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The Kefar Hebrew Phonics Puzzles
HEBREW PHONICS PUZZLES “A” & “E” Vowels www.thekefar.com @thekefar The Kefar bit.ly/ KefarYouTube [email protected] 24 Cards Educator’s Guide Pronunciation Chart Hebrew Phonics Puzzles © 2018 by The Kefar. All rights reserved. www.thekefar.com HEBREW PHONICS PUZZLES Educator’s Guide Thank you for using The Kefar’s Hebrew Phonics Puzzles! These are great tools for helping learners strengthen their Hebrew spelling skills and increase their vocabularies. This Educator’s Guide will explain how to read Hebrew, and how to use these phonics puzzles with your learners. Reading Hebrew Hebrew is a Semitic language with a writing system in which every symbol (letter) represents a consonant. Vowels in Hebrew are made up of dots and dashes that are added underneath, above, or to the left of Hebrew letters. These vowels, called niqqud, help Hebrew students learn how to pronounce words. As learners become more familiar with the language, and their vocabularies increase, they are able to read words without niqqud, supplying the correct vowel sounds based on their knowledge of Hebrew. There are three vowel sounds in this Hebrew Phonics Puzzles packet: ;These vowels [ ָ ַ ] make the “ah” sound, as in father This vowel [ ֶ ] makes the “eh” sound, as in bed; and .This vowel [ ֵ ] makes the “ei” sound, as in weigh To read, blend the sound of each Hebrew letter with the vowel sound (in that order). Note that Hebrew is read and written from right to left. is pronounced “seifel” - Samech + ei vowel ֵס ֶפל Example 1: The word (sei) / Fey + eh vowel (feh) / Lamed (l) is pronounced “aleh” - Ayin + ah vowel ָע ֶלה Example 2: The word (ah) / Lamed + eh vowel (leh) / Hey (h) Hebrew Phonics Puzzles ©2018 by The Kefar. -
A Preliminary Survey
THE PRONUNCIATION TRADITION OF BIBLICAL HEBREIV AMONG THE JEWS OF COCHIN: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY Jarmo Forsström r. INTRODUCTION The small colony of Jews in Cochin in south-western lndia has attracted the attention of travellers and scholars since the beginning of Portuguese rule in that areâ (1502-1663), when the existence of a Jewish settlement there became known in the West. Almost all facets of the life of this community have been studied and published in numerous articles and books, except for their traditional pronunciation of Hebrew. This gap in our otherwise deøiled knowledge of the Cochin Jews needs urgently to be filled, because this com- munity wittr its unique features is rapidly disappearing in India and becoming assimilated in Israel too. The anival of Jews on the Malabar coast in South-west India has remained shrouded in mystery, in spite of the ca¡eful research that has been undertaken in an aüempt to discover their origin. The study of the origin of the Cochin Jews and of the time of their a¡rival in India is greatly hampered by the fact that their history before the end of the first millennium cE is totally hidden behind folklore, legends and folk songs. Much has been done by the Cochinites themselves and by scholars around the world to strain historical clues from this heterogeneous material, nevertheless without producing many results. The following summary of the history of the Cochin Jews accords more or less with those who have dealt with the subject.l The Cochin Jews have preserved various old legends conceming the coming of their ancestors to the Malabar coast. -
(Cf. 1.Common Semitic) a Bibliography of Ugaritic
6A. STANDARD HEBREW 6A.1. BIBLIOGRAPHY (cf. 1. Common Semitic ) A Bibliography of Ugaritic Grammar and Biblical Hebrew in the Twentieth Century , by M. Smith [http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/bibs/BH-Ugaritic.html: pdf, doc, rtf]. “A classified discourse analysis bibliography”, by K.E. Lowery, in DABL , pp. 213-253. An Index of English Periodical Literature on the Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies , 2 vols. (American Theological Library Association. Bibliography Series 21), by W.G. Hupper, Philadelphia 1987-1999. ´ “Bibliografia historii i kultury Zydów w Polsce za rok 1994”, by St. G ąsiorowski, Studia Judaica Crocoviensia: Series Bibliographica 2 (10), Krakow 2002 [Bibliography on the history and culture od the Jews in Poland for the year 1994]. “Bibliographie, Altes Testament/Qumran”, AfO 14, 1941-1944 // 29-30, 1983-1984 (Palestina und Syrien ; Altes Testament un nachbiblische Schriftum ; Die handschriftenfunde am Toten Meer/Qumran). Bibliographie biblique/Biblical Bibliography/Biblische Bibliographie/Bibliografla biblica/Bibliografía bíblica. III : 1930-1983 , by P.