Somatic Memory: Trauma and the (Eucharistic) Body

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Somatic Memory: Trauma and the (Eucharistic) Body Somatic Memory: Trauma and the (Eucharistic) Body Submitted by Karen Maria O’Donnell to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology & Religion In March 2016 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 1 Acknowledgements My thanks, first and foremost, must go to my two supervisors—Siobhán Garrigan and Morwenna Ludlow. You have inspired and supported me as you have walked this thesis with me. I am forever grateful that you trusted me to go my own way and offered me signposts where I needed them. I also thank the Department of Theology and Religion at the University of Exeter for being such a welcoming, inspirational, and collegial place to take my first steps in my academic life. I’ve relished every opportunity you have thrown my way. I am also grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for a generous scholarship without which I would not have been able to pursue this research. A special thanks also goes to Sam Hayes for helping me out of more than one tricky Latin tangle. My final thanks go to my family. To my sister Lisa and my niece Lydia for brightening the tough days. To my Dad and Wendy for encouraging me and painstakingly reading every single line of this thesis as my proof-readers. Lastly, but most importantly, I thank my Mum for encouraging me every step of the way, celebrating every success with me, and making me believe that I could do this. Thanks Mum. 2 Abstract The Body of Christ is a traumatised body because it is constituted of traumatised bodies. This thesis explores the nature of that trauma and examines the implications of identifying the trauma of this body. Trauma specialist Bessel Van Der Kolk posits that trauma is written into the somatic, or bodily, memory rather than the semantic memory. This somatic memory is essential to understanding trauma as this memory is repeated in the traumatised body. No theologian has yet explored what the somatic memory of the Christian body might be. This somatic memory not only tells us what the trauma of the Body of Christ is and signposts routes for healing, but also, once we identify the somatic memory, allows us to explore its implications for theology. Beginning with the celebration of the Eucharist as the central place in Christianity where bodies and memory come together, this thesis examines what memory is being remembered and repeated at the altar. The identification of this somatic memory is then used as a hermeneutical lens through which to explore the foundational narratives of the Eucharist and the bodies involved in its celebration. This research reveals that the somatic memory at the heart of Christianity is the memory of the Annunciation-Incarnation event. This event ruptures the foundational eucharistic narratives of priesthood, sacrifice, and presence and demonstrates that Mary must have a central place in Christian theology. It reveals that Christian liturgy holds within it an unclaimed memory and experience of trauma, and an unacknowledged instinct for trauma recovery. The results of this research are significant because they offer a fresh perspective on Christian theology, in particular the Eucharist, and present a call 3 to love the body in all its guises. Furthermore, this traumatic, somatic memory opens up new pathways for considering what it means to ‘be Christian’. 4 List of Contents Chapter 1 Trauma: Bodies, Memory, and Theology 7 Chapter 2 The Eucharist as Non-Identical Repetition: What is 41 being (re)membered at the altar? Chapter 3 Christ is One: The Unity of the Body in the Theology 88 of Cyril of Alexandria Chapter 4 Out of Rupture Come Forth New Narratives: 120 Priesthood Through the Hermeneutical Lens of Trauma Chapter 5 Out of Rupture Come Forth New Narratives: Sacrifice 159 Through the Hermeneutical Lens of Trauma Chapter 6 Out of Rupture Come Forth New Narratives: The 179 Materiality of the Eucharist Chapter 7 Rupture, Repetition, and Recovery: Trauma and 227 Sacrament Chapter 8 Beyond Chauvet: Reading Chauvet Through the 251 Hermeneutical Lens of Trauma Chapter 9 Body: A Love Story 288 Bibliography 308 5 List of Illustrations Figure Title Source Page No. No. 1 Ravenna Sub Matris Tutela by Christa Belting-Ihm. 151 Mosaic Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1976, plate XVIb. Original in the Archbishop’s Chapel, Ravenna. 2 Gengenbach Cod. bibl. fol. 28, at Wuerttenbergische 152 Annunciation Landesbibliotek, Stuttgart. 3 Sacerdoce de Le Livre de la Vierge, ed. Bertrand 154 la Vierge Guégan, Paris: Arts et Métiers Graphiques,1961, p. 35. Original in the Louvre. 