DOCSLIB.ORG

Members of Grace Road Church Have Seen, Heard, Abelieved, Understood and Acted According to the Bible

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Members of Grace Road Church Have Seen, Heard, Abelieved, Understood and Acted According to the Bible 1st Edition 22 Apr 2019 1st Issue 22 Apr 2019 Author Grace Road Church Published by Grace Road Church Publishing Grace Road Mission Address 115, Chusa-ro, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Tel Korea (+82)2-503-9101 ISBN 979-11-950188-6-4 Contact Address Lot 11, Wainidova Road, Navua, Fiji Tel Fiji (+679)930-5687 E-mail [email protected] Website www.gr-church.org YouTube www.youtube.com/GodsWorld Copyright© 2019 by Grace Road Church All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Contents PREFACE 04 I Defend the Case of the Widow Indeed 08 II Defend the Members of Grace Road Church 58 Annex I Study on Reverend Esther of Grace Road Church 86 [SOURCE] https://blog.naver.com/queenpia/221118498294 WRITER | Queenpia Annex II Perspective on the Threshing Floor at Grace Road Church 95 [SOURCE] https://blog.naver.com/queenpia/221353050781 WRITER | Queenpia Letters to Reverend Esther 108 PREFACE Grace Road Church's Reverend Esther Shin has been interpreting the Scripture with the Scripture. She was the only one to state that the mysteries of the kingdom of God can only be revealed by interpreting the entire Bible from Genesis to Revelation as one whole. She has been revealing the Truth, which had been hidden from before time began, from the year 2008. Reverend Esther has been shedding light on the lies that differ from the Bible, which have been rampant even 2000 years after Jesus Christ died on the cross, resurrected and ascended to heaven. She is the one who has taken action to carry out the perfect biblical reformation (Hebrews 9:10). Reverend Esther Shin has clearly revealed the will of God that the 21st century is the Universal Seventh Day, the Day of the Son of Man and the Day of Judgment recorded in the Bible; therefore, all believers in the present generation must purify their souls, prepare the way for Jesus Christ’s Second Coming and prepare for the coming great famine. Members of Grace Road Church have come to realise God's will through Reverend Esther Shin; they have volunteered to migrate to the beautiful land of Fiji and they have been preparing for the coming great famine. Unlike the babblers who merely say that they believe in God and in Jesus Christ, all of the Grace Road Church members are resolved to live as true Christians who see, hear, believe and truly act in accordance with the Bible. 4 This book is dedicated to Reverend Esther Shin and to the members of Grace Road Church who have been slandered and accused of heresy by those who turn a blind eye to the Truth and who pull strings to falsely condemn innocent churches of heresy. Apostle Paul had plainly testifi ed to the Truth by explaining that Jesus was the Christ. However, he was charged as a ringleader of the Nazarene Sect by the Jews, the scribes and the Pharisees at that time (who are the Christians of today), and was killed by them in the end. Likewise, the prophets in the Old Testament and the apostles in the New Testament had all been persecuted for defending the Truth. However, the Christians of today say that they believe in Jesus Christ by mouth, yet one cannot fi nd the type of suff ering that Jesus went through back then, in which he was being persecuted by the Jews to the point of death on the cross. All they wish for is to be blessed, to be successful, and to attain physical happiness in Jesus' name. A true Christian must endure hardships that come with following the Truth. Reverend Esther Shin and a few of the members of Grace Road Church were detained on 24 July 2018 for truly believing and acting in accordance with only the words written in the Bible. This book is thus armed with the word of God to defend and plead the innocence of Reverend Esther Shin, who is the true servant of God, and the members of Grace Road Church. 5 We urge all true Christians who read these words to call for the acquittal of Reverend Esther, the true servant of the Lord and the defender of the Truth, and for active participation and support, so that the eternal gospel proclaimed through Reverend Esther Shin can resound throughout the whole world. 