PARTAI POLITIK DAN KOALISI PEMERINTAHAN Studi Atas Penolakan PAN Terhadap Perppu Ormas Dalam Pemerintah Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla 2014-2019

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PARTAI POLITIK DAN KOALISI PEMERINTAHAN Studi Atas Penolakan PAN Terhadap Perppu Ormas Dalam Pemerintah Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla 2014-2019 PARTAI POLITIK DAN KOALISI PEMERINTAHAN Studi atas Penolakan PAN terhadap Perppu Ormas dalam Pemerintah Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla 2014-2019 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh: Reno Meidi Fikri NIM:11141120000054 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU POLITIK FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2019 M ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas mengenai fenomena yang terjadi di dalam koalisi pemerintahan Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla periode 2014-2019. Partai Amanat Nasional, yang semula menjadi lawan politik Jokowi-JK pada pemilu 2014 dengan mencalonkan Hatta Rajasa menjadi pendamping Prabowo Subianto, tiba-tiba berpindah ke lain hati pada tahun 2015 pasca terpilihnya Zulkifli Hasan sebagai ketua umum PAN yang baru. PAN menyatakan mendukung pemerintah Jokowi- JK. Langkah tersebut membuat jumlah kursi koalisi pendukung pemerintah menjadi besar, setelah sebelumnya didahului PPP dan Partai Golkar bergabung ke dalam barisan Jokowi-JK. Namun, seiring waktu PAN memiliki perbedaan sikap dari mitra koalisi yang lain, pada puncak penolakkan PAN terhadap terbitnya Perppu Ormas. Tentu saja harapan bergabung ke dalam koalisi seharusnya dibarengi dengan memiliki sikap yang sama. Maka dalam penelitian ini di bahas lebih dalam mengenai pandangan PAN terhadap Perppu Ormas sesungguhnya, serta mengapa terjadi perbedaan pandangan antara PAN dan mitra koalisi yang lain terkait masalah Perppu Ormas. Peneliti menggunakan teori partai politik dan koalisi partai politik dalam menganalisa masalah penelitian ini. Serta menggunakan pendekatan metode penelitian kualiatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa, penolakan PAN terhadap Perppu Ormas tidak memiliki alasan kuat. Hilangnya fungsi yudikatif dan dominannya eksekutif dalam pembubaran ormas menjadi alasan kuat PAN. Selain itu, asas contrarius actus yang tidak tepat digunakan menjadi alasan lain PAN. Serta PAN merasa tidak ada kegentingan yang memaksa untuk pemerintah mengeluarkan perppu. Banyaknya partai politik yang tergabung ke dalam koalisi Jokowi-JK, maka semakin sulit dalam menyamakan pandangan antar mitra koalisi. Kesamaan ideologi atau platform partai yang menjadi nomor dua dalam menentukan mitra koalisi menambah kesulitan dalam menyamakan pandangan antra mitra koalisi yang dibarengi kurang optimalnya komunikasi politik yang dilakukan Jokowi maupun PDI-P selaku poros utama koalisi. Kata kunci: Koalisi, partai politik, PAN, pemerintahan, Jokowi, JK iv KATA PENGANTAR Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb. Puji syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini sebagai tugas akhir. Shalawat serta salam tercurahkan selalu kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga, para sahabat, dan para pengikutnya dari awal hingga akhir zaman. Skripsi yang penulis beri judul Partai Politik dan Koalisi Pemerintahan (Studi atas Penolakan PAN terhadap Perppu Ormas dalam Pemerintahan Joko Widodo- Jusuf Kalla 2014-2019 disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) pada Program Studi Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penulis menyadari dalam penyusunan skripsi ini belum sempurna dan masih terdapat kekurangan di dalamnya, oleh karena itu penulis menerima kritik dan saran yang membangun dari semua pihak terkait skripsi ini. Penyusunan skripsi ini juga tidak terlepas dari bantuan dan dorongan oleh berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Prof. Dr. Hj. Amany Lubis, M.A, selaku Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, beserta seluruh staff dan jajarannya. 2. Prof. Dr. Ali Munhanif, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, beserta seluruh staff dan jajarannya. 3. Dr. Iding Rasyidin, M.Si selaku Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Politik FISIP UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. v 4. Suryani, M.Si selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Politik FISIP UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 5. Dr. Ahmad Bakir Ihsan, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing dalam penelitian ini. Terima kasih telah membimbing, meluangkan waktu, tenaga dan pikiran di tengah kesibukannya. 6. Seluruh dosen di Program Studi Ilmu Politik yang telah memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi penulis. 7. Drs. Abdul Hakam Naja, M.Si, selaku anggota Fraksi PAN dan anggota Komisi II DPR-RI yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk menemui dan diwawancarai oleh penulis. 