4 The Virgin www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/ 156 Adoring the 438434. Original in The Metropolitan Host Museum of Art, New York. 6 Chapter One Trauma: Bodies, Memory, and Theology Christianity’s earliest and most persistent doctrines focus on embodiment. From the Incarnation (the Word made flesh) and Christology (Christ was fully human) to the Eucharist (this is my body, this is my blood), the resurrection of the body, and the church (the body of Christ who is its head), Christianity has been a religion of the body. We relate to God as corporeal bodies, and in our relations with other human bodies, we experience God. It is the recognition of these experiences of God in our bodies (our own and those of others), and the critical reflection on these experiences, that leads us into embodiment theology.1 Hope Deferred Birthed in the wake of the embodied experiences of the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ, Christianity has always been a religion of the body. Whilst attitudes towards the body over the last two millennia have not always been positive, bodily experiences of baptism, communion, and community have remained at the core of the Christian faith. When one takes such embodied experience seriously—and, particularly, in the case of this thesis, the bodily experience of trauma—one not only engages in theology that is deeply meaningful and practical, but one also engages in a practice that opens up new and insightful perspectives into both theology and human experience. My own interest in trauma theology and its potential for a positive contribution to constructive doctrine came through a recommendation made by a colleague. She referred to the work being done by Serene Jones on miscarriage and trauma.2 I had experienced multiple reproductive losses and, although it was a few years since I had lost my last baby, I felt the pain of this loss sharply. I curiously sought out a copy of the book my colleague had 1 Deborah Creamer, "Toward a Theology That Includes the Human Experience of Disability," Journal of Rel2 Serene Jones, "Hope Deferred: Theological Reflections on Reproductive Loss (Infertility, Miscarriage, igion, Disability and Health 7, no. 3 (2008), 57-67, at 63. Italics Creamer’s own. Stillbirth)," Modern Theology 17, no. 2 (2001), 227-45. 7 mentioned—Hope Deferred3—and devoured it in the space of a couple of hours. It was the only piece of pastoral theology about miscarriage and infertility I had read that didn’t make me angry (and I had been given many such books to read whilst I was trying to get and stay pregnant). The writers of this book, all women, knew how I felt, they took my experience seriously, and they used the experiences I shared with them to look to theology. This was not to offer me glib assurances of all things working together for the good, or to suggest that I needed to have more faith, but, rather to say these experiences, that are common to so many women, mean we need to read scripture and doctrine through the lens of this trauma. Immersing myself in Jones’ account of reproductive loss—the miscarriage of her friend, her own miscarriage and the feeling of leaving pieces of herself in various bathrooms, the sheer volumes of blood that seem to accompany this loss of life—allowed me to weep. But it was her reflection on the womb as a grave site and the experience of death within the Trinity that both comforted me and kindled my theological exploration of trauma. Her work demonstrated the enormous potential trauma had to offer to theology. A piece of research I was working on at the time that was supposed to be about the Eucharist became a reflection on Mary’s trauma of the Annunciation-Incarnation event and the trauma experienced in our reception of the Eucharist. Jones’ work is not liturgical in nature, but her reflections stimulated my own theological interest in liturgy. That piece of writing now forms the basis for Chapter Seven of this thesis—Rupture, Repetition, and Recovery: Trauma and Sacrament. In working out the theology that finds its fuller exploration in that chapter, I began with the nascent field of trauma theology. 3 "Rupture," in Hope Deferred: Heart Healing Reflections on Reproductive Loss, ed. Nadine Pence Frantz and Mary T. Stimming (Eugene, Oregon: Resources Publications, 2005), 47-66. 8 Drawing on the psychoanalytical study of trauma, trauma theology is concerned with bodies and memories, and with bodily memories. It is easy to see how the experience of miscarriage is intimately connected to both bodies and memories, but I will present, in this thesis, a vision of Christianity that is profoundly entwined with bodies and memories.