14 April 2019 All Members of Grace Road Church 6 I Defend the Case of the Widow Indeed I. Defend the Case of the Widow Indeed e, the members of Grace Road Church, would like to Wsolemnly share the truth before God and men about Reverend Esther, the true servant of the Lord, who has been proclaiming the voice of the Spirit of Truth since May 2008. Reverend Esther, who was arrested without warrant on 24 July 2018 in Incheon International Airport, and we at Grace Road Church have seen, heard, believed and acted according to the Bible. We have only carried out the word of God without sinning, yet the world’s court is trying to charge her with the following: Breach of Laws on Punishment of Violent Acts (Group Injury), Special Violence, Violence, Aggravated Confinement, Fraud, Commercial Violation, Child Welfare Law Violation (Child Abandonment, Neglect) Solicitation, Child Welfare Law (Child Abuse) All of us at Grace Road Church could not hold back our astonishment with the prosecution’s charges. We were left speechless by the fact that these people—who at one point we thought were family and ate at the same table, who laughed with us, who said for us to accomplish the word of God through 8 our sweat, who said that we can now live without sinning while living as a family—secretively left the church and are now reviling and accusing Reverend Esther with complete lies, even as far as suing her and putting her in prison. What is more astonishing is that all of these events were the fulfi llment of what God has written in the Bible. First, we would like to explain who Reverend Esther of Grace Road Church is and how she has been carrying out the ministry by proving from the word of God that though the plaintiff, the police, and the prosecutor's statements may seem right, they are actually completely wrong. Reverend Esther of Grace Road Church, who had been the wife of one man and is less than sixty years old, is thereby even physically in line with the words of 1 Timothy 5:3~5, 9~10 and 16. She is truly the older woman and the widow indeed written of in the Bible from before time began. 3 Give proper recognition to those widows who are really in need. 4 But if a widow has children or grandchildren, these should learn first of all to put their religion into practice by caring for their own family and so repaying their parents and grandparents, for this is pleasing to God. 5 Now she who is a widow indeed and who has been left alone, has fixed her hope on God and continues in entreaties and prayers night and day. 1 Timothy 5:3~5 9 No widow may be put on the list of widows unless she is over sixty, has been faithful to her husband, 10 and is well known for her good deeds, such as bringing up children, showing hospitality, I. Defend the Case of the Widow Indeed 9 washing the feet of the Lord’s people, helping those in trouble and devoting herself to all kinds of good deeds. 1 Timothy 5:9~10 16 If any woman who is a believer has dependent widows, she must assist them and the church must not be burdened, so that it may assist those who are widows indeed. 1 Timothy 5:16 Furthermore, she is the true servant of the Lord who spiritually eats and also feeds others the spiritual food at the proper time. 45 “Who then is the faithful and sensible slave whom his master put in charge of his household to give them their food at the proper time? Matthew 24:45 42 And the Lord said, “Who then is the faithful and sensible steward, whom his master will put in charge of his servants, to give them their rations at the proper time? Luke 12:42 In accordance with the Scripture, “You will know them by their fruits,” the fruits of Reverend Esther’s eleven years of ministry at Grace Road Church are the 600 church members (400 in Fiji and 200 in Korea). 20 So then, you will know them by their fruits. Matthew 7:20 1 So David departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam; and when his brothers and all his father’s household heard of it, they went down there to him. 1 Samuel 22:1 9 So David went, he and the six hundred men who were with him, and came to the brook Besor, where those left behind remained. 10 But David pursued, he and four hundred men, for two hundred who were too exhausted to cross the brook Besor remained behind. 1 Samuel 30:9~10 We, the 400 members who have been allured by the word of 10 God, have left behind our former portion of life and voluntarily immigrated to Fiji in order to not sin and fulfi ll the word of God on earth in accordance to the written word of God.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • HELP OTHERS DISCOVER the GRACE of GIVING a Guide to Stewardship Campaigns That Touch the Heart
