr us I [ Lys s y D tr us , er K— u i t ] 1 5 1 co sin . wh o sends N can or agst

Jud a s . Ga rth Rom e a wa rds E m po Juda s dfts Nica nor a t C a ria Ma i i a h a rsa la m a a n d A da sa to s n ss . p ; n egotia tes with Rom e Ba cc h ides d fts a n d ks Ju d E l s a a h a a s a t ea . Jon t n 5 th son of Ma tta th ia s con e h r tinn s t e wa . o l K B 1 6 0 Ba ctria H eli c es c ir Book of aruch . n ir Mi 1 5 0 c ir s on . Po tu s c — th rid a tes Iv K 1 20 c ir s o n . P erga m A tta lus II [Ph ila el h K— 1 u d p us] 38 nc le .

1 5 8 Bootless ca m pa ign of Ba c a h a e i e ch ides . Jon t n r t r s th i to Be b a s . Jona th a n a pptd judge a t i h m M c a sh . Pea ce b etw Ba cch ides a n d Gr A thenia n expeditn 1) o m e Wa r v D a l Jon a th a n . Oropus . R a i n s—1 5 5 M Pi m t a . C d f d g ulus cons t . i i N i i i a i a ed e Dal 1 5 5 Rom e P Sc p o a s ca cons . Sc p o N s c r uc s

m a tian s .

l 1 5 4 Ga rth H a sdruba l a n d C a r E gyp tWa r o ftwo Pto em ys . a a i i R m e War b e A th lo le ders of pa tr ot c o yond lps ,

a W L i u ria n s e e . Ln p rty. g r duc d i sita ni rise under Pu n c u s .

Ga rth a rm s a gst Ma sini ssa .

( 7 6 )

— B 0. 43 . 15 3 1

E WIS H C H URC H WA R S PO PU LAR MO V E H S T O J , O L T C L . P I I A I RY T O ME N T S C T S T O PH H IS RY. , A A R E S .

Rom e L M um m iu s d ftd by i a i e ibe i i Lus t n . C lt r jo n h em r A e Ba a t . S y l x l s b l re e s . C a rtha gn s dftd by Ma si

nissa K of Num idia . i i S yr E dm A l ex Ba la s K D em etrius a n d A lex Ba la S Rom e Lus ta n dft Ga lba .

i h Iv a h a . H e i 1 46 son of A n t oc us . court Jon t n jo ns A lex a n d is m a de H Priest . A c hcea n L ea gu e renewed by Ptolem y v1 decides a gst Lucullus a n d G a lb a dft L n ’

iss e C ri to la u s a n d Da em e o n Ge i im . i a i. G a b a m a a e . D u , , T pl r z s t n l s ss cr a ir Rdm m o c ritu s . B a ctri c a b sorb ed b y Scyth ia ns a n d

Pa rthia ns . Bithyn N ic o m edes II K M a ced Rising of A n dri sc u s h A e 4 Ma c n W r— 1 4 Ga th ed a 8 . B o 9 1 so n . rt sc nd a R 3 r i r a ncy of popula r p rty . ome d Pun c Wa Rom e A n d risc u s [pseudo 1 46 (ga lla nt defence of — 4 . h i a i i e n u Ph ilippus] K 1 8 Ga rt ) . Lus t n r s — 41 d er Viria th u s 1 .

R me em a e i a a i h m en Me e d fts A n dris c u s o d nds suppr ss on Jon th n w t t llus . O f A h aea ea e a ke a dfts A A h aea e Da m o c ri c n L gu . t s Jopp , pollo c ns und r i r n us. tus wa 1) Spa rta wh o a p m e pea ls to Rom e. Ro r i m C a rth a gn wa , L P so c o “ m a nds a rm y L Ma n c in u s a n vy. A c hcea n s C rito la u s a e i i a i e a t U i a str t P C Sc p o rr v s t c , — 1 4 m e c i i e Ga h . g u S 6 . Ro P C S nv sts rt m i pio E l consul .

h m n E a h a n a a i dfts A i i e Ga h . Ga rt a Ro a prov . gyp t Jon t g n pol Sc p o d stroys rt E u r m Ptolem y VII [ pa to ] K louin s . Mu m iu s dits A ch aea ns — 1 46 kd by Ptolem y v I II a t L eu c o petra ; sa cks C o — n 1 1 n c l rin th . Pto lv1 a n d em e [Ph ysc o ] K 7 u e. D df B a n r Ma ced a Rom a n Prov . trins t A lex a l s dm em e i i A i h S yr E D tr us II [N nt oc . — ca tor] K 1 4O son of D e m e t i e i i t n I , oppos t on of

Dio d o tu s . Gr i ie m a e m u n ic i a a h a b e ie e A a Viriath u s dfts a s C t s d p Jon t n s g s cr , Pl utu ; — M m m ia . 4 lities b i ia e em e i . c o n s W ain 1 3 y u s conc l t s D tr us II q Sp .

' Dio do tu s in vs a e i e R m e Ri i N m a n ~ P l st n , ks o s ng of u 1 000 e a ke a n d i e wa r— 133 J ws , t s ks t n s ; . Jon a th an : Sim on 2 n d son a a t i ee of M tt h a s succ ds . im n ea es wi h em e i i S o l gu t D A pp Cla udius d ts Sala ss . i II a T r h o n tr ns gst yp . Jewish in depen dence re i e i ex d cogn z d . Syr an s p e im from J rusa lem . S on H Prie st : receives sup o f R m e port o . — B. C 4 . 15 3 1 3

m e m e b C Gra cch us Ro r for r .

i i E m i in a in R me A b i i e P C Sc p o l Sp . o Cons l nus wr t s ’ n n k Ca to s de lenda es t C ar Chro ic les i G .

m ’ Ro e Ca to s Origin es en ded . ’ C ir M Brutus de J u re C i v ili a n d Ca to ju n de Ju ris i li D is c p na .

A lex Ba la s m Cleopa tra Ro m e 1 st judicia l Com m is M i L a w a B ib e b d a u h t em v1 . a g of Ptol y s on , gst r ry y sin is s a u m i ia L C a l urn i a h K of N d d p P so , ut or of

t 0 M a . Pru A n na ls etc . se 9 . P C to d sia s II kd by h is so n N i m e Ro m e Re e co des . lea s

of 300 A chaea n prisoners . C a rth a gn envoys ch ea te d a t Rom e in to a su rrend er m of a r s . “ i i La t a ir i H lides Lem b u s is tn . C Luc l us s t st b . era c h A c h aaa n s ar rest all Spar a in i h t ns Cor nt .

Cleopa tra wife of A lex Ba T rea sures of Gk a rt b rough t Rome C ir Gh ro n of Ca ssius

la S i e b em Ho m e b E m a . H em i U i e is g v n y Ptol y VI to to y P ullus na . n v rsa l H t

em e i . In ia T em e i e a bi e D tr us II Syr pl s of Jup t r St tor of Poly us nds . n d Dio d o tu s sets up a rivalK a Ju no . A ntioch us v i in fan t son of B a A lex a l s .

’ Gr A C h n pollodorus ro . Rom e Pla ys of L Mu m i m m m ius beg n . F oru a d e i - m eet ng pla ce o fb u rges s es . A ntipa ter S toic succee ds i D ogenes .

Dio do tu s ks th e infa nt A n Rom e 1 st m a rble T em ple

tio c h u s vI i i A i a n d l a e . Ma rtin s . Sc p o fr c co onn d in a m Ma rtin s H a m b a sa to Egypt . C p . er m o d o ru s a rc h it builds T em i e p of Jup t r Sta tor .

( 7 9 ) — B. 0 . 142 129

W S PO P L MO E AR , U AR V H T O M S . E T S C T S T PH E S I RY N , A A RO .

1 42 Ro m e P C Scipio E m il M a c e d A lex th e Pretender

e . i e is dftd b L T m e c nsor r s s, y re l i R m e Me el a s l us . o t lus ct a e i e i F a b S er gst C lt b r , Q v ila ri th u gst Vi a s . ’ Sim on s son Joh n E yroa Viriath u s sp a res a rm y of e e a F a b e i m an in e nus g n r l . Q S rv l , Nu t s m th a t of Po peiu s .

1 40 u s i i R m a . im n a i A n i Si em e i d ftd b th e L ta n a a. o n prov S o ds t ochus D tr us II y

R m G ae i . r d etes a h ia A rs a c es o e L l us cons S y . P rt n K VI . Kdm C a ptivity of D em e Rom e S ena te disa vows — triu s 1 2 ea i h Viria th u s . II 9 . tr ty w t i n v i Casp o i s Lusita n a . h Ph ra a tes A rsa c es T h e A i h e a e i a m a 1 8 9 F a rt II [ reac ry of nt oc us . S n t d s vows Nu n K— 1 2 s o 1 3 i a P illiu s 8 n . 6 e e o VII] t n tr ty. p con

1 2 wa r . Viria th u s e 7 . ducts su s e C h a ldn for p a ce . a stro lo ers ex d m R m e g p fro o . A I r h i C en deb A h m a i e Po illiu s 1 3 8 Perga m tta lus I [P lo aeu s genera l of Nu nt n s dft p . — m e e K 1 33 n e h ew tio c h u s dftd b im a h ia Ba ia . t r] p . y S on . P rt ns conq ctr 1 8 7 Ro m e Brutus pro c o n s in Lu Num a ntines dft H ost Ma n

si a n ia e m i i c in u s . T ea t xtends do n on . cons r ty of S yr Kdm A n tioch us VII Ma n c in u s a nnulled by K—1 2 b idetes he a e . [S ] 9 rot r . Sen t i M E m e i e ie e Rom e A pp Cla ud us cen sor . L p dus b s g s

Pa lla n tia is d ftd . B , rutus

c o n qs Ga llic ia n s . Sim on kd by h is son- in -la w F u lviu s c o n qs D a lm a tia n

m h H r n u s Va rd aei. Ptole y. Jo n y c a

s n in e a n d i . o , Pr c H Pr est A ntioch us VII decla res

wa r. 1 3 4 Ro m e Consul a r la w sus A ntioch us VII besieges Je Sci io E m dfts N u m a n tia n s —p e e . i i E m i ru sa lem . 1 33 i i ia p nd d P C Sc p o l . S c l n a e e war— 1 32 cons . sl v s r volt , . 1 8 3 Perga m A tta lus III lea ves Joh n H yrc a n u s sub m its to Ro m e Scipio destroys Nu i i Wa r m i m i R m e A r A i h ib m a ia . o n ons to o ; nt oc usVII , pa s tr ute. nt for o a ns d y — d sto n ic u s s o n pretender of K A tta lus 1 30 : 4000 2 e x e i i 1 9 . Rom e T S Gra c sla v s s c d n Ita l a n h u i i c us j n trib un e : c v l towns . — troubles 1 2 1 P illiu n Ru il s k a Rom e Publ 0p s cons . Co s p iu t a es T u r m en iu m n d E n o a nna , a d e d e i e Wa r n s S rv l . 2 i H r n s i h R m e h e e b Mi ri a e 1 8 1 Rom e Plebe a n Censors . y c a u h elps A nt oc us o lp d y th d t s

11 a h ia a A ris to n ic u s . VII P rt . gst

1 8 0 E i h em E e ia i tra n sltd A lex Reb e i Pho l v n I gyp t Fl g t of Ptol y ccl s st cus ll on , — e a a 1 2 7 i Gk a i . ex d . a dftd b VIII, Cl op tr Q nto (D v dson) p Cr ssus y s is e A ris to n ic u s t r. .

i 1 2 9 S yr Kdm Dem etrius II a ga in Hyrc an u s th rows o fi Syria n Perpen n a dfts A r isto n c u s . — K 1 26 . P e a m a R m a e e e a m a ia a n d A i h in v s a h ia rg o n yok , r duc s S r nt oc us VII P rt ,

i e . Mi h i a e Idu m sea e T em le is ai a n d kd . prov nc t r d t s of , d stroys p td

e ei e h ia . G e i im B Pontus r c v s P ryg on r z . ook of i E a Jud th ( w ld) .

( 8 0 ) B — ; C . 142 129

‘ ’ a i i e e in H i a h a s n eo r om e A ili Gk C h o n 1 42 F nn ns h stu s rv s pp rc us tro , g g R C c us r

disc v s lu n a eri s rc e . r p od , p nds s essio n of equ in ox es ca ta lognes sta rs : pla ces ls t I e m erid in C a na ry sl s .

fa he T o r u a tu s t r q .

Rom e L seliu s propo ses a gra 1 40 i w r a n la .

Ro m e L ex T a bella ria of 1 3 9 ' Pa c u viu s L a t pa inter a n d Ga bin iu s ; E xpulsion of “ tra edn d iria h u s i L a t g . V t a strologers . A cc us

a ssass d . tra ed n a B ru u s g , uthor of t a n d D e u s ci . ’ Brutus form s Lusita nia n H erm o d o ru s Tem ple of o n E i Ma i- n a m i ia i c lony i Spa n . rs Fl n n C rcus. A ntioch us VII m Cleopa tra C ir In tro dn of vellu m books Rome L ex T a bellaria of 1 8 7

i e h is a i e h e b A a e am . i w f of c pt v brot r y tt lus of P rg us Ca ss us .

Rom a ns vote th e delivery Dec Jun Brutus lst Rom a n Ma n c in u s N m a ea c A la ti of to u n to r h t n c. i e t n s . H ippa rchus notes vern equi h 2 n o x Ma rc 3 .

’ Scipio reorgan ize s Ro m a n Rome Pla u tu s c o m ed ies in ’ lh o ‘ A se In i i a m a m . i a em i Sc p o s r y. r y d sf vour . S pron us ’ A sellio h is tn.

T S Gra cch us jun kd by Rom e L a w ao f T S Gra cchus a i i i a i a f ct on of Sc p o N s c . for re division o f lands . ‘ L ‘ a i h n i le C lp P so c ro c r, “ M T u rpiliu s c o medn . P S c aavo la cons colla tor of i A n n a ls C ty . ’ Gra cch us supposed a dh e Rome A gra ria n com m ission

re c r ee . nts d sits .

Rome L ex T a b ella ria of Pa ’ e la w pirin . Metellus for c om pulsory m a rria ge pro

posed . Pto lem y VIII ks his son Rom e Perversion of A gra 1 8 0 Mem hitis i rb d p . r a n L a w by Ga o an a o ib e ai Fl c ns . Tr un s obt n i i " sea t in Sena te . Luc l us

e a m m . p o t , g r P C Scipio E m ilia n u s d C lito m a c h u s succeeds Rom e A gra ria n com m ission m e i a ea e n ea des in ew A c a e a yst r ously. C rn d s N d . suspend d ; Sen tors ex h i p los d . cluded from equestria n centuries ; C Sem pronius n C h n ic le c o s a uth or of ro .

( 81 ) — B. 0. 116 128 .

EWIS H C H CH W S PO P L Mo a J UR AR , U AR v

H IS T O . ME TS T P E S RY N , C A AST RO H .

F a rth A rta b an u s II [A rsa Rom a n decrees a gst Syrian — l c es VI II] K 1 2 5 u n c e. a ggressions o n Pa lestine —1 2 4 — 1 2 77 . 1 2 7 .

Ba ctria reduced by Ta rta rs .

S Kdm Ri a ei A lia e H rc a n u s wi A u relius yr v l r gns of l nc of y th Rome L sent . to

e a a wi o w i h h er Za bin a s . i ia e Cl op tr d (w t quell Sa rd n n r volt . so n A ntioch us VIII Gry Dem e rius II dftd by Za ' t ” a n d A lex Za bin a s m pus ) bina s n r Da a scus . Wa r e so n Ba a i a lleg d of l s . of A n t ochus VIII 0 Za — 1 22 bina s . l i i ee Rom e M F F a c c u s cons . D ssen s ons of Ph aris s Rome Wa r v Ligu rian s for n e i a i i a d Sa ddu cees . Succ ss protect on of M ss l a

fulwa s H rc an u s 1 2 3 . Fre ellse e s a n d r of y . g r volt is i m a A f ic a ra d s ntled. r b va ged y locusts . F a rth Mithrida tes II [A rsa — e c es Ix ] K 8 7 son . Rom C Gra cchus oppo sed by Sena te . Rom e 0 Gracchus trib b e Rom e M F Fla c c u s reduces i u ia n Me elu c o n s L g r s . t l s q

Ba learic Isles .

Rome C Gra cchus reelected Rom e C Sex tiu s c o n qs A ll n b e Tribu e y peopl , lo b ro ges an d Salyes .

rival T rib un e .

im iu s n d F a R m e a i a n d u m u Rom e O p a Q o F ct ons t lts , O im iu s G a n d a kd : b iu s consuls . p C ra cchus p rty m a de dicta tor to suppress defea t of A llobroges a n d h i m n i C Gra cc us . Tr u ph of A rver . a ri a S r Kdm A n stocr cy. y — 1 4 tio c h u s VIII sole K 1 . Mi i a e th e Gt a c c ? B Wi d m a i 1 2 0 thr d t s V [ ] ook of. s o (D v d — in P n us set 1 1 . 1 00 ls t Ma c o t son) . c ab s We ee ( stcott).

Ma i i 1 1 9 Rome C r us tr b .

R0 Ma i in 1 1 8 Ga llia N a rbon ensis 9. Con quests of Q rc us War m i a . m an province . S G ul for Nu ia n e i n a n d Vic d succ ss o , u u rth a tories of J g .

E gyp t Ptolem y Ix [La thy ru s K—1 0 s o n N u m i ] 7 . dia divided by Rom e b etw Jugu rtha an d A dh erb al.

( 82 ) “ 13. C . 128

D I E T O S DI BIO GRAPH Y A N NV N I N , sc o A RT H . VE RIE S SC E C E . T O PO GRAP Y , I N ,

011 Octa vius builds colon

mad e on Circus .

’ Hi a b e v a i o i Cir Polyb ius h is tn d set 80. pp rchus o s r t ons f C Luc lius set 2 1 1 s t La t

su n a nd m t R e . a i oon a hod s S t ris t. C Gra cch us A urelius qu zs s Rom e Severe A lien A c t of in a inia M an tor S rd . J P nus .