Recommended publications
  • Reconciling Universal Salvation and Freedom of Choice in Origen of Alexandria
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (1934 -) Projects Reconciling Universal Salvation and Freedom of Choice in Origen of Alexandria Lee W. Sytsma Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Sytsma, Lee W., "Reconciling Universal Salvation and Freedom of Choice in Origen of Alexandria" (2018). Dissertations (1934 -). 769. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/769 RECONCILING UNIVERSAL SALVATION AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA by Lee W. Sytsma, B.A., M.T.S. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2018 ABSTRACT RECONCILING UNIVERSAL SALVATION AND FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA Lee W. Sytsma, B.A., M.T.S. Marquette University, 2018 Origen has traditionally been famous for his universalism, but many scholars now express doubt that Origen believed in a universal and permanent apocatastasis. This is because many scholars are convinced that Origen’s teaching on moral autonomy (or freedom of choice) is logically incompatible with the notion that God foreordains every soul’s future destiny. Those few scholars who do argue that Origen believed in both moral autonomy and universal salvation either do not know how to reconcile these two views in Origen’s theology, or their proposed “solutions” are not convincing. In this dissertation I make two preliminary arguments which allow the question of logical compatibility to come into focus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sacramental Presence in Lutheran Orthodoxy
    CONCORDIA THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY APRIL 1986 Catholicity and Catholicism . .Avery DuIles 81 The !baamental Presence in Luthetrin Orthodoxy. .Eugene F. Klug 95 Toward a New -ran I,ognWics . .Lawell C. Gnxn 109 The Curious Histories of the Wittenberg Concord . .James M. Kittelson with Ken Schurb 119 The Sacramental Presence in Lutheran Orthodoxy Eugene E Klug For Luther the doctrine of the Real Presence was one of the crucial issues of the Reformation. There is no way of understand- ing what went on in the years following his death, particularly in the lives and theology of the orthodox teachers of the Lutheran church, unless the platform on which Luther stood is clearly recog- nized. Luther had gone to the Marburg colioquy of 1529 with minimal expectations. In later years he reflected on the outcome of that discussion with Zwingli, noting that in spite of everything there had been considerable convergence except on the presence of Christ's body and blood in the Sacrament. These thoughts are contained in his BriefCor&ssionconcerning the Holy Sacmment of 1544. "With considerable hope we departed from Marburg:' Luther comments, "because they agreed to all the Christian articles of the faith:' and even "in this article of the holy sacrament they also abandoned their previous error" (that it was merely bread), and "it seemed as if they would in time share our point of view altogether!" This result was not to be, as history records. With all the might that was in him Luther protested loudly throughout his life against any diminution of Christ's body and blood in the Sacrament.' Probably none of Luther's works played as large a role as did his famous "Great Confession" of 1528, the Co~kssionconcerning Christ's Supper.
    [Show full text]
  • Dositheos Notaras, the Patriarch of Jerusalem (1669-1707), Confronts the Challenges of Modernity
    IN SEARCH OF A CONFESSIONAL IDENTITY: DOSITHEOS NOTARAS, THE PATRIARCH OF JERUSALEM (1669-1707), CONFRONTS THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Christopher George Rene IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser Theofanis G. Stavrou SEPTEMBER 2020 © Christopher G Rene, September 2020 i Acknowledgements Without the steadfast support of my teachers, family and friends this dissertation would not have been possible, and I am pleased to have the opportunity to express my deep debt of gratitude and thank them all. I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee, who together guided me through to the completion of this dissertation. My adviser Professor Theofanis G. Stavrou provided a resourceful outlet by helping me navigate through administrative channels and stay on course academically. Moreover, he fostered an inviting space for parrhesia with vigorous dialogue and intellectual tenacity on the ideas of identity, modernity, and the role of Patriarch Dositheos. It was in fact Professor Stavrou who many years ago at a Slavic conference broached the idea of an Orthodox Commonwealth that inspired other academics and myself to pursue the topic. Professor Carla Phillips impressed upon me the significance of daily life among the people of Europe during the early modern period (1450-1800). As Professor Phillips’ teaching assistant for a number of years, I witnessed lectures that animated the historical narrative and inspired students to question their own unique sense of historical continuity and discontinuities. Thank you, Professor Phillips, for such a pedagogical example.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Christian Church*