-E. Langevin, Québec 1985 [‘Philologie’, 335-464]. “Bibliographische Dokurnentation: lexikalisches und grammatisches Material”, bearb. von T. Ijoherty et al. , ZAH l, 1988, 122-137, 210-234. “Bibliographische Dokumentation: lexikalisches und grammatisches Material”, bearb. von W. Breder et al. , ZAH 2, 1989, 93-119; 2, 1989, 213-243, 3, 1990, 98-125; 3, 1990, 221-231. “Bibliographische Dokumentation: lexikalisches und grammatisches Material”, bearb. von B. Brauer et al. ., ZAH 4, 1991, 95-114,194-209; 5, 1992, 91-112, 226-236; 6, 1993, 128-148; 6, 1993, 243-256 ; 6, 1993, 128-148; 6, 1993, 243-256 ; 7, 1994, 88-100; 7, 1994, 245-257; “Bibliographische Dokumientation: lexikalisches und grammatisches Material”, in Verbindung mit B. -
Israel Prize
Year Winner Discipline 1953 Gedaliah Alon Jewish studies 1953 Haim Hazaz literature 1953 Ya'akov Cohen literature 1953 Dina Feitelson-Schur education 1953 Mark Dvorzhetski social science 1953 Lipman Heilprin medical science 1953 Zeev Ben-Zvi sculpture 1953 Shimshon Amitsur exact sciences 1953 Jacob Levitzki exact sciences 1954 Moshe Zvi Segal Jewish studies 1954 Schmuel Hugo Bergmann humanities 1954 David Shimoni literature 1954 Shmuel Yosef Agnon literature 1954 Arthur Biram education 1954 Gad Tedeschi jurisprudence 1954 Franz Ollendorff exact sciences 1954 Michael Zohary life sciences 1954 Shimon Fritz Bodenheimer agriculture 1955 Ödön Pártos music 1955 Ephraim Urbach Jewish studies 1955 Isaac Heinemann Jewish studies 1955 Zalman Shneur literature 1955 Yitzhak Lamdan literature 1955 Michael Fekete exact sciences 1955 Israel Reichart life sciences 1955 Yaakov Ben-Tor life sciences 1955 Akiva Vroman life sciences 1955 Benjamin Shapira medical science 1955 Sara Hestrin-Lerner medical science 1955 Netanel Hochberg agriculture 1956 Zahara Schatz painting and sculpture 1956 Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai Jewish studies 1956 Yigael Yadin Jewish studies 1956 Yehezkel Abramsky Rabbinical literature 1956 Gershon Shufman literature 1956 Miriam Yalan-Shteklis children's literature 1956 Nechama Leibowitz education 1956 Yaakov Talmon social sciences 1956 Avraham HaLevi Frankel exact sciences 1956 Manfred Aschner life sciences 1956 Haim Ernst Wertheimer medicine 1957 Hanna Rovina theatre 1957 Haim Shirman Jewish studies 1957 Yohanan Levi humanities 1957 Yaakov -
Dictionaries
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS THE ACADEMY OF THE HEBREW LANGUAGE ! Prices quoted in U.S. dollars ! The cost of surface postage is included To order publications of the Academy of the Hebrew Language, contact Etti Mishli by e-mail at [email protected] or by phone at +972-2-6493512 PERIODICALS Leshonenu A Journal for the Study of the Hebrew Language and Cognate Subjects Single Issue 15$ Double Issue 25$ Annual Subscription 42$ Ha’Ivrit A Popular Journal for the Hebrew Language Single Issue 7$ Double Issue 15$ Annual Subscription 32$ Zikhronot HaAZqademya Lalashon Ha’Ivrit (Proceedings of the Academy of the Hebrew Language), Vols. 19–57 Single Issue 12$ Aqaddem free GRAMMATICAL PUBLICATIONS The Academic Secretariat | Academy Rulings: Grammar 2014 | 137 pp. | Booklet 22$ The Academic Secretariat | Transcription Rules 22$ 2012 | Ha’ivtrit | vol. 60 , no. 1–2 , 94 pp. The Academic Secretariat | Punctuation Rules; Spelling Rules for Unpointed 10$ Hebrew 2002 | 61 pp. | Booklet BOOKS Shimon Sharvit | A Phonology of Mishnaic Hebrew (Analyzed Materials) 2016 | 478 pp. | Hardcover 47$ Yael Reshef | Hebrew in the Mandate Period 37$ 2015 | 392 pp. | Hardcover Uri Mor | Judean Hebrew: The Language of the Hebrew Documents from 37$ Judea Between the First and the Second Revolts 2015 | 444 pp. | Hardcover Mordechay Mishor | The Consolidation of Early Vocabulary: A Fieldwork 2015 | 120 pp. | Hardcover 25$ Michael Rand and Jonathan Vardi | The Diwan of Samuel Ha-Nagid – A Gniza Codex 2015 | 230 pp. | Hardcover 50$ Moshe Bar-Asher | A Morphology of Mishnaic Hebrew: Introductions and For purchase: Noun Morphology Mosad Bialik, Jerusalem 2015 | 2 vols., 1744 pp. -
