DOCSLIB.ORG

A Foucauldian Genealogy of Early Years Pedagogy in Ireland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Foucauldian Genealogy of Early Years Pedagogy in Ireland T. Farrell A history of the present: A Foucauldian genealogy of early years pedagogy in Ireland A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education 2019 ii BLANK PAGE iii A history of the present: A Foucauldian genealogy of early years pedagogy in Ireland By: Thérèse Farrell A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education The University of Sheffield Faculty of Social Sciences School of Education September 2019 iv BLANK PAGE v Abstract This research presents a genealogical account of how power has shaped early childhood pedagogy in the Republic of Ireland. Using a Foucauldian lens, the research traces the genealogy of pedagogy for young children from the 18th century to the present day. In doing so, it describes the history of the present discourse of early years pedagogy. While the research is framed from an Irish perspective, it contributes to the global discourse on pedagogy by reimagining pedagogy through a local lens. The research design weaves practices of self and interludes throughout the narrative to deconstruct Foucauldian thinking and contest regimes of truth within the early childhood canon of knowledge. The unfolding of various types and sources of power, including sovereign, disciplinary, biopower, and the micro-physics of power leads to the various constructions of the child within particular épistèmes. These images of the child include the Romantic Child; the State Child; the Catholic Child; the Neoliberal Child; the Global Child, and the Policy Child. This research argues that the positioning of children in this way impacts the construction of pedagogy. The interplay of power within societal, economic, cultural, religious, and political movements in Irish society also contributes to the development of early years pedagogy and these movements are delineated throughout the research. The research creates a new genealogy of early years pedagogy specific to the Irish landscape. The findings can be applied to other contexts, however. A significant contribution to knowledge that emanates from this research is that power has produced and continues to produce early years pedagogy. While each épistème differed in terms of the cultural, societal, religious, political, and economic movements in Irish life, this research argues that a framework of pedagogical development emerged in the 18th century and the same pattern continues to produce early years pedagogy today. As such, Karr’s maxim, plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose, could be applied to the genealogy of the construction of early years pedagogy from an Irish perspective. vi Acknowledgements To Professor Elizabeth Wood, thank you Liz for your wisdom, support and for our many conversations about Foucault! It is one of the great privileges of my life that you supervised my doctoral research. To Dr. Elizabeth Chesworth, thank you Liz for your guidance and for encouraging me to push the boundaries of what I thought I was capable of. Your advice will continue to ring in my ear. To my wonderful friends, for knowing when I needed fun and still being there when I needed space. Thank you to Carmel and all my Mohill girls, my Lucan ladies, Maura, Michelle and my friends in work especially Fiona, Una and Lorraine. I am so lucky to have you all. A special thanks to my EdD friends Alex and Jack, thank you for the great weekends, the meaningful chats and the laughs. To my best friend, Eiméar, thank you so much for always being by my side, for believing in me and for brightening my world! You are so special to me. A special mention to my gorgeous Godchildren, Darragh, Roibín and Isla. I am so lucky to have you all in my life. Thank you to my own Godparents, Betty and Seán, for their constant guidance and support. To my extended family, my parents-in-law, Mary and John, my four beautiful sisters-in-law and my nieces and nephews. Thank you for your friendship and love. To my brother John, and Sarah, thank you for being a wonderful brother and a great friend. To my sister Maria, and Marc, thank you Mia for the constant love, support and friendship. To my two newest family members, Oisín and Isla, I love you both so much. To my Mam and Dad, thank you doesn’t seem enough. Thank you Mam for being my role model, for your unwavering support and belief in me. Thank you Dad for giving me my determination, my resilience and my sense of fun. I love you both so much. I am so lucky to have you as my parents and I am so proud to be your daughter. And finally, to John, my closest friend, my husband, my Bob. Thank you for your love, encouragement and friendship. I could not have achieved this without you. You are my world. I dedicate this to you. vii Contents Chapter 1. Knowledge is made for cutting ............................................................................... 1 Reimagining the past ................................................................................................................ 3 Positionality ............................................................................................................................. 4 Problematising pedagogy .......................................................................................................... 