1994-95 Annual Financial & Administrative Report
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ll<••lln St'iulillat ing FilH~I' Target :tum Pur<' (',I End Cap and C'oiiHr Pllotou \ f'to rounlrrs including summaries of Pure Research Activities and Practical Applications TRIUMF is Canada's national meson facility, managed Consortium Members Associate Members as a joint venture by a consortium of · Canadian University of Alberta University of Manitoba universities. It is operated under a contribution from University of Victoria Universite de Montreal Simon Fraser University University of Regina the National Research Council of Canada. University of British Columbia University of Toronto Our World-Wide Web Home Page: http:/ /www.triumf.ca/ 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T2A3 Phone: (604) 222-1047 Telex: 04-508503 FAX: (604) 222-1074 Annual Financial & Contents Administrative Board of Management 2 Report Director's Report 3 Pure Research 4-6 1994-95 Theoretical Programme 7 Applied Programmes 8 Cover Photo: Part of the complex detector for Experiment 787 at Brookhaven-see the "Pure Facilities 9 Research" section on page 4. Ventures Office 10-11 The 1994-95 Financial & Administrative Organization Chart 12 Annual Report is prepared by the TRIUMF Information Office Financial Review 13 Editor: Michael La Brooy infoff@triumf.ca 604 222-7354 Financial Statements 14-19 Users' Group Members 20-23 We acknowledge the contributions of the following toward the prepar ation of presentations in this annual report: E. Blackmore, D. Bryman, HERMES Experiment 24 P. Gardner, P. Jackson, J. Ng, T. Pickles, M. Vetterli 1 University of British Columbia Board of Management Dr. D.P. Measday March 1995 Department of Physics Dr. R.C. Miller, Jr. Vice-President, Research University of Alberta Dr. D. J. Doyle President, Doyletech Corporation Dr. W.A. Bridger Simon Fraser University Associate Vice-President, Research Dr. B.P. Clayman Vice-President, Research Dr. E.W. Brooker University of Victoria Chairman, EBA Engineering Dr. C. H·~· Jones Consultants Ltd. Dean, Faculty of Science Dr. J.T. Weaver Dr. W.C. Olsen Dean of Science Dr. R. Korteling Nuclear Research Centre Department of Chemistry Ms. G. Gabel President, The Gabel Group Dr. A. McAuley Associate Vice-President, Research Nonvoting Members Dr. A. Astbury-Director, TRlUMF Dr. J.-M. Poutissou-Associate Director, TRlUMF Mr. C.W. Bordeaux (Secretary, Finance Committee) Chief Financial Officer, TRlUMF Ms. P. Tode-Woods (Secretary, Personnel Committee) Associate Members, Observers Chief Personnel Officer, TRlUMF University of Manitoba Mr. M. La Brooy (Board Secretary) Head, Information Office, TRlUMF Dr. T.P. Hogan Vice-President, Research & External Programs Universite de Montreal National Research Council of Canada Dr. M. St. Jacques Vice-recteur a la recherche & Dr. J.J. Child planification Research Program Office University of Regina Prof. D.G. Stairs Department of Physics Dr. K. Denford McGill University Dean of Science University of Toronto Dr. J.P. Keffer Vice-President, Research & International Relations 2 Director's Report A little over a year has passed since the negative decision enhanced, and new technologies spawned is the only way of on the KAON proposal-by the Federal Government. In May assuring a rosy future. 1994 the management of TRIUMF was requested to present a If we are successful in our quest for funding it is already five-year plan for the future of the laboratory. This exercise clear that the management of TRIUMF will find itself in the was completed by June and presented verbally in Ottawa in uncomfortable position of trying to satisfy these dual require July to an assembly of senior bureaucrats and deputy minis ments. Whether this is possible, only time will tell, and one ters. The proposal was well received; however March 1995 has has a great deal of sympathy with the views expressed by the passed with no clear decision on the laboratory's future, Duke-of Wellington in the following letter attributed to him, which hangs, rather too delicately for comfort, in the balance. and sent by him to the British Foreign Office in 1812 during So far, the exercise of trying to assure a bright scientific the Napoleonic wars in Europe. future has proved to be both educational and confusing. TRIUMF, since its creation in the late 1960s, has pursued a ba "Gentlemen: sic research programme in subatomic physics. Over the years Whilst marching to Portugal to a position which commands the programme has come to embrace medical treatment, mate the approach to Madrid and the French forces, my officers have been rials research and work in the life sciences, but the central, diligently complying with your requests which have been sent by I ! driving force has been curiosity-driven experimentation into H.M. ship from London to Lisbon and then by dispatch rider to our i what are the basic building blocks of matter, and what are the headquarters. I rules governing the forces of nature which act between these We have enumerated our saddles, bridles, tents and tent poles, constituents. The success has been gauged internationally and and all manner of sundry items for which His Majesty's Govern I support for the