Restoring Hebrew Diacritics Without a Dictionary
ACL-IJCNLP 2021 Submission 2830. Confidential Review Copy. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 000 050 001 Restoring Hebrew Diacritics Without a Dictionary 051 002 052 003 053 004 054 005 Anonymous ACL-IJCNLP submission 055 006 056 007 057 008 058 009 059 010 060 011 Abstract 061 062 המטוס נחת ברכות! 012 (a) hamatos naxat ???? 013 We demonstrate that it is feasible to diacritize 063 ‘The plane landed (unspecified)’ 014 Hebrew script without any human-curated re- 064 הַמָּטוֹס Éחַת בְּר¯כּוּת! sources other than plain diacritized text. We 015 065 present NAKDIMON, a two-layer character- (b) hamatos naxat b-rakut 016 level LSTM, that performs on par with ‘The plane landed softly’ 066 017 067 הַמָּטוֹס Éחַת בְּר´כוֹת! much more complicated curation-dependent 018 systems, across a diverse array of modern He- 068 (c) hamatos naxat braxot brew sources. 019 ‘The plane landed congratulations’ 069 020 1 Introduction 070 021 Table 1: An example of an undotted Hebrew text (a) 071 022 The vast majority of modern Hebrew texts are writ- (written right to left) which can be interpreted in at least 072 023 ten in a letter-only version of the Hebrew script, two different ways (b,c), dotted and pronounced differ- 073 ently, but only (b) makes grammatical sense. 024 one which omits the diacritics present in the full di- 074 1 025 acritized, or dotted variant. Since most vowels are 075 encoded via diacritics, the pronunciation of words 026 dotted text. Obtaining such data is not trivial, even 076 in the text is left underspecified, and a considerable 027 given correct pronunciation: the standard Tiberian 077 mass of tokens becomes ambiguous. -
9789004263406 12-Buth HLI
The Language Environment of First Century Judaea Jerusalem Studies in the Synoptic Gospels Volume Two Edited by Randall Buth and R. Steven Notley LEIDEN | BOSTON This is a digital offfprint for restricted use only | © 2014 Koninklijke Brill NV Contents Introduction: Language Issues Are Important for Gospel Studies 1 Randall Buth Sociolinguistic Issues in a Trilingual Framework 7 1 The Origins of the “Exclusive Aramaic Model” in the Nineteenth Century: Methodological Fallacies and Subtle Motives 9 Guido Baltes 2 The Use of Hebrew and Aramaic in Epigraphic Sources of the New Testament Era 35 Guido Baltes 3 Hebraisti in Ancient Texts: Does Ἑβραϊστί Ever Mean “Aramaic”? 66 Randall Buth and Chad Pierce 4 The Linguistic Ethos of the Galilee in the First Century C.E. 110 Marc Turnage 5 Hebrew versus Aramaic as Jesus’ Language: Notes on Early Opinions by Syriac Authors 182 Serge Ruzer Literary Issues in a Trilingual Framework 207 6 Hebrew, Aramaic, and the Difffering Phenomena of Targum and Translation in the Second Temple Period and Post-Second Temple Period 209 Daniel A. Machiela 7 Distinguishing Hebrew from Aramaic in Semitized Greek Texts, with an Application for the Gospels and Pseudepigrapha 247 Randall Buth This is a digital offfprint for restricted use only | © 2014 Koninklijke Brill NV vi contents 8 Non-Septuagintal Hebraisms in the Third Gospel: An Inconvenient Truth 320 R. Steven Notley Reading Gospel Texts in a Trilingual Framework 347 9 Hebrew-Only Exegesis: A Philological Approach to Jesus’ Use of the Hebrew Bible 349 R. Steven Notley and Jefffrey P. Garcia 10 Jesus’ Petros–petra Wordplay (Matthew 16:18): Is It Greek, Aramaic, or Hebrew? 375 David N. -
Translators Frequently Consult the Dead Sea Scroll Texts, Particularly in Problematic Passages
Translators frequently consult the Dead Sea Scroll texts, particularly consulttheDeadSeaScroll passages. frequently inproblematic Translators Photo by Berthold Werner. Dead Sea Scroll 4Q175, Jordan, Amman. Why Bible Translations Differ: A Guide for the Perplexed ben spackman Ben Spackman ([email protected]) received an MA in Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations from the University of Chicago, where he pursued further graduate work. Currently a premedical student at City College of New York, he will apply to medical schools in 2014. righam Young once said that “if [the Bible] be translated incorrectly, and Bthere is a scholar on the earth who professes to be a Christian, and he can translate it any better than King James’s translators did