Wa ters of T epula brought Ro me Fla c c u s proposes en to Rom e by Pla utius a n d fran chisem ent of La tin s F l s u viu . an d Ita lia ns .

C Gra cch u s returns from a i ia R m e S rd n to o . Rome F a b ra teria Colony of .

’ Rome C Gra cchus la ws for corn-la rges ses a n d eleva i e i e t on of qu t s .

Zabin a s kd by A n tiochu s Rome L aw of C Gra cch us I ie e VII . Colon s s nt by C for enfra nch ising La tin s Gr a C arth a n d d e cchus to veto . Drusus propos s A a: ex iss qu S t . to extend A g ra ria n L a w 1 2 n ew ie Fa n to colon s . nius co ns a uthor of L a t

Ch ron . A n tioch us VIII ks h is m o Rome Tem ple to Concord Ro me Rebu ildg of Ga rth h e “ t e a a . Bitu itu s e i a e . Yea i C arlA n i r Cl op tr d d c t d r of O p pro hibd . L t pa te K A e i Ro m an ri m ia i e e R m an li of rv rn p n w n b st o H is t of H a n n iba c Wa r . a e at A a . ou r lb vinta ge.

Mic ips a K of Num idi a a dopts Jugurth a (h is n e h e a n M i p w, gr ds of a ss i a n ss ).

C Pa pir Ca rbo im pea ched Rome L Cra ssus ora t set 2 1 * Ma i set 38 C r us , im peac hes Ca rbo . i i e A r in u m ie c t z n of p , sold r i i of Sc p o E m . Mic i sa ha ks p d . Jugurt H iem sa le e A dh r l p xp ls e b a , h is a e sons . N rbonn (N a r bo Ma iu e xc rc s) found d, m ai a b es - i ns urg s c ty.

M T a h istn h i m e Lex m i ia V rro , p lolog , Ro E l restores 1 1 6

e b . th e ibe i i th e 4 i po t , L rt n to C ty i Tr bes. — a . 0 . 1 15 105

E W SH C H C H W S PO P L MO E J I UR AR , U AR V

M T S C T ST O PH E S . H IST O RY. EN , A A R

1 1 5 Rom e M E m S c a u ru s con 0 Marius in Spa in puts i down ba nd tti .

r Kd m Revolt of A ntio Rome Wa r v S c o rdisc i in Ma e e ea a c d , d f t of C P C to , i th er success of Did n e. Celtic an d Gothic tribes in v I l ia C n Pa ir l yr , dft Cons p Ca rbo in Istria ; Ju gu rth a ’ in v s A dh erb als e i t rr tory, ie h i i ta bes ges m in C r . 1 1 2 n u s A n e a i A r dfts e in T h ac e Po t n x t on of Drusus C lts r , m e ia M C o lo h is Bo s o u u rth a a e i a m a s n , , p J g t k s C rt , — Mi h 0 e i abi a . rus etc 1 5 . sa cr s nh t nts t rida tes V exp els Scythia n s

from Bosporus . 1 1 1 1 Syr Kdm divided b y A ntio Rome Jugurth ine War 4 C a l u rn iu s in h I a n d C z ic en u s . 1 0 c us VI I y , p Nu m i ia ib e b h a d , br d y Jugurt m a e a ea e a e to k tr ty, S n t it ca ncels . 1 1 0 Hyrc a n u s forsa kes Ju gu rth a dits A ulu s Postu

ee a ee . m i 2 n d ea i u s s for S dduc s us , tr ty w th J r h gu t a .

1 0 9 H rc a n u s c o n s E m de e a e a e s ea . y q do , S n t c nc l tr ty Q am a i Me e stroys S r a . t llus conducts Jugur h i e wa r dfts i a in t n , S l nus G a e a re h e ke ul . C lts c c d by Min u c iu s Rufus in T h a e r c . 1 0 8 a e Ba i i re Me e a n d Ma i s C stl of r s bu lt , t llus r u dft sid en c e of A sm on ea n Jugurth a on th e Mu th u l; i Za m a resists Ro m a n s Me pr nces . ; tellus trea ts with Bo mi l M A re c a r ; ~ C elts dft u l

S c au ru s . E em Ix i en b a a e s a e gyp t Ptol y dr v y V g r volt , sl ught rs h is m oth er Cleopa tra to Rom a n garrison ; is reco — A e e b Me e wh o C pru s 8 9 . lex [Pto v r d y t llus , y — lem y x] K 8 9 broth er t a kes T h ala a n d overru ns

m i ia . T h e T i u rin i jointly with Cleopa tra . Nu d g in Rom e C Ma riu s 6 tim es dft L Ca ss Long us . — 1 la cons 00. L C Syl t r qu zes o . Ro m a n h a n u s A i Me e r e a e Ma i s H rc . N u m idia a prov. Jo n y d r sto t llus c ll d ; r u b ulus I [th e Cruel] H conducts Jugu rth in e Wa r ; n d K— 1 0 so n R a Ma e a ia Pries t a 5 . occh s K of ur t n he r a s so c d e u urth a Ma i s A ntigonus brot , h lps J g r u

s t i a . is a s a s sd . winters a C rt A e a e a n n seu s K— 78 Ma i ea i h Bo c c h u s S yr Kdm C l x nd r J r us tr ts w t ,

zic n u s b h r la h is e . e tio c h u s VIII a n d Cy e rot e . L C Su l nvoy C lts — as i a n d Ma 96 . dft consuls C p o h e Rh e n iliu s n r t on .

' i I n o u r c h ro n o lo gy o f th e Jugu rth in e “ ar w e fo llo w Mo m m s en ( 84 )

— B. C . 104 93

1 0 4 Rom e C Ma rius consul five La thyrus of Cyprus dfts Bo c c h u s betrays Jugu rtha

ea . i e e E m ex A e an e a a e aea . R m an wa r e y rs Ch n s p l x d r, r v g s Jud to o s, nds . e e e u ia m e in v ai e i e be t nd d to P g , S , C lts Sp n , r t r Ka m ska tc h a a n d Ben a e e ib e ia : e , g l . for C lt r ns r volt i i ia n a e — of S c l sl v s 99 .

e a a e e a n e i e b e i Cl op tr h lps J ws . J C lts jo n d y T uton c

n ae a e G a a a is re i e . us en us t k s d r , tr b s L Lucull s t e a t A m a th u s a ain i i ia a e puls d . g st S c l n sl v s .

C ili ia a Ro m a n O o sitn ari ee Ma i df 1 0 2 c prov . pp of Ph s s to r us ts Teutons u r a n n aau s J . A quas S extise . C Serviliu s e a a i i i ia sla e s nt g nst S c l n v s , a i M A n i su . f ls . ton us p i presses Cilician p ra tes . Celts in v Italy ; a re d ftd by Ma rius a n d L u ta tiu s n r M A u il Verc ellaa. q iu s a cts a i i i ia n e a g nst S c l sla v s . 1 0 0 Rom e Fa ct ion of Sa tu rn i n u s E sdra s I prob a bly written in h i e 2 n d a n d Gla ucia a scenda nt ; t s c ntury. b e ie e b Ma i C ir Ma a ee b a s We fr nd d y r us . cc b s y J on ( st i kn ghts fa rm provin cia l cott) .

revenues .

i a i m n ain e a R m e 9 9 Lus t n a a Ro a prov . Sp r volts gst o ilin e e i e 97 . A qu s nds S rv l

i Ja n n aiu s besieges G a za Do la b ella reduces Lusita n . .

96 .

Didiu s cons reduces Celti

n u s . i in v s a a A rm en Kdm foun ded by Ga za r edu c ed by Jan se . Mithr da tes V C pp K— - ia T i a e 5 6 in . gr n s , son doc h i C la w of Mit r da tes v . y ren e bequea th ed to Rom e b P l i S r Kdm y to A p on . y — Seleucus V K 95 so n of

A n tiochus VIII . 3 yr E dm A n tioch us x [E u Ph a risees in cite people a gst S yr Kdm Cyzic en u s dftd by — e e C z ic en u s Ja n n aeu s i i war 8 9 . e e A n t E e e s b s] son of y , , c v l S l ucus v ; ns b s — hi i i alK A le a n n aeu s 1 dfts a . P l p r v 69 , s o n of x J ks 000 Seleucus ; w rs of sons A i I a i ee Gr u s th e h e nt ochus VII . Ph r s s . of yp for t ron

n i M n 9 4 Mithrida tes V a d Rom e War w th oa b a d Gilea d . m ake riva l a ppointm ents to th e thron e of Ca ppa — docia. 88 .

9 8 S yr Kdm Preten tio u s of A ntiochus Dionysus son A i h of nt oc us VIII .

( 86 ) — B. 0. 104 93

N D I E T O S DIsC O BIO GRAPH Y A NV N I N ,

Va SC E C E A RT . H . RIE s T O PO GRAP Y , I N ,

i L C Sulla brin gs Jugurtha Golden sculpture in Ca p Rom e Lex Do m itige em ’ h e e m m em a i la e in h in h a i R m e , tol co or ng Su l s g t e e e _ c ns to o w r t pow r p opl to

a re u h a . e e i h e is kd b y sta rva tion . c ptu of J gurt l ct pr ests : c ir L E l G a uda hi s ha lf-b roth er Stilo lst tea ch er of L a t

rhetoric, writes on philo an d n i i ie logy a t qu t s .

th eir genera l . ’ ' C ir C Lucilius La t s a tirist A rtem idorus of E phe s Rome c ir A rtem idoru s Gk i n s ex ’ T u r iliu s c o m e . eo r . C ir e . A iu T e eu s . d . p po t d g g L o s fir t p o t tt s r

hibited a t Ro me.

’ A th en io n king Rome Sta nda rd of th e E agle Rom e C a tu lus po et : Q " Q a e : c ir H e i s — 2 dopt d ous of L Rosc u a c tor 6 . Cra ssus th e firs t with il m arble p la rs .

Metellus opposes Sa turn i Ro me Pro leta rii a dm itted I nd ia c ir S utra s of Pa nin i 1 0 0 Mem m iu s i a m b Ma i s : ls t an d M h -c ha -Ka u n u s is e i e . ric i S , x l d nto r y y r u t of

C ir es i n a ie . m a i is kd ae a b . a a . Ro me e . C J C s r prof s o l sold rs dr k D ocr t c a a n d le sla tn a tu rn in u s Corn Nepos b . V rro gi of S

i . i n e C ir A Fu Cicero study u nder St lo Tr bu . ulus ’ i A na ls o G a llic Wa r r us n f . Reca ll of Metellus ; retire Rome Cir E leph a n ts Ro me S c enery in tro dd in m ent of Ma rius to court exhibited . T h ea t res by C Cla ud Mi h i a e h e of t r d t s . Pulc r. A u iliu s im a e A n R m e S h s a q ch d , to o c ool of or tory on

i e e h im h Gk m e . M A n n us d f u s . t e od l “ " n i to u s , L Cra ssus o ra

Ro m e Po etry of L Ma n lius 9 7 fa th er of m a n y l egends Sena te prohibit hum an

i Gr u s A n t o chus VIII , yp

a ssassd .

i ’ C z ic en u s ks h e eu H en a aat 1 9 . y f. S l cus ort s us or t Q " bu rn b th e M s M a e a i e 1 8 v t y opsu s Sc vol , wr t s - ia C ir e i L t b u iv ili . M t n s . Lucr t us a ooks de J re C e

e b lea er e A n tho lo ia . po t . g coll cts g Lex Licinia Mueia C ir Ca tullus L a t poet b 7 87 . C ir L Plot Gallus school Mi h i e ks t r da t s V A ria ra for L a t rhe toric . L Po m

- e a a ia . o n iu s i es a rc es in th s K of C pp doc p wr t f ,

trods m imes .

Rom e 1 00 lions exhibited b ae y Sulla pr tor .

( 87 ) — B . C . 92 83

P M E WARS , P O U LAR O V ME T S C A T ST O PH E S H IS T O RY . N , A R .

i a i 9 2 S yr Kd m. Pret ent ons of Mith ridates v c o n q G la t a . Ph ilip son of A ntioch us

VIII .

s 9 1 Bithyn N ic o m edes III K Ja n n teu s dftd a t Ga u lo n iti . 7 4s o n (expd by So cra tes brother K Rom e M Livius Drusus tribune .

es d R m e M a s ia n a r— 8 8 9 0 Bithyn Nic o m edes III r t Ph a risees a ga in reb el . o r W . b R m e S r Kd m Pre a ia e Ma e y o . y Thr c ns ov rrun c d , tensions of D em etrius E u plun der Tem ple of Do " A i a — ch erus so n of nt ochus dou 8 9 . a h — 83 VIII , a n rc y .

E gyp t Pto lem y x expd from Pha risees a ided by Dem e Stra bo besieges a n d ta kes e Re o f em E h e ia A sc u lu m - 88 : ab e ia A l x . turn Ptol y triu s a c rn s of Syr , S ll ns — I x K 8 1 b u t i i War e in a n d Mar i dftd . u la t e . C v l nds s S l

Ja n n aau s . e I a t em Victory of duc s S t ly. P ol y i h b e —8 Ix b es eges T e s 6 . N ic o m ed es III in vs Pontio

Kdm . R m e la Ro m e Me e s a e Ve o L Corn Sul cons , Q t llu t k s

i i ib e . I a ia ia a e e R m e Sulp c us tr un t l n nus . Sull nt rs o M a e en fran c h d . b e a ri . st t s y forc , routs us Mithrida tes d fts Nicom e des III an d Rom a n a llies on th e A m n eiu s : h ence ls t —8 4Ma Mith rida ticWa r . s i s a cre of Rom a ns in A s a . s A r a i i a r m e F a rth 7 Mn a c ira s [ s Pa rthia C v l W . Ro K— R me i m a a es C in c es x] 76 . o L Octa v us ss cr ’ a i e M re Corn Cinna cons , r s s n a s fa ction . a rius revo lu tn is" e i e a es R m e m a s , d pr v d , turns , t k o , ’ Mari i i a e la a . lea gues w th us . s cr s Su l s f ct on A th ens ga rrison ed a gst R m e b Mi i a e be, o y thr d t s, l sieged b y Sul a . i a a n d Ma i a i a A en i s Rom e C nn r us Civil wa r resum ed . Ph r Sulla t kes th s, d t nom in a te th em s to c o n sees dftd a t Beth o n e ; 800 Mithrid a tes a t Ch asro n ea :

lshi n n u . im ia ValF a s u p . crucified by Ja se s F br ks L l cons m m a h is cons , an d co nds

troops . ’ Reb ellion of Pha risees sup Fim bria dits young Mith ri

e e a e a t Mile i . la pr ss d . d t s topol s Su l dfts Mithrida te s a t Oreb o

m enus . Pon tu s conquests surrender Mith rida tes succum bs . ed R m e e N i ea e e a t Da r to o , who r sts P c conclud d ’ Bith n a n d im b ri com edes III to y , da nus . F a s troops ’ A rio b arzan es C a a do c . i la i a . to pp jo n Su l , so do C nn s R m e i i a n d a in I a a 1) Ma o L Sc p o C Nor Sull t ly, w rs — M i c . a 2 2 n d i ba nus Ma r a ns , onsuls rian p rty 8 . —8 2 Mu Syr E dm In terven tn of th rida tic Wa r . e T i gra nes of A rm en wh o reu a in v s Pontus . S rto — a in . holds a llW A sia 69 . rius goes to Sp

( 88 )

82— 7 1

W S O P L MO E AR , P U AR V ME T S C T ST OPH E S N , A A R .

8 2 Rom e Ma rius ju n cons set Ja n n seu s return s Sulla an d Cra ssus dft Ma

2 . A e B i e a em i n 7 ft r of Coll n s l . r us a d Ca rb o a t Sa cri G a e a is i a a n d i e Ga e t Sull d ct tor portus Coll n t . o n 79 . N ew c stitu tn on Sulla butch ers 6000 S am li a rc h l i M o a i e a n d a llth e a ia . g b s s . n t s, r ns Mi h i a e ts t r d t s df Murena . Be e i e da u h t m e i m i i in r n c g , Po p y d ts Do t us ei i h em A i a e i Maria r gn w t Ptol y fr c . S rtor us n a nder] xI h er hu s ba n d exile gain s possession of ai e i R m a n ar Sp n, r s sts o m ies— 2 i 7 . C vil wa rs in

E gypt . 8 0 E gyp t Ptolem y xn [A uletes] K— 5 1 s o n em I x of Ptol y .

m i an n in 7 9 Ro e Sulla res gns offic e J seu s besieg g Ra . a n d e i e a a r t r s . g b .

‘7 8 R me M E m Le id u s 'c o n s A e a a — 70 wi w Ro m e Ri in i an i o p , l x ndr Q do s g of Lus t a i m i r n e e i f ls to restore old con sub ts to Ph a risees . Hy u d r S rtor us ; Metellus

stitu tn . an u s i a n d m i i en c H Pr est . Do t us s t a gst

h im .

R me M i e ae m e ei e Me e o T C c ro qu stor . Po p y r nforc s t llus ’ in Sp a in . Serviliu s war

1) Cilicia n pira tes .

F a rth S an a tro ec es [A rsa c es Ph a risees persecute Hyrc a S ertorius dits Pom pey a n d — ’ x i K m rm Me e . a n a tro ec es d e 68 6 R e e a h e e . S ] 9 . o nus fo r d r nts t llus C i i Mn a ira o f n S c n iu s ib e a i o s es sc s Pa rth ia . tr un , f ls p to restore a ncient tri bu na te. i e ae in i i A a i h ea a r I) C c ro qu stor S c ly. pp Cl ud us ds w ian i e Thra c Tr b s .

7‘ 4 Bithyn Nic o m edes III lea ves Rom e 3rd Mithrida tic War — Mi h i a h is Kdm R m e 65 . e dfts to o . t r d t s n i h Cotta i B t ynia .