    HELP OTHERS DISCOVER THE GRACE OF GIVING A guide to stewardship campaigns that touch the heart. WHAT'S INSIDE: HOW ARE WE GOING TO MAKE THIS PROJECT HAPPEN? ....................................................................................................................................0...3. THE 4 PHASES OF A STEWARDSHIP CAMPAIGN ..........................................................................................................................0...4....-..0....8. READINESS REVIEW ...................................................................................................................................0....4. LEADERSHIP PHASE ....................................................................................................................................0...5. PUBLIC PHASE ...................................................................................................................................0....6. FULFILLMENT PHASE ...................................................................................................................................0....7. SAMPLE STEWARDSHIP LETTERS .............................................................................................................................0....9...-..1..1 THE GENEROUS DONOR ....................................................................................................................................0....9 THE MID-LEVEL DONOR 10 .......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Grace Tully Collection - Open and Online
    Onnews and notes from Our the franklin d. roosevelt presidential Way library and museum with support from the Roosevelt Institute The Grace Tully Collection - Open and Online FDR PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY he FDR Presidential Library, over enactment in February 2010 of Public Law family; and a June 1933 handwritten letter Tthe course of eight months, acquired 111-138, sponsored in the Senate by Senator from Mussolini expressing his deep gratitude a significant collection of Roosevelt-era Charles Schumer (D-NY) and in the House and admiration to the President. Il Duce also papers, opened these materials to the public by Representative Louise Slaughter (D-NY). expresses his hope that he and FDR might for research and made the entire collection Sun Times is a successor to Hollinger Inter- meet one day to “discuss the outstanding available on the Library’s web site. national, whose CEO, Conrad Black, had world problems in which the United States purchased the Tully Collection and authored, and Italy are mutually interested.” The Tully Collection is an archive of original Franklin D. Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom. FDR-related papers and memorabilia that On November 15, 2010, the Grace Tully had been in the possession of the President’s Interesting documents in the collection Collection was officially opened to research- last personal secretary, Miss Grace Tully. include a 1936 FDR “chit” regarding the ers at the Roosevelt Library, and the entire This donation to the Roosevelt Library is promotion of George C. Marshall to Brigadier collection was digitized and made available the result of more than five years of negotia- General; a handwritten list by FDR indicat- online in March of 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • NSD News and Views for 2010-September
    Northern Asia-Pacific Division The Most Challenging Field & Newswww.nsdadventist.org ViewsSeptember/October 2010 Baptism in Mongolia after the MMF Campmeeting 2010 Sep / Oct 2010 • 1 - INSPIRATION - To the Ends of the Earth Jairyong Lee, President Northern Asia-Pacific Division Jesus mandated the gospel message There are still many ends of the earth that have not been be preached to the whole world prior reached by missionaries not only in Africa and other continents to the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. but also within our NSD territories. Many millions of people (Matt 24:14) We need to deliver the are perishing without hearing the gospel message in Japan, good news of eternal life in Christ to China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea the ends of the earth. “But you will and also in South Korea. In Steps to Christ we are told “if receive power when the Holy Spirit the followers of Christ were awake to duty, there would be comes on you; and you will be my thousands where there is one today proclaiming the gospel in witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all heathen lands.” (Steps to Christ, 81) Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth" (Acts 1:8). Some of these ends of the earth are also near to us. Many The question is: where is the end of the earth? How far is the people in our cities, towns and villages have not been reached end of the earth? What can and should we do to reach the ends yet by missionaries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 GSOC Highest Awards Girl Scout Yearbook
