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Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Estudos Da Linguagem Terezinha Rivera Trifanovas (Re)Constituição Identitária UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM TEREZINHA RIVERA TRIFANOVAS (RE)CONSTITUIÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA DE TRADUTORES: ENTRE A ADERÊNCIA E A RESISTÊNCIA À FETICHIZAÇÃO DAS FERRAMENTAS TECNOLÓGICAS CAMPINAS 2016 TEREZINHA RIVERA TRIFANOVAS (RE)CONSTITUIÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA DE TRADUTORES: ENTRE A ADERÊNCIA E A RESISTÊNCIA À FETICHIZAÇÃO DAS FERRAMENTAS TECNOLÓGICAS Defesa de tese de doutorado apresentado ao Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) para obtenção do título de doutora em Linguística Aplicada do Programa de Pós- graduação do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem, na área de Linguagem e Sociedade. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini Este exemplar corresponde à versão final da Tese defendida pela aluna Terezinha Rivera Trifanovas e orientada pela Profa. Dra. Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini. CAMPINAS 2016 Agência(s) de fomento e nº(s) de processo(s): Não se aplica. Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem Crisllene Queiroz Custódio - CRB 8/8624 Trifanovas, Terezinha Rivera, 1961- T733r Tri(Re)constituição identitária de tradutores : entre a aderência e a resistência à fetichização das ferramentas tecnológicas / Terezinha Rivera Trifanovas. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2016. TriOrientador: Maria José Rodrigues de Faria Coracini. TriTese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem. Tri1. Tecnologia - Serviços de tradução. 2. Análise do discurso. 3. Fetichismo. 4. Identidade (Conceito filosófico). 5. Representação (Linguística). I. Coracini, Maria José Rodrigues Faria,1949-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: Translators identity (re)constitution : between adherence and resistence towards fetishization of the technological tools Palavras-chave em inglês: Technology - Translating services Discourse analysis Fetishism Identity (Philosophical concept) Representation (Linguistics) Área de concentração: Linguagem e Sociedade Titulação: Doutora em Linguística Aplicada Banca examinadora: Maria José Rodrigues de Faria Coracini [Orientador] Eliane Righi de Andrade Érika Nogueira de Andrade Stupiello Márcia Aparecida Amador Máscia Rosa Maria Olher Data de defesa: 19-05-2016 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Linguística Aplicada Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) BANCA EXAMINADORA: Maria José Rodrigues Faria Coracini Eliane Righi de Andrade Érika Nogueira de Andrade Stupiello Márcia Aparecida Amador Mascia Rosa Maria Olher Marcelo El Khouri Buzato Érica Luciene Alves de Lima Anna Maria Grammatico Carmagnani IEL/UNICAMP 2016 Ata da defesa com as respectivas assinaturas dos membros encontra-se no processo de vida acadêmica do aluno. DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus filhos, Lucca e Rafael, por me ensinarem que não temos caminhos traçados, mas sim percursos múltiplos que nos levam a experiências inimagináveis. Aos meus pais pela herança familiar; de minha mãe, Dna. Stefania, a responsabilidade e a criticidade, e de meu pai, Sr. Eugênio, a seriedade e a perseverança. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Maria José de Faria Rodrigues Coracini, por sua generosidade em entregar seu valioso conhecimento acadêmico de forma desvelada e apaixonada. Às Profas. Dras. Márcia Aparecida Amador Máscia e Érika Nogueira de Andrade Stupiello, integrantes das bancas de qualificação de projeto e de tese, cujas contribuições teóricas tanto auxiliaram no desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Às Profas. Dras. Eliane Righi de Andrade e Rosa Maria Olher pelo apoio e incentivo acadêmicos, bem como pelo florescimento de laços de amizade sincera e duradoura. Aos integrantes do grupo de pesquisa de orientação da Profa. Dra. Maria José de Faria Rodrigues Coracini pelo coleguismo em oferecer importantes sugestões e críticas que propiciaram o redesenho deste estudo. O que constitui o interesse principal da vida e do trabalho é que eles lhe permitem tornar-se diferente do que você era no início. Se, ao começar a escrever um livro, você soubesse o que irá dizer no final, acredita que teria coragem de escrevê-lo? O que vale para a escrita e para a relação amorosa vale também para a vida. Só vale a pena na medida em que se ignora como terminará. Michel Foucault, (1988 [2004, p, 294]). RESUMO O objetivo geral deste estudo é o de entender o uso de recursos tecnológicos na prática de tradução e, assim, contribuir para os Estudos da Linguagem e da Tradução, sobretudo, o movimento que o advento tecnológico provoca na identidade do tradutor e na prática tradutória. No mercado de traduções, a atividade tradutória parece apenas