Rom e Wa r 1) Spa rta cus a n d i — th e Gla d a tors 71 . Grea t successes of Cilicia n pi

ra tes . A i ain c o m e i dfts is r stobulus obt s S rtor us consuls , m a n a m kd : m e dfts Pe ern a d of r y. Po p y p , c o n s a i l q Sp n . Lucul us i h dits M t rida tes . Spa r t c u s df s a t consuls . Sparta cus dftd n r Bru n du i m a wh s u by Cr ssus, o 0 c ru c ifies 6 00 prisoners . Mithrida tes flees before l Lucu lus .

( 90 ) — B. C . 82 7 1

I E T O D NV N I NS, ISCO V S E E T E RIE S C C A R . , I N ,

Rom e c ir In stn of colonies e e a a n d a for v t r ns , don T a e b i in V rro po t . C L c a v b C l us ora t .

e i T i m a R me Gk a s e R me Re m la re Spl nd d r u ph of Sull , o rt scienc s o for s of Sul ,

hi s i i n . a n iz ed . c o n stitu tn en a e d e proscr pt o s p tro of S t , ' a a i o f ib n a gr d t on Tr u te . C b o pta tio n res td to Priestly e e m Coll g s ; su ptua ry la ws . ’ i e P o u i C c ro s r Q in c t o . ’ em x I ks Be en i e . i e Pro ear R Ptol y r c C c ro s S o sc io . A e a n ia n i o m T h e l x dr s k h m . P Mim us in tro dd on e e R a a T i m . m a a e p y llow d r u ph o n st g . Sulla orders divorce of i e e a e Ma i w v s r l t d to r us . ae a e M J C s r n ph of a rius , a n d h u sb of Cornelia C in ’ n a s da u h t e g , r fuses , set 1 9 . i e d efen ds Sext Ro c i i e a t A t en ie R m e Im ro m C c ro s us , C c ro h s stud s o p ve ts o f th e

e i e A h e . i A i A a a n d Lu c ulli in ea i a r t r s to t ns w th nt ochus c d , th tr c l

e E c u . e Z no pi r sc nery . la a t e i set 60 R me h ea e ed i Sul d Put ol , o T tr roof w th i e a t R d e * C c ro ho s . can va s L Corn Sisen n a h is tu of S ocia la n d C iv il

Wa . C ir C r h ron icle of Q a u a dr a u s Cl ud Q ig ri . i e e u R m e i e m e : G C c ro r t rns to o . C c ro co pet s I o tta a n d H ortensius in forensic a o or t ry.

“ A s in iu s Pollio pa tron of C Licin Ma ser a uthor of

e e b . lib i lin ei l tt rs r t .

Mtec en as a n b p tro of letters .

’ l m m a n in h e ee m i e Pro S c a m a n d ro Lucul us co ds C rry tr brought fro C c ro s . i A a M. ic e ea e A ia E e b Lu c u l i a s C ro l v s s to urop y L br ry of Lucullus cons . i i R S c ly for om e. lus ; wh o a lso in tro d s A ia i u ie a R m s t c lux r s t o e. ' Va rro s 3 Books o n A gri

Sertorius kd by Peps rn a a t a Mi h i Osc . t r da tes re c eived by Tigra nes in A rm enia .

Rom e E m ploym ent of gold m in es a i ia Ga of S rd n , ul, Ma e an d ilve i c d, s r m nes

of Spa in .

( 91 ) — B. C . 70 5 9

EW S H C H C H W S PO P L MO E J I UR AR , U AR V H ST O ME T S C T ST O PH E S I RY. N , A A R .

7 0 Rom e Pom pey an d Cra ssus A lexa ndra d nom ina tin g T igran es receives Mithri

l in e a e u l H rc a n u s A i b a e . a it b consu s d fi nc of S y . r sto ulus II d t s C p ol urnt . ’ a s l n li i s b h f l ex a n a s . C cero hi rot er d ts him ; h e e i r s gns .

6 9 S dm i e x d d fts i a e n r yr K T gran s e p . Lucullus T gr n s i T i a r A nt och us xn [A siatic u s] gra n o c erta . W of — — K 65 A i h x R m e 1) e a 67 . son of nt oc us . o Cr t ns 6 8 F a rth Phraa tes III [A rsa c es Lucullus dits T igra nes a t — x1 1 K 60 so n 69 . A rta xa ta a e i ib i ] . 7 , t k s N s s Mith rida tes dfts F a bius in Pontus.

6 7 R m e i e ae ae a Me e e e e e . o C c ro Pr tor. C s r t llus r duc s Cr t ae n a i m e e e Isa qu stor i Sp n . Po p y suppr ss s u Mi h i a e ria n pira tes . t r d t s f T ria riu s e e d ts , r cov rs i Cappa doc a .

A ntipa ter incite s Hyrc a n u s Pom pey in A sia lea g ues Mi h laim th e e . i h Ph ra a tes i to c thron w t , d ts t i s e ei e su bm is r d a te , r c v s i e sion of T gra n s . S yr E dm becom es a Rom a n A reta s a n A ra bia n helps Mith r ida tes retrea ts to th e

i e b e i n H rc an u s A ri is B h . 1 s t i a prov nc , y xpuls o of y , stobulus osp orus consp r cy

A i h xI I : en d d in em e a i i e . m e in nt oc us of y shut up T pl . of C t l n Po p y

a o leu c id h a a . n sty f S e se . t e C uc sus C app a d o c A ris b a rz a n es II Rom a n interposition : A ri Pom pey c o n qs Syria an d Ph ilo rh u —42 in — 3 o m oe s K to b u lu s dfts A e a . a e e 6 . [ ] . s r t s P l st Ga la tia n dom in extended b Deio ta ru s y . R m e i e a n d m e a e e u a em 2 n d i a a i i e o C c ro cons, L C Po p y t k s J r s l , consp r cy of C t l n

ae a m i i . J u oc a esta b ls H rc an u s K e b i e J C s r duu v r d y II suppress d y C c ro .

m a e i a Ro m e. 5 7 sen s A i d tr but ry to , d r stobulus to R m e en e H H o o , t rs oly of A n i a e ea u t p t r r l r ler .

6 2 Ro m ae r c o n e C sa r Praetor . Syria Ca tiline dftd by p o s C a n d e i ia o n e R m a Pho n c o n A ntonius .

prov .

C J Caesa r governor in

a in o n s Lu sitam a . Sp , c q

D en m k Sc io ld ls t K . P a rth Mithrida tes III [Ar sa c es xIII ] K— 5 4 5 5 so n om . R e Lea gue of Po m e a n p y Cr ssus a d C aesa r . E gyp t Ptolem y xII a cknow Insurrection a gst Ptolem y

e e b R m a . R m e XII l dg d y o ns o . C aesa r an d M Ca lp Bibu lus (Sen a toria l n om in ee) c n o suls .

4- s . 0 . 5 8 5 1

W S PO P L M n : AR , U AR o

‘ 5 8 E m x1 1 a e e i e gyp t Ptole y expd . C to s nt to d pr v Pto — ae T ryph aen a 5 7 a n d Bere lem y xn o f Cyprus . C sa r — — i e 5 5 een d a u h ts . in Ga 5 0 dfts H e e ii n c Qu s , g ul , lv t R m e ae a ro c o n n G m an i o C s r p s of a d er . Ga a n d I — 4 ul llyricum 5 , P di e ib e Clo n tr pl b .

5 7 Rome m e a dm in ists I u e i A i t ul ae a c o n s Ga lia Bel Po p y ns rr ct on of r s ob us, C s r q l ’ ie n Gabin iu s e e E a i a . i s Ma c edn a m suppl s of cor . d pos s yro g c P so r y

esta bls i a h m i ie . nus II, ol g rc y ut n s 47 5 suprem e in depe an h ri dent s ed ns .

‘ 5 6 A rm en A r av sd s K— 34 A e e so n Re e e i n t a e . Re volt of l xa nd r of volt of V n t put dow I n d ia i m b ae a Pa rth Wa r 1; c r E ra of Vikra a A ristobulu s in a b sen ce of y C s r .

di a r. A rm en . ty Gabiniu s .

5 5 E gyp t Ptolem y x1 1 restd by Defea t of Alexa nder by Ga Caesar dfts Germ a n trib es

Ga bin iu s . R m e 2 n d biniu s n ea Mt T a n r b e in vs B i a i o con r bor. Co l nz , r t n , n sulsh ip of Pom pey a n d la nds r Dea l. Cra ssus Pro vn c lgo v sh ips of th e tri um virs prolonged - 5 0.

5 4 P th O ro d es r A rsa c es a s e em e ae a a a i in v s B i a i a r [ Cr ssu plund rs T pl C s r g n r t n , — xrv K 3 b he . Ho m e a e i C a ssivela u n a e ] 7 rot r of t l nts. d ts , t k s ’ R C a n terb u r a n d A lb a n s . upture of C aesa r a n d y S . m A m bio rix i e in Ga Po pey begin s ; M P Ca to r s s ul, ’ Prfeto r. d fts C o tta . a Pa r p Cr ssus h i am a i — 5 3 t a n c p gn .

5 3 R me A i a i a bt e A le a e a a in e ae a ei e dfts A m o g t t on con r x nd r g r volts C s r r nforc d,

elec tn m in terre a tter B C a rrh se . 0 Ga s bio rix a e at , 7 ths g of . Cr ssus rout d n C a rrh ee R m a a m c a um . siu s succeeds Cra ssus . , o n r y p m n c turo d a t S a a.

m e A i i a i e l wi h Ga e e i e i Ro g tat on renewed . C ss us qu l s revolt t ul und r V rc ng tor x m e a i e o c o n H A i e a ae a wh o Po p y r s d t sole aid of erod nt pa ter . r volts gst C s r ulsh i e Ger o ia s p by Bib ulus a n d los s B of g v .

v C a to .

— 25 1 E gyp t Cleopa tra 30 a n d Vercin getorix dftd ; Caesa r — Ptolem y x m 47 joint so com pletes con quest of Ga ul — verei n s o hild 5 0. a i s dfts Par g , ren . Ga u l C ss u m a de a Ro m an th ian s n er O sa c es a n d prov. Rom e u d M Pa c C a rcellus a n d L E m o ru s . Pa ullus consuls : Curio ’ T i n e ae a i a r bu C s r s part s n .

( 94 ) — B . 0 . 5 8 5 1

BIO GRAPH Y A N D T PO PH O GRA Y.

Ph ilo da m u s E p ic u r p h ilo s Ro me D em oc ra tic m ea sures i e e r C lo d iu s . a e t a tRo me wo rsh i O tn e e C to s nt o , p n yp of Clod n ; str t clubs ’ ei ie in tro dd esta bd e i d e M d t s . ; Lucr t us

’ ae a C m m en a rie . C i Riots of Clo diu s a t Rom e . C s r s o t s ’ i e e P Red -itw n an d Reca ll of C c ro . c ro s ost ,

Mee i th e i m i a t I nd ia c ir 9 em i e a t ng of tr u v rs g s of L t r t ,

a . a e e Dh an wan tari med Va Luc C to r turns to g ,

R m . i e m raru c hi a m m A m o e P so r ca lled fro gr , era i a lex ic o r a i a a S nh g , K l d s

d ra ma t e . , po t Ro me L ex d e Bo i Ced en di n s s. Cice ’ D e ro s Respo n s is , P ro S es i Pro Ru t o , fo , P ro B a l ' bo D e Pro v in c iis . a , C stor s h n le C ro o nds . ' C ir Lu c retiu s La ae sa i e a R m e ls t e m an e ea e t po et ks hf. C r s br dg cross o p r nt th tr R i e n r e u i a m e hi s i h h n Cobl ntz, b lt th t of Po p y ; h g in 1 a e c e m 0 days. r t d nsus for jury en . Lex T rebo n ia a ssigns pro i e i m i C i v nc s to tr u v rs . ’ e d e P lit I n Pis c ro s o , o n em , Pro P la n eio D e , Ora tore. ’ Corn Nepos Ch ron an d L ive o Ge e a ls s f n r . ’ im pea ch ed an d Rom e c ir Im pro vem t of dies Ro me Cicero s Pro Postu mo

a n i ed i an d D e Re u bl. A ris o d e b sh . Cra ssus govs for co n p t ‘ s v m u s a h A Syria . C a si ela u n c o m pa tronized by ut or of rt of m a B i i h c es h is i a M a la e . Parth en iu s o en s nds r t s for ; d u , V rro , F tt ry p

a i a A b a n i c e . c p t l a t S . l ns us s hool of po try V a L a t Q C tullus po et d . ia i e m Jul w f of Po pey d .

’ Cra ssus a n d Rom a n officers C ir C aes a r s T rea tise on kd a t Sin n ac a . 1 0 lin u i i A na l , 000 1e g st c ogy. io n aries a i n g P rth a serfs .

’ C lo diu s kd in fra y wit h Rom e Cicero s Pro Milo n e Mi Mi b a a n d 2 D i lo . lo nished to ( ) e L eg bu s : c ir

Ma ile a b . eli a i a l m Ov em t rse l s . S llust a tri C t c or tor c b M J B M e . R pl of rutus, C ufus a A i n C lvus, C Poll o a d S i C Cur o. ’ Cicero govern or of Cilicia Caesa r s D e B ello Ga llico n d i n i a bld h e a Cyprus. Pos do us p ; ot r C om m en ta ries — R m C ir e i en 44. a l a t o e . Prop rtiu s wr tt S l ust set ’ L a t e b 35 H is C a tili po t . t of n e s C o n spira c y a n d J u gu rthin e “ Wa r. Serv Su lp Rufus i wri e R m a J u s t r on o n r p r .

( 95 ) 5 0— 44

J E WIS H C H URC H H S T O I RY.

’ 6 0 Rom e C ze sa r defended a gst Ja son s origina l 2 Ma cca Pa c o ru s m a kes pea ce with

m e b M A i . ee e i m i e We R m a a 1) his a e Po p y y nton us b s p to z d ( st o ns , w rs f th r

. e a e e a Po m . O ro d es m e S n t r c lls both cott) . Po p y a t re ’ a n d ae a e a p y a C s r . qu st of C to s pa rty m e arch s v Caesa r .

E E i n e e a em A ris to b u C ae a e R i gyp t xpuls o of Cl o Fr sh tt pts of s r cross s ub con ,

a a . R m e ae a e a a n d A e a e h a n d m a e I a e e p tr o C s r r c ll lus l x nd r ; bot st rs t ly, nt rs

ed an d a ed ea . R m e a ke Ma i ia dfts , outl w ; Consuls put to d th o , t s ss l , given dict a toria l power ; Pom peia ns in Spa in S a r ae a e r a i a i ia a n d i i i C s r r tu ns d ct tor d n S c ly. Cur o a n d po n tif m a x . dftd by Juba o n th e Ba a a his a m e gr d s , r y surr nd ers a m eia to V rus . Po p ns successful o n E A dria tic a co st . R me ae a a n d e i ae a a e a i m o C s r P S rv C s r t k s Dyrr ch u , a m d fts m e h lius consuls . D agc Po p y a t P arsa o m R n d Mi a m ve t of ufus a lo . lus , burns A lexan dri n flee is b a e a t Ph a t, lock d d Ph rn a c e i ros. a s r ses , dfts Ga in iu i b s a t Nicopol s .

E gyp t Cleopa tra m a de sole Hyrc a n u s II restd by Julius C aesa r dfts Ph arn a c es a t —4 A n ti ter ro e a e m i O e ei b aree . R me ae a 0 a a t s sov r gn y C r o C s r . p p Z l , qu lls ut ny

ae a a n d i a a aea . H e u a em a A i a . C s r cons ; d ct tor cur tor of Jud rod p , b rks for fr c 1 2 m h em a i h is so n ee Ga i ee Ga b in iu s ff b Da l ont s . D gog c fr s l l of cut o y m o vem Do la b ella e m a ia a Va tin iu s t of P . robb rs . t n , but P “ Pon tu s a dded to th e Ro dfts M Octa vius th e Po m

eia n ea e o fi a u i . m a n E m p . p l d r T r s N u m idia a n d Ma u reta n ia a H erod obtains rule of C cele Caesa r dfts Pom peia ns a t

T h U i a . Ro m R m e ae a ia . a a e Prov. o C s r Syr psus , t k s t c cons (with M E m L epi C aec il Ba ssus revolts in raef m m —44 dus) p oru . Im e a i e e e p r tor for l f , r duc s e a ia i i e e in s n tor l pr v l g s , vm trods person a l go t. S e n e m em a t 900 bers .

45 Rom e Caesa r cons sine col C aesa r dfts Pom peia ns a t u a i df s M nd . Ca ss us t

C aec ilBa ssus .

R me ae a a n d M A n H rc a n u s e a i a i a M B 44 o C s r to y r p rs w lls Consp r cy of rutus , ae a e a em a a a i L nius consuls . C s r a ppd J rus l . P S C sc , C C ss us , i a an d raef m m T im e Dec B d ct tor p oru C b r , rutus , C s s n T eb a n m e for life . After h is a s a s r onius , d urd r of — a a h e a i 31 M ae a . A in C is a l n rc y pr v ls . C s r ntony A n i e Ga T h e M i e nto n ius a d P C Dola p n ul . ut n ar—43 bella con suls . W .

( 96 )

— B. C . 43 32

L T L H T PO I ICA IS O RY. T H IS O RY.

R m e ei e b a ia i a Ma li c h u s e ea A n a t r m o s z d y Oct v n ; Consp r cy of , D f t of tony Fo u

iu m i a e e i A i a e i e . H e Gallo ru m a n d M i a tr v r t of L p dus, nt p t r po son d rod ut n ; a ian a n d A n a i e i Ma i rec o n c ilia tn i e Oct v tony. C ss us r s st l of host l

wh o a a t e ea er . chus f lls Tyr . l d s

R m a n E m i i e a e 1 s t B i i i e ea o p d v d d ft r of Ph l pp , d f t of B of Philippi by th e triu m Oct a via n ; 2 n d B a n d defea t

i B . A dfts v rs . of rutus ntony

A rio b arz a n es . A a i H e a n d Wa r a a v A n ntony ppo nts rod of Oct vi n tony. Ph a sa el h tetra rc s ofJu d fea .