7 Research question .................................................................................................................. 11 Research design...................................................................................................................... 15 Mapping the research ............................................................................................................. 16 Interludes .............................................................................................................................. 19 Approach ............................................................................................................................... 20 Autoethnography ................................................................................................................... 22 The role of autoethnography in poststructural theory............................................................... 24 Genealogy and autoethnography............................................................................................. 26 Practices of self ...................................................................................................................... 27 Regime of truth ...................................................................................................................... 29 Fracture, discontinuity and uncertainty.................................................................................... 39 Privileging the past ................................................................................................................. 44 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 46 Chapter 2. Foucault?...too complex…don’t use him! .............................................................. 47 Interlude: Gnothi seauton ....................................................................................................... 48 Interlude: Foucault?...too complex…don’t use him! .................................................................. 50 Interlude: Power is everywhere ............................................................................................... 51 Interlude: Discipline and Punish............................................................................................... 53 Power .................................................................................................................................... 56 Power as repressive or productive? ......................................................................................... 56 Interlude: Disciplinary power in modern Irish society................................................................ 58 Interlude: Las Meninas............................................................................................................ 58 Power and knowledge ............................................................................................................ 62 Power, knowledge and truth ................................................................................................... 63 Interlude: Early years student.................................................................................................. 65 viii School and schooling .............................................................................................................. 66 European influence................................................................................................................. 67 Interlude: Duped by Rousseau!................................................................................................ 70 Power shaping genealogy........................................................................................................ 71 Freedom and power ............................................................................................................... 75 Interlude: Freedom and power ................................................................................................ 78 Emergence of early childhood education ................................................................................. 79 The Great Famine ..................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (2014) Dlùth Is Inneach: Linguistic and Institutional Foundations for Gaelic Corpus Planning
    Bell, S., McConville, M., McLeod, W., and O Maolalaigh, R. (2014) Dlùth is Inneach: Linguistic and Institutional Foundations for Gaelic Corpus Planning. Project Report. Copyright © 2014 The Authors and Bord na Gaidhlig A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge The content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/98132/ Deposited on: 14 October 2014 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Dlùth is Inneach – Final Project Report Linguistic and Institutional Foundations for Gaelic Corpus Planning Prepared for Bòrd na Gàidhlig (Research Project no. CR12-03) By Soillse Researchers Susan Bell (Research Assistant, University of Glasgow) Dr Mark McConville (Co-investigator, University of Glasgow) Professor Wilson McLeod (Co-investigator, University of Edinburgh) Professor Roibeard Ó Maolalaigh (Principal Investigator, University of Glasgow) Expert Adviser: Professor Robert Dunbar, University of Edinburgh Co-ordinator: Iain Caimbeul, Sabhal Mòr Ostaig UHI 27 January 2014 Redacted version for publication GEÀRR-CHUNNTAS GNÌOMHACH Is e tha san aithisg seo toraidhean bho phròiseact bliadhna a rinn sgioba rannsachaidh Shoillse às leth Bhòrd na Gàidhlig (BnG). B’ e amas an rannsachaidh fuasgladh fhaighinn air a' cheist a leanas: Cò na prionnsapalan planadh corpais as fheàrr a fhreagras air neartachadh agus brosnachadh