    Melanoma Recognizing Orange County 2018 Highest Awards Girl Scouts: Bronze Award Girl Scouts, Silver Award Girl Scouts, and Gold Award Girl Scouts Earned between October 2017 - September 2018 1 The Girl Scout Gold Award The Girl Scout Gold Award is the highest and most prestigious award in the world for girls. Open to Girl Scouts in high school, this pinnacle of achievement recognizes girls who demonstrate extraordinary leadership by tackling an issue they are passionate about – Gold Award Girl Scouts are community problem solvers who team up with others to create meaningful change through sustainable and measurable “Take Action” projects they design to make the world a better place. Since 1916, Girl Scouts have been making meaningful, sustainable changes in their communities and around the world by earning the Highest Award in Girl Scouting. Originally called the Golden Eagle of Merit and later, the Golden Eaglet, Curved Bar, First Class, and now the Girl Scout Gold Award, this esteemed accolade is a symbol of excellence, leadership, and ingenuity, and a testament to what a girl can achieve. Girl Scouts who earn the Gold Award distinguish themselves in the college admissions process, earn scholarships from a growing number of colleges and universities across the country, and immediately rise one rank in any branch of the U.S. military. Many have practiced the leaderships skills they need to “go gold” by earning the Girl Scout Silver Award, the highest award for Girl Scout Cadettes in grade 6-8, and the Girl Scout Bronze Award, the highest award for Girl Scout Juniors in grades 4-5.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 December Grace Gatherings
    Grace GatheringsDecember 2020 volume XIX•volume number 12XIX issue 12 GraceGatherings Whoever you are, Whatever your past, However you live, Whomever Our MISSION is Our VISION is you love – You are welcome here. “to follow Christ into our “to be a Christ-centered community and world Community who manifesting with caring welcomes all, grows in hearts and helping hands faith, and reaches out the good news of the In love.” Kingdom of God.” We believe that God loves us with- out regard for our race or culture, national origin, age, sexual orienta- tion, gender identity, gender expres- sion, relationship status, physical or mental health, life circumstance or socio-economic situation. Therefore, we extend that same grace-filled love to you. The work of welcome is hard; the A Drive-by Youth Nativity Event way of love is always a work in pro- Saturday evening, December 19, 5-8 pm cess. But we’re committed to the biblical call of reconciliation and to 2020 Everything is different including the Nativity program. Instead of a change what we need to, both per- youth nativity pageant during a Worship service, the Christian Education sonally and as a community, so team will work with youth and families to create an outside drive-by Na- that we – all of us together – be- tivity experience with the story proclaimed in music, signs, lights, and a come a living sign of God’s extrava- living creche scene with youth playing the character parts and a few real animals. Visitors will enter through the alley on Tyler Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Girls Breaking Bad Rules Episode 41: Tenderness and Truth — Wrapping the Gospel in the Warmth of Relationship
    GritnGraceGirls.com Grit 'n' Grace: Good Girls Breaking Bad Rules Episode 41: Tenderness and Truth — Wrapping the Gospel in the Warmth of Relationship Cheri Being a control freak is totally exhausting. Amy You can say that again! Cheri Being a control freak is … okay. But here's the thing about being a control freak—it sneaks up on me SO quickly. I start each day trying to meddle less, but by evening, when I look back, I see all the ways I've been at it again! Amy Well, you would probably sympathize with the reader who sent us this: "I am want to learn a deeper trust that God is in control. I want to let go and allow God to take control because I know in my head His outcomes will far exceed anything I can ask or imagine." Cheri Well, this is Cheri Gregory… Amy …and I’m Amy Carroll… Cheri …and you're listening to "Grit 'n' Grace: Good Girls Breaking Bad Rules." Amy Today, we're sharing what we learned from our conversation with Cindy Bultema, author of Live Full, Walk Free: Set Apart in a Sin-Soaked World. Cheri If you struggle with trusting GOD to be in control in your life—and especially your relationships—we get it … and we've got some ideas for you to try today. Well, let’s talk about our amazing conversation with Cindy Bultema. Idunno — I keep pinching myself that we get to do this. And when we first started this podcast I was so worried about microphones and doing things right and now I’m just finding myself getting totally caught up in Episode 41: Tenderness and Truth 1 GritnGraceGirls.com listening and learning and my mind starts spinning and my heart starts being convicted and you and I are both pulling out the Kleenexes more frequently.