    a Grace Notes course History of the Christian Church VOLUME 5. The Middle Ages, the Papal Theocracy in Conflict with the Secular Power from Gregory VII to Boniface VIII, AD 1049 to 1294 By Philip Schaff CH512 Chapter 12: Scholastic and Mystic Theology History of the Christian Church Volume 5 The Middle Ages, the Papal Theocracy in Conflict with the Secular Power from Gregory VII to Boniface VIII, AD 1049 to 1294 CH512 Table of Contents Chapter 12. Scholastic and Mystic Theology .................................................................................2 5.95. Literature and General Introduction ......................................................................................... 2 5.96. Sources and Development of Scholasticism .............................................................................. 4 5.97. Realism and Nominalism ........................................................................................................... 6 5.98. Anselm of Canterbury ................................................................................................................ 7 5.99. Peter Abelard ........................................................................................................................... 12 5.100. Abelard’s Teachings and Theology ........................................................................................ 18 5.101. Younger Contemporaries of Abelard ..................................................................................... 21 5.102. Peter the Lombard and the Summists
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Doctrine of Transubstantiation Is Perhaps the Most Well Received Teaching When It Comes to the Application of Greek Philosophy
    Bucknell University Bucknell Digital Commons Honors Theses Student Theses 2010 The aC tholic Doctrine of Transubstantiation: An Exposition and Defense Pat Selwood Bucknell University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Selwood, Pat, "The aC tholic Doctrine of Transubstantiation: An Exposition and Defense" (2010). Honors Theses. 11. https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/honors_theses/11 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses at Bucknell Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Bucknell Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My deepest appreciation and gratitude goes out to those people who have given their support to the completion of this thesis and my undergraduate degree on the whole. To my close friends, Carolyn, Joseph and Andrew, for their great friendship and encouragement. To my advisor Professor Paul Macdonald, for his direction, and the unyielding passion and spirit that he brings to teaching. To the Heights, for the guidance and inspiration they have brought to my faith: Crescite . And lastly, to my parents, whose love, support, and sacrifice have given me every opportunity to follow my dreams. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………..………………………………………………1 Preface: Explanation of Terms………………...………………………………………......5 Chapter One: Historical Analysis of the Doctrine…………………………………...……9
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Marian Doctrine As
    INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Elizabeth Marie Farley The Development of Marian Doctrine as Reflected in the Commentaries on the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-5) by the Latin Fathers and Pastoral Theologians of the Church From the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Rev. Bertrand Buby, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2013 i Copyright © 2013 by Elizabeth M. Farley All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Nihil obstat: François Rossier, S.M., STD Vidimus et approbamus: Bertrand A. Buby S.M., STD – Director François Rossier, S.M., STD – Examinator Johann G. Roten S.M., PhD, STD – Examinator Thomas A. Thompson S.M., PhD – Examinator Elio M. Peretto, O.S.M. – Revisor Aristide M. Serra, O.S.M. – Revisor Daytonesis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 22 Augusti 2013. ii Dedication This Dissertation is Dedicated to: Father Bertrand Buby, S.M., The Faculty and Staff at The International Marian Research Institute, Father Jerome Young, O.S.B., Father Rory Pitstick, Joseph Sprug, Jerome Farley, my beloved husband, and All my family and friends iii Table of Contents Prėcis.................................................................................. xvii Guidelines........................................................................... xxiii Abbreviations...................................................................... xxv Chapter One: Purpose, Scope, Structure and Method 1.1 Introduction...................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Theology : a Series of Questions Upon the Lectures
    SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY: A SERIES OF QUESTIONS UPON THE LECTURES DELIVERED TO THE STUDENTS IN PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, BY THE Rev. CHARLES HODGE, D.D. EDITED BY A MEMBER OF THE SENIOR CLASS, AND PRINTED FOR THE USE OF THE STUDENTS. PHILADELPHIA. 1865. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1865, By Eev. FEEDERICK H. WINES, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PRINTEn BY ALFRED MARTIEN, PHir.APEI.PHlA. tv Srom i^ &t6targ of (J0equeaf0eb fig ^tm fo t^ feiBrarg of (Princeton C^cofo^icaf ^eminarj? Br PREFACE Dr. Hodge's method of teaching theology to the students in the Theological Seminary at Princeton is by manu- script lectures, which he reads to the successive classes. The questions printed in this volume are his own ques- tions upon his own lectures, and furnish a general but not an exhaustive view of the course of study pursued in his department. They have been arranged for publica- tion, (by authority of the Senior Class,) and appropriate headings added to them, in such a manner as to indicate to the eye the analysis of the subject, by one of the stu- dents, with Dr. Hodge's consent, but without his super- vision or revision. Whatever of defect there may be in the arrangement is due to the compiler. At present Dr. Hodge is engaged in rewriting his entire course of lectures, and has progressed as far as the subject of Original Sin. Up to this point, the questions are upon the new course.