H rc a n u s e e b A n ia i y d pos d y Octa v n t a kes Parus a . ti o n u s wh o e — 3 a a ia a n d g rul s 7 . P ct of Oct v n A h H e a t R m m r n L rod o e a de K of tony a t B u d u siu m . a e C ir— 2 5 E a b ien u s e r J ws . sdr s II u n d r O o des in vs

b ab i e Pa r ia . pro ly wr tt n . Syr th ia n s expelled from Ju

d ea . A D 70 3rd Ma c

c a b ees . Pa c t of T rium virs with S Po m eiu s Mis n p at e um . L ab ien u s c o n s ilic ia q S . H erod m Maria m ne gra nd Wa r of Oct a via n v S Po m — a h e O r c a n u s a id S ei 36 . e i i Ah d ug t r n , p us V nt d us, R m i i ’ dft o a ns n s ege of Jeru tony s genera l , s La

a m b ien u s . s le . I n ia E m Vic ra m a dit a e a em ake E n d A i a e e n d p of y J rus l t n . of Cons gr pp s cur s fro h A . F a h P ra a tes r A m ea a Ju ie Ga u . I rt IV [ s on n dyn sty. t r of l K— A D 1 s a c es xv] 5 so n . d aea under th e H erods m e a i A D 44 H e th e G ea Ro Prolong t on of . rod [ r t] — 4 e h iu m ira e . B o e b A n tr v t , nt ron d y m a a e th e A sm o tony, ss cr s n ea n s a n d th e a h e i S n dr n . A n an elm a de H Priest ; is e e d p os d . Rom e L epidus degra ded A ri stob ulus brother of Ma A grippa dfts S Po m peiu s

m i m i i ria m n e H ie set 1 o ff N a u lo c h u s . a h ia fro tr u v rsh p . Pr st 7 . P rt n expedition an d defea t of A ntony . A rm enian expedition of A n — tony 34 Octa via n a t a k a h sc i a n d T a u risc i t c s S . Po m eiu s i r e is L p nsu g nt, a e i e t k n pr son r. A i e C a le-S ia H e ks A i A n a A n a e A rtava sd es ntony g v s yr rod r stobulus . tony c ptur s

an d C u s e a a n elH ie restd . A m e ia . a ia yp r to Cl op tr . Pr st K of r n Oct v n ' red u c es Dalm a tia an d Pan ni — 33 no a .

A m A r axi s K s n a h i Me ia ex r en t a o . P rt a ns conq d ,

pelRom a ns fr om A rm en ia .

Cir Schools of H illel a n d Octa via n prepares for war

h a m m i. f d S a H erod d t by v A nton y. Ma lch us K of A rabia Pe ees tr .

( 98 ) — B . C . 43 32

’ Dio do ru s Sic u lu s B iblio 43 a H s — 1 3 thec i t .

’ — 42 Virgil s B o log n a 3 9 . P T elegia c e p o t .

‘ Fulvia wife of A ntony ex

“ E ra of Caesa rs o r Spa n ” is h E ra da tes from this

yea r .

’ a L a t e (1 Ha u Misen um il G s 0 . i e r i 3 . P T V rro po t rbo r of . V rg s o g c - i h in e e n m a ts n C s h is t .

A ti n ex ec d m e n go us a t Ro .

’ A n e i e e M a a 3 6 tony r un t d to Cl o T V rro s D e re ru s tic . Propertius a pplies h f to “ o e F p try . u rn ii c ra ters a t R m e o . ’ Rom e em bellished by M C ir H ora ce s lst Bk of 3 5 S a i e t r s .

h i Sa llust stu d .

A grippa restores Rom a n Libra ry of Octa via n found u hlic u i i a n d ed p b ld ngs foun . ain t s . A n i e nto y d vorc s Octavia . A ntony tra n spts Libra ry of A i ie i e e a m A e a ia tt cus fr nd of C c ro d . P rg us to l x ndr . — B. 0 . 31 19

W S P AR , PO ULAR MO VE H ST O M E T S T ST I RY. N , C A A RO PH E S .

R m e a ia em e H e dfts Ma ks a ia a e a o Oct v n supr rod lchus , Oct v n t k s Corcyr ,

1 4 H rc a n u s a t Ma dfts A O ff A i m . A D . y gr nd of n tony ct u E rth in ria m n e . a q Pa lestine d e e e stroys p opl .

m i i H in a ian i A n n e 8 0 E gyp t a Rom a n Province . Do n on of erod Oct v d ts tony a r

Ju A e a ria . Rom e Octa via n receives crea sed by Octa via n . l x nd I d ae m i titl e of m pera tor ; sena t e a exe pt from tr bu te.

o f 1 000 m em b ers .

Ma ria m ne fa lsely a ccused T em ple of Ja nus closed by

a n d c r ee a ia . d . Oct v n

“ 2 8 R m e a ia i e Ri e e H e ia o Oct v n pr nc ps s of s ct of rod ns . ” e a em i e im s n tus, p r of peria l a n d sena torial pro

vinces .

2 7 Ro m e Octa via n [A ugu stus] Rom e Sub juga tion of G er a ccepts sovereign power m a n a n d D a cia n tribes 4 1 0 rs i i e th e 2 . for y , nst tut s

concilium secretum . Greek thea tre of H erod g am es a n d foreign custom s

in tro dd .

m i b H e m A e e a a Sa ar a re uilt . rod ugustus r duc s C nt bri Ma i m a n A stu re m r a ne da ugh ter of d s . Te ple of

Bo e u s a e a i . P a th . J nus clos d ag n r ’ thia T irid a tes revolt sup e e pr ss d . 2 4 A m b a ssa dors from C h in a A rab ia n expeditn a n d fa ilu re E lG a l to Rom e of lus . 2 3 Rom e A ugustus obta ins tri i e a i b u n c ia pot st s for l fe.

B i in ae a ea e n a u e a n d a t R m e . u ld g of C s r b gu . Pl g floods o Revolt of Ca nta b ri in a i A i e c o n s i Sp n . bort v p a n as i ra c y o fMurena d C p o . C a nda ce E th iopia n Q inva e e E gypt , r puls d. A in i ugustus Syr a , confers T ra ch onitis A u ra n itis an d Ba a ea H e t n on rod.

— 2 0 A rm an T i es 1 1 K 1 0. A i m A i gra n ugustus d s isses c o m T ib erius settles rm en a . ’ Settlem ent of G k a n d pla ints a gst H erod s go A s ia i i b A u rn m en t c prov nces y ve t. I ia a n d S c gustus . nd n y h ia em a ie R m e t n b ss s to o . 1 9 Rom e A ugustus ob ta ins po A grippa suppresses revolt e a c o n s ularis a n d o t st s p of C a nta bri. testa s censoria .

( 1 00 )

— B . . c 18 5

E WIS H C H URCH PO L T C L H S T O J I I A I RY .

’ 1 8 Rom e A ugustus imp eriu m e e rs e a e r n wed for 5 y . S n t reduced to 600 m em b ers . A i i e i e gr pp a tr bun for l f .

Cir H erod begins to rebuild

T em ple .

H e i i R m e e n R m e rod v s ts o , r tur s o Troops i h h is A le an e m an ib e w t sons x d r tr s . a n d A i b A i a r sto ulus . gr pp is ts e e v J rusa l m . M as ia 1 5 ia C a n a b ia . A u s tr , t r , s Rom e Successes of Rh cetia etc Rom a n pro in Ionia a n d — 4 u i e . B h 1 v nc s osp orus . Dr sus a n d T ib erius conq Rh oeti a n d in e i i V d l c . H erod h elps A grippa in Bosphorus : b uilds A n ti a i C h ro n Ph a s aelis p tr s, yp ,

etc . Drusus left to gu a rd Rh e

nish frontier.

1 2 P a n n on ia a Rom a n Pro Rome Su bju ga t of N Ger i e R m e A m a n ib e b u a n d v nc . o ugustus tr s y Dr sus i e Ma im Pont f x x us . ’ H erod a ccuses h is son s T ib erius ca m pa ign s in Pa n n A rist u ia a n d m ia A l exa d er a n d o b non D a l a t . Dru ’ b e e A a m a i 1) h e u i lus for ugustus . sus c p gns C r sc a n d Ca tti 9 . u a s es In K— Cir H e e i a e ae a 1 0 A rm en A rd d 7 . rod d d c t s C s

A u gustus confirm s privi leges of A lexa ndria n Jews . H erod plunders Tem ple T ea r sury.

’ 8 A im e iu m re H e i i R m e . Re i e i ee s ugustus p r rod v s ts o volt T b r us succ ds Drusu ,

e 1 0 rs in T a h i i e e . m a ke ea e i h G er new d for y . r c on t s suppr ss d s p c w t m a ex A u ileiu s ns . S t q c n s a ia o q P nnon . 7' A rm en A rdu a sd es expd : ri H erod execs Alexa nder an d l a hi a an d A i b aea vir v a a pptm ts of P rt r sto ulus . Jud l R m a i e R m e tu a l a . o . y o n prov nc T h e 2 c d Maria m n e di v o rc ed im h er a e , S on f th r deposed . 6 Rom e Tib erius receives tri

b u n itia pot esta s for 5 yrs . A ntipa ter con dem n ed for conspira cy.

( 1 02 ) — B. 0 . 18 5

BIO G RAPH Y A N D P PH T O O GRA Y.

R me Tib ullus L a t poet d . o Dedica tion of books in tro d d L ex ia d e . Jul A m bitu a n d x d e M i , Le a r a di O rdin ib u s L t n s . Variu s a n d Plo tiu s T u c c a prepa re E ei i a i n d for publ c t on.

A ugustus a dopts sons of Ro m e Ludi S aec u lares a re A in e e a e wi m A grippa . ugustus c l br t d th grea t a g ’ — 1 A i a i i n ific en c e H a e C a r Ga ul 5 . gr pp v s ts . or c s

m en S cec u la re. L ex Pe tro n ia o e i a e pr t ct ng sl v s. ‘ i a a m a R m e c ir h E m ilin e Ma cer L a t poet d . N col us D scus o Sc ools of juris hi e n p lo s . prud nce u der C a peto an d La beo .

’ ’ Orb ilius Pu pillu s H ora ce s T a o -tse religion b egin s in Ro me Lex Jun ia N o rb a n a 1 5

u a b t m a m i i n a e . t tor d . nu ss o of sl v s

Spa in Roman roa d extend ’ ed a i Lu diu s a to C d z . l st e i ers of a rly p a n t .

’ A ugustus a n d A g rippa re H ora ce s Odes Bk Iv (Fra n 1 3 s turn to Rom e . kin ) ; E pistles Lib II a n d — A rs Poetica S i m A ri Lep dus triu vir d. g p a e m a e ib e p p r n nt tr un d .

’ a ia A u i e A u m e e ea e Oct v ug stus s st r d . ug stus co pl t s th tr T ib i Ma e er us m Julia . of rc llus .

’ Cla udius Caesa r [Ro m E m p] Rom e E gyptia n rite s dis Juli u s H ygin us d e C as tra 1 0 n e a i re i i b a t L u gd u u m . A u pla c n t on al l g on . m e ta tio n e etc .

gustus ag a in in Ga ul . ’ Drusus A ugustu s a dopted A ugustus reforms J u lia n Rom e D ecline of Com itia

so n Ka le a . eb a O f T ribu te L ex a ia d . nd r F ru ry . P p Pop ’ 28 a A u 31 ass L iv s H is in 1 42 d ys ug st of . p . y t ( ’ Bks i E i ) ends . Ov d s p ce i ea h d on on d t of Drusus . a M H or ce L a t poet d . ae cena s pa tron of letters d .

H ist of Dionysius of H a li a m e e c rn co pl t d .

“ T iberius j ea lous of A grip Theodorus of Ga da ra ’

a s e i e R . hils p sons r t r s to hodes p o . ’ Rome Survey a n d repa ir of M T T iro s Life of C icero ’ - a e e . etc C ir w t r cours s . Ovid s A m ores a n d H e i es ro d .

( 103 ) — B . o . 4 1

Po L IT IC A L H IST O RY H S T O I RY.

B i a in c ir m i e E H R T . r t Cy bel n K . Birth of J SUS C IS “ Ma ssa cre of th e Inno ” H e cents . rod shuts up Jewish chiefs in Hippo d m e ro . H e e e A n i a e rod x cs t p t r , d i i di a t Jerich o . Dom n ons h e a v ided b etw A rc l us , h i i a n d A i a A r P l p , nt p s . c h ela u s procla im ed K by 3 00 e e in troops , ks 0 p opl T em e pl . A rm an E ra to widow of A r Disturba nces in Ju daaa put

ta b a zu s A a h b a . A h e Q . n rc y down y V rus rc i i e eth A D 2 . la us rece ves t tl of

n a rc h a t Rom e . Will of H m e erod confir d . ’ E lea z a r m ad e H Priest Ca ins C aes a r s expeditn a gst A r e Ph ra a tes ch la us . .

1 04

IN D E X .

A a ia n i t an e 48 2 4 1 l gr r d s urb c s , 7 ; a w s ee L a ws ; com m iss ion 1 32 A bd era foun ded 65 4 A grigen tiu m coloni zed 5 8 2 a Repu bl472 A a e 406 2 62 bed nego 5 8 0 t k n , A b c i ed 15 A i a M 63 35 33 1 9—12 ydos olon z 7 gr pp V , , , A ca dem y ls t 38 6 ; 2n d 2 90 ; 3r d 1 70 A h ala Q S 360 A a e 65 4 A a e s a m e 5 2 9 e e 48 3 c nthus found d h su ru (C bys s) ; (X rx s) , A c a rn a n ia i a e 45 4 39 1 479 nv d d , — A ccius trag ed n 1 39 A ha z K 742 7 2 6 A aea ea e 393 2 70 2 5 6 2 5 5 25 1 A ba es e 664 B 3 67 ch n L gu , , , , . l d troy d ; 243 2 2 1 2 1 5 0 1 4 is e A b an wa r 67 1 , 9 , 9 , , 7 ; p r on rs l 1 67 1 49 A b an in c a e 664 , l s orpor t d A c h aam en es governor 48 5 A lbin iu s chronicler 15 1 A c h aam o n idae 5 5 8 A lexeu s poe t (1 6 10 ; (2) 38 5 ; (3 ) 1 96 A c h o ris K 399 A lc a m en es sc u )pt 440 A i i 1 1 91 2 1 42 A ibia e a e m a 45 9 42 0 s e 404 c l us ( ) ; ) lc d s st t s n , q , ” A cta Diurna 9 A lc im u s H priest 1 63 A ctium B 31 A lcm a n poe t 670 A da sa B 1 6 1 A lc m aao n id aa expelled 5 9 7 A dh erb a l1 1 8 1 1 7 1 1 3 1 1 2 A lec e 348 , , , tryon po t E i e 493 3 67 Ale a e th e G ea 336—323 th e M d l s , x nd r r t ; olos [E tes B 2 41 ia 33 382 E ga s n 7 , ; of pirus 2 66 ; Ba la s IE in s e e 45 5 1 5 3 1 5 1 1 49 1 46 e e e 1 42 g r duc d , , , ; Pr t nd r E o s o ta m i 405 a b i a a 1 2 6—1 2 2 Ja n n aeu s 1 5 — g p B Z n ; 0 7 8 , m i i a l 1 2 1 9 2 1 6 2 1 68 A risto b uli 5 6 - 49 H ero dis 1 6—7 l us P u lus ( ) , ( ) , ; 1 67 1 60 Alexa n ra 78—70 , d Q ZEn ea s m h 608 2 62 A e a ia n e 3 32 e ie e 1 69 , yt of, , l x ndr fou d d ; b s g d E i 1) R m e 47 1 465 462 449 41 4 38 9 Ale a ia e 3 32 3 1 2 9 qu o , , , , , ; x ndr n J ws , , a nnexed 303 A lexis poe t 35 6 ' E s U xo ru m 403 A llra B 390 E sc hin es a 38 9 343 3 30 3 1 4 A b e v R m e 1 2 2 1 2 1 or t , , , llo rog s o , E sc h lu s e 5 2 5 499 48 4 k 42 A a b e a i 2 34 y po t , , ; wor s 7 lph t , L t n Al a e wi 1 68 45 6 t r to Z us , Je sh a b i 620 5 70 A l a e 62 5 —5 68 sop f ul st , y tt s K E to lia n e a e 340 320 2 84 em b a A m a s is 5 69 L gu , , ; ssy K , 2 38 A m a th u s B 1 03 v 2 1 20 v Ma c e A m bio rix 4 5 3 E to lia n s A c h aaa n s 1 5 . 5 , ; d , — 1 99 ; 1) Rom e 1 92 1 8 9 A m b rac ia 1 89 A fra n iu s L 90 A m n eiu s B 8 8 A frica circum n a viga ted 61 0 A m on K 642- 640 A a th a rc ides hi stn 1 1 3 1 1 1 A m h i i ei e 35 8 g , p pol s s z d A a h e e 31 7 - 2 8 9 1 2 94 2 8 2 A m rtasu s 460 45 5 449 g t ocl s d spot ( ) , ; y K , , 2 ) 2 05 A n a c h a rs is m ech a nicia n 5 92 A a tra edn 416 A n a e e 5 3 1 5 2 7 5 5 9 —5 1 4 g t on g cr on po t , ; works A ela da s 5 00 A n a n elH ie 37 34 g sculp t pr st , A ela a e 2 1 A a a a hi 5 00 460 432 42 g us str t gus 7 n x gor s p los , , , 7 A e Po m tin u s i e 382 A n a x a n drides c o m ed n 347 340 g r p colon z d , A esila u s 399—360 A a im a e h i 6 10 5 60 5 47 g II n x nd r p los , , A esi o lis e e a 385 380 A a im e e h il 5 40 g p g n r l , n x n s p os A i e e a 41 8 33 1 Iv 2 44 2 41 A a i e 38 7 g s g n r l ; III ; , ncon colon z d 08 I D E N X .

