Studi Analisis : Sistem Demokrasi Pada Masa Rezim Jokowi

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Studi Analisis : Sistem Demokrasi Pada Masa Rezim Jokowi SKRIPSI PERGESERAN DEMOKRASI KE TIRANI (STUDI ANALISIS : SISTEM DEMOKRASI PADA MASA REZIM JOKOWI) Disusun Oleh : SAMUEL L P S 130906068 Dosen Pembimbing : Warjio. Ph.D DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK DEPARTEMEN ILMU POLITIK Samuel L P S (130906068) PERGESERAN DARI DEMOKRASI KE TIRANI (STUDI ANALISIS: SISTEM DEMOKRASI PADA MASA REZIM JOKOWI). Rincian isi skripsi, 107 halaman, 32 buku, 5 jurnal, 16 situs internet, dan 4 sumber lain. ABSTRAK Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana terjadinya perpindahan perspektif dari demokrasi ke tirani di masa rezim Jokowi. Demokrasi yang dianut selama 21 tahun perlahan mulai bergeser dan mengingatkan kembali pada pemerintahan di masa orde baru. Selain itu, juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pergolakan politik yang terjadi di awal pemerintahan pada 2014 hingga 3 tahun rezim Jokowi antara pihak penguasa dan oposisi dan penguasa dengan beberapa tokoh dan aktivis. Skripsi ini juga menjelaskan bagaimana strategi yang diatur rezim Jokowi dalam menguatkan posisinya di parlemen atau konsep yang dibangun untuk membagi kekuasaan baik di eksekutif maupun legislatif oleh individu atau penguasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan penulis, yaitu teknik analisis data kualitatif, yaitu permasalahan yang diangkat akan digambarkan berdasarkan fakta- fakta yang ada dan kemudian akan diselaraskan antara fakta yang satu dengan fakta yang lainnya sehingga dapat ditarik sebuah kesimpulan. Kata kunci: demokrasi, tirani, pembangunan, otoriter. UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN SUMATRA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Samuel L P S (130906068) SHIFTING FROM DEMOCRACY TO THE TIRANNY (ANALYSIS STUDY: THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF THE JOKOWI REGIME. Details of thesis content: 107 pages, 32 books, 4 journals, 16 internet sites, and 4 other sources. ABSTRACT This thesis aims to find out how the movement of perspective from democracy to tyranny in the Jokowi regime. Democracy adopted for 21 years slowly began to shift and remind the government in the new order era. In addition, it also aims to analyze the political upheaval that occurred at the beginning of government in 2014 to 3 years Jokowi regime between the ruling and the opposition and the ruler with several figures and activists. This thesis also explains how the strategy regulated by the Jokowi regime in strengthening its position in parliament or concepts built to divide power both in the executive and legislative by individuals or ruler. The research method used in the writing of this thesis is descriptive. Data collection techniques used in the form of secondary data. Data analysis techniques used by the author, the qualitative data analysis techniques, namely the issues raised will be illustrated based on existing facts and then will be harmonized between one fact with another fact so that can be drawn a conclusion. Keywords: democracy, tyranny, development, authoritarianism. KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur saya ucapkan kepada hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat, rahmat dan karunia-Nya, skripsi yang berjudul “Pergeseran dari Demokrasi ke Tirani (Studi Analisis: Sistem Demokrasi Pada Masa Rezim Jokowi)” ini bisa diselesaikan dengan baik, sehingga bisa memenuhi persyaratan untuk memperoleh Sarjana Ilmu Politik dari FISIP, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Selesainya skripsi ini tidak lepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, dalam kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang tulus kepada: 1. Bapak Dr. Muryanto Amin, S.Sos, M.Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. Bapak Warjio, MA, Ph.D selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Politik sekaligus dosen pembimbing skripsi yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktunya untuk membimbing jalannya skripsi ini. Terimakasih atas saran dan masukannya sehingga skripsi ini jauh lebih baik dari sebelumnya. 3. Dosen dan Staf Pengajar Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Sumatera Utara yang telah memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat. 4. Ibu Zuraidah dan Bapak Burhan yang selalu membantu dalam urusan administrasi. 