STRATEGY # 1 Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

Organized protest did not become a main tool of the movement the , but some suffragists were performing acts of civil disobedience well before Paul or Burns entered the picture . In 1872, Susan B. Anthony , pictured circa 1850, was arrested in Rochester , N.Y., for voting. She channeled her indignation into a speech the following year : It is downright mockery to talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic republican government .”

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The New Times LearningNetwork STRATEGY # 1 Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History" by Jennifer Harlan, The NewYork Times

In 1913, the day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration , thousands of suffragists descended on Washington for the Woman Suffrage Procession , organized by Paul and Burns for NAWSA . Inez Milholland , a -year -old suffragist, led the parade on horseback . Three years later, she would collapse while giving a speech in Los Angeles and die shortly thereafter . Her last public words were reportedly, “ Mr. President , how long must women wait for liberty ?"

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The New York Times LearningNetwork STRATEGY # 1 Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History" by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

Bowing to pressure from segregationist factions in the South , white leaders told Black suffragists including Ida B. Wells -Barnett , pictured with her daughters in 1914 , that they had to walk at the back of the parade . Wells -Barnett refused and marched with the rest of the Illinois delegation .

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The New Times LearningNetwork STRATEGY # 1 Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History" by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

NUMBER Suffrage SYMBOL 165 -WW - 600 A AU

HARRIS & EWING , WASHINGTON . - PHOTOGRAPHERWW 600

REC'D TAKEN

PRESIDENTWILSONISDECEIVING WORLD WHENHE APPEARSAS THEPROPHETOFDEMOCRACY DESCRIPTION PRESIDENTWILSONHASOPPOSEDTHOSEWHO DEMAND FOR COUNTRY FOR THE DISFRANCHISEMENT OFAMERICANS W AMERICA THIS THEWORLDWILLFINDHIMOUT

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Suffragettos bonfire and posters at the White House , Washington , D.

NOTES

In January 1917, members of the N.W.P. called themselves the Silent Sentinels began picketing outside the White House. It was the first demonstration of its kind. They would remain there for over two years : Their goal, The Washington Post reported in 1917, was to make it impossible for the President to enter or leave the White House without encountering a sentinel bearing some device pleading the suffrage cause .

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The New York Times LearningNetwork STRATEGY # 1 Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History " by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

I arrivedat on the evening , afterwait ingabout an hour in the the Work House,The Supt. arrivedwith about thir guards, suddenlyseizedall of our partyand draggedus out of the room into the darkness tw road distas and us into a dark dir dungeon I in was , on the floor all along the side Dirtyhorao dirty and . I was so cold my teethchatttedallnight. ranup and down the corridor soreamingto the guards to ingthe an d gags , t hreatening to put them on Miss Julia who was in the with me. Then opened the door of the dungeon Burns wa in pulled her thru the and them . The next morning I was taken to offioa Ho med me he had a Whipping Post at and that he used on the . then sent mo to the hospital where I remained days The first th the days I was food on and filthy milk and something in tast ke carbolic Minnie

and in my presence this

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The Silent Sentinels were arrested multiple times and frequently mistreatedby law enforcement. Inone particularly brutalincident in November 1917, 33 of them ( including Burns) were taken to the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia, where they were violently abused . The Sentinel Minnie Quay described herexperience inan affidavit about the episode, which became knownas the Night of Terror.

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The New Times LearningNetwork STRATEGY # 1 Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History " by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

The N.W.P. issued pins in the shape of a prison door to protesters who had been jailed ; the women wore these “ Jailed for Freedom ” pins as a badge of honor. Survivors of the Night of Terror capitalized on the public's horror at their treatment to sway more supporters to their cause . In 1919, a group ofthem went on a 16 -city tour - the Prison Special” – wearing their jailhouse garb and sharing their stories . They called the train they traveled on the Democracy Limited .

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