    [Show full text]
  • 02.17 Newsletter
    GraceNotes A Monthly Publication of the Congregational Activities of Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church in Newton, NC Volume 220, Number 2 __ ___ _ _ _ ___February 2017 February 11th 9:00 AM @ the Blue Moon, Newton "Connections" Every Thursday Morning 10:30 AM Valentine Dinner - Mexican Taco Bar February 12th 5:00 PM Everyone Invited Pancake Supper February 28th 6:00 PM From the Pastor’s Pen… Dear Grace Family, Peace, mercy and grace be yours from our Lord and Savior, Jesus, the Christ. Amen! What a month January was! The Board Retreat was the most uplifting experience! On behalf of the Board members, I want to thank you, the people of Grace, for your support in making the retreat possible. It was monies and time well spent! Nine individuals came together, most not knowing what to expect, but through prayer and worship, there was wonderful sharing and involvement by each and every member. There was a time of goal setting, a time of sharing and openness, a time of fellowship and bonding as a Board. In the evaluations, the comment made most was that we were all clear on the expectations and the priorities and there is much work that needs to be done. But thanks be to God for the presence of His Holy Spirit that touched us all as we worshiped and prayed together!! There was a wonderful presentation on the Grace Cemetery by Allen Biggerstaff and Reid Lynch as they shared the deep and meaningful history of the cemetery. There is much responsibility that goes with the management of the cemetery and we will be intentional as we address those needs in 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Creative Industries in South Korea: the Korean Wave
    CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN SOUTH KOREA: THE KOREAN WAVE Author: Nicoleta Stefanÿ Valean Tutor: Francesc Xavier Molina Morales DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AE1049 - FINAL PROJECT WORK ACADEMIC YEAR: 2016/2017 CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN SOUTH KOREA: THE KOREAN WAVE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 1. CREATIVE INDUSTRY 5 1.1. Definition. 5 1.2. Origin. 5 2. SOUTH KOREA 6 2.1. The history of Korea. 6 2.2. Hallyu: The Korean Wave 9 2.3. Aspects related to Hallyu 13 2.3.1. Industry Policy 14 2.3.2. Hallyu’s Kdramas approach 15 2.3.3. Hallyu and National Prestige 16 2.3.4. Market Segmentation 18 3. KOREAN POPULAR CULTURE 20 3.1. Korean television and Kpop 20 3.2. The Big Three: SM, YG and JYP 24 3.2.1. SM Entertainment 25 3.2.2. YG Entertainment 28 3.2.3 JYP Entertainment 29 3.2.4. Trainee system 31 4. CONCLUSION 33 5. REFERENCES 34 6. WEBGRAPHY 36 2 CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN SOUTH KOREA: THE KOREAN WAVE INTRODUCTION We live in a globalized world, surrounded by the effects of globalization in our daily life. Nowadays we have access to information about so many different cultures, countries, economies, different organizations, and so on. Thanks to the Internet, we have access to a whole new world in just a click. This is the main characteristic of the actual global situation. Personally, I am always amazed of this fact, being able to “travel" with just a click, being able to communicate with someone on the other side of the world, being able to know exactly what is happening, for example, in Australia while being in Spain, and more.
    [Show full text]
  • Awakening to God's Call to Earthkeeping
    Awakening to God’s call to Earthkeeping For creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the children of God. Romans 8:19 Awakening to God’s call to Earthkeeping For creation waits Contents with eager longing Leader Guide for the revealing Introduction 3 of the children of God. Romans 8:19 Session One: Rediscovering Our Place in Creation 5 Participant 10 A four-session small group study Session Two: God’s Presence to encourage, empower, and Fills All Creation 12 equip Lutherans in their calling Participant 18 to care for creation. Leader Resource 21 Session Three: Biblical Caring for creation is an essential component of Foundations for religious faith and witness. Faithful “earthkeeping” Earthkeeping 22 can deepen our relationship both with God and with one another, as we work for the healing of the world. Participant 26 This resource is downloadable at no cost from Leader Resource 28 the ELCA website at ww.elca.org/stewardship/ teaching. For more specific information about Session Four: Creation Waits earthkeeping and using this resource, you may with Eager Longing! 35 contact the author, and ELCA Diaconal Minister, Participant 40 Kim Winchell, at [email protected]. Appendix of by Kim Winchell Resource Materials Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian A Theology for Earthkeeping 43 Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA and used by permission. All rights reserved. Sample Survey on Religious Faith and the Environment 45 Copyright © 2006 Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. This study may be downloaded and reproduced for one-time Historical Voices on Creation 46 local usage.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Performance in Modern Taiwanese Theatre
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts INTERCULTURAL BODIES: POLITICS OF PERFORMANCE IN MODERN TAIWANESE THEATRE A Dissertation in Comparative Literature and Asian Studies by Wei-Chih Wang © 2016 Wei-Chih Wang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2016 ii The dissertation of Wei-Chih Wang was reviewed and approved* by the following: Charlotte D. Eubanks Associate Professor of Comparative Literature Director of Graduate Studies Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Shuang Shen Associate Professor of Comparative Literature Jonathan Abel Associate Professor of Comparative Literature On-Cho Ng Professor of History Head of Asian Studies Sarah J. Townsend Assistant Professor of Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School. iii Abstract The nature of the historical relationship between aesthetics and politics in modern Taiwanese theatre, especially after the lifting of martial law (1949–1987), remains a highly contested issue. At the same time, searching for a new Taiwanese body continues to be a major direction of theatrical experiments and is under-theorized. In regard to historical surveys, Taiwanese scholars such as Chung Ming-Der, Ma Sen, Lin He-Yi, and Chi Wei-Jan have published considerable work on the development of modern Taiwanese theatre. Shih Wan-Shun, Wang Li-Wen, Chang Ivy I Chu, Liang Pei-Lin, Cheng Fan-Ting, and Wu Chen-Tse have all, in their theses and dissertations, attended to questions of thematics and theatrics in modern Taiwanese practice. However, so far, few works have examined the tension between the historical continuum of political oppression and the immediacy of theatrical performance.