— A ncu e Ma rtin s K 640 61 6 A rch ida m us genera l 367 s eq A n d o c id es a 467 420 41 5 —39 1 A h il h e 0 or t , , rc oc us po t 70 A ia 1 66 A h im e e m e h a 2 8 7 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 ndr rc d s c n , , , A n drisc u s 1 49 A rc hin u s ora t 403 A ndronicus of Rh odes 68 A rch ippus c o m ed n 41 5 A n d ro tio n a e m a 38 5 A h i e e 45 08 680 5 0 40 st t s n rc t ctur 7 , 7 , , 6 , 6 , A a a e 2 69 6 1 6 604 600 5 95 5 88 5 5 0 5 40 5 3 2 nt gor s po t , , , , , , , , A n ta lc ida s ea e 38 5 00 43 442 400 380 32 432 2 2 1 4 , p c of 7 , 9 , , , , , , , A n th em o n h i 1 1 5 1 5 4 p los 79 , 5 , 6 A i 3 2 3 3 2 0 3 1 6—301 h a A a t A h e 5 2 7 1 4 68 3 nt gonus , K , , ; Soc u rchons t ns 7 , , 2 89 G o n a ta s 2 77 2 68 2 66 A ea b e ie e 5 1 0 ; , , ; Dosou rd s g d 2 2 9 2 24 2 2 1 aea 1 1 06 2 A rd u a s d es 1 0—7 , , ; of Jud ( ) , ( ) K — 40 37 A rdys K 68 6 A im a h e 1 75 3 2 405 A e a em e le 46 1 nt c us po t ( ) , ( ) r op gus r od l d A ntioch founded 2 99 A retmu s m ed 5 0 A io h 2 80 2 5 2 61 2 61 2 49 A e a 65 64 nt c us , I , 7 , ; II , , r t s K , — 2 46 ; III (th e grea t) 2 2 3 1 87 ; Iv 1 76 A rgen tin u s go d 2 69 1 4 1 64—1 62 1 46 - 1 43 1 40 A r in u s aa B 40 6 ; Y ; v1 ; VII , g 6 1 3 —12 1 2 6 1 2 1 —1 1 4 1 1 1 1 5 A i e em 48 a r 1 8 a i es 7 9 ; VIII , , , 0 rg v supr a cy 7 ; w 7 ; ll a nc C z ic en s 1 1 441 1 5 1 41 96 ; Ix ( y u ) ; x 9 ; 48 , 7 — x1 1 69 65 ; histu 424; Dionysus 93 ; A ria ra th es K 94 ph ilos 8 7 A rim inum fortifi ed 2 68 A i a e e e 331 32 3 3 20- 3 1 8 h i A rio b a rza n es 84 64- 42 nt p t r , r g nt , , ; p I II 1 44 h istn 1 2 1 1 1 5 th e I m aea A i e 6 1 5 los ; , ; du n r on po t 3 —43 H ero dis 5 3 A i ae m a h em 38 0 6 , 47 ; , r st us t A n tipa tris b uilt 14 A ris ta go ra s genera l 5 01 —498 A n tiph a n es poet 38 7 A rista rch us tra ged n 45 4; a stron 2 8 4; A n tiph ilu s pa inter 332 critic 1 5 6 A i h a 48 0 41 2 41 1 A i i e a e m a 489 48 3 480 478 nt p on or t , , r st d s st t s n , , , , A ntisth enes ph ilos 396 h istu 1 97 468 A n tiu m ta ken by Rom e 468 ; colon iz ed A ristippus ph ilos 392 465 338 i e e e 45 9 A i b l 1 06405 7 2 63 5 7 49 , ; nd p nd nt r sto u us I ; II , , ; M 1 2 8 2 8 3 44—3 1 H 3 3 4 H ero di s 1 6— A n i 1 0 9 8 7 . . 6 7 ton us ( ) , , ; ( ) , ; Pt , ; “ 62 A i em 38 2 6 A rt F a C r stod us K 7 , 7 ; of l t A 33 er b 5 4 pelles painter 5 t y y, A ph a reus tra ged n 368 A risto geito n 5 1 4 A phrodite a na dyom ene 3 35 A risto m edes gra m m 60 A i i 2 3 4 m en e e a 84 e E tn p s k lled 5 3 , 6 A risto s g ner l 6 s q ; gyp A h i 35 5 e e 1 1 8 4 pollo Pyt us r g nt 99, A 1 45 1 1 5 a i e 430 A risto n ic u s e e e 1 33—1 2 9 pollodorus chron , p nt r ; Pr t nd r poet 2 93 A risto n ym u s libra ria n 1 8 3 A pollonius m a them 2 47 ; Rh o diu s poet A ristoph a nes c o m ed n 460 ; works 42 7 — 2 47 ; genera l 1 68 146 38 0 ; gra m m 2 47 A i a i 1 47 1 47 0 2 45 0 A ris tO h o n a 372 pp us Cl ud us ( ) , ( ) p or t ae 3 1 2 2 80 4 2 64 5 1 43 A i e i 3 84 367 3 5 7 347 341 C cus , ; ( ) ; ( ) , r stotl ph los , , , , ; 1 36 35 7 335 —32 2 a ib e 68 works , , tr nscr d A pries K 5 88—5 69 A ris to x en es m usicia n 32 0 A ae Sextiae i e 1 2 2 B 1 02 A risto xen u s e 662 qu colon z d ; po t , A u edu c to 3 2 2 7 2 1 9 5 A i h m e i Gk 5 97 q 9 , , , r t t c A i eia i e 1 8 3 A m e ia kdm 96 1) R m e 35 34 qu l colon z d r n o , A u ileiu s 8 A m i ar h e e 2 35 q S . r ll y sp r A u iliu s M 1 1 8— 1 A m R m a 1 34 30 q 0 , 9 9 r y o n , A ra ro s c o m edn 3 75 A rretium B 2 84 a a 2 8 0 a e m a 2 5 6 2 5 1 A r sa c es 2 5 0—2 48 2 48—2 1 1 8 A r tus stron ; st t s n , , I K II K x 7 2 45 2 1 2 1 3 6 x1 —68 , 7 , 7 ; 76 — A rbela B 331 A rses K 338 336 A a ia 1) E i 365 se A i e 1 301 2 80 2 2 2 2 2 83 rc d l s q rs no ( ) , ; ( ) ; port A a ia e bli 68 1 i i 36 1 A rt Gk 7 2 4 6 76 65 0 5 95 5 80 5 43 5 2 0 rc d n r pu c const tut on , , , , , , , , A rc ea n u s 0 — 04 5 00 463 44442 5 3 35 5 340 335 K 7 9 7 , , , , 97 , , , A e i a h i 2 0 2 75 2 1 0 1 46 8 9 8 1 ia 7 2 4 rc s l us p los 9 , , , , ; Lyd n , A h fir s t u d 8 4 R m a 1 5 5 8 32 0 2 63 2 1 0 1 46 rc se 5 8 , 00 o n 7 , 7 , , , , , A h a a h m e 2 1 1 43 8 1 35 A ia 667 Ba b l ia rc g t us d 9 , , ; ssyr n ; y on n — A rch ela us K Ma ced 41 3 399 ; J u d aea 3 s eq 604; E truria n 483 ; Rh odia n 2 90

I E 1 1 0 ND X .

— Ca les fortified 334 C elts in Greece 2 80 2 78 A sia tic 1 67 ; in Ga llia s Pea ce of 37 1 h istu 2 8 9 Spa in 1 04 in It a ly 1 01 C a lli c ra tid a s a dm ira l 406 C en deb aeu s 1 38 a im a h a h i 5 40 e 2 80 2 43 e 443—2 5 ei 1 C ll c us rc t ; po t , C nsors 6 ; Pleb a n 31 C a llin u s e 36 e R m a 465 2 41 1 5 2 8 po t 7 C nsus o n , , , 9 , Ca llippus 35 3 C enturies Rom a n 1 69 C a llis th en es histu 35 7 Ceph a lus ora t 403 a i a a 3 2 361 C era u n u s ee m C ll str tus or t 7 , s Ptole y Calpurnia 5 9 Ch aeron ea B 338 C a l u rn iu s i 1 85 1 80 h a e o i e 6 4 p P so , C lc don c lon z d 7 Ca lvus C L 8 2 Ch a ldaea ns a t Rom e 1 39 C a m a rina colonized 601 destroyed 5 5 3 Ch a ng -ga n a ca pita l 2 2 9 — Cam byses K 5 2 9 5 2 2 Ch a res sculpt 2 9 2 — Cam illus M F 391 365 Cra ssus 349 C h a ric les dem a gogue 41 5 ora t 32 4 a m a ia ie 338—3 2 8 h a h i 5 04464 C p n n colon s C ron stu , C a n a ls E gyp tia n 61 0 Ba b ylonia n 5 75 C h e H wa n g ‘ te 2 46 ’ ’ Xerxes 484: Philistu s 38 5 M C Ch erry in E urop e 74 ’ ’ D enta tus 2 88 Ptolem y s 2 8 3 C h ers iph ro n a rch it 600 C a nda ce Q 2 2 Ch ersonese Rdm es tabd 5 60; colonized by C a n da u les K 7 35 - 724 Greeks 5 2 2 C a n n es B 2 1 6 Ch erusci 1) Rom e 1 1- 9 Ca nta bria province 1 5 Ch ilo philos 5 97 i d 1) R m e 2 5 2 2—1 2 2 4 C a nta br c o n q o , 9 Chin ese dyn a sty Chow 5 5 ; records 6 a e a e 3 5 m 2 4 1 04 i e e 2 2 a C p na t k n 9 E p 6 , l t ra tur 9 w ll C a p eto 1 6 2 14; a m b a ssa dors 24 C a ph a rsa la m a B 16 1 C h in zin u s K 7 3 1 a 1 34 0 8 3 4 C pitol 6 6 , 5 , 5 9 , , 69 C h io n id es c o m edn 87 C a ppa docia n Kdm founded 744 C h os rilu s tra ged n 5 2 3 a b ie e 2 1 2 2 1 1 h k 8 5 08 C pua es g d , C ora l poetry G 60 , a 1 1 31 1 30 1 1 9 2 1 1 3 h a 2 5 5 C rbo C P ( ) , , ; C P ( ) C ow dyn sty “C P (3 8 7 Ch ronology Rom a n 463 C a rc h em is B 605 h i h i 2 80 240 2 C rys ppus p los , , 07 a i a a em a o f 35 i e M 1 6 8 8 —43 C r a n v l supr cy 7 C c ro T 0 , 9 , 7 9 , 7 , 7 7 ; works C a rn aea th e 675 8 1 - 43 a ea e i 2 1 3 1 70 1 5 5 1 2 9 ili ia a i e 1 02 C rn d s ph los , , , C c prov nc C a rrh ae B 5 3 Cilicia n pira tes 1 02 C a rSeo li colon ised 301 Cim b er L T 44 C rt i 1 im e 5 2 0 a e m a n 45 461 a e a 71 C on paint r ; st t s 7 , a h a e m m e e 75 3 a e i 449 T e 45 1 C rt g , co rc of ; r publ c ruc of 5 5 0 Rom a n trea ty with 5 08 rise of Ginea s 2 80 480 a 409- 392 38 3 368 346 i i a e e a 460 45 8 439 ; w rs , , , C nc nn tus g n r l , , 340 31 —306 1) R m e i Wa C in c iu s A lim en tu s 2 2 5 2 1 8 1 0 , 7 ; o (Pun c rs) L , , 9 m t 1 e i 1 2 1 i H 2 64; de ocra c a 96 r bu l , C nna L C 8 7 , 8 6 C 5 0 y ; t — 45 C in n ela d a n u s K 647 62 5 Ca sca P S 44 C irrh a t a ken 5 91 C a sm en m founded 644 C irrh aea n Wa r 5 95 seq. a a e 3 1 8 3 1 7 3 1 6 3 1 1 306 i Ma im 61 6 a m i i 2 2 0 C ss nd r K , , , , C rcus x us of Fl n us — 2 98 Cisalpine G a ul c o n qd 2 2 5 2 2 2 a i i 493 486 485 H em i a i h ae B 376 C ss us Spur us , , n C t ron 1 46 5 3—5 1 45 44—42 i i m e ie e 449 ; C , , C t u b s g d C a s sivela u n 5 4 Cla s tidium B 2 22 a e I ia 32 a i A 1 47 1 - 470 2 449 3 C st s nd n 7 Cl ud us pp , ( ) ; ( ) ( ) h i 1 1 5 5 6 31 2 2 8 0 2 64 4 143 C a stor c ronolog st , , , ; ( ) h h i 2 63 2 40 Ca ta na t a ken 41 5 Clea nt es p los , le b hi 5 93 5 60 Ca ta pult u sed 399 C o ulus p los , l — a ili e 65 63 62 C leo m bro tu s e e a 37 6 371 C t n , , g n r l M 1 2 34 2 04 1 98 1 95 1 8 7 1 84 C leo m en es 5 10 III 2 36 2 2 7 2 2 6 2 2 1 C a to P ( ) , , , , , , I ; , , , ; 1 5 1—44 M 2 67 62—5 4 46 1 7 0 9 ; P ( ) , , sculp t — Ca tti 1) Rom e 1 1 9 Cleo n ym u s 2 72 — 4 e a a E 1 1 93 1 8 1 1 7 3 S r . Ca tullus 67 5 4 Cl op tr , gypt ( ) , y Ga i m 32 1 1 1 49 1 46 1 37 1 2 6 1 2 1 E 2 ud u ( ) , , , , ; gypt ( ) 1 30—1 2 0 E 3 5 1—30 C eltib eri resettled 1 79 ; c o n qd 97 7 , 9 ; gypt ( ) — Celtic rising 2 85 2 8 3 C leo ph o n 410 IN DE X . 1 1 1 .

Cleron ph ilos 47 1 C tesibiu s m echa n 280 Clisthenes dem ocra t 5 10 Cuna xa B 401 C lito m a c h u s ph ilos 1 2 9 - 1 1 1 Curia H o s tilia 6 72 — Clitu s kd 32 7 ; sa tra p 320 Curio trib un e 5 1 49 a as 6 1 6 1 84 C u riu s e a 2 0 2 88 2 6 2 2 f Clo c , D nt tus 9 , , 7 , 7 ; d ts di e 61 5 8—5 2 h s 2 5 Clo n P , Pyrr u 7 Clusium besieged 391 Curtius M 36 1 Cnidus B 3 94 C u rules in s td 367 C o c re enfra nchised 35 1 Custom s -O ffic e s Ca m pa n ia n 1 9 9 — C o do m an n u s K 336 33 1 C ya x a res K 633 ’ C o lla tin u s L T 5 09 C ylo n s revolt 61 2 Colline Ga te B 82 Cym belin e K 4 ie Gk 34 n i h 3 6 3 4 Colon s 7 Cy c Sc ool 9 , 7 Rh e 2 2 2 2 4 e h ae B be tw Colossus of od s 9 , Cyn osc p al . A l ex . a n d Th e m a a a 2 60 b a 64 betw Colu n rostr t ns 3 ; B . Fla m in u s an d Com a Beren ic is 2 43 Philip 1 9 7 m e Gk 5 78 5 05 48 7 440 43 7 C n o ssem a B 41 1 Co dy , , , , y u ia 42 C e n ta u ria ta 5 8 C Com itia , C r ta 7 ; 7 yph ro n built 1 4 ib a 42 Tr ut 9 , 9 Cyprus 700 ; ta ken by Persia n s 5 3 1 ; re n f i s 5 5 1 5 2 2 479 48 e b Gks 4 A h a Co uc u , , vol s 9 ; ta k n 77 t — t y ; Conon gen 395 390 a s tron 243 nia n victory a t 449 ; Ma cedonia n Consula r la w 1 34 333 Consuls Rom a n 5 09 ; restd 448 ; Spa nish Cypselids expd 5 8 1 1 79 Cyps elus des pot 65 7 Corcyra c olon ized 730 ; ta ke n by Ho m e Cyrena ic Sch ool 392 — 3 1 Cyrene colon iz ed 63 1 ; 0 E gypt 2 66 2 64; Corinna poe tes s 5 02 bequea thed 96 Corinth inva de d 3 93- 391 ; sa cked 146 ; a Cyrenia n m on a rch y 63 1 colony 46 ; reb uilt 45 Cyro paadia 3 94 i ia e b 5 8 1 a i e e 5 40 5 1 5 5 8 se e en e 405 Cor nth n r pu ; rch t ctur , Cyrus K 9 , q ; pr d r — t 335 wa r 39438 7 ; congress 33 8 C yz ic en u s 95 — Coriola nus C M 49 1 488 Cyzicus restored 675 ; B 410 e i 1 5 1 63 Corn l a 7 , e i e 5 5 Corn l us N pos , D C o ro n ea B 394 — Corsica Rom a n 237 0 Ro m e Da cia ns c o n qd 2 7 2 4 ” 1 63- 1 62 Daata les 42 7 ru di B 2 a lm a ia 1) R m e 15 6 1 1 R m a 1 5 5 C o pe o n 81 D t o , o n Corvi used 2 60 Da m a scus destroyed 740 M 343 e m i 1 5 0 1 48 Corvus V D ocr tus , Cosa coloniz ed 2 7 3 Dam on a n d Pyth ia s 38 7 a A e 2 5 2 a 4 a ie h e 605 601 5 70 5 35 5 2 1 Cott C ur l or t 77 , 7 D n l , Prop t , , , , n E tn 5 69 300 D a a ea e 84 Cotto gyp , rd nus p c of i 5 2 1 5 12 se 336 se C ra n n o n B 322 D a r us, I K , q ; III q Gra ntor philos 301 D a tis genera l 490 Cra ss u s P L 205 ; A ris to n ic u s defts 1 30 D eca rch ies A the nian 404 a 1 1 9 1 07 1 02 8 7 D ec elea i e 41 3 L or t , , , P ; fort fi d — — P L 7 1 5 3 Decem viri 45 1 449 e i 340 Mu s 2 95 C ra teru s 32 3 , 32 1 D c us Mi i a i 1 0 Cra te s poet 45 0 ; philos 3 1 8 rhetor 1 69 De Corona 3 30 ; Re l t r 9 ; ” 1 0 5 i i i C ra th is 5 1 0 Ju re Civili 5 , 9 ; Jur s D sc ” “ ” “ Gra tin u s e 45 4436 in a 1 5 0 Ma rita n d es 1 8 ; L egs po t , pl ; C ra tippu s 44 A gra ria 63 ‘ rem ona repeopled 1 90 Dein o c ra tes a rch it 32 4 — Creon A rch on 683 Deio c es K 708 65 5 — Creta ns v Rom e 69 6 7 Deio ta ru s 64 C rim es u s B 342 e hi e 400 D l found d , C ritia s sta tesm a n 404 Delia n trea sury a t A th ens 461 C rito la u s 1 47 ; ph ilos 1 5 5 D elos Rom a n port 1 68 C rm su s 5 68 5 5 4 e h ia a e 398 em e u e e K , D lp n or cl ; t pl pl nd r d i e 1 0 fi 5 4 wa r I) S 35 7 Croton colon z d 7 ; . 9 ; y — em a d es a 32 43 1 8 baris 5 20 5 10 ta ken 2 77 D or t , 3 8 em a a 49 1 Ctesia s histu 9 , 384 D r tus K 1 1 2 INDE X .