    [Show full text]
  • Anne R Johnston Phd Thesis
    ;<>?3 ?3@@8393;@ 6; @53 6;;3> 530>623? 1/# *%%"&(%%- B6@5 ?=316/8 >343>3;13 @< @53 6?8/;2? <4 9A88! 1<88 /;2 @6>33 /OOG ># 7PJOSTPO / @JGSKS ?UDNKTTGF HPR TJG 2GIRGG PH =J2 CT TJG AOKVGRSKTY PH ?T# /OFRGWS &++& 4UMM NGTCFCTC HPR TJKS KTGN KS CVCKMCDMG KO >GSGCREJ.?T/OFRGWS,4UMM@GXT CT, JTTQ,$$RGSGCREJ"RGQPSKTPRY#ST"COFRGWS#CE#UL$ =MGCSG USG TJKS KFGOTKHKGR TP EKTG PR MKOL TP TJKS KTGN, JTTQ,$$JFM#JCOFMG#OGT$&%%'($'+)% @JKS KTGN KS QRPTGETGF DY PRKIKOCM EPQYRKIJT Norse settlement in the Inner Hebrides ca 800-1300 with special reference to the islands of Mull, Coll and Tiree A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Anne R Johnston Department of Mediaeval History University of St Andrews November 1990 IVDR E A" ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS None of this work would have been possible without the award of a studentship from the University of &Andrews. I am also grateful to the British Council for granting me a scholarship which enabled me to study at the Institute of History, University of Oslo and to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for financing an additional 3 months fieldwork in the Sunnmore Islands. My sincere thanks also go to Prof Ragni Piene who employed me on a part time basis thereby allowing me to spend an additional year in Oslo when I was without funding. In Norway I would like to thank Dr P S Anderson who acted as my supervisor. Thanks are likewise due to Dr H Kongsrud of the Norwegian State Archives and to Dr T Scmidt of the Place Name Institute, both of whom were generous with their time.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaelic Barbarity and Scottish Identity in the Later Middle Ages
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten MacGregor, Martin (2009) Gaelic barbarity and Scottish identity in the later Middle Ages. In: Broun, Dauvit and MacGregor, Martin(eds.) Mìorun mòr nan Gall, 'The great ill-will of the Lowlander'? Lowland perceptions of the Highlands, medieval and modern. Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, pp. 7-48. ISBN 978085261820X Copyright © 2009 University of Glasgow A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) When referring to this work, full bibliographic details must be given http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/91508/ Deposited on: 24 February 2014 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk 1 Gaelic Barbarity and Scottish Identity in the Later Middle Ages MARTIN MACGREGOR One point of reasonably clear consensus among Scottish historians during the twentieth century was that a ‘Highland/Lowland divide’ came into being in the second half of the fourteenth century. The terminus post quem and lynchpin of their evidence was the following passage from the beginning of Book II chapter 9 in John of Fordun’s Chronica Gentis Scotorum, which they dated variously from the 1360s to the 1390s:1 The character of the Scots however varies according to the difference in language. For they have two languages, namely the Scottish language (lingua Scotica) and the Teutonic language (lingua Theutonica).
    [Show full text]
  • The Wild Irish
    Hybernos Sylvestres: Ireland and the Irish in Polydore Vergil’s Anglica historia (1534) and Paolo Giovio’s Descriptio Britanniaiae, Scotiae, Hyberniae et Orchadum (1548) Ireland had been of little interest to foreign writers since the publication of Giraldus Cambrensis’ The History and Topography of Ireland in the twelfth century. However, the first modern descriptions of Ireland were produced in the sixteenth century by two Italian historians. Polydore Vergil’s Anglica historia (1534) and Paolo Giovio’s Descriptio Britanniaiae, Scotiae, Hyberniae et Orchadum (1548) include original descriptions of Ireland and the Irish. Both representations exemplify many of the characteristics of Renaissance cosmography and ethnography. Thus, the texts are punctuated with references to specific classical antecedents, while classical cosmographical and ethnographical concepts and parameters are utilised to describe the island of Ireland and its inhabitants. However, Vergil and Giovio present two distinct descriptions of Ireland which are notable for their differences rather than their similarities. Moreover, the representations of the Irish people presented by each writer are diametrically opposed: Vergil’s description is from a colonial perspective and negative while Giovio’s is positive; a rare example of a non-colonial ethnographical account of Irish identity.1 This article will examine the representation of Irish identity in the Anglica historia and the Descriptio Britanniaiae, Scotiae, Hyberniae et Orchadum respectively.2 Firstly, it will briefly contextualise both texts and their authors. Next, it will examine how the classical ethnographic model was utilised in a sixteenth century context, to present conflicting and contrasting representations of the Irish people. Finally, it will analyse Vergil’s use of the classical antithesis between civilised and barbarous languages in the representation of Irish identity presented in the Anglica historia.