it, he is under obli- gation to do so.”1 Many translations have appeared since 1611, and modern Apostles have profitably consulted these other Bible translations, sometimes citing them in general conference or the Ensign.2 Latter-day Saints who likewise wish to engage in personal study from other Bible translations will quickly notice differences of various kinds, not only in style but also in sub- stance. Some differences between translations are subtle, others glaringly obvious, such as the first translation of Psalm 23 into Tlingit: “The Lord is my Goatherder, I don’t want him; he hauls me up the mountain; he drags me down to the beach.”3 While the typical Latter-day Saint reads the Bible fairly often,4 many are unfamiliar with “where the [biblical] texts originated, how they were trans- mitted, what sorts of issues translators struggled with, or even how different types of translations work, or even where to start finding answers.”5 Generally speaking, differences arise from four aspects of the translation process, three 31 32 Religious Educator · VOL. -
The Vocalization of Verbs Containing Gutturals in Tiberian and Babylonian Traditions. an Attempt of Systematic Description
Uniwersytet Warszawski Wydział Orientalistyczny Wiktor Gębski Nr albumu: 305018 The Vocalization of Verbs Containing Gutturals in Tiberian and Babylonian Traditions. An Attempt of Systematic Description Praca magisterska na kierunku orientalistyka w zakresie hebraistyki Praca wykonana pod kierunkiem Dr Angeliki Adamczyk Dr Lidii Napiórkowskiej Zakład Hebraistyki Warszawa, maj 2018 Oświadczenie kierującego pracą Oświadczam, że niniejsza praca została przygotowana pod moim kierunkiem i stwierdzam, że spełnia ona warunki do przedstawienia jej w postępowaniu o nadanie tytułu zawodowego. Data Podpis kierującego pracą Oświadczenie autora (autorów) pracy Świadom odpowiedzialności prawnej oświadczam, że niniejsza praca dyplomowa została napisana przez mnie samodzielnie i nie zawiera treści uzyskanych w sposób niezgodny z obowiązującymi przepisami. Oświadczam również, że przedstawiona praca nie była wcześniej przedmiotem procedur związanych z uzyskaniem tytułu zawodowego w wyższej uczelni. Oświadczam ponadto, że niniejsza wersja pracy jest identyczna z załączoną wersją elektroniczną. Data Podpis autora (autorów) pracy Streszczenie The subject of the present research is the inconsistencies within the vocalization of the Tiberian and Babylonian tradition. The thesis consists of three chapters. While in the first one the general overview of the pronunciation traditions of Biblical Hebrew was given, the second one constitutes a description of the vowel systems of the selected traditions. The third chapter contains the analytical part of the thesis. The collected material included 127 verbal forms from various stems which subsequently were analysed in order to spot fluctuations demonstrated by their vowel systems and prosodic structure. As will be seen, in the Tiberian tradition most of the inconsistencies are a matter of shewa placement and vowel length. Contrary to this, in the Babylonian one the fluctuations occur mostly in the vowel quality. -
Hebert & Hebemo: a Hebrew BERT Model and a Tool for Polarity
HeBERT & HebEMO: a Hebrew BERT Model and a Tool for Polarity Analysis and Emotion Recognition Avihay Chriqui, Inbal Yahav Abstract Sentiment analysis of user-generated content (UGC) can provide valuable information across nu- merous domains, including marketing, psychology, and public health. Currently, there are very few Hebrew models for natural language processing in general, and for sentiment analysis in particu- lar; indeed, it is not straightforward to develop such models because Hebrew is a Morphologically Rich Language (MRL) with challenging characteristics. Moreover, the only available Hebrew sen- timent analysis model, based on a recurrent neural network, was developed for polarity analysis (classifying text as \positive", \negative", or neutral) and was not used for detection of finer- grained emotions (e.g., anger, fear, joy). To address these gaps, this paper introduces HeBERT and HebEMO. HeBERT is a Transformer-based model for modern Hebrew text, which relies on a BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations for Transformers) architecture. BERT has been shown to outperform