5. Ayahanda Benhard Siregar beserta kakak dan abang tercinta, Meliza Siregar, Jubelium Siregar, Happy Siregar dan Nurmely Sitorus serta seluruh keluarga besar yang telah menjadi alasan terbesar penulis untuk terus bersemangat dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 6. Sahabat-sahabat penulis, Bapak Kentung Silalahi, Bapak Zul Siregar, Philipus Raymond, Rinaldi Pakpahan, dan Fachrul Rozy yang selalu setia menemani dalam suka maupun duka, selalu memberikan dukungan kepada penulis hingga penulis melakukan penyusunan skripsi. 7. Seluruh pihak terkait dan teman-teman yang tidak bisa disebutkan namanya satu persatu yang sama-sama berjuang dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan. Demikian, semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca pada umumnya dan kepada penulis khususnya. Penulis menyadari bahwa masih banyak terdapat kekurangan yang ada dalam skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis sangat mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun dari semua pihak yang membaca skripsi ini dan untuk itu penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih. Medan, 24 Juli 2017 Penulis, Samuel L P S DAFTAR ISI Halaman ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. v DAFTAR TABEL.......................................................................................... vi BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah.................................................................................... 16 C. Pembatasan Masalah................................................................................ 16 D. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 17 E. Manfaat Penelitian……………………………………………………… 17 F. Kerangka Teori…………………………………………………………. 18 F.1. Teori Kekuasaan ……………………………….... .................... 18 F.2. Teori Demokrasi………………………………… ..................... 27 F.3. Teori Tirani………………………………………….. ............... 35 F.4. Teori Developmentalism……………………………. ................ 39 G. Metodologi Penelitian………………………………………………….. 43 G.1 Metode Penelitian…………………………………………….. ... 43 G.2 Jenis Penelitian…………………………………. ........................ 43 G.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data……………………………………. .. 44 G.4 Teknik Analisis Data…….………………………………….. ..... 44 H. Sistematika Penulisan………………………………………………….. 45 BAB II PEMILIHAN UMUM PRESIDEN 2014 & TERBENTUKNYA REZIM JOKOWI ......................................................................................... 47 A. Pemilu Presiden 2014 .......................................................................... 47 A.1. Pemilihan Langsung di Indonesia .............................................. 47 A.2. Pemilihan Legislatif 2014 .......................................................... 51 A.3. Pemilihan Presiden 2014 ............................................................ 53 B. Terbentuknya Rezim Jokowi............................................................... 66 BAB III HASIL PENELITIAN ................................................................... 79 A. Perubahan Perspektif dari Demokrasi ke Tirani.. .................................... 79 B. Strategi Jokowi Dalam Menguatkan Posisinya. ...................................... 102 BAB IV PENUTUP ....................................................................................... 107 A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 107 B. Saran ........................................................................................................ 110 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel A.1 Struktur Kabinet Jokowi-JK ..................................................... 70 Tabel A.2 Reshuffle I di Kabinet Kerja Jokowi-JK .................................. 73 Tabel A.3 Reshuffle II di Kabinet Kerja Jokowi-JK................................. 74 Tabel A.4 Reshuffle III di Kabinet Kerja Jokowi-JK…………………… 75 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Demokrasi tampak pada masyarakat yang menciptakannya dan pada prinsip-prinsip hidup yang mereka pegang karena demokrasi merupakan produk langsung dari seluruh warganya, tidak ada satupun masyarakat demokrasi yang mencapai kesempurnaan tanpa mengubah cita-citanya menjadi kenyataan. Warga demokrasi adalah umat manusia, dengan segala kebaikan maupun keburukannya1. Kata “demokrasi” berasal dari dua kata, yaitu demos yang berarti rakyat, dan kratos/cratein yang berarti pemerintahan, sehingga dapat diartikan sebagai pemerintahan rakyat, atau yang lebih kita kenal sebagai pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat dan untuk rakyat. Konsep demokrasi menjadi sebuah kata kunci tersendiri dalam bidang ilmu politik. Hal ini disebabkan karena demokrasi saat ini disebut-sebut sebagai indikator perkembangan
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