8. Achmad Baidowi S.Sos, selaku anggota Fraksi PPP dan anggota Komisi II DPR-RI yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktu untuk menemui dan diwawancara oleh penulis. 9. Orang tua dan adik tercinta yang selalu memberikan do’a dan dukungan kepada penulis untuk dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. 10. Bude Nana dan keluarga yang telah memberikan membantu dan memberi semangat kepada penulis semasa kuliah. 11. Bunda Dita dan Papi Henry, beserta Sasya, Zafran, Abiyyu, dan baby Zee, atas semangat dan dorongan kepada penulis semasa kuliah. 12. Teman-teman Ilmu Politik B 2014, Barri, Guntur, Aufarmario, Hisyam, Mardy, Milla, Anita, Randy, Alvin, Hammar, dan lainnya, Terimakasih atas kenangan semasa kuliah. vi 13. Sahabat Irzal, Kikoy, Padlan, Ical Marbun, dan sahabat-sahabati PMII KOMFISIP angkatan 2013 lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Terima kasih atas ilmu dan pengalaman yang diberikan. 14. Sahabat Ruli, Rere, Tio, dan sahabat-sahabati PMII KOMFISIP angkatan 2012 lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Terimakasih atas ilmu dan pengalaman yang diberikan. 15. Sahabat-sahabati PMII KOMFISIP yang telah memberikan pelajaran berharga untuk penulis. 16. Terima kasih khusus diberikan kepada Fitra dan Bang Chendy yang telah memberikan nasihat dan bimbingan penulis dalm menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Sulit tanpa adanya bantuan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak, penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Semoga Allah SWT selalu memberikan karunia-Nya dan membalas kebaikan mereka atas bantuan yang telah diberikan. Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna dan masih terdapat kekurangan didalamnya. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat terutama untuk para pembaca. Ciputat, 12 November 2019 Reno Meidi Fikri vii DAFTAR ISI PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIARISME ................................................... i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKIPSI .................................................. ii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI ............................................ iii ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Pernyataan Masalah ..............................................................1 B. Pertanyaan Masalah ..............................................................6 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .............................................6 D. Tinjauan Pustaka ...................................................................7 E. Metode Penelitian ...............................................................10 F. Sistematika Penulisan .........................................................12 BAB II KERANGKA TEORI DAN KONSEPTUAL A. Partai Politik .......................................................................14 A.1 Definisi Partai Politik ...................................................14 A.2 Jenis-Jenis Partai Politik ..............................................17 B. Koalisi .................................................................................19 B.1 Definisi Koalisi Partai Politik ......................................19 B.2 Jenis Koalisi Partai Politik ...........................................20 BAB III PARTAI AMANAT NASIONAL DAN KOALISI PEMILU 2014 A. Perjalanan Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) Periode 1999-2009 ...........................................................................24 B. Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) pada Pemilu 2014 .............27 viii C. PAN dan Koalisi Pemerinthan Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ..32 C.1 Bergabungnya PAN ke dalam Koalisi .........................32 C.2 Sekilas Tentang Hak Angket dan RUU Pemilu ...........36 BAB IV PENOLAKAN PERPPU ORMAS OLEH PARTAI AMANAT NASIONAL DALAM KOALISI JOKO WIDODO- JUSUF KALLA A. Alasan Pemerintah Menerbitkan Perppu ............................42 B. Pandangan PAN Terhadap Perppu Ormas ..........................47 C. Faktor Perbedaan Sikap PAN dengan Koalisi Pendukung Pemerintahan Jokowi-JK .................................54 C.1 Faktor Kebijakan Internal PAN ...................................54 C.2 Faktor Bentuk Koalisi ..................................................56 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Kesimpulan ...................................................................60 B. Saran .............................................................................62 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................63 ix DAFTAR TABEL Tabel III.A.1 Peta Koalisi Partai Politik pada Pemilu Presiden 2014 ......30 Tabel III.C.1 Tabel Reshuffle Kabinet Kerja Jilid ke-II ..........................44 Tabel III.C.2.1 Paket RUU Pemilu pada Lima Isu Krusial .........................48 Tabel III.C.2.2 Tabel Sikap Partai Politik pada Sidang Paripurna RUU Pemilu
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