alternative architectures in sentiment analysis, and is suggested to be partic- ularly appropriate for MRLs. Analyzing multiple BERT specifications, we find that while model complexity correlates with high performance on language tasks that aim to understand terms in a sentence, a more-parsimonious model better captures the sentiment of an entire sentence. Notably, regardless of the complexity of the BERT specification, our BERT-based language model outper- forms all existing Hebrew alternatives on all common language tasks. HebEMO is a tool that uses arXiv:2102.01909v3 [cs.CL] 25 Feb 2021 HeBERT to detect polarity and extract emotions from Hebrew UGC. -
The Hebrew Language Council from 1904 to 1914*
Bulletin of the SOAS, 73, 1 (2010), 45–64. © School of Oriental and African Studies, 2010. doi:10.1017/S0041977X09990346 Revisiting the language factor in Zionism: The Hebrew Language Council from 1904 to 1914* İlker Aytürk Bilkent University, Turkey [email protected] Abstract The role of language and linguistic-philological studies in the nationalist movements of the nineteenth century received much attention. The aim of this article is to focus on the language factor in Zionism and the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language in the Yishuv between 1904 and 1914. Founded in 1904, the Hebrew Language Council was expected to enhance the process of revival and, from the very beginning, an unmistakably nationalist attitude to its subject matter marked the Council’s agenda. However, the authority of the Council to make binding decisions on lin- guistic matters was contested by a number of other Zionist institutions, a development which ruined the prestige and effectiveness of the Council. The controversy resulted less from a turf war or quarrels over scarce resources than a deeper question of which institution represented the “true” Hebraic spirit. The World Zionist Organization’s decision to de- align from cultural matters, including the revival of Hebrew, worsened the conditions under which the Council operated. From a comparative per- spective, thus, the Hebrew case provides an unusual case of linguistic nationalism, which should be of interest to students of both nationalism and sociolinguistics. The majority of the scholars in the field of nationalism studies today agree on the modernity of nations and believe nations to be “constructs”, “artefacts” or “ima- gined communities”, invented by a host of nationalist ideologues since the late eighteenth century. -
Codex Sangallensis 878 from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Codex Sangallensis 878 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Codex Sangallensis 878 is a manuscript kept in the library of the Abbey of St. Gall, in Switzerland. It dates to the 9th century and probably originates in Fulda monastery, it contains mainly excerpts of grammatical texts, including the Ars minor and Ars maior of Aelius Donatus, the grammar of Priscian, the Etymologiae of Isidore of Sevilla and the grammar of Alcuin. Furthermore, it contains a presentation of the Greek alphabet, the Hebrew alphabet, the Anglo- Saxon runes and the Scandinavian Younger Futhark, the latter in the form of a short rune poem known as the Abecedarium Nordmannicum. Bischoff (1980) considers the manuscript a personal collection or brevarium of Walahfrid Strabo's, who from 827 was in Fulda as a student of Hrabanus Maurus, and from 838 was abbot of the Reichenau Abbey. Hrabanus himself is known to have been interested in runes, and he is credited with the treatise Hrabani Mauri abbatis fuldensis, de inventione linguarum ab Hebraea usque ad Theodiscam ("on the invention of languages, from Hebrew to German"), identifying the Hebrew and Germanic ("Theodish") languages with their respective alphabets. References • Bischoff, Bernhard (1980). Die südostdeutschen Schreibschulen und Bibliotheken in der Karolingerzeit, Wiesbaden. External links • Online scan Cod. Sang. 878 at www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0878 Hebrew alphabet The Hebrew alphabet, known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script, block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language. It is used in the writing of other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Judaeo-Spanish, Judeo-Arabic.