science has been determined by peer review of ment holds me accountable. I have dispatched reports on the charac I I its excellence. ter, wit and spleen of every officer. Each item and every farthing has ·I In order to perform this science TRIUMF staff must em been accounted for, with two regrettable exceptions for which I beg I ploy technology which is state-of-the-art. This technology has your indulgence. I ! to be invented or taken from wherever it can be found in the Unfortunately the sum of one.shilling and ninepence remains world. The process has produced in the TRIUMF scientists unaccounted for in one infantry battalion's petty cash and there has and engineers a pool of talent and knowledge which is prob been a hideous confusion as to the number of jars of raspberry jam ably unique in Canada. It represents a resource which can issued to one cavalry regiment during a sandstorm in western have immeasurable value to the so-called "high tech" indus Spain. This reprehensive carelessness may be related to the pressure tries, and in an effort to realize some of this capital, TRIUMF of circumstance since we are at war with France; a fact which may runs an office for technology transfer. However, we should come as a bit of a surprise to you gentlemen in Whitehall. never lose sight of the fact that the technological resource ex This brings me to my present purpose, which is to request elu ists only because of the demands of the basic science. Why cidation of my instructions from His Majesty's Government, so that then should government give TRIUMF a future? Herein lies I may better understand why I am dragging an army over these bar the confusion. For some, excellence in basic science reigns su ren plains. I construe that perforce it must be one of two alternative preme. After all, every piece of modern technology was once a duties, as given below. I shall pursue either one with the best of my piece of curiosity-driven research; to say nothing of the vital ability but I cannot do both: training of the young people involved, a role traditionally ful 1. To train an army of uniformed British clerks in Spain for the filled by basic research. Others insist that in these days of benefit of the accountant and copy boys in London or, straitened finances, priorities must shift. The overwhelming perchance, priority for TRIUMF is the transfer of its technology; and the 2. To see to it that the forces of Napoleon are driven out of Spain." promise of a detailed accounting of jobs created, companies Alan Astbury 3 Pure Research Particle Physics Refinement Through Rarities Particle physics is in one of physicists are directing much of muons at TRIUMF and else the most interesting and per their current experimental effort where have been very important plexing phases ever encountered to addressing questions of this in establishing the validity of in modern science. On the one sort, in attempts to probe the SM many aspects of the SM and in hand we know of four basic in ever greater detail, and to confronting the predictions of al forces in nature, and we have search for new directions. ternative theories. However, the "standard model" of sub when hadrons, like pions and atomic physics (SM), providing Rare Decays kaons, are involved (hadrons are a consistent theoretical picture particles that can also interact of how nature's basic building Many elementary particles, through the strong force, and are blocks interact with each other including muons, pions and made up of quarks and/ or anti via the weak, the electromagnetic kaons, decay into light particles quarks), the range of possibili and the strong forces. (Gravity is (e.g. electrons, neutrinos) ties for testing hypotheses is en not yet included in the SM.) The through the action of the weak riched but reliable calculations building blocks are the quarks force. Theory predicts that some are difficult, if not impossible. up and down (u, d), charm and of these (which we call "rare de Weak and electromagnetic pro strange (c, s), and top and bottom cays") will occur at extremely cesses can generally be comput (t, b); and the leptons (the nega low rates. Observing them could ed to high accuracy (using "per tively charged electron, muon, lead to a greater level of under turbation theory"), but the and tau particle-referred to as standing of the SM, or even to strong interaction, particularly at e-, !!-,,;--and their related neu entirely unexpected, new low energy, requires a different trinos (ve, v~ and v"), which are insights. (non-perturbative) approach for electrically neutral. One can see, In many diverse fields of sci which, usually, we cannot ob therefore, that each of these ence, rare phenomena provide tain reliable theoretical results. groups, the quarks and the lep an effective route by which we tons, comes in three related can isolate underlying principles Experiment 787 pairs, referred to as "genera of general importance. tions". Remarkably, all con If we could carefully meas There are, however, a few firmed measurements agree ure the frequency of some spe exceptional weak-force processes with the predictions of the SM. cial rare decays of mesons and involving hadrons which, due to On the other hand, we leptons, we could