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Times History of the Catholic Church Iii A
    FRATERNITAS TRIUM CORDIUM LIBRARY MODERN TIMES HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH III A. D. 1517-1914 HISTORICAL SERIES VOLUME III History of the Catholic Church III: Modern Times: A. D. 1517-1914 Herman Wedewer & Joseph McSorley 1918 Fraternitas Trium Cordium Library - Historical Series, Volume 3 Original: Wedewer, H. & McSorley, J. (1918). A Short History of the Catholic Church , 4th Edition. B. Herder Book Company. This 2019 e-edition is a work of the Fraternitas Trium Cordium. FRATERNITAS TRIUM CORDIUM https://triumcordium.com/ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PERIOD I. (A. D. 1517-1789): FROM LUTHER’S REVOLT TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Chapter I. General View Chapter II. Protestantism Art. 1. Luther’s Outbreak Art. 2. Progress of Protestantism in Germany Art. 3. Switzerland Art. 4. France Art. 5. England Art. 6. Ireland Art. 7. Scotland Art. 8. The Netherlands Art. 9. Other Countries Art. 10. Summary Chapter III. The Catholic Church Art. 1. The Catholic Revival Art. 2. The Religious Orders Art. 3. The Jesuits Art. 4. Theology and Catholic Practice Chapter IV. Religious Discords Art. 1 The Thirty Years’ War 2 Art. 2. Theological Errors Art. 3. Eighteenth Century Philosophy Chapter V, Foreign Missions in Africa and Asia Art. 1. The New Movement Art. 2. Africa Art. 3. Asia Chapter VI. Foreign Missions in America Art. 1. The Norse Settlements Art. 2. The Portuguese Settlements Art. 3. The Spanish Settlements in Central and South America Art. 4. The Spanish Settlements in Mexico and the Southern United States Art. 5. The French Settlements Art. 6. The British Settlements PERIOD II. (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Theology Edited by Ian A
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-41496-9 - The Cambridge Dictionary of Christian Theology Edited by Ian A. McFarland, David A. S. Fergusson, Karen Kilby, Iain R. Torrance Frontmatter More information the cambridge dictionary of Christian Theology With over 550 entries ranging from ‘Abba’ to ‘Zwingli’ composed by leading contemporary theologians from around the world, The Cambridge Dictionary of Christian Theology represents a fresh, ecumenical approach to theological refer- ence. Written with an emphasis on clarity and concision, all entries are designed to help the reader understand and assess the specifically theological significance of the most important concepts. Clearly structured, the volume is organized around a small number of ‘core entries’ which focus on key topics to provide a general overview of major subject areas, while making use of related shorter entries to impart a more detailed knowledge of technical terms. The work as a whole provides an introduction to the defining topics in Christian thought and is an essential reference point for students and scholars. ian a. mcfarland is Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at Emory University. His publications include Difference and Identity: A Theological Anthro- pology (2001) and The Divine Image: Envisioning the Invisible God (2005). davida.s.fergussonis Professor of Divinity and Principal of New College at the University of Edinburgh. His recent publications include Church, State and Civil Society (Cambridge, 2004) and Faith and Its Critics (2009). karen kilby is Head of the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Nottingham and President of the Catholic Theological Associ- ation of Great Britain. She is the author of A Brief Introduction to Karl Rahner (2007) and Karl Rahner: Theology and Philosophy (2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Calvin's Doctrine of the Lord's Supper