    [Show full text]
  • A NEW QUALITY of LIFE Place from Which the Enemy Can Be Resisted and Turned Away
    THE PROMISES OF GOD APRIL 2021 APRIL DEAL AT REFLECTIONS KENBOA.ORG/SHOP AUTHORITY TO RESIST A teaching letter encouraging believers to develop a clear mind and a warm heart Read James 4:7 THE TRINITY: “Submit therefore to God. Resist the devil and he will flee from you.” A JOURNAL United States embassies represent safety for around and leave us alone!” The command the persecuted all over the world. Headed lacks authority and strength. by an ambassador and his or her staff, an The believer enters God’s protection by embassy is an arm of the U.S. government repenting of pride (James 4:6) and putting and represents Americans’ values: freedom, on all of the armor of God (Eph. 6:10–18). safety, and shelter. Once a person gets In a sense, a humble Christian wholly on the grounds of an American embassy submitted to God is like a persecuted for- compound, that person is protected in the eigner standing inside the locked gate of same way as if he or she were in America. an American embassy—“No evil will befall Famous moments in history illustrate you, nor will any plague come near [you]” the power that an embassy has to resist (Ps. 91:10). Make sure you have taken up oppression. In 1978, a group of six Siberian residence in God today. Pentecostal Christians asked for asylum in the basement of the U.S. embassy in GOD’S PROMISE: Moscow. Claiming religious persecution, they lived there until 1983, when they The devil hears you when you were allowed to emigrate.
    [Show full text]
  • Korean As a Transitional Literacy: Language Education, Curricularization, and the Vernacular-Cosmopolitan Interface in Early Modern Korea, 1895-1925
    KOREAN AS A TRANSITIONAL LITERACY: LANGUAGE EDUCATION, CURRICULARIZATION, AND THE VERNACULAR-COSMOPOLITAN INTERFACE IN EARLY MODERN KOREA, 1895-1925 by DANIEL OLIVER PIEPER A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Asian Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2017 © Daniel Oliver Pieper Abstract This study argues that language and literacy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1895-1925) were formed through several interactive processes, including the development of “modern” literature and writing styles, processes of translation, dictionary compilation, and the circulation and functioning of language ideologies and discourses on linguistic modernity. Because Japanese engaged with the above processes vis-à-vis Western languages before Korean, Korean intellectuals found in the Japanese language a ready-made model for reform and modernization. Western notions of linguistic modernity—what modern language and literature “ought to be”—as well as the inundation of Korean with Japanese terms due to Korea’s late engagement with dictionary compilation and translation resulted in a Korean language that increasingly came to resemble Japanese. This facilitated the shift to higher Japanese literacy when combined with a colonial curriculum aimed at truncated Korean literacy and expansive Japanese. The convergence of the above processes with the political will engendered in education policy during a period of instability and flux in the orthographical development of Korean from that encoded in Literary Sinitic (hanmun) to Sino-Korean Mixed Script (kukhanmun) combined to lay the foundations for a shift from semi-literacy in Korean to literacy in Japanese, with Korean acting as a transitional literacy, and the sinograph (hancha) functioning as a mediating agent.
    [Show full text]