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Pobierz Pobierz Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich The Problems of Literary Genres Les problèmes des genres littéraires „Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich” — zadanie finansowane w ramach umowy 597/P-DUN/2017 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkodnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę. Ł ó d z k i e T o wa r z y s T w o N a u ko w e s o c i e Ta s s c i e nt i a r u m L o d z i e N s i s WYDZIAŁ I SECTIO I Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich Tom LX zeszyT 3 (123) Łódź 2017 REDAKTOR NACZELNY/EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Jarosław Płuciennik REDAKCJA/EDITORS Craig Hamilton, Agnieszka Izdebska, Michał Wróblewski SEKRETARZ/SECRETARY Anna Zatora Pełniący obowiązki sekretarza/acting secretary Michał Rozmysł rada redakcyjna/advisory board Urszula Aszyk-Bangs (Warszawa), Mária Bátorová (Bratislava), Włodzimierz Bolecki (Warszawa), Hans Richard Brittnacher (Berlin), Jacek Fabiszak (Poznań), Margaret H. Freeman (Heath, MA), Grzegorz Gazda (Łódź), Joanna Grądziel-Wójcik (Poznań), Mirosława Hanusiewicz-Lavallee (Lublin), Glyn M. Hambrook (Wolverhampton, UK), Marja Härmänmaa (Helsinki), Magdalena Heydel (Kraków), Yeeyon Im (Gyeongbuk, South Korea), Joanna Jabłkowska (Łódź), Bogumiła Kaniewska (Poznań), Anna Kędra-Kardela (Lublin), Ewa Kraskowska (Poznań), Vladimir Krysinski (Montréal), Erwin H. Leibfried (Giessen), Anna Łebkowska (Kraków), Piotr Michałowski (Szczecin), Danuta Opacka-Walasek (Katowice), Ivo Pospíšil (Brno), Charles Russell (Newark, NJ), Naomi Segal (London), Mark Sokolyanski (Odessa-Lübeck), Dariusz Śnieżko (Szczecin), Reuven Tsur (Jerusalem) redakcja językowa/Language editors Stephen Dewsbury, Craig Hamilton, Reinhard Ibler, Viktoria Majzlan recenzenci w roku 2017/reviewers for 2017 Lista recenzentów zostanie opublikowana w czwartym zeszycie. © Copyright by Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Łódź 2017 Printed in Poland Druk czasopisma sfinansowany przez Uniwersytet Łódzki. PL ISSN 0084-4446 e-ISSN 2451-0335 DOI 10.26485/ZRL; 10.26485/ZRL/2017/60.3 Wydanie I redakcja naczeLna wydawnictw łódzkiego towarzystwa naukowego Krystyna Czyżewska, Edward Karasiński, Wanda M. Krajewska (redaktor naczelny), Henryk Piekarski, Jan Szymczak Łódzkie TowarzysTwo Naukowe 90−505 Łódź, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 11 tel. 42 66 55 459, fax 42 66 55 464 sprzedaż wydawnictw: tel. 42 66 55 448 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.ltn.lodz.pl/; http://sklep.ltn.lodz.pl ProjekT okŁadki: Paweł Więckowiak PrzygoTowaNie czasoPisma do digiTalizacji: Maryla Błońska | www.ekoslowko.pl Czasopismo jest indeksowane w bazie Copernicus i znajduje się na liście ministerialnej czasopism punktowanych. Artykuły czasopisma w elektronicznej wersji są dostępne w bazach ERIH, CEEOL, CEJSH, EBSCOhost oraz na portalach ePNP i IBUK. SpiS treści | contentS rozprawy | arTicLes Magdalena Heydel — Rób swoje, tłumacz! Przekładoznawstwo jako metoda w humanistyce / Do your job, translate! Translation Studies as a Method in the Humanities . 9 Łukasz Bogucki — The Terminological Conundrum of Translation Studies. Toward a Polish Dictionary of Translation Terms . 25 Katarzyna Stadnik — Popularisation of Science as Translation: A Cultural Linguistic Account ....................................................... 37 Joanna Maj — Muzealna historia literatury / Museum Literary History ........... 53 Maja Starakiewicz — Obraz jako argument w humanistyce / Image as Argument in the Humanities . 67 Anna Wendorf — Audio Description in Fine Arts . 83 Barbara Gawda, Kalina Kosacka — Obraz zaburzeń emocjonalnych w autonarracji K.R. Jamison / Picture od Emotional Disorders in the K.R. Jamison’s Self-narration . 95 Aleksandra Mochocka — Transmediation od Spatial Characteristics – Mervyn Peake’s Gormenghast Series and Philip Cooke’s Gormenghast: A Board Game set in the World of Mervyn Peake ......................................... 111 Anna Smywińska-Pohl, Anna Jarmuszkiewicz — Dzieła osierocone jako wyzwanie dla humanistyki / Orphan Works as a Challenge for Humanities ..... 127 Aleksandra Belina — Między wolnością badacza a pragmatyzmem. O degradacji nauk humanistycznych w obecnym dyskursie edukacyjnym / Between Freedom of the Researcher and Pragmatism. On Degradation of Human Sciences in Contemporary Educational Discourse ....................................... 141 Olga Łabendowicz — Participatory Audiovisual Translation in the Age of Immediacy ............................................................. 159 Dorota Utracka — Humanistyczne aspekty architektury informacji. Rekonesans / Humanistic Aspects of Information Architecture. Reconnaissance .............. 171 eseje | essays Emanuel Kulczycki: Dlaczego warto inwestować w humanistykę? ............. 