challenge the symmetries or special circumst strongly suspect there must be SM by comparing our results to ances, have decay rates which more to the story: the SM con its detailed predictions. The sim can be calculated with high pre tains a large number of unspeci plest reactions, like muon decay cision and these lead to impor fied parameters, and it does not - a muon decaying to e- and ve tant tests of the SM. Pion decays explain some crucial problems, (an antineutrino) and v~- in (studied extensively at TRIUMF) like the generation puzzle. (Why volve only leptons; and leptons generally require the exchange do fundamental particles come don't "feel" the strong force. This of only one boson (the weak force specifically in three genera si:J;nplifies any high-precision carrier) between interacting par tions?) Nor does it explain the SM calculations we have to ticles. However, the SM predicts variation in the strengths of the make for comparison with ex the "suppression" of decays of basic forces. All over the world, periment results. Studies with kaons through the weak force be- 4 Pure E787 Central Tracking Drift Chamber Research / 0 Cathode foil • 0 strips : : Cathode foils 25J1.m Upilex with 2000A Cu strips Superlayer 11 1 (192 Anodes) Superlayer fl 2 (384 Anodes) Active length 508mm Superlayer fl 3 (576 Anodes) cause they can occur only with a the interaction strength between BNL, Princeton University and two-step exchange of bosons, the recently discovered t quark TRIUMF, recently joined by two which is more complicated. and the d quark. Thus, by study Japanese groups. It employs a These "higher-order" processes ing this ultra-rare kaon decay, kaon beam produced by the up are potentially fertile testing we may obtain one of the most graded 30 GeV alternating grounds for the SM because the detailed tests of basic assump gradient synchrotron. The appa entire spectrum o~ quarks, lep tions in the SM, as well as in ratus (see front cover of this re tons, and bosons is involved. A sight into aspects of the model port) is located inside a sole few higher-order weak interac which are least understood. noidal magnet with a diameter tions have been observed. But of about 3 metres, and with a the ultra-rare decay of a kaon The Experiment field of approximately 1 tesla. (K+) to a positive pion (:rc+) and TRIUMF and BNL scientists spe two neutrinos may be the only A group of physicists at cially designed the beam line to one that is both observable in an Brookhaven National Laborato reduce the fraction of contami experiment with current facili ry (BNL) in Upton, New York, is nating particles (primarily ties and subject to precise calcu now performing an experiment pions) to less than 25% of the to lation. The price for this arrange (Al) aimed at observing wheth tal, which is ten times better pur ment is a very low rate of decay: er this decay to JtVV occurs with ity than previously achieved we expect this to occur in only in the predicted range of decay anywhere. A unique, gas-filled about two out of 1Q1Dkaon de rates. The project, Experiment tracking chamber built at cays. The most interesting un 787, is a decade-long effort of TRIUMF (see figure above) ana known in the SM calculation is physicists and engineers from lyses the momenta of the charg- 5 Pure Research ed particles from the K+ decays. These particles are subsequently stopped in a stack of scintillation detectors used to measure their range (average length of I passage in material) and • energy. An electron- and photon-detection calo rimeter (a device to measure the total energy of particles) radially sur rounds these scintilla tion detectors, and also covers both ends of the detector. It consists of many thin layers, alter TRIUMF's gallium arsenide microchip-about 2 mm x 1 mm nating lead with plastic scintilla tor, and employs an "advanced material" provided by the BNL thousand times greater precision through the development of and Japanese groups-a pure was required to reach the SM novel techniques, and instru cesium iodide crystal array. prediction. Experiment 787 has mentation like the TRIUMF These detectors contribute to an so far acquired data with sensi high-speed gallium arsenide elaborate scheme to suppress tivity (approximately 10-9) to ex CCD digitizers. (These are backgrounds from processes plore the "window" above the microchips developed at which, although similar to the SM range for exotic processes TRIUMF- see photo above rare kaon decay being sought, like K+--+ Jt+ + x (x represents that can temporarily handle in occur up to 109 times more any unobserved particles, in formation from detectors, and often! cluding neutrinos). But, alas, no pass it on to computers, in a way signal has appeared yet. that far surpasses the perfor Results and Future Prospects These "null" results have mance of the old silicon micro strong consequences for non chips.) We anticipate that we Prior to this work, physicists standard theoretical models in will achieve sufficient sensitivi had searched for which exotic new particles like ty, during the next few years, in K+--+ 31:+ + v + v "lepto-quarks" occur. (These are the SM range of predictions, in a series of experiments. exotic, hypothetical objects while exploring a