    Perichoresis Volume 10. Issue 2 (2012): 137-163 DOI 10.2478/v10297-012-0007-3 CALVIN’S DOCTRINE OF THE LORD’S SUPPER * WIM JANSE Free University of Amsterdam ABSTRACT. In order to pinpoint its proprium , it is necessary to understand John Calvin’s Eu- charistic theology within the wider context of the intra-Protestant debates of his time. As a se- cond-generation Reformer, Calvin developed his ideas explicitly in reaction to and as a middle way between the Lutheran and Swiss Reformed discussions of the 1520’s. To that end this es- say first focuses on the main developments from the Middle Ages onwards, and then presents Calvin from the perspective of the positions taken up by some of his contemporaries, in parti- cular Philipp Melanchthon. Next, some representative texts written by Calvin himself are ana- lysed. Although Calvin’s Eucharistic views were not from the beginning a coherent and unified doctrine but developed only gradually, they may be described in a systematic-synthetic way. With respect to the matter of closed, open, and frequent communion, it is observed that for Calvin a regular celebration is essential to the deepening of the believer’s union with Christ. KEY WORDS: John Calvin, the Lord’s Supper, Eucharistic theology, Reformed sacramentolo- gy, communion Introduction Calvin’s doctrine of the Lord’s Supper is not just any chapter from Calvin’s theology. 1 In his Eucharistic theology we touch upon the core of Calvin’s thought. This is true not only for Calvin, but for all major sixteenth-century * WIM JANSE is professor of historical theology and dean of the Faculty of Theology wi- thin the Free University of Amsterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY of THEOLOGY
    EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY of THEOLOGY THIRD EDITION Edited by DANIEL J. TREIER and WALTER A. ELWELL K Daniel J. Treier and Walter A. Elwell, eds., Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 1984, 2001, 2017. Used by permission. _Treier_EvangelicalDicTheo_book.indb 3 8/17/17 2:57 PM 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, 3rd edition General Editors: Daniel J. Treier and Walter A. Elwell Advisory Editors: D. Jeffrey Bingham, Cheryl Bridges Johns, John G. Stackhouse Jr., Tite Tiénou, and Kevin J. Vanhoozer © 1984, 2001, 2017 by Baker Publishing Group Published by Baker Academic a division of Baker Publishing Group P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516–6287 www.bakeracademic.com Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Treier, Daniel J., 1972– editor. | Elwell, Walter A., editor. Title: Evangelical dictionary of theology / edited by Daniel J. Treier, Walter A. Elwell. Description: Third edition. | Grand Rapids, MI : Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, 2017. Identifiers: LCCN 2017027228 | ISBN 9780801039461 (cloth : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Theology—Dictionaries. Classification: LCC BR95 .E87 2017 | DDC 230/.0462403—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017027228 Unless otherwise labeled, Scripture quotations are from the Holy Bible, New International Version®.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Papers for the Faith and Order Commission Report, Communion and Disagreement
    SUPPORTING PAPERS FOR THE FAITH AND ORDER COMMISSION REPORT, COMMUNION AND DISAGREEMENT 1 Copyright © The Archbishops’ Council 2016 2 Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1 Communion, Disagreement and Conscience Loveday Alexander and Joshua Hordern ........................................................................................ 6 Listening to Scripture ..................................................................................................................... 6 Conscience: Points of Agreement ................................................................................................ 9 Conscience and Persuasion in Paul – Joshua Hordern .......................................................... 10 Further Reflections – Loveday Alexander .................................................................................. 15 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 17 2 Irenaeus and the date of Easter Loveday Alexander and Morwenna Ludlow ................................................................................ 19 Irenaeus and the Unity of the Church – Loveday Alexander ................................................ 19 A Response – Morwenna Ludlow.................................................................................................. 23 Further Reflections – Loveday
    [Show full text]