inTIME/Iron Jawed Angels C M Y K TIME Imaging LEAD, FOLLOW OR GET OUT OF THE WAY. Defiant, brilliant and unstoppable, the “Iron Jawed Angels” were a group of activists who fought for—and ultimately won—the right to vote for women in America. Their courage inspired a nation and changed it forever. Now their story is being told in a powerful new film. SUNDAY, FEB. 15, 9:30PM/8:30C ON inTIME/Iron Jawed Angels 2 There will never “be a new world order until women are a part of it. —ALICE PAUL ” C M Y LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 4 K TIME Imaging 3 CORBIS most picturesque figure in the parade. Leaders of the women suffragists were much in- FIGHTING FOR censed because the police did not make sufficient DEMOCRACY: provision for holding in 5 The “silent sentinels” restraint the great throng outside the White which hemmed in the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS paraders. At a meeting held House in 1917 quoted at Memorial Continental President Woodrow Hall the police of the Dis- Wilson, who had vowed trict were denounced. A resolution was adopted that America would calling for a Congressional fight for democracy in investigation and asking Mr. Wilson to look into Europe. The suffragists what the suffragists called urged Wilson to extend “a disgraceful affair.” … democracy at home The procession, it was charged, had not gone a by supporting voting block before it had to halt. rights for women. Insults and jibes were shout- ed at women marchers, and for more than an hour con- fusion reigned. The police, the women say, did practi- cally nothing, and finally sol- diers and marines formed a voluntary escort to clear BRYN MAWR COLLEGE LIBRARY the way. Mrs. Genevieve Stone, POLITICAL PRISONERS: wife of Representative Stone The women who picketed the White of Illinois, said that a police- House in 1917 argued they had been man had insulted her. This policeman, she said, shout- arrested not for any criminal acts, ed: “If my wife were where but because of their political beliefs. you are I’d break her head.” BETTMANN/CORBIS d t s 1830s New York, 1842 Rhode Island 1848 The first women’s 1866 Elizabeth Cady A E Connecticut and Pennsyl- excludes Catholics and rights convention is held Stanton presents a petition vania enact new state urban males from voting. in Seneca Falls, New York, to Congress demanding 1791–1856 The 13 origi- constitutions that make it in July. the vote for women. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS nal and new states eliminate difficult or impossible for LIBRARY OF CONGRESS property ownership as a free African-American men 1861 Kansas enters voting requirement. to vote. the Union; the new state grants women 1820 Susan B. Anthony 1837 Kentucky grants the right to vote is born on February 15 in some women suffrage in in local school Adams, Massachusetts. school elections. elections. 1848 1866 #3 inTIME/Iron Jawed Angels ALICE PAUL 1885–1977 A brilliant organizer and activist, Alice Paul believed that women would never be given the vote; they had to demand it. Born to a Quaker family After two weeks of solitary TIME Imaging in New Jersey, she graduated from Swarthmore College and earned a K “ social-work degree in New York. In 1907, she traveled to England, where she confinement…we decided upon Y worked closely with the militant British suffragists Emmeline, Christobel and M Sylvia Pankhurst. Arrested several times the hunger strike, as the ultimate C in London, Paul went on hunger strikes, was force-fed and learned the value of form of protest left us. —ALICE PAUL nonviolent civil disobedience to garner ” publicity for her cause. Back in the U.S., suffrage pioneers Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. A key she joined the National American Woman organizer for the National Woman’s Party, Burns was educated at Vassar Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1910 and Yale. After teaching English at Erasmus High School, she went to Eng- and was allowed to run their campaign in land to study at Oxford but soon abandoned a promising academic career Washington, D.C. As of 1916, 4 million in linguistics in favor of political activism. Involved with the Pankhursts and women in 12 states had the right to vote; militant British suffragists, Burns was a paid organizer in Edinburgh NEW JERSEY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Paul wanted these women to “hold the from 1910 to 1912. In 1913 she worked closely with Alice Paul to organize party in power responsible” by voting the Woman Suffrage March in Washington, D.C., on the day before against Democrat Woodrow Wilson in Woodrow Wilson’s inauguration. BETTMANN/CORBIS the election of 1916. This strategy brought From 1915 to 1916 she edited The Paul into intense