thousand These led to the calculation of a which have quantum numbers times beyond the limits of previ maximum possible rate for this of both leptons and quarks.) ous experiments for signs of particular decay (relative to all The experiment is continu physics not covered by the SM! K decays) of less than 2 out of ing to increase the power to ob 10 million; thus, at least three serve the decay K+--+ Jt+ + v + v (See also HERMES Expt on page 24) 6 Theoretical The Significance of Spin Programme We know that quarks are the Eventually, this unification should changed in addition to the exchange basic constituents of both protons also include the gravitational force, of the usual W and Z bosons in the and neutrons; and that these, to but we believe that this will require kaon' s expected decay into a pion gether with electrons, are the build the concept of "supersymmetry". (n+) and a pair of neutrinos, this ad ing blocks of all atoms. All these To understand supersymmetry ditional contribution would change particles interact with each other better, we must know that particles the expected decay rate. via nature's forces. Formerly, physi such as electrons and quarks differ This is what makes Experiment cists believed that there were only from the force-carrying particles, 787 such an important one: should four basic forces in nature-the such as the photon, by a property its measurements confirm this theo gravitational, the electromagnetic, the called spin, which is the intrinsic retically calculated decay rate, it weak, and the strong forces (the last angular momentum carried by a will be a signal of new physics, and two perceptible only at at the level particle. Basically, this is similar to will have a profound impact on our of atoms and their components). the spin of Earth about its axis, but fundamental understanding of the Electromagnetic force arises from with an important difference: the structure of matter. the exchange of photons (the quan spin property is measured in units ta of light) between electrons or that allow only for whole numbers quarks. The weak force is carried be or halves ("integer" or "half tween interacting particles by very integer" spin, i~ the physics TRIUMF Ventures Office heavy quanta known as W and Z jargon). (continued from page 10) bosons, roughly 80 to 90 times the So electrons and quarks have mass of the proton. half-integer spin and are called fer of scientific discovery it cannot be In the 1980s, particle physicists, mions; whereas the W and Z parti relied on as a long-term shield from through experiments at CERN and cles and photons have integer spin competitive alternatives. Fermilab, firmly established the va (1) and are called bosons. The uni The TVO has established a net lidity of the standard "electroweak" fying principle of supersymmetry work of contacts with many com theory. This theory is based on the theory dictates that the electrons mercialisation offices throughout realization that the electromagnetic and quarks will also have partners North America, and constantly uti force, responsible for powering that have spin 0. Similarly, the pho lizes those contacts in its own light bulbs and computers in our ton, for example, will have a half activities. homes and offices, and the weak integer spin partner. A large part of New technology such as that radioactive decay force, an impor the effort at the Large Hadron Col emanating from TRIUMF is, by def tant component in the power bud lider (LHC), the new accelerator inition, a high-risk venture. Al get of the sun and other stars, are complex being built at CERN, will though projects may appear to have promising potential, from experi one and the same, and can be de be to discover these particles. ence it can be predicted that not all scribed by the same mathematics. The theory group at TRIUMF is of them will actually fulfil expecta Success in mathematically involved in calculations that quan tions. The TVO always takes a con "unifying" two of these four forces tify the effects of these new hypo servative approach in projecting has prompted theorists to consider thetical particles in the rare decay current opportunities into future a still greater possibility-a mathe modes of the kaon*, now being in commercial activities. matical grand unification of this vestigated in Experiment 787. If the electroweak force with the strong supersymmetric particles men force that holds the quarks perma tioned here do exist, and are ex- nently inside a proton or neutron. *See "Pure Research" section, page 4 7 Applied Programmes Highlights Pion Therapy Ends the future, return to providing pros ing software, especially in conjunc tate cancer treatments. tion with the state-of-the-art ECAT During the early 1980s, Since the mid-1980s, TRIUMF 953-831 PET scanner installed three TRIUMF began to investigate a nov was one of only two facilities in the years ago at the UBC hospital. The .. el form of cancer therapy utilizing world investigating the treatment of earlier model there, built by the powerful pion beams available cancer with pions-the only one TRIUMF scientists more than a dec I here. The basic idea was originally during the final two years. It treated ade ago, is also still useable. suggested