193 receNzje | Book reviews Praktykowanie pamięci (Mnemosyne. Pamięć jako źródło dzieła sztuki, pod red. Marii Cieśli-Korytowskiej i Jakuba Czernika, Wydawnictwo Avalon, Kraków 2016, ss. 535) (rec. Tomasz Cieślak) ...................................... 199 rozprawy arTicLes Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich, LX, z. 3 PL ISSN 0084-4446 DOI: 10.26485/ZRL/2017/60.3/1 Magda HeydeL Uniwersytet Jagielloński* Rób swoje, tłumacz! Przekładoznawstwo jako metoda w humanistyce Do your job, translate! Translation Studies as a method in the humanities Abstract Translation has become one of the most important aspects of contemporary culture in the globalised world: it is a condition for intercultural communication as well as a means of preservation of culturally specific elements. No longer can we ignore the impact is has on cultural praxis and the functioning of many disciplines of the humanities. As a methodological framework Translation Studies offers a set of analytic and interpretive tools for research into various “translation zones”, for a long time seen as marginal, but in fact the most active spaces in cultures. It is there that the mediation processes and cultural transfer happens. The paper looks at the ways in which Translation Studies defines its aims and methods and sketches possible uses they may be put into in the humanities. The Translational Turn in Culture Studies poses challenges both to TS and other disciplines of the humanities, at the same time offering promising, new research perspectives. Translation Studies, translation zones, translation history, Culture Studies, the humanities * Wydział Polonistyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ul. Gołębia 16, 30-001 Kraków e-mail: [email protected] Zacznę od sceny z dramatu Translations (1981) pióra Briana Friela, klasyka irlandzkiego teatru XX wieku. Rzecz dzieje się w małej wioseczce w hrabstwie Donegal, w roku 1833, a więc w okresie, kiedy Irlandia jest angielską kolonią. Brytyjczycy wprowadzają właśnie dwie reformy: szkolnictwa na poziomie podstawowym, przekształcając tzw. hedge schools w szkoły państwowe, oraz topograficzno-onomastyczną, sporządzając nowe mapy Irlan- dii. W wiosce pojawiają się angielscy wojskowi ze służb kartograficznych, którzy mają za zadanie dokonanie pomiarów i przeredagowanie miejscowych map, tak by zastąpić nazwy gaelickie angielskimi. Ponieważ ludność nie posługuje się językiem angielskim, oficerowie wynajmują tłumacza — jednego z synów miejscowego nauczyciela, który na skutek refor- my traci posadę. Wielowątkowa akcja dramatu rozwija się nie bez zabawnych incydentów i nieporozumień — jeden z Anglików zakochuje się oczywiście w Irlandce — niemniej ostatni akt ma wymowę pesymistyczną, mroczną, omalże tragiczną. Kiedy zakochany ofi- cer gdzieś przepada, Anglicy grożą mieszkańcom wioski represjami, łącznie z wybiciem trzody, wysiedleniem ludności i zrównaniem domostw z ziemią. Wstrząśnięty tłumacz, który nagle odkrywa, że znalazł się w sytuacji bez wyjścia, zamiast przekazać hiobowe wie- ści ziomkom, na groźbę reaguje słowami: You are not--! / „Nie zrobicie tego!”; na co otrzy- muje zimną odpowiedź: Do your job, translate! / „Rób swoje! Tłumacz!” (Friel 2000: 80) 1. Ta wymowna scena ze sztuki, której zasadniczym tematem jest niemożność porozu- mienia, różnice językowe oraz wpływ przemocy jednego języka wobec drugiego na życie pojedynczych ludzi i całej społeczności, jak w soczewce skupia zagadnienia znajdujące się dziś w centrum refleksji przekładoznawczej i towarzyszące refleksji nad tym, czym jest tłumaczenie, jakie są warunki jego istnienia i funkcjonowania, do czego służy, komu służy oraz, last but definitely not least, kto, dlaczego, jak, w jakim celu i na jakich warunkach jest jego podmiotem. Zadając takie pytania, przekładoznawstwo wychodzi z impasu, w jakim znalazło się po radykalnym przyjęciu lekcji językoznawstwa i wiary w zasadę ekwiwalen- cji. Pisał o tym George Steiner, stwierdzając, że wina teorii tłumaczenia polega na tym, iż rozwija się „jak gdyby” (as if) kwestie relacji między oryginałem a przekładem zostały rozwiązane albo jakby ich rozwiązanie były wynikiem samego aktu przekładu. „Praxis (…) musi przyjmować postawę jak gdyby — pisze Steiner — teoria nie ma do tego prawa” 1 Polskie wersje cytatów w moim niepublikowanym przekładzie. 12 Magda Heydel (Steiner 2000: 382). Nowe przekładoznawstwo odmawia działania „jak gdyby”, dopytuje o warunki i konteksty zrozumienia problemów relacji w przekładzie i nie zgadza się na przechodzenie do porządku dziennego nad aporiami. Owen, tłumacz ze sztuki Friela, dokonuje przekładu niedokładnie, na różne sposoby i z różnych przyczyn manipulując nie tylko treścią angielskich komunikatów, ale także ich rejestrem i wartością retoryczną. Jego dezynwoltura z jednej strony ujawnia głęboką pogardę dla przybyszów, którzy wprawdzie go zatrudnili, ale nie zasługują na poważne traktowanie, z drugiej także pewien dystans wobec współziomków, których
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