    [Show full text]
  • Act II, Signature Xvii - (1)
    We can also trace that peculiar social movement which led some factories, ships, restaurants, and households to clean up their backstages to such an extent that, like monks, Communists, or German aldermen, their guards are always up and there is no place where their front is down, while at the same time members of the audience become sufficiently entranced with the society's id to explore the places that had been cleaned up for them [Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self (New York: Anchor Press, 1959), p. 247]. II — xvii — What Was That Good For? Coalition forces pour into Ossian. In Las Vegas, Roveretto Messimo ponders taking on a new client to pay his bills. A U.S. detachment breaks into the Impersonal Terrace while Fuald, deported back to Ossian, plots revenge by organizing the looting of the Hermitage. Charles, drugged by Ferguson’s alien soporifics, agrees to print an article exposing the eco– terrorist aims of the Founder’s League. In the 13th century, the fanatical inquisitor Conrad prepares to declare anathema against Fr. Anselm. ~ page 215 ~ This is the cover art for the single "War" by the artist Edwin Starr. The cover art copyright is believed to belong to the label, Gordy, or the graphic artist.* "War" Act II, Signature xvii - (1) *[Image & caption credit and following text courtesy of Wikipedia]: "War" is a soul song written by Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong for the Motown label in 1969. Whitfield first produced the song — a blatant anti-Vietnam War protest — with The Temptations as the original vocalists. After Motown began receiving repeated requests to release "War" as a single, Whitfield re-recorded the song with Edwin Starr as the vocalist, deciding to withhold the Temptations ' version so as not to alienate their more conservative fans.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaels, Galls and Overlapping Territories in Late Medieval Ireland
    Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Cultural geographies of the contact zone: Gaels, Galls and overlapping territories in late medieval Ireland Author(s) Morrissey, John Publication Date 2005 Publication Morrissey J. (2005) 'Cultural geographies of the contact zone: Information Gaels, Galls and overlapping territories in late medieval Ireland', Social and Cultural Geography, 6(4): 551-566 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/834 Downloaded 2021-09-27T03:27:19Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. John Morrissey 1 Cultural geographies of the contact zone: Gaels, Galls and overlapping territories in late medieval Ireland John Morrissey Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. Tel.: 353 91 492267. Fax: 353 91 495505. E-mail: [email protected] In writing about the social and cultural geographies of the past, we frequently reinforce notions of difference by using neatly delineated ethnic terms of reference that often superscribe the complexities of reality on the ground. Referring to ‘Gaels’ and ‘Galls’, demarcating ‘native’ and ‘foreign’ worlds in late medieval Ireland, is but one example. We often exaggerate, too, the boundedness of geographical space by speaking more of frontiers and less of overlapping territories. Using the context of late medieval Ireland, I propose in this paper the application and broadening of the concept of the contact zone – prevalent in postcolonial studies for a number of years – to address this specific issue of overstating social and cultural geographical cohesion and separation in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Glocalization Or Resistance? Interrogating the Title Production of Youtube Videos at an Irish Summer College Through Practice-Based Research
    Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Cultural glocalization or resistance? Interrogating the Title production of YouTube videos at an Irish summer college through practice-based research Author(s) Mac Dubhghaill, Uinsionn Publication Date 2017-03 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6912 Downloaded 2021-09-28T20:59:24Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Cultural glocalization or resistance? Interrogating the production of YouTube videos at an Irish summer college through practice-based research Uinsionn Mac Dubhghaill B.A., H.Dip. in Ed., M.A. This thesis is submitted for the degree of PhD Huston School of Film & Digital Media National University of Ireland, Galway March 2017 Supervisors Prof. Rod Stoneman & Dr. Seán Crosson In Memoriam Vincent Mac Dowell (1925–2003) ‘When I was a child, my father would recount how the power, wealth and status of the high priests in ancient Egypt derived from their ability to predict the annual Nile floods, essential to the country’s agricultural economy. The priests derived this knowledge from astronomical observations and a system for monitoring river levels, but hid it in arcane language and religious symbolism in order to maintain their power, and pass it on to their children. He told us this story in order to teach us to question the language the elites use in order to preserve their own privileges.’ This thesis document, pp. 95-96 i DECLARATION This thesis is submitted in two parts. The first part is a body of creative practice in film, and the second part is this written exegesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Names Introduction Overall View of Cultural Influences
    Irish Names by Mari ingen Briain meic Donnchada 2003-2012 Kathleen M. O’Brien Introduction In Ireland during our period, there were several distinct cultures which each had their own naming practices. Which name elements were used and how a name was formed varied by culture and time period. The cultures seen in Ireland at different times include Gaels, Norse, and Anglo-Normans. Further complicating the issue is the fact that documents written in Ireland during our time period were written in Latin, Gaelic, English, and possibly Norse. So, a person of Anglo-Norman descent could have easily been referenced in a Latin document, an English document, and a Gaelic document. And the form of their name would have been different in each language. An example of such forms can be found in references to Strongbow: Language Annals Entry Name Gaelic B M1170.11 Ricard mac Gillebert .i. Iarla ó Strangbouu Latin AH 1169 Ricardus filius fuit Gilberti Comitis Strongulensis Culture, time period, and document language are all factors that need to be considered when creating an authentic name or determining if an already-constructed name is authentic. Overall View of Cultural Influences 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Written Language used by Gaels: Oghamic Irish Old Irish Gaelic Middle Irish Gaelic Early Modern Irish Gaelic c. 500 – c. 700 c. 700 – c. 900 c. 900 – c. 1200 c. 1200 – c. 1700 Cultures in Ireland and their Gaels as a cohesive culture in Ireland influence on Gaelic naming practices: Norse/Danish settlers living as a cohesive culture in Ireland Norse/Danish names adopted into the Gaelic naming pool Anglo-Norman / English settlers living as a cohesive culture in Ireland Anglo-Norman names adopted into the Gaelic naming pool the Catholic religion p.
    [Show full text]
  • Fierce, Barbarous, Unbiddable Perceptions of Norse-Gael Identity in Orkney-Caithness C.1000-1400
    Fierce, Barbarous, Unbiddable Perceptions of Norse-Gael Identity in Orkney-Caithness c.1000-1400 Dylan Pierre Colin Howarth Master’s Thesis in Nordic Viking and Medieval Culture Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Spring 2017 Fierce, Barbarous, Unbiddable Perceptions of Norse-Gael Identity in Orkney-Caithness c.1000-1400 Dylan Pierre Colin Howarth Master’s Thesis in Nordic Viking and Medieval Culture Supervisor: Professor Jan Erik Rekdal, Universitetet i Oslo Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies UNIVERSITETET I OSLO Spring 2017 © Dylan Pierre Colin Howarth 2017 Fierce, Barbarous, Unbiddable: Perceptions of Norse-Gael Identity in Orkney-Caithness, c.1000-1400 Dylan Pierre Colin Howarth http://www.duo.uio.no/ Printer: Reprosentralen, Universitetet i Oslo 2 Table of Contents Summary………………………………………………………………………………………4 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………5 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………6 Chapter I: Pirates, Criminals, and Rebels 1.1 – An Earldom Born of and Plagued by Piracy?.....................................................13 1.2 – Sveinn Ásleifarson: The Archetypal Orcadian Viking?.......................................19 1.3 – Rögnvaldr Kali Kolsson: Viking Warrior and High-Medieval Nobleman……..24 1.4 – A Haven for Thugs and Outlaws………………………………………………..29 1.5 – Insubordination and Rebellion…………………………………………………35 Chapter II: Heathens, Saints, and Sinners 2.1 – The Pagan Past…………………………………………………………………45 2.2 – Magnús Erlendsson and Hákon Pálsson……………………………………….53 2.3 –
    [Show full text]
  • Access by Ethnic Groups to the English Royal Courts in Ireland, 1252-1318