in a paper published in over 300 patients with this unique 1963 by Oxford's Professor Don form of therapy. A New, Contraband Perkins: the known behaviour of Detection System (CDS) pions as they came to the end of Coming: Proton Therapy their brief, 26-nanosecond average for Eye Tumours TRIUMF has signed an agree lifetime, suggested that they could ment with the Northrop Grumman be used to destroy deep-seated tu The TRIUMF accelerator not Corporation to develop a novel mours, with minimal effects on the only provides an intense beam of type of contraband detector, use surrounding tissue. protons travelling at 3 I 4 the speed able at airports, docks, post offices, TRIUMF's early experiments of light, but also makes it possible etc. This system would utilize three clarified the ideal dose and frequen for users to tap into the accelerating entirely different areas of TRIUMF cy of treatments. Two clinical trials beam and draw off some of the pro technology. began, one concerned with treating tons at lower speeds. Protons mov Unlike many current detection brain tumours (glioblastoma) and ing at about one tenth of TRIUMF' s systems which rely on X-rays to the other with prostate cancers. maximum velocity are ideal for use find drugs or explosives, the Volunteer patients in both trials in a form of cancer therapy hitherto TRIUMF system makes use of the were randomly assigned by com unavailable in Canada. fact that these substances contain puter to be treated either with con Recently, following an agree nitrogen; and nitrogen nuclei ventional (gamma ray) therapy or ment between the Mr. & Mrs. P.A. strongly absorb gamma rays at a with pions. Both trials were com Woodward's Foundation and specific wavelength. By scanning a pleted in 1994, and the results were TRIUMF, the BC Cancer Agency, rotating pile of luggage with suita made known in 1995. and the University of British Co ble gamma rays and noting where Essentially, although the pion lumbia's Eye Care Centre, we began there is strong absorption, a com treatments were comparable in to construct a proton therapy facili puter can create a 3-D image of the many ways to conventional therapy ty at TRIUMF. The Foundation is possible drugs or explosives. To do in effectiveness, they had insuffi funding much of the cost for install this, the computer uses software of cient advantage to warrant continu ing a treatment chair and proton the kind developed by TRIUMF for ing the programme. It was felt that beam line to treat ocular melano creating high-resolution images some of the resources (of the BC mas. Installation is progressing, and from PET scans. Cancer Agency and other funding we anticipate that the first patient TRIUMF is probably the only sources) used for investigating pion will be treated during the summer site in Canada where all these three therapy could be turned to another of 1995. This will be the only proton technologies - proton accelerators innovation: proton therapy for eye cancer therapy centre in Canada. (leading to the creation of the need tumours. ed gamma rays), radiation detection The pion cancer therapy pro Positron Emission Tomography systems, and tomography soft gramme, therefore, has come to a ("PET") ware-are all in use in different halt this year, and the beam line has areas, leading to the idea of devel been used in other pion physics ex During the years, TRIUMF' s oping a "combination product". periments. It may, at some time in scientists have focused on develop- 8 Facilities Highlights The TR 30 Cyclotron 1000 !!A (1 milliampere) of beam We expect that this work will be current, making it an unusually completed and the facility in use The TR 30 is a small, produc powerful cyclotron system for man during the next fiscal year. tion cyclotron, accelerating protons ufacturing radioisotopes. to 30 MeV. It was designed by A More Powerful Polarized Beam TRIUMF staff, built by EBCO Tech The TR-13 Cyclotron nologies (Richmond, BC), and is An optically pumped, polarized owned by NORDION International Meanwhile the first model of ion source ("OPPIS") was tested in Inc., whose facilities occupy part of the TR 13, a small, new, TRIUMF TRIUMF' s main cyclotron early this the TRIUMF site. designed production cyclotron, was year. Normally, when the cyclotron The TR 30 produces radioiso commissioned this year. This ma produces a polarized beam of pro topes that have applications in chine yields a proton beam at tons, the beam current is only a medicine and industry. The original 13 MeV, suitable for producing small fraction of that for an unpo design goal for beam current was most of the positron-emitting iso larized beam. 350 fAA. (Beam current is the elec topes needed for PET scans. In OPPIS is intended to increase tric current actually carried by the tests, it provided more than 60 !!A the beam current substantially, stream of protons emerging from of beam current simultaneously to while maintaining a high level of the cyclotron, normally measured each of two targets, exceeding its polarization. Early results were 120 in microamperes - !!A-which design parameters. The first of fAA of current at 78% polarization, are millionths of an ampere.) Since these machines is owned by the and 56 fAA at 85%. it