em e i Ph alereu s 3 1 7 3 10 307 2 96 E a e ia i e 5 25 a a e D tr us , , , , gypt P rs n prov nc ; r v g d Po lio rc etes 30 9 2 5 2 8 6 283 b am e 2 5 e v 7 , 2 7 , 9 , , , y C bys s 5 r volts Persia 1 1 Ma e 2 39—2 2 9 h a 48 7—48 5 460 i e e e e ia K of c d of P ros , ; nd p nd nt of P rs 2 29 2 1 9 Ba ia 2 06 2 00—1 8 0 405 e ia in v 374 35 1 e ia , ; K of ctr , P rs ns , P rs ns ' 1 3 1 2 r 1 46 e e 4 — K I of Syr 6 , 6 ; K II of Sy r conqu r 3 6 a Sa tra py 346 332 ; 4 1 2 —1 2 6 E u c h aru s 90—8 3 7) ia 2 46—2 43 2 1 —2 1 1 0, 9 ; Syr , 9 7 em a A h e ia 5 10 461 E ia e a e ia a 5 2 3 D ocr cy t n n , gypt ns d p rt d to Sus n m i h i 460 400 3 0 E lea s a B 1 6 1 De ocr tus p los , , 7 Dem o ph a n es ph ilos 2 5 1 E lea sa r H Priest 2 91 II 1 Dem o ph ilu s pa inter 45 0 histn 35 7 E legy in tro dd 700 h e e a 41 3 a 38 2 360 E e h a a t R m 2 e h i Dem ost enes g n r l ; or t , , l p nts o e 76 x bd 99 5 324 322 E ia kim a e m a 6 5 3 5 seq , , l st t s n 7 — Derc yllida s genera l 399 s eq E lu laau s K 7 26 72 1 Dia c rii fa ction 5 95 E m m a us B 1 66 Dia go ra s ph ilos 466 E m pirics sect of 47 1 Dia l 7 1 3 ; Gk 5 60 E m poria a wa rded 1 61 Dia lectics in v d 47 9 E m poria) in vd 1 93 ” Dia logu es of Pla to 388 E nca ustic painting 340 Dica steries A then ia n 461 E ncom ium on H elen 370 Dicta tor Rom a n 498 E nfra nch isem ent Rom a n 31 2 Didiu s cons 9 7 E nna ta ken 132 i m a m m 46 E i e 2 39 2 04 2 01 1 8 9 1 73 1 69 D dy us gr nn us po t , , , , , Din a rc h u s a 32 4 202 E a m i a e e a 38 2 370 362 or t , p nond s g n r l , , Din o lo c h u s poet 487 E ph etae esta hl62 4 i e Dem o c e 41 2 e 41 0 E 708 2 2 6 2 2 1 D ocl s, Cod of ; d spot , phors , , 48 40 E h his tn 340 0 , 7 p orus ’ io d o ru s i 1 1 1 Sic u llu s 60 E ic h a rm u s m e ia 5 05 46 D , ph los works , p co d n , 7 — E i N aevi s 2 04 43 1 3 p c of u , io d u 2 3 1 46 1 43 1 3 E i h i 342 306 2 0 D o t s II K 7 ; of Syr , , 9 p curus, p los , , 7 i e e i 1 374336 h il 2 2 00 E i a a a e 41 9 D og n s ph los ( ) , ; p os ( ) p d urus tt ck d 1 5 5 E pidic a sia 393 i 3 35 6 35 3 E im e i e ee 5 D on despo t 60, 35 7 , , p n d s s r 6 9 — i i 406- 36 36 35 6 346 E i i ia 4 D onys us , I 7 II 7 . , p n c 99 343 a 2 85 H a lic a rn 2 65 2 9 E i e a a e 1 67 ; C non ; , , p rus d v st t d ’ 7 ; of T h ra ce 1 07 E pita ph C Scipio s 2 85 i i e 320 E i e e 5 1 2 1 4 D oscur sta tu qu nox s not d 97 , 6 , 2 , 1 35 Dip oen u s sta tu a ry 5 80 E ra Spa nish 38 Diving b ell 320 E ra sistra tus m ed 2 80 Do la b ella 2 83 98 47 44 a 2 , , ; P , r to Q m i i A h en o b a rb u s 48 E a h e e a n 2 6 2 4 2 Do t us r tost n s stro 7 , 7 , 35 , 1 9 4 Dra co legisla tor 62 4 E rinna poetess 3 5 1 Dra m a in tro dd a t Rom e 364 Gk a t Rom e E rixia s a rch on 684 240 R m a 1 4 1 6 0 E a e 2 4 e 2 ; o n 7 , 7 , 9 ryx t k n 9 r covered 45 Drepa n u m B 2 49 besieged 2 48 E s a r -H a ddon K 680 s eq Drusus L 1 22 ; M Liv 91 ; A ugust a dopt E sdra s I 100 ; II 40 1 5 1 3 9 E h e 479 son , , st r Q Du iliu s a dm ira l 2 60 E th iopia n exp edition of Cam byses 5 2 4 Duum viri na va le s 443 E truria a nnexed 2 8 3 ; Rom a niz ed 38 7 Dyrra chium ta ken 48 E trusca n na vy dited by Ca rth a ge 476—474 — Revolt 35 8 35 1 ; Rising 2 85 E uboea reta ined by A th ens 445 E ubulus c o m edn 375 ; poet 741 E a 1 02 E i m a h em 0 2 8 gle sta nda rd ucl d t 30 , 0 E a r of Dionysius 403 E uclides ph ilos 399 E a h a ke 464 461 31 a m a ia 345 E u c lo x u s a 37 6 368 rt qu , , ; C p n n stron , b ony used 66 E u c ra tides K 1 8 0 E cb a t a na 708 E u ergetae 2 39 E cclesia sticus 1 80 ; tra nsla ted 1 30 E u ga m o n poet 5 66 ” E c c les ia zu sea 392 E uh em erus 300 E c dem u s ph ilos 25 1 E u lze u s regent 1 73 E i e 2 1 603 5 9 1 68 Eu m en e en 32 3 32 3 1 6 2 6 cl ps s 7 , , 7 , s g , 0, ; I K 3 ; II E c n o m u s B 2 5 6 1 97 , 1 76 , 1 67 E gista a ided by A thens 41 6 E u n u c h u s 1 6 1

1 1 4 I E ND X .

H a e e a 2 64 2 1 4 H e 4 nno g n r l , osh a K 7 0, 730 H arm o diu s 5 1 4 H ours Greek a t Rom e 2 63 H a rm osts Spa rta n 401 H um a n sa crifices 97 H a rp a gu s 5 5 4s eq Hyginus Julius 1 0 H a rpa lus 32 5 H yp erides ora t 345 H a r b a 2 36 2 2 7 2 20 2 2 09—207 H rc a n u s 1 8 sd u l , , ; ( ) y 7 Joh n H Priest a n d Prince 3 1 5 4 1 41 1 35 1 06 H ie 2 8—5 ( ) , , ; Pr st ( ) 7 7 B a tri a coloniz ed 387 fortified 2 89 H ysiae B 669 H ea u to n tim o ro u m en o s 1 63 H ec a taeu s h istn 5 2 2 H ecub a 42 4 H egem on poet 41 3 Ia m b ic in tro dd 700 H eges in u s ph ilos 1 8 5 Ibycus poet 5 40 “ ” H elio c les K 1 60 Idylls 2 72 H elio do ru s 1 7 6 Illo a ru d a m u s K 5 6 1 i s i 0 I ia i a e 2 30 2 2 H ella n c u h stu 45 llyr n p r t s , 9 “ ” “ ” “ ” “ H ellen ic 3 4 362 In Verru m 0 C a ilin a 63 a 9 , 7 ; t m ; Clo ” H elots conspira cy 707 ; revolt 464 diu m 6 1 H elvetii d ftd 5 8 In a ru s K 460 H e h aes tio n 32 4 I ia A e a e in 32 —32 5 e e in p nd , l x nd r , 7 r cov rs H eph s ta dio n 32 2 depend ence 3 1 9

H ere. a e 45 2 I ia e i 5 00 li e a r e 5 6 st tu of nd n , p cs t r tu H era clea 2 47 In nocents th e 4 H era c leia B 2 80 I i i e ia 5 5 4 Graec o -E . nscr pt on , P rs n gyp H era clidae 7 1 6 ; of E uripides 42 1 tia n 2 39 erac lid es e 348 L em b u s 1 48 In s u b ria n s c o n d 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 H po t q , , 1 H e a i hil 5 1 3 e 2 49 I e e a t R m e 347 342 r cl tus p os po t nt r st o , “ ” H ercules Furens 42 1 Io n tra gu 45 1 H erm a c h u s ph ilos 2 70 Io n 42 1 H erm ae m utila ted 41 5 Ionia c o n qd 5 45 H erm ippu s biogra ph 2 03 Ionic arch it ecture 5 00 a lpha b et 403 ; H rm o d o ru s a h i 1 43 1 38 e 35 1 e rc t , ord r — H erm ogenes 35 1 Iph ic ra tes gen era l 393 35 5 “ H ern ic i Rom a n lea gu e with 486 Iph igenia 406 H e th e G t 47 s e 40—2 I B 301 rod q, psus H erodia ns 2 8 Ira defence of 680 H e h istn 48445 6 443 405 I se e a 360 rodotus , , , s n or t H ezekia h K 7 2 6 s eq I sa go ra s 5 1 0 44 2 I a ia 5 3 se Hic eta s 3 , 89 s h 7 q H iem psal1 1 8 I sa uria n pira tes 67 H iera x 2 42 Isis worsh ip 2 4 Hie e 478 2 75 2 70 2 63 I a e a 436 35 7 338 ro , d spot ; II K , , , socr t s or t , , 2 1 6 Issus B 333 H ieronym us histu 301 ; Rh o diu s 2 5 0 Istria c o n qd 1 7 7 H illel 32 Istria n war 1 78 H im e a i e 648 B 480 I a ia -G ee e e a i n 337 a e 88 r , colon z d t l n r k f d r t o ; st t s H i a h e 5 2 7 s e a 1 62 I h m e B 730 pp rc us , d spot q ; stron , t o 142 1 35 1 2 e 1 1 1 , , 7 ; po t H ippia s despo 5 27 seq t J . m 4 41 0 35 H ippocra tes ed 60, , 7 “ H ippolytus 42 8 Ja ddu a H Priest 341 H i o m eu es 7 1 4 a em e e 2 35 2 2 5 pp J nus t pl of clos d , 9 , H i o n a x e 5 43 a T a 375 —370 H ie 1 5 1 4 pp po t J son, gus ; Pr st 7 , 7 , “ H is tiaau s 494 s eq ; writes I I Ma c e 100 “ “ H ist of Ston es 31 7 ; o fC h a ld aea 2 76 Jec o n ia h K 5 98 “ ” of E gypt 2 68 Jeh o a h a z K 609 ” H m e 5 66 5 37 5 2 6 i i i m eh o ia kim 60 se o r , , ; cr t c s on J K 9 q 2 80 ; recited 1 69 Jerem ia h proph et 61 0 Seq - a 2 2 e i h i H o n a n a ca pit l 9 J r c o , P ers a ns t a ke 35 0 H a e 65 45 42 8 w 35 —8 e a em a ke 5 98 5 8 6 e i i O f or c , , , orks J rus l t n , ; r bu ld ng , H ora tii v Curia tii 670 stopped 5 2 2 A lexa nder a t 3 3 1 ; H a i e 5 04 a e 3 2 0 e ie e 1 63 1 34 38—3 or t us Cocl s t k n ; b s g d , , 7 ; H e i a 95 7 7 - 5 0 8 5 a en b m e 63 ort ns us or t , ; Q t k y Po p y E 1 1 IND X . 5

Jeshua 5 36 n u c ia n 342 ; Publilia n 339 ; Po etilia n JE S US CH R IS T 4 32 6 ; Ogu ln ia n 300 ; H ortensia n 2 86 ; Jewish independence 1 43 a b out p riva te sh ips 2 20 ; Cla udia n 5 8 5 8 1 5 3 5 36 5 29 48 6 44 2 1 8 ia 2 1 5 1 95 B aebia n 1 92 Jews , 5 , , 7 , , , , 7 , ; Opp n , ; ; ’ 45 45 e 1 8 9 O rc h ia n 1 8 1 a a i t 9 , 5 s q Lycurgus ; ; g ns Joia kim H Priest 483 A th ens 1 2 6 ; E m ilia n 1 1 6 ; Sum p i 3 2 1 6 1 —1 44 tu a r 1 1 5 8 8 8 1 h ia 1 1 1 Jon a th a n H Pr est 73 ; ( ) y , ; T or n “ h 2 26 2 2 5 2 2 3 T a be a ia 1 07 m i ia 1 04 Josep , , ll r Do t n ; Josh ua H Priest 3 65 S erv ilian 1 06 ; Licinia Mu c ia 95 ; d e i u dic iis 9 1 ia 90 2 8 Plo tia n Jos a h K 640 s eq j Jul n , Jotha m K 75 3 8 9 ; Un c ia r ia 8 8 ; Sulpician 8 8 ; A n b 48—4 i 46 1 relian 70 elia n 67 G ab in ia n Ju a K 6 ; h stu , ; Corn ; — Judaea under E gypt 320 2 03 ; un der A n 67 ; Roscia n 6 7 ; Ma nilia n 66 ; A m tio c h u s III 204 a tributa ry 63 ; a ph iou 64; Va tin ea n 5 9 ; d e Bonis province 7 C id en d es 5 6 ; T rebo n ia n 5 5 ; a ga inst — Juda s Ma cca b aeus 1 67 1 61 usury 5 0 ; for G a ul 49 de F en o re Judith 1 2 9 47 ; for Ita ly 45 ; d e Im pe rii princi h a 1 34 1 2 0 1 1 8 1 1 1 12- 104 iis 2 7 d e A m bitu 1 8 e ia Jugurt , , , 7 , p ; ; P tron n Jugurthi ne wa r 1 1 1 - 104 1 7 Jun i a N o rban a 1 5 ; Pa pia Pop lia 5 4 2 2 1 1 1 2 aea 9 Ju ; ( ) , , p i e a e 2 93 ea e e ween i i ie 493 A aea n Jup t r, st tu of, L gu , b t th rty c t s ch , see A chaian Lec tis tern u m 399 Legion Rom an 1 97 Kaaso Q uin c tius 461 Le n IBus regent 1 73 Ka rna k tem ple 2 47 L eo d a m a s ora t 3 72 K h o rs a b ad pa lace 72 1 Leo nida s K 480 Kn igh ts 42 4 L eo n n a tu s sa tra p 32 3 L eo n tin i colonized 7 30 ; v Syra cuse 41 7 L eo s th en es genera l 32 3 L eo tyc hides 398 a e 1 e i E tn e e 2 01 M E 1 L b o 6 L p dus , gyp r g nt ( ) L a b ic i a R m a n 41 136 M E 2 8 46 43 36 1 2 o colony 7 ( ) 7 , , , , L a b ien u s T 48 45 40 38 e ia a a em a 67 2 e 412 , Q , L sb n , n v l supr cy r volt L a b o ro s o a rc h o d K 5 5 5 Lea ch e s poe t 65 7 — L a byn etu s K 5 5 5 5 38 L ette r of A rta xerxes 45 9 L abyrinth 632 Le tte rs of Isocra tes 3 73 L a ch es sculpt 2 92 L eu c O pe tra B 1 46 L a c d es h i 2 41 2 1 e a B 3 1 y p los , 5 L uctr 7 a e B 495 L ex see L a w L d , L aelius G cons 1 40 Lib ra ry a t Nineveh 667 ; A thenia n 5 26 a i e an 35 0 A e a n ria 2 9 8 2 8 3 48 a t Per L s court z l x d n , , ; L a m a c h u s e e a 415 a m s 2 6 32 m 1 6 4 g n r l g u 6 , ; Ro a n 7 , 6 ; of La m enta tions 5 85 A pellic o n 84 of Octa via n 3 3 am ia w a r 3 23 i in ia R i 3 6 L n L c n oga t ons 76 , 3 7 La m psa cus found ed 65 4 Licinius tribun e 375 ; poe t 1 07 a a e 2 5 i ia v R m e 1 3 —1 0 1 2 5 —12 3 L ocoon st tu 7 L gur ns o 9 7 , a i e 2 49 2 46 L ilibaeu m be ie e 2 76 2 48 L od c Q , s g d , a m e 32 3 i exh ibd 1 03 93 L o don L ons , L a rtiu s T 498 Lisans coloniz ed 38 7 a e e 5 2 4 i h i h 3 L sn po t 7 , 5 0 L ves of P loso p ers 20 La tins incorpora ted 640 ; Tzo n fed era tio n Livia 38 ea u e 43 41 40 i i 24 l g 9 , 9 , 3 ; war L v us 0 340—338 i ie i a e 33 i 5 2 — ; c t s ncorpor t d 8 L vy 9 , 8 9 a i e e 2 47 i E iz e h r n e e 706 a e 2 7 L t tud s fix d Locr , p p y s ttl d t k n 7 L a u ren ta lia 6 19 Locria n Wa r 338 L a u tu lze B 31 5 Locust pla gue 1 2 5 ’ L a w d e ro vo c a tio n e 5 08 I i i 42 i A i e 3 5 , p ; c l a 9 , Log c r stotl s 3 45 6 A a ia 48 1 467 440 2 32 8 3 a l O fA h e 45 6 e u i 393 ; gr r n , . , , , Long w l s t ns r b lt 5 9 ; T eren tilia n 461 Va leria n 449 ; Longinus L Ca ss 107 Mu lc ta ru m 430 A h e ia e m i i 1 48 12 7 1 1 5 103 t n n r for Luc l us C , , , ’ ed 403 Lycurgus 400 Petilia n 35 8 ; Lucretia 5 09 i e e 35 7 im e n 343 C c e i e 95 5 8 5 5 on nt r st of T ol o ; Lucr t us po t , , 1 1 I 6 N DE X .