ser viável pela idealização tecnológica, ou seja, a qualidade da tradução é colocada como um ideal de perfeição, impecabilidade e maestria apenas possível pelo aparato tecnológico, responsável por apagar deslizes tributários da imperfeição humana e da equivocidade da língua. Diante disso, apresentamos a hipótese de que as tecnologias de tradução funcionam como enxertos, próteses, substitutivos imprescindíveis ao conhecimento linguístico do tradutor, instaurados como um fetiche o qual assegurará a legitimação da qualidade tradutória. Os recortes discursivos, advindos das entrevistas conduzidas por Skype e Facebook, com 19 tradutores, formaram dois eixos de análise. No primeiro, notamos, por parte de alguns tradutores, aderência à hegemonia tecnológica, refletindo representações de si enquanto parte de uma elite tecnológica por possuir expertise em softwares atualizados para a realização do ato tradutório. No segundo eixo, observamos, por parte de outros tradutores, resistência à imposição tecnológica, realçando representações de si como integrantes de um grupo desvalorizado, consciente de que precisa lidar com as exigências do mercado de traduções. Diante disso, conectamos a concepção freudiana de fetichismo como uma atitude de submissão à tecnologia e a concepção marxista de fetichismo como um anseio de objeção à tecnologia. Na primeira, é necessária a presença de algum elemento externo, substituindo o pênis, para a realização sexual. Na segunda, a mercadoria é transformada de matéria inorgânica à criatura orgânica para a realização comercial. Palavras-chave: tecnologias de tradução, análise de discurso, fetichismo, identidade, representações. ABSTRACT The main goal of this research is to understand the usage of technological tools in the translation practice and therefore to contribute for Language and Translation Studies, especially, the movement that the technological advent generates in the translator identity as well as in the translation practice. In the translation industry, translation practice seems to be only possible through technological idealization, that is, quality in translation is viewed as a concept of perfection, impeccability and mastership only feasible by the technological apparatus, responsible for erasing lapses from human imperfection and language equivocity. In light of this, we hypothesize that translation technologies work as scions, prostheses, substitutives indispensable to the translator’s linguistic knowledge, established as a fetish which will assure legitimization of translation quality. The discoursive extracts, from the interviews done by Skype and Facebook, with 19 translators, formed two analytical axis. In the first, we observed, from some translators, adherence to the technological hegemony reflecting representation of the self as part of a technological elite for having updated software expertise to carry out the translation act. In the second axis, we observed, from other translators, resistance to the technological imposition highlighting representations of the self as part of a devaluated group conscious of the necessity to deal with demands from the translation industry. Wherefore we connected the Freudian concept of fetish as a submission attitude towards technology and the Marxist concept of fetish as an objection desire for technology. On the former, it is paramount the presence of an external element, replacing the penis for the sexual accomplishment. On the latter, merchandise is transformed from inorganic matter to organic creature for the commercial achievement. Keywords: translation technologies, discourse analysis, fetishization, identity, representations. ABREVIAÇÕES E SIGLAS ASR Automatic Speech Recognition CAT Computer-Aided Translation ES Espanhol FR Francês I18N Internationalization IN Inglês L10N Localization MT Machine Translation MT Memória de Tradução OCR Optical Character Recognition PTBR Português Brasileiro RD Recorte Discursivo TA Tradução Automática TAC Tradução Assistida por Computador TM Translation Memory TRAD Tradutor TCLE Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO 1.1. Motivações Iniciais ................................................................................................. 11 1.2. Justificativa ............................................................................................................ 12 1.3. Objetivos e Hipótese .............................................................................................. 14 1.4. Metodologia ........................................................................................................... 14 2. TECNOLOGIAS DE TRADUÇÃO 2.1. Tradumática ........................................................................................................... 24 2.2. Tradução Automática ............................................................................................
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