conflict with NAWSA Suffragist, a newspaper devoted President Carrie Chapman Catt, who to women’s voting issues; in 1917, supported Wilson. In 1916, Paul founded along with Paul and numerous the National Woman’s Party, a radical other suffragists, she was sentenced new suffrage group devoted to winning a universal to the Occoquan Workhouse for suffrage amendment to the Constitution instead of picketing the White House. Burns working state by state. With the U.S. on the verge of embarked on a 19-day hunger entering World War I in 1917, Paul set up a picket line at the White House— strike in November 1917; like Paul, the first in U.S. history—with signs that said 20 Million American Women she was force-fed. In all, Burns Are Not Self-Governed. Arrested on the trumped-up charge of was arrested six times and spent “obstructing traffic,” Paul was sent to the Occoquan Workhouse, where she more time in jail than any other demanded to be treated as a political prisoner arrested for her beliefs, not American suffragist. for committing a crime. When news of Paul’s brutal force-feeding during a 22-day hunger strike reached the public, the White PICTURE HISTORY INEZ MILHOLLAND 1886–1916 House bowed to public pressure, and she was A native of Brooklyn, New York, Inez Milholland was sus- released. Instrumental in bringing about ratification pended from Vassar College after organizing a women’s of the 19th Amendment in 1920, Paul later went to law suffrage meeting in a cemetery to protest the college’s school and wrote the first version of the Equal Rights refusal to allow suffrage speakers on campus. By the time Amendment, presented to Congress in 1923. She she graduated, Milholland had persuaded more than two- lobbied for women’s rights until her death in 1977. thirds of her fellow students to support suffrage. She went on to get a law degree at New York University after being LUCY BURNS 1879–1966 denied entrance on the basis of her gender by Harvard Alice Paul called her good friend Lucy Burns “a and Columbia. On March 3, 1913—the day before Woodrow thousand times more valiant than I.” The two were Wilson’s inauguration—Milholland, draped in flowing white considered the next-generation incarnation of robes and riding on a white horse, led a parade of an LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 1868 Elizabeth Cady 1869 Wyoming territory 1872 Susan B. Stanton and Susan B. grants suffrage to women. Anthony is arrested Anthony launch the for trying to vote in feminist newspaper The 1869 Elizabeth Cady Rochester, NY. Revolution. Stanton and Susan B. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Anthony form the National 1874 In Minor v. Woman Happersett, the Suffrage U.S. Supreme Court Association affirms that states (NWSA), whose have the jurisdic- mission is to ASSOCIATED PRESS tion to decide secure voting 1870 Utah territory grants whether women are rights for women. full suffrage to women. allowed to vote. #4 1869 inTIME/Iron Jawed Angels estimated 5,000 suffragists carrying a banner that read Forward Out of Darkness, Forward Into Light, later the motto of the and authored one of the first accounts of a C National Woman’s Party. This image became emblematic of the lynching, publicizing the issue and running M fight for women’s rights in America. The marchers were attacked anti-lynching campaigns throughout the Y verbally and physically but refused to give up. Milholland 1890s. In 1913 she founded the first black K became one of the leaders of the suffrage movement, speaking women’s suffrage group, the Alpha Suffrage TIME Imaging across the country despite doctors’ warnings to stop in light of her Club of Chicago. That same year, she chal- pernicious anemia. In 1916 she collapsed in the middle of a speech lenged NAWSA’s leaders—who had failed in Los Angeles and died 10 weeks later at age 30. Some 10,000 to take a stand against racial segregation—by people attended her memorial service, the first ever held for a marching with the Illinois delegation, rather woman in the nation’s capital. Milholland’s last public words than at the back, of the Washington, D.C., were, “Mr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?” suffrage parade. Her autobiography, Cru- sade for Justice, was published in 1928. CARRIE CHAPMAN CATT 1859–1947 Born in Wisconsin, Carrie Chapman Catt worked tirelessly on be- SUSAN B. ANTHONY half of suffrage for women. She became a high school principal in Iowa in 1881 and was appointed one of the 1820–1906 first female superintendents in the country Referred to as “the Napoleon of the Women’s in 1883. When she married engineer Failure is impossible Rights Movement” and the “Moses of her George W. Catt in 1890, the couple had an sex,” Susan B. Anthony was a pioneer in the “ —SUSAN B.