103 74—70 69 68 Ma i 1 1 Lucullus L , , , rc us Q 8 Ludi Ca pitolini 38 7 ; Ma xim i 367 Secu Mar cus of C eryn ea 2 5 5 la res 2 49 Ma rd o c em pa lu s K 7 2 1 s eq — Lu diu s 1 4 Ma rdo n iu s genera l 492 479 L u d u n u m n e 43 Ma ia m e 1 38 2 9 2 2 5 7 g fou d d r n ( ) , ; ( ) , Luna fortified 1 7 7 Ma ria ns m a ss a cred 8 6 “ i a i in v a i 1 91 e 1 5 4s e Ma i C 1 34 1 1 9 1 09 1 07 1 04 1 00 99 Lus t n Sp n ; r volt q ; r us , , , , , , , — — 1) Rom e 1 5 1 1 5 0 ; c o n qd 98 8 8 8 6 ; (2) 8 2 i a ia R m a 1 40 a i e 99 Ma ia a a e e 303 w a r 9 —88 Lus t n o n prov nc rs n, l nds nn x d 0 L u c u r u s a 45 Ma i i 1 3 1 6 1 1 5 4 1 2 1 4 g or t 3 s n ssa K 9 , , , 5 , 9 ia m 5 68 E m e 5 5 4 Ma i ia i e 600 Lyd n , do n ; p nds ss l colon z d n h i 2 0 2 2 6 Ma a h ia 1 8 1 6 Lyco p los 7 , tt t s 6 , 7 Lycophron 5 8 5 ; po e t 2 60 Ma ureta nia Rom a n 46 Lyc o rta s stra tegus 1 8 3 Ma usoleum 35 2 M ia i 34 2 e i e e 676 e e 6 6 5 5 93 E m . e s Lyr nv nt d d r s of , , ; p nd — Lysander gen era l 407 403 5 5 8 ; revolt 408 a a 2 97 2 94 Medi a m a ke 2 2 2 Lys ndr , ol nu t n ‘ ia a 45 8 41 8 403 3 8 Re e Me a b a zu s e e a 5 0 5 0 Lys s or t , , , 7 ; g nt g g n r l 7 , 6 1 66—1 62 Mega byzu s sa tra p 447 ’ Lysic ra tes m onum ent 335 Mega c les 6 1 2 im a h 31 5 306 301 2 8 7 2 8 1 Me a i e 37 1 Lys c us K , , , , g lopol s found d h i 2 41 Me a a H bloea B 2 0 i e 2 8 p los g r , y 7 ; colon z d 7 ; i 330 em be i h e 630 i a h 630 wa r Lys ppus sculptor ll s d , ol g rc ys ; Lysistra t a 41 1 2) A th ens 61 0 Lysistra tu s sculptor 328 Mega ric Sch ool 399 Megiddo B 609 Mela n ippides po et 5 2 0 Melea ger 95 Ma cca bee, th e 1 67 s eq Melos c o n qd 41 6 “ ” Ma cca bees 1 s t 1 20 ; 2 n d 1 00 ; 2 u d epi Melpu m seized 396 to m iz ed 5 0 3rd 40 Mem m iu s killed 1 00 Ma e nia m a h 00 m i i a s s Mem e e a 3 34 333 c do n on rc y 7 ; l t ry y non g n r l , tem 41 3 ; ph a la nx 35 9 ; v Gk sta tes Mem ph is t a ken by Cam byses 5 2 5 ; ca pita l 35 9—3 38 E m i e 3 36 32 3 306 s a em 1 1 2 8 3 p r , , ; of Ptol y a a t w a r 3 2 1 s e 2 n d w a r 2 00 Me a e c o m ed n 342 32 1 2 91 a a tr p s q ; n nd r , , ; s tr p 1 97 3rd wa r 1 7 1 - 1 68 4th war 1 49 3 2 3 1 2 1 63 1 48 Menela us H Priest 7 , 4 Ma e 6 1 6 Men en iu s . 77 c r 7 , cons Ma c h a n id a s K 2 07 Mercen a ries 1) C a rth 2 41 M 2 3 Me a h - Ba a a n 7 2 1 se 7 1 1 a cho poet 0 rod c l d q, — Maecen a s 7 5 8 Merula L 8 7 Maenius 41 0 ; genera l 338 Mesesim o rd a c u s K 692 Ma ga s of Cyrene 2 64 Mesh a ch 5 80 Ma gn esia B 1 90 Me ssene founded 370 — Ma go genera l 493 ; (2) 393 38 3 ; (3) 2 06 Messenia ns ls t wa r 743 ; 2 md wa r 685 n i il 66 e 464 2 03 seq i S c y 8 r volt of , Ma h 32 31 1 8 3- 1 8 2 e e e 45 5 a t N a u lc us K , ; r conqu r d ; Ma ilc h u s 43 p a c tu s 45 5 indep endence of 361 Ma lt a Rom a n 2 42 Meta gen es a rch it 600 M m i in i i 2 84 2 0 2 64 Me a l 5 43 a ert n es S c ly , 7 , t lurgy Ma n a ss eh K 697 s eq Meta p o n tu m founded 700 Ma a e x d 42 5 40 H ie 2 61 Me a r B 2 07 n ss s e p , 9 Pr st t u us Ma n c in u s 1 48 H 1 37 Me el e e a 28 4 2 5 1 2 1 48 1 42 , L ; C t lus g n r l , ; ( ) , ; 3 1 2 3 1 09 1 06 1 00 9 9 78—7 6 67 Ma neth o h istn 2 68 ( ) , , , , , , Me em h i 5 35 Ma nipula r legion 388 t psyc os s Ma i C a ito lin u s 389 383 T o r u a tu s Me h e i e 730 B 3 5 9 e ie e nl us , p , ; q t on , colon z d ; ; b s g d s n 1 8 1 8 8 e 35 3 340 Vu lo O 9 , ; L po t 97 Ma ntin ea B 41 8 ; d estroyed 38 5 ; B 362 ; Metro d o ru s philos 2 7 7 ; p aint er 1 67 ; ph i B 207 los 9 1 Ma num ission ta x 35 7 Mettu s genera l 665 — Ma ra th on B 490 Mica h Proph et 75 0 72 0 c ir proph ecies 2 l e e 2 2 2 2 1 6—2 08 65 0 Ma rcel us , M C g n ra l , of ( ) ’ C 5 1 A ugustus s o n -ln -la w d 2 3 Mich m a sh 1 5 7

1 1 8 I N D E X .

Ora tion of Isocra tes 37 3 Peka h K 75 3 s eq Ora tory sch ools of 98 Pelia d es 45 5 Orb ilius Pu pillu s 1 5 Pelo pid a s gen eral 379—364 — O rc h o m en u s d estroyed 368 ; B 8 5 Peloponnesia n wa r 431 404 Oresteia 45 8 Pelu siu m B 5 2 5 1 70 Orestes 408 Pepern a 7 2 ” e 3 2 1 Perdic c a s I 700 e e 32 3 32 2 3 2 1 Org K r g nt , , O ro des I 5 4- 37 Perga m us Rom a n 1 2 9 a e 366 12 A h e 1 5 6 e ia e e a n d h i 62 7 5 93 5 85 Oropus t k n t ns P r nd r d spot p los , , O rth a o ra s e 6 6 e i le a e m a 469 s e 444 42 g d spot 7 P r c s st t s n q, , 9 O sa c es 5 1 Perinth us b esieged 341 Ostia h a ven 640 Peri pa tetic ph ilosoph y 335 Ostra cism 5 10 Periplus 336 i 43 k 2 e as 42 Ov d ; wor s 5 , P rs 7 e e 1 9 1 68 P rs us K 7 , Per sia n E m p 5 5 8 in v Babylonia 5 39 ; — E m p disturb ed 5 2 1 5 1 5 ; w a r 1) — Pa c o ru s 5 1 G reece 5 07 466 ; Gk a llia nce a gst ’ u viu s r edn 2 1 M 1 8 1 4 1 6 45 0 C im o n s e 44 Pa c t a g 9 ; 9 , 7 , 7 , ; p a ce with 9 ; wa r 7) — 1 39 Cyprus 385 37 6 a wa rds h ea dsh ip Paetu s Hill 2 01 3 66 ; revolt 35 1 Pa ga sse seiz ed 35 3 Peru s ia ta ken 40 a i ie a t R m e 406 e i e e a t R m e 463 399 P d sold rs o P st l nc o , Pa inting Greek 5 2 0 Peto s iris a stron 2 8 0 Pa lae o p o lis b esieged 3 2 7 Ph a la ris tyra nt 5 70 ” Pa la m edes 41 5 Ph a ra oh Nech o K 61 0 s eq ; H o ph ra K 5 88 P a lestine E gyp tn 1 93 seq ; dyn a sty ended 5 2 5 Pa lla n tia besieged 1 36 Ph a rc a d o n B 1 99 Pa m h ilu s a i e 35 0 h a i ee 1 25 1 1 0 1 02 5 0 v Ja r p p nt r P r s s , , , , 9 , 9 ; — — Pa n a th ena ic ora tion 342 n aeus 95 89 reb ellion of 90 8 5 cru ’ Pa n egyric u s 380 c ified 8 6 ; persecut e Hyrc a n u s a d Pa nia s B 1 98 h eren ts 76 n i 2 1 1 rn Pa non a 1 , , 8 Ph a a b a z u s 398 a m a ke 2 5 4 B 2 5 1 Ph a rn a c es 1 96 i e a n d e ea 48 -4 P nor us t n I ; r s d f t of , 7 a h e 2 h a i h h 32 2 2 8 P nt on 7 P ros l g t ouse , 3 a m im e 2 2 2 0 h a a B 48 P nto , P rs lus Pa iriu s 31 2 3 L e T Ph a sa el41 p L Cursor 9 , 9 x a b el la ria of 1 3 1 Ph a s aelis b uilt 1 4 Pa pyrus us ed 32 2 ; Pto lII stops export Ph erae tyra nts expd 35 2 2 63 Ph erec d es h i 600 5 44 of y p los , — Pa ra li fa ction 5 95 Ph idia s pa inter 45 0 432 a a e a i e 2 35 Ph id o n 748 744 P r ll ls of l t tud K , Pa rch m ent 2 63 Ph iga lia t aken 65 9 m 1 8 4 hilem m edn 360 33 2 Pa r a P on c o , 0, 62 a m e i e h i 5 36 5 04 h ile ae 2 66 P r n d s p los , P t rus a m e i e e a 32 9 h i i Ma e 382 3 65 35 9 se P r n o g n r l P l p of c d II K , , q , a in tro dd 41 3 3 36 A rrh id seu s 3 2 3 2 2 0 1 99 P rody ; ; v K , Pa rrh a siu s a i e 397 se 1 84 1 8 1 A i V 95 p nt r q, , ; son of nt o III Pa rth enius 5 4 69 — Pa rth ia 1) Syria 2 38 236 ; E m p 1 74; in Ph ilippi B 42 ia 1 64 i i wa r v h i i i 5 2 344 341 Syr ; c v l 87 ; A rm enia P l pp cs 3 , , 5 6 1) R m e 1 3 6 h ili 4 ; o 5 , , 33 P ppus 3 6 Pa siteles 8 9 Ph ilo ph ilos 1 1 1 ’ P a ssover H ez ekiah s 7 20; a ga in celebra t ed Ph ilo c les tragd n 372 5 1 5 r Ph ilceta s po et 2 80 — P a tricia n Consuls 35 5 342 privileges Ph iloctetes 409 — a bridged 339 300 Ph ilo d a m u s 5 8 ’ Pa ullus JE m genera l 1 8 9 L E m consul 5 1 Ph ilol a us l a ws 72 8 a a ia a a en 48 466 Gk e Ph ilo oem en a e 2 08 2 01 1 2 1 8 P us n s Sp rt n g 7 , ; g n p str t gus , , 9 , 9 , 403 1 8 3 Pa u sia s pa inter 340 Philosophers Rom a n b a nish ed 1 61 ” Pea ce 41 9 Ph ilosoph y I onic 5 97 Pedieis fa ction 5 95 Ph ilo steph an u s 2 49 I E 1 1 9 ND X .

Ph ilo xen u s poet 3 98 Po rphyrea B 2 1 8 Ph ocaea ns dft C a rtha gn s 5 39 Porus K 7 3 1 ; (2 ) K 3 2 6 Ph ocia n cities destroyed 346 Po sidippu s poet 2 8 9 h i e e a a 347 339 3 1 7 i ia i e 2 7 3 P oc on g n r l or t , , Pos don colon z d Ph oen is s ae 40 i i 2 1 6 Pos don us 6 , 5 Ph o rm io 42 9 Posts Persia n 5 2 1 Ph o rm io 1 61 Po stu m iu s Regillen s is kd 41 4 Phr a a tes I K 1 8 1 ; II 1 39 III 68 ; I v Potentia etc en fra n c h d 1 84 i ae 432 42 37 Pot d a , 9 Ph ra o rtes K 65 5 Pottery I ta lia n 5 00 — Ph rygia a tta ch ed to Pontus 1 2 9 Praen este wa r v Rom e 38 2 38 0 h e c e a 3 30 ae in s td 367 1 s t leb 3 37 Pere ri P ryn ourt z n Pr tors ; P , g Ph ryn ic h u s c o m ed n 429 n u s 2 42 ; for Spa in 1 97 h n ic h u tr dn 44 a i e e 363 330 ]E 2 80 P ry s age 9 Pr x t l s sculpt , ; Ph yla rc h u s histu 2 20 Pria pa tiu s K 1 96 ’ Ph yle ta ken 404 Priests Colleges 8 1 Ph s c o n s ee Ptolem vm Prison Rom a n 6 40 y y — Picene 1) Rom e 2 69 Privern u m revolt of 330 32 9 “ ” “ “ i a e 5 2 2 5 04 5 02 se 446 u in c tio 8 1 B i 80 C oe P nd r po t , , q Pro Q ; osc o ; ” ” Piraeus 477 t a ken by T h ra sybulus 403 cin a 68 ; C lu en tio 66 ; Lege

e i 393 ei e b i a 31 8 Ma ilia 66 M e a. 63 62 r bu lt ; s z d y N c nor n ur n , ” “ ” Pisa nder po et 646 ; dem a gogue 41 5 ; gene Sulla 6 2 ; A rch ia 61 ; Scipion e “ “ ra l3 94 Nas ica 60 ; Do m e 5 7 ; Rufo Pisa u ru m 1 84 (it Ba lb o 5 6 Pl a n eio 5 5 “ ” ” “ Pisistra tidae e xpd 5 1 0 Postum o 5 4; Milone 5 2 ; Mar ” Pisis tra tus 5 62 s eq cello 47 Piso L 1 48 ; L C 1 33 ; gen 5 7 - 5 6 Proclus despot 62 6 i a a h i 65 1 5 9 3 5 89 a i ia 2 2 7 P tt cus tyr nt p los . , Proconsuls S rd n n Pla centia etc coloniz ed 22 1 ; repeopled Profession a l soldiers 1 00 1 90 Pro letarii 1 00 Pla gue 2 2 Prom eth eus 471 Pla n c u s Mu n i 5 36 W 2 9— 1 6 2 5 Propert us 1 , ; orks Pla taaa B 479 ; besieged 42 9 ; ga rrisone d Prop erty ta x A th enia n 378 386 ; destroyed 374 Pre sc riptio n of lot ora cle 2 42 a h i 42 4 38 6 360 347 e e a i e 334 Pl to p los 9 , 09 , , , ; Protog n s p nt r ” c o m ed n 428 39 1 Re b i 2 5 1 Pru s ia s 2 2 8 1 8 8 1 8 0 , ; pu l c of I K , ; II K Pla utine pieces 2 2 4 Prygo teles engra ver 336 a e 2 5 4 2 2 4 2 00 1 84 1 34 Pry ta n ies 5 1 Pl utus po t , , , , 0 eb eia i i 640 494 342 Psa m a tik 664 632 1 1 5 94 Pl n r s ng , , I K , ; K ; III — — 300; m a gistra tes 375 37 1 ; consuls 5 2 6 5 2 5 367 praetors 33 7 ; priests a ugurs Psa m m etic h u s despot 5 85 300 Ps a m m u thi s K 38 6 Plebiscita binding 2 86 Ps eu do - Sm erd is K 5 2 2 ; -S c yla x 336 Plotins T u c c a 1 8 Ptolem a is 2 1 9 ” Plutus 408 Ptolem ies dyna sty of 32 2 ; w a r of 1 5 4 oe i e a 465 em 32 2 32 0 306—2 83 C era u n u s P c l Sto Ptol y I K , , ; em h il 3 1 5 2 0 2 8 5 2 80 2 8 5 2 83 2 5 1 2 4 Pol o p os , 7 , ; II K , , , 9 li A sin iu s 6 46 2 4 W 2 2 2 2 1 2 05 Pol o 7 , III K 7 ; K , 7 ; v K , b i h istn 2 65 2 0 18 1 1 6 1 6 1 46 1 97 1 3 1 8 1 VI 1 8 1 1 69 1 64 Poly us , 7 , , 9 , 7 , , , 9 , ; K , , , 1 2 7 1 49 1 46 V 1 70 1 69 ; VII K ; III K , , ’ a e e 5 32— 5 2 2 em 1 5 1 64 1 46 1 30 I x 1 1 7 1 07 Polycr t s d spot ; Ptol y s 6 , , , ; K , , m i i e 1 8 3 —8 1 1 0 8 x 1 8 1 — 80 n st r 89 ; x K 7 , 9 ; K ; e l 45 2 XII 80 5 9 5 5 5 1 X Polycl tus scu pt K , , , III K — Polygnotus pa int er 463 5 1 47 Po l s erc h o n e e 3 1 8 Pu bliliu s e 47 2 h i 339 337 y p r g nt Vol ns ; P lo , — Pom peia 6 1 Punic Wa r (1 s t) 264 2 41 ; (2 md) 2 1 9 Pom peia n lea ders 48 2 01 ; (3 rd) 1 49 - 1 46 Po m eiu s 1 41 O n 1 6—4 4 5 Pu n ic u s 1 5 4 p Q ; 0 8 , 5 ; S 3 Po m po n iu s L 94 Punj a b a nnex ed by D a rius 5 1 2 Pontifex Ma x ls t Pleb 2 5 3 Purim Fea st of 474 i e e a 32 1 2 92 a B 1 68 Pont us C g n r l , Pydn Pontus independent 3 1 8 ; Rom a n 47 Pyla des 2 0 Po illiu s 1 68 1 39 1 38 1 32 h h i 3 18 p , , , Pyrr o p los I E 1 2 0 ND X .