    Justice for all? Access by ethnic groups to the English royal courts in Ireland, 1252-1318 S. G. Hewer A thesis submitted for the degree of PhD University of Dublin 2018 I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright Legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. _____________________________ Stephen G. Hewer i S. G. Hewer Justice for all? Access by ethnic groups to the English royal courts in Ireland, 1252-1318 Summary The notion that all Gaelic people were immediately and ipso facto denied access to the royal courts in Ireland, upon the advent of the English in c.1169, has become so established in the national consciousness of Ireland that it is no longer questioned. This thesis questions this narrative of absolute ethnic discrimination in thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century English Ireland on the basis of a thorough re-examination of the Irish plea rolls. These records exist primarily in the form of nineteenth-century transcripts, the originals having been destroyed in the explosion in 1922. A forensic study of these records reveals a great deal of variation in how members of various ethnic groups who came before the royal courts in Ireland were treated. Specifically, the thesis demonstrates the existence of a large, and hitherto scarcely noticed, population of Gaels with regular and unimpeded access to English law, identifiable as Gaelic either through explicit ethnic labelling in the records or implicitly through their naming practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Filid, Fairies and Faith
    FILID, FAIRIES AND FAITH THE EFFECTS OF GAELIC CULTURE, RELIGIOUS CONFLICT AND THE DYNAMICS OF DUAL CONFESSIONALISATION ON THE SUPPRESSION OF WITCHCRAFT ACCUSATIONS AND WITCH-HUNTS IN EARLY MODERN IRELAND 1533-1670 A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History by William E. Kramer May 2010 © 2010 William E. Kramer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: FILID, FAIRIES AND FAITH THE EFFECTS OF GAELIC CULTURE, RELIGIOUS CONFLICT AND THE DYNAMICS OF DUAL CONFESSIONALISATION ON THE SUPPRESSION OF WITCHCRAFT ACCUSATIONS AND WITCH-HUNTS IN EARLY MODERN IRELAND, 1533 - 1670 AUTHOR: William E. Kramer DATE SUBMITTED: May 2010 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Tom Trice, PhD., Master’s Program Coordinator COMMITTEE MEMBER: Paul Hiltpold, PhD., Professor COMMITTEE MEMBER: Daniel Krieger, PhD., Professor Emeritus iii ABSTRACT FILID, FAIRIES AND FAITH THE EFFECTS OF GAELIC CULTURE, RELIGIOUS CONFLICT AND THE DYNAMICS OF DUAL CONFESSIONALISATION ON THE SUPPRESSION OF WITCHCRAFT ACCUSATIONS AND WITCH-HUNTS IN EARLY MODERN IRELAND 1533 - 1670 William E. Kramer The European Witch-Hunts reached their peak in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Betweeen 1590 and 1661, approximately 1500 women and men were accused of, and executed for, the crime of witchcraft in Scotland. England suffered the largest witch-hunt in its history during the Civil Wars of the 1640s, which produced the majority of the 500 women and men executed in England for witchcraft. Evidence indicates, however, that only three women were executed in Ireland between 1533 and 1670. Given the presence of both English and Scottish settlers in Ireland during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the dramatic discrepancy of these statistics indicate that conditions existed in early modern Ireland that tended to suppress the mechanisms that produced witchcraft accusations and larger scale witch-hunts.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaching the Pictish Language: Historiography, Early Evidence and the Question of Pritenic
    Rhys, Guto (2015) Approaching the Pictish language: historiography, early evidence and the question of Pritenic. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6285/ . Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Approaching the Pictish Language: Historiography, Early Evidence and the Question of Pritenic Guto Rhys BA, MLitt. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow April, 2015 © Guto Rhys, 2015 2 Abstract The question of ‘the Pictish language’ has been discussed for over four hundred years, and for well over two centuries it has been the subject of ceaseless and often heated debate. The main disagreement focusing on its linguistic categorisation – whether it was Celtic, Germanic (using modern terminology) or whether it belonged to some more exotic language group such as Basque. If it was Celtic then was it Brittonic or Goidelic? The answer to such questions was of some importance in ascertaining to whom the Scottish past belonged.
    [Show full text]