began operating in 1990, the TR University of British Columbia and 30 has exceeded by far its design will remain at the TRIUMF site, pro ISAC & TRINAT goal, routinely running at 500 !!A viding radioisotopes for the UBC during this year. This makes it one hospital's imaging centre. Despite uncertainty about its of the most productive commercial future, TRIUMF began the design cyclotrons in the world. Proton Therapy Facility and construction of facilities re This year TRIUMF embarked quired to deliver intense, radioact on an upgrade programme to raise As reported under "Applied ive ion beams from TISOL to a new the power of this system even fur Programmes", TRIUMF received location suitable for the TRIUMF ther. To achieve this goal, several funding from a private foundation neutral atom trap, TRINAT. These component systems had to be de to construct a new facility for treat facilities include a beam line de veloped. Two particular areas re ing eye tumours (ocular melanoma) signed to achieve ultra-high vacu ceiving attention were the radio fre with a proton beam-the first such um in the region of the trap, and a quency system (which provides the facility in Canada. This work in temperature-controlled, dust-free power to the "dees" for accelerating volves adapting one of the existing room for the system of frequency the beam), and the hydrogen-ion beam lines to provide protons in the stabilized lasers and associated op source and injection system (which relatively low energy range re tics used in the trap. March saw the insert into the cyclotron's centre its quired; constructing a treatment beam line design completed, and a "raw material"- the ions to be room and a control room; develop preliminary structural design of the accelerated). ing software for controlling the pro room. We have a detailed schedule We have made excellent ton beam; constructing a special with an ambitious objective of dem progress, and we expect to com treatment chair; and designing and onstrating the trapping of short plete this upgrading by the end of installing various beam control lived potassium isotopes by the fall 1995. At that point, we anticipate mechanisms along the final few of 1995. that the TR 30 will be able to supply metres of the proton beam's path. 9 TRIUMF Ventures Office The TRIUMF Ventures Office mercial sales of millions of dollars c. Licence agreements with industry: (TVO) mandate is the pursuit of all per year. Our technologies current TRIUMF licenses suitable compa financially and technically viable ly attracting the most interest from nies to produce goods or processes opportunities for commercializing industry are: developed at TRIUMF. Cumulative the technologies evolving from re sales by TRIUMF's industrial licen search at TRIUMF, in any appropri -isotope production sees in recent years have totalled ate manner that will enhance the - medical imaging using ad- close to $100 M. Canadian economy. The provincial vanced positron emission government provides funding for tomography d. Joint ventures with industry: theTVO. - radio frequency drying of agri Where warranted, TRIUMF partici The objectives of TVO are two cultural products pates in joint ventures with part fold: to transfer TRIUMF technolo - control systems for industrial ners to commercialise TRIUMF gy to Canadian economy; and to operations technologies. Such arrangements generate income for the applied - environmental protection us are, however, infrequent because of technology programme at TRIUMF. ing cryogenics to eliminate the downside risk. The TVO's approach is to iden smoke stack emissions tify potentially commercial technol - nuclear techniques for detect e. Start-up companies from TRIUMF ogies within TRIUMF, and to en ing concealed contraband staff When the developers of a new courage those involved to consider - cyclotron production technology or application are inter the commercial aspects of their - remote operating vehicle ested in starting up their own com work. The researcher must decide pany to commercialise the TRIUMF between pursuing academic recog Our approach is to transfer vi technology, this is encouraged un nition through publication, or the able technology into industry, using der some form of licence arrange longer-term possibilities and uncer the most efficient arrangement that ment between the parties. tainties of commercialisation. recognizes TRIUMF' s intellectual A broad spectrum of technolo Success is never guaranteed. It ownership, while providing an ap gies evolve at TRIUMF, each with is a "body contact" activity requir propriate return to the laboratory. its own window of opportunity for ing the presence of several factors: Five main activities generate such commercialisation. Any technology revenue: advance not properly exploited can i) high calibre research become stale, and surpassed either ii) industrial "demand pull" for a. Consulting services for industry: technically or economically in the the technology TRIUMF staff are hired under con marketplace. Our role at TRIUMF iii) scientific experts motivated to tract by industrial companies to as must be the timely identification of commercialize the technology sist in developing commercial prod the technologies followed by