h 2 8 7 2 80— 2 72 a 8 6 5 1 34 5 1 Pyrr us K , S llust , , ; works of h i 5 1 5 35 5 20 5 05 a a iff 2 04 Pyth a gora s p los 7 , , , S lt t r ’ “ ” Pyth ea s Voya ges 2 62 S a m a ria t a ken 7 2 1 ; reb uilt 2 5 h 3 2 3 320 3 1 5 a m a i a e e 5 35 a e i e Pyt on K , , S r t ns oppos J ws ; s ct v d 42 5 408 l in E 332 , ; co ony gyp t Q Sa m ia n a queduct etc 5 32 ; na va l supre m a cy 5 32 wa r 1) Spa rta 5 2 5 i s h is tn 1 10 8 a m i e a lie i h R m - 3 5 4 wa r 1 Q u a d riga r u , 7 S n t s l d w t o e ; ( ) — — Qu ae stors Rom a n 48 5 ; elected 447 ple 343 341 ; wa r (2 ) 32 7 304; wa r (3) — beia n 409 ; eigh t 2 65 2 98 2 90; towns destroyed 2 93 u in c tiu s b 8 3 8 1 am i m a e R m a al 2 90 Q Pu l , S n u subj ct o n ly Quinquerem es 2 60 S a m os coloniz ed 35 2 S an a tro ec es 7 6— 68 a ba a 42 5 4 S n ll t , 09 Sa ndrocottus trea ty with Seleucus 305 Ra ga u B 65 5 Sa nga la t a ke n 32 6 Ra nsom of H ector 369 S a nh edrins 5 7 m a ssa cred 37 Ra ph ia B 2 1 7 S a o s d u c h in u s K 667 Record P a ria n 2 64 S a pph o poetess 61 0 Regib elu s K 693 S a ra c u s K 647 seq Regifu giu m 5 09 S a rda na pa lus 667 Regillu s B 496 Sa rdi ven a les 1 7 7 — Regulus g en er a l 2 5 6 2 5 0 S a rdinia c o n qd by Ca rth a ge 493 ; Roma n i i R m a 65 1 0 E ia 5 8 2 3 e l 2 4—2 1 1 1 2 Rel g on o n , ; gypt n 8 r vo ts 3 3 , 8 , 1 6 Repub lic Rom a n 5 09 S a rdis rise of 72 4 taken 5 5 4 burnt 5 00 i e 5 3 s e a 2 1 Restora t on of J ws 7 q S rgon K 7 s eq .

- Rh egium founded 749 ; colonized 72 5 ; B . Sa tires in tro d d 700 393 t aken by Dionysius I 38 7 1) Sa tra pies Persia n 5 1 6 — Rom e 28 1 2 7 1 Sa tra ps rebel 362 Rh etoricia ns proscrib ed 92 S a tu rn in u s 1 00 Rh odes independent 409 city founded S a tyru s philos 1 60 407 v Byz a ntium 2 2 0 ; h um ilia ted Sca evola jurist 9 5 1 67 S c re v o la P M 1 33 m e a i a i 5 43 5 32 S ea m a n d ro 4 Rhoecus t llurg st rch t , pro 7 t c o n d 1 5 c a u ru s M m 1 1 Rh ee i q S E 5 , 1 09 , 60 R m a 1 8 1 4 e i h 1 Roa ds o n 7 , Sc pt c sc ool 3 8 ” R m a H i Ga ia s 2 89 a i S c lax m a h em etc 5 08 — e 33 o n story ll F b us y t . . ; ps udo 6 ’ Fictor s 1 98 Scyros ta ken by Cim on 476 Rom e a dm td to A th enia n citiz ensh ip 2 2 5 S u c c iu s Denta tus kd 449 Rom ulus K 7 5 3 s eq Science Ba bylonia n 604 — Roscius 1 02 62 Scientists en fra n c h d 46 Ros etta stone 1 96 Scinde a nnexed by D a rius 5 1 2 Roxa na 328 S c io ld K 60 5 1 M 48 i i 2 5 On 2 2 2 2 1 8 2 12 Rufus S S works ; C Sc p o L 9 ; Corn , , Ru iliu s 1 32 A i a 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 06 2 01 p P P C fr c nus 7 , , , , , u tiliu s 92 90 1 4 1 8 1 8 3 1 0 E m N a R P , 9 , 7 , ; L 9 ; P C ( R i G M 35 6 348 si a 1 5 9 1 5 5 15 1 1 47 1 46 1 43 ut lus , c ) , , , , , , 1 42 1 34 1 33 1 2 9 8 3 Met 48—46 , , , L ; a l 35 5 35 2 in a e i e 1 99 S Scop s scu p t , ; P l st n , 1 98 S a b a c o I K 7 30 ; 1 1 K 704 S c o rdi s c i 2) Rom e 1 14 S a b ines Wa r 7 5 0; a llied with Rom e 5 02 S c rib o n ia 38 inva sion 460 S c yllis sta tua ry 5 80 a e Wa r 5 95 s e 35 7 i 35 7 Sc m n u s e 90 S cr d q , , h st of y po t Ba 378 3 75 Mem i 300 h ia i a e b e ia 5 08 nd , o rs Scyt nv d d y P rs a ee 2 84 1 2 5 1 10 h in v Me ia 632 S dduc s , , Scyt s d S a dya tte s K 637 S e-ga n F o o 2 46 ’ a m e ie e 2 1 9 S eisa c th eia 5 94 S guntu b s g d , Solon s A a 5 4 e e i ae 3 1 2 65 S lb ns S l uc d , i i e 3 32 B b 2 a 75 6 B 5 69 e e a . 3 0 3 1 5 305 301 N i S s r s of , ; S l ucus , of , , , ; ( a a m i i e h e 5 8 B 4 a S r 3 1 2 2 4 2 80 1 1 S l s g v n to A t ns 9 ; 80 c tor) K of y , 9 , ; K a a i 1) R m e 1 43 4 2 2 6 I v 6 S l ss o 2 6 ; III K ; K 1 87 , 1 76 ; v 9 Sa len tu m belongs to Rom e 2 67 S elin u s colonized 62 6

1 2 2 J N DEX .

' T em e e i 2 5 6 1 623 5 8 6 5 1 6 i a e K 6 2 pl s , J w sh 7 , 9 , , , , T gr n s 9 II 0 442 42 5 408 2 43 2 1 6 1 1 5 1 T i ra n r , , , , , 77 , 6 , 5 0, g o c e ta 83 ; B 69 1 2 63 5 4 1 7 9 E h e ia 65 0 600 T i e R m a 2 64 9 , , , , ; p s n , ; l s o n Ca pitoline 61 6 E gin eta n 5 5 0 Delph ic T im o c les poet 32 4 5 48 2 5 38 e a t A h e 5 40 T im ae h i , ( 5 ; of Z us t ns ; us stu 2 62 a i i e 5 34 H e a a t a m T im e a e m a 343 338 C p tol n ; of r S os ol on st t s n , , 33 ' 5 32 Ju iter C a ito lin u s 5 09 T im o s th en es eo r 2 62 ; of p p ; of , g g e e 493 a a n d 48 5 T im h e e 398 e e a 3 4 35 4 C r s ; of C stor Pollux ; ot us po t , ; g n r l 7 , of 368 1 2 1 T e ea 3 5 5 a t T im o x n u s ae 2 Concord , ; g n ; e pr tor 2 1 T e 35 1 380 32 4 A h i e 2 95 T i h a k h os , , ; of p rod t ; r a K 690

‘ a t Ph ilse 2 83 a t a 2 47 o i T irid a tes 2 48 e 2 5 ; C nopus ; _ K r volt of Ka rna k 2 47 ; to H om er 2 2 2 ; 1 s t m a r T im M T 5 ble 1 43 Ma 1 38 a 90 T is sa h ern es a a 412 39 7 ; of rs ; of Dodon p s tr p , , of Isis 5 0 T itinius 2 00 ” T en ta bl es th e 45 1 T obit 35 0 T 3 66 T ra c h o n ites 2 1 8 eos K , c o m edn 1 5 1 6 —1 5 9 a e k 46 T erence 9 , 6 Tr g dy G 8 “ ” “ ” T ereus 1 03 T ra p ez itic u s 39 T eren tiliu s H a rsa 461 Tra sim ene B 2 1 7 T erillu s 481 Trea sury H ez ekia h 7 1 1 ; Gk 46 1 “ ” T erp a n der m usicia n 676 T rea tis e on Pla nts 31 7 T euta Q 2 30 T reb a tiu s 3 1 T h i 3 603 5 5 3 5 5 0 T rebi B 2 1 8 ha les p los 6 9 , , 97 , 9 , a T h a letes poet 665 Treb onius C 44 T h a psus B 46 T rem ellu s L 1 42 T ha sos colonized 72 0; reduced by Cim on T ria riu s 67 465 —463 ibe N ew R m a m 3 2 1 Tr s o n 387 ; Ro a n 3 , 3 8 , T h ea gen es despot 630—600 2 41 T h ea e A e ia 47 7 R m a 1 94 1 79 T i e R m a 493 45 7 m i i a 445 tr th n n ; , o n , , r bun s o n , ; l t ry , 1 5 5 8 5 5 1 1 H e 2 6 438 433 42 6 42 2 408 400 3 1 388 , 99 , 7 9 , 7 , , ; of rod , , , , , , 9 , , T e e E tn 690 e e 5 2 3 ei e 3 1 36 in e a e 1 30 h b s gyp ; plund r d ; s z d 7 , 7 ; S n t b a 82 3 ea ue i T rib u n itia e 446 y Spa rt ns 3 , 79 ; l g w th pot sta s A th ens 3 78 ; wa r with Spa rt a 37 8 T rifan u m B 340 em a 362 " e e i em 468 supr cy of , d stroy d Tr ptol us 335 ; reb uilt 31 6 ; b esieged 89- 8 6 Trirem es Sa m ia n 704 Them istocles sta tesm a n T rium viri ca pita les 2 8 9 M T i m i 60 5 5 43 42 3 6 b r u v rs , , , , 7 , 3 “ ” Th eocritus poet 280 T roa des 415 T h eodorus a rch it 5 32 ; philos 6 Truce betw Rom e an d Ven 474 — T h eodotus s a tra p 2 5 0 ; Jewish governor T ryph een a 5 8 5 7 Q— 2 1 8 T ryph o 1 041 02 T h eo gn is poet 5 44 T ullia d a u gh t of Servius 5 34; da ughter of T h eoph ra stus ph ilos C icero 45 T h eo po m pu s h istu Tullus H o s tiliu s K 672 T h era m en es s a e m a 404 O i a T u r iliu s 1 33 t t s n , ; l g rchy of p 403 T usca n A rchitecture 493 T herm opylae B 480; B (2 ) 1 91 Tusculum incorpora ted 38 1 T h eseum 465 T yn daris B 2 5 7 ’ T h esm o ph o ria zu s ae 1 41 1 T yra n n io 68 h e i a m a i 5 35 T ra Gk 65 0 ,T sp s dr t st y nts T h essa lon ica 2 95 T yre N ew founded 5 2 0 t a ken by A lexa nder T h etes enfra nch ised 478 332 ; t a ken by Ptolem a is 2 1 9 ’ T hirty yea rs truce 445 ; tyra nts 404 Tyrtaeus poet 683 T hra ce Philip 1 1 in vs 342 T ysc a Num idia n 1 74 — Thra sybulus genera l 404390 T welve T a bles 45 0 T i e i 47 1 45 9 444 42 3 41 1 hucyd d s h stu , , ; , , 403 U T h ym bro n genera l 399 ” T h yrea tis t a ken 5 5 4 Universa l E m p Ch e H wa n g - te 1 st 2 46 T i e i 20—6 U e s m e ei h a n d m ea re b r us s d fir t , on y, w g ts, su s ’ T i 64 2 7 w 29 1 8 748 e e W ee i e bullus , ; orks , ; b llows , pott r s h l , t nd r, T ic in u s B 2 1 8 a n d a nchors 5 92 true a rch 5 8 8 ; cot T igla th Pileser 1 1 K 745 seq ton 5 69 ; ca sts for m eda ls 5 43 ; pa inted I E ND X .

e 5 00 G en n um e 432 i ea e wi 45 1) R m e 407 pott ry ; old b rs ; Volsc p c th 7 o , ligh t a n d sh a de in pa inting 430; rules a nnexed to Rom e 3 76 i e 42 5 i ia n i i 338—32 8 for proport ons of figur s ; s lk Volsc n tow s , r s ng of wea ving 35 0 enca ustic painting Vo lsin ia n rising 2 65 340; m oulds for wa x 32 8 ; diving Vo lsin ii destroyed 2 65 be ll 320 silver m oney 2 69 ; tiles for roofing 2 64; pa rch m ent 2 63 ; gold coins 207 ; wa te r m ill 70; eb ony 66 ; blisters 5 0 ; golden m ilestones 2 0 Wa sps 42 2 U 433 35 84 5 0 W terc lo c k 2 8 1 sury , 7 , , a 0, 5 9 U i a 2 03 a e 46 Wa e m i 70 5 0 t c ; t k n t r ll , Wills 3 1 “ Wi m 2 00 1 2 0 sdo , Wolf of Ca pitol 2 96 ‘Va dim o B 2 8 3 ‘Va ga revolts 1 07 X Va lerius Ma x 2 63 A ntia s histu 1 10 Vardm i c o n d 1 35 Xa n th i u s th e A h e ia 48 th e a q pp , t n n 7 Sp r a M T 1 1 6 73 66 5 4 46 36 2 8 tan 2 5 5 V rro , , , , , , ; T 8 2 42 3 P , , 7 Xen arch u s 393 Va rus 45 Q (2 ) 2 4; (3) 2 Xen o c les traged n 41 5 Va shti 483 Xenocra tes ph ilos 3 39 eii e 665 wa r v R m e 483—48 1 en a es h i 6 1 8 5 5 0 5 1 8 V r volts ; o , X oph n p los , , 406—396 be ie e 405 ai a e 396 e n i 424 394 362 35 4 ; s g d l d w st ; X nopho h stu , , , e i ivi e 393 6 t rr tory d d d Xerxes K 48 s eq. Velitraa wa r v Rom e 37 1 Vellum in tro d d 1 37 Y Veneti revolt 5 6 e i i 38 Yea R m a 42 7 1 5 46 45 A a h V nt d us r , o n 7 , , , ; of n rc y Venus victrix 35 5 ; d e Medici 1 70 403 sola r 285 Venusia coloniz ed 2 91 ; B 208 Verc ellaa B 1 01 Z e i e i 5 2 5 1 46 V rc ng tor x , , Ves eris B 340 Zac yn th ia n exiles restd 37 4 Vesta ls Rom a n 7 10; exec d 1 1 4 Zac ynthus Rom a n 2 1 1 ’ Vetera n s colonies 8 2 Zaleu c u s legisla tor 664 Vi am i ia 30 240 2 20 A ia 2 1 am a B 2 02 a Fl n 0, , ; pp , 9 ; Z E m ilia 1 8 7 ; C a ssia 1 7 1 Za n cle coloniz ed 690 Vic ram ad itya 37 Z echa ria h Proph et 5 2 0 se q Vikra m aditya I 5 6 Zedekia h K 5 98 Vindelici c o n qd 1 5 Zeila s K 2 5 1 Vin e a t Ma ssilia 5 36 Zela B 47 i i 70 42— 1 9 Zen da v es ta 5 36 V rg l , i i ia 449 e il E ea 479 h i 307 2 63 V rg n Z no ph os of l , ; p los ; Viri E pulones 1 96 hist 1 97 epic u r 79 Viria th u s 1 45 —143 1 42—1 Zen d u s ib a ia n 2 83 , 39 o o t l r r Virid o m a s 2 2 2 Z erub ba bel 5 35 i i Va c c u s 329 o n a i e e e i ain e 45 0 425 397 V truv us , ; rch t ctur Z ux s p t r , , 46 Zoroa st er philos 5 36

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