appro ucts and processes in which priate commercialisation that op iv) available resources for com TRIUMF has significant expertise. timises the opportunity. mercial development. The objective: to develop products that will ultimately return royalties. TRIUMF' s strength lies in the The TVO is a catalyst in bring unique aspects of the facilities, ing together scientific knowledge b. Expert staff secondment to and from combined with the scientific excel and the commercial demand and industry: At industry's request, lence of the staff and the research application. Though TRIUMF' s an TRIUMF staff members are placed conducted here. Patent protection nual operating budget is only about in companies, and industrial repre can be important in identifying a $33 million, its spectrum of research sentatives are placed in TRIUMF so novel technology, but at this level technologies tends to include an that technological know-how can be atypically high number of industri transferred from TRIUMF to indus al opportunities with potential com- try, and vice versa. (Continued on page 7) 10 TRIUMF The table below presents the current status of TVO activities, 1994-95 Ventures Office TRIUMF Technology Location of Corporate Type of Commercial Date of First Estimated Annual Partner Agreement Revenue Industry Revenue 1. Compact commercial cyclotrons BC Licence signed 1991 >$2 M 2. Explosives detection system USA Development contract 1994 >$1M 3. Magnet technology BC Research 4. PET calibrating isotopes BC Development contract 1994 >$100,000 5. Radio frequency BC Under negotiation 1994 n/a 6. Control systems BC Development 1994* n/a 7. Smoke stack emission removal BC Licence signed 1994 8. Compact commercial cyclotron Germany Purchase order 1993-94 $66,000 components 9. Pion cancer therapy research BC Cancer Agency 1987 >300 patients treated 10. Positron emission tomography BC Joint research with UBC > 1500 patients research Hospital scanned 11. Electronics for lumber industry BC Purchase orders 1985 >$10,000 12. Calibrating isotopes BC Development 1995 >$100,000 13. Magnet technology for mining Alberta Lease & assistance 1992 >$1,000 industry 14. Medical isotopes Ontario Licence signed 1988 >$15M 15. Strontium-rubidium isotope Ontario Licence signed 1991 >$1M production 16. Isotope target systems Ontario Licence signed 1992 >$100,000 17. Power supply Ontario Discussions 1993 18. Muon analysis Japan & Russia Agreement signed 19. Remote operating vehicle BC Under final negotiation 20. Strontium production Russia Under negotiation 21. Isotope Research Russia Joint research 22. Automated Blood Sample USA Discussions 23. Proton cancer therapy research BC Cancer Agency 1994 24. Radiation Monitors USA Sale 1993 $20,000 25. Compact commercial cyclotron UK Purchase order 1994* $80,000 components Notes: 1. "Estimated Annual Commercial Revenue" is a conservative estimate for the current financial year, or projected for the first year of revenue. 2. • indicates a projection based on the best available current information. 11 Organization Chart University of Simon Fraser University of University of Alberta University Victoria British Columbia -~ University of Universite de University of University of Manitoba Montreal Regina Toronto TRIUMF Board of Management TRIUMF Operating Committee ~ry Committees I IEx~~~~~~t Evaluation Safety Advisory Administrative Instrumentation Advisory Assistant Radiopharm. Steering P. Stewart P&S Advisory IEmployee Liaison Associate Director ~ ------~_. J.-M. Poutissou I I I I I Accelerator Administration Cyclotron Technology Science Technology Division Operations Transfer Division Division I. Thorson Division Division J.-M. Poutissou E.W. Blackmore G.Dutto P. Gardner Chief Financial Officer ~hief Personnel Officer C. Bordeaux P. lode-Woods 12 TRIUMF Financial Review For the Year Ended March 31, 1995 Funding/Income 1995 1994 ~ National Research Council Fund $ 33,250,000 $ 30,322,000 ~ Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council Fund 3,771,530 3,854,375 NORDION International Inc. Fund 2,166,732 1,648,330 Affiliated Institutions Fund 3,551,198 2,224,973 EBCO Industries Ltd. Fund 178,680 437,131 Commercial Revenue Fund 969,351 400,486 General Fund 161,159 133,657 44,048,650 39,020,952 Expenditures Buildings 41,093 143,908 Communications 583,645 347,459 Computer 1,756,368 1,115,750 Equipment 3,674,503 1,925,368 Power 1,896,524 1,836,048 Salaries and benefits 27,572,406 26,490,775 Supplies and other expenses 8,399,356 9,211,179 43,923,895 41,070,487 Excess (Deficiency) of Funding/Income over Expenditures for the Year 124,755 (2,049,535) Fund Balances - Beginning of Year 1,693,910 3,743,445 Fund Balances - End of Year $ 1,818,665 $ 1,693,910 13 From the Auditor Ichartered accountants a member firm of Coopers Coopers & Lybrand (International) I &Lybrand I AUDITORS' REPORT To the Board of Management of TRIUMF We have audited the statement of financial position of TRIUMF as at March 31, 1995 and the statements of funding/income and expenditures and changes in fund balances for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of TRIUMF's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. In our opinion, these financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of TRIUMF as at March 31 , 1995 and the results of its operations and the changes in its fund balances for the year then ended in accor'dance with generally accepted accounting principles. Vancouver, B.C. May 31, 1995 (except for notes 8 and 9 which are as of July 6, 1995) NOTE: The excerpts from the Auditor's Report in the following pages are prepared by the TRIUMF Information Office, which takes responsibility for any inadvertent errors or deviations. Copies of the entire Auditor's Report to the TRIUMF Board of Management are available from the TRIUMF Business Office. [Editor] 14 Statement of Combined Funding/ Income and Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balances The Department of Industry Science and cally. These increases were due primarily to several Technology, through the National Research larger projects such as HERMES being administered Council, once again provided supplemental through TRIUMF. funding to augment the National Research Coun NORDION International Inc. and EBCO Indus cil contribution of $21,686,000. The augmented tries Ltd. hold technology transfer licences from budget of $33,250,000 allowed the staffing levels TRIUMF which resulted in royalty income of to remain constant and enabled the science pro $375,000 and $117,000 respectively. During the year gramme and general operations of TRIUMF to TRIUMF entered into a project with an American aer remain stable while awaiting a decision on the ospace company, resulting in revenues of $378,000 proposed Five Year Plan. for the 1994-95 fiscal year. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Re TRIUMF continued to provide facilities, staff search Council Common Grant Fund, used to and administrative assistance to Canadian research fund experiments at TRIUMF, remained constant projects whose grants were not administered directly when compared to the previous year but the by TRIUMF, such as those of the Medical Research year-end fund balance continues to decrease. Council, whose grants are channelled through the Government budget cuts to NSERC funding lev universities. els, combined with new NSERC granting rules Negotiations are ongoing with the federal and which make it very difficult for grantees to carry provincial governments about the future directions of forward any large grant balances, make it likely TRIUMF, and a decision on the proposed Five Year that future NSERC fund balances will continue to Plan is expected early in the 1995-96 fiscal year. A be low. positive decision will put in place longer-term fund The number of national and international af ing arrangements, allowing TRIUMF to plan its fu filiated institutions using TRIUMF's facilities re ture beyond the end of each fiscal year. mained constant although the flow-through of recoveries and expenditures increased dramati- S.L. Reeve, C.G.A. Controller 1994-95 -1993-94~ SOURCE OF FUNDS $million % $million % National Research Council 33,250 75.4 30,322 77.7 NSERC 3,772 8.6 3,854 9.9 NORDION International Inc 2,167 4.9 1,648 4.2 Affiliated Institutions 3,551 8.1 2,225 5.7 EBCO Industries Ltd 179 0.4 437 1.1 Commercial Revenue 969 2.2 400 1.0 Investment & Other Income 161 0.4 134 0.4 44,049 100.0 39,020 100.0 15 TRIUMF Statement of Financial Position As at March 31, 1995 1995 1994 ASSETS Cash & Temporary Investments $ 2,378,950 $ 902,309 Funding Receivable (note 3) 1,765,409 2.209.376 Total Assets $ 4,144,359 $ 3,111,685 LIABILITIES Accounts Payable $ 874,564 $ 154,583 Deposits from Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council Fund (note 5) 320,046 455,099 Deposits from Affiliated Institutions 790 680 617180 1, ~85,290 1226,862 Due to (from) Joint Venturers The University of British Columbia 347,634 185,303 The University of Alberta (13,147) (4,386) The University of Victoria (20,252) (11,975) Simon Fraser University 26169 21971 340 404 190,913 2,325,694 1,417,775 FUND BALANCES Restricted Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council Fund (note 5) 118,475 553,475 NORDION International Inc. Fund 100,000 100,000 Affiliated Institutions Fund 16,273 (13,532) 234,748 639,943 Other Commercial Revenue Fund 950,042 628,994 General Fund (15,210) Intramural Accounts Fund 649,085 424,973 1,583,917 1,053,967 1,818,665 1,693,910 Total Liabilities & Fund Balances $ 4,144,359 $ 3,111,685 Encumbrances and Commitments (note 4) 16 TRIUMF Statement of Funding and Expenditures National Research Council Fund For the Year Ended March 31, 1995 1995 1994 National Research Council Funding $ 33,250,000 $ 30,322,000 TRIUMF Funding Contributions from General Fund $ 1,001,590 $ 33,250,000 31,323,590 Expenditures by Activity Area Basic lab operations 5,117,890 4,477,225 Base program development 1,029,187 1,198,699 Base program support 3,920,983 2,950,342 ISAC-1 718,898 86,850 CERN collaboration 189,110 156,782 Salaries and benefits 23,068,625 22,822,610 34,044,693 31,692,508 Expendi.ture recoveries (794,693) (368,918) Total Expenditures 33,250,000 31,323,590 Excess of Funding over Expenditures for the Year $ Nil $ Nil Expenditures by Object Buildings $ 34,570 $ 103,908 Communications 533,175 282,849 Computer 1,469,979 751,207 Equipment 2,032,328 773,714 Power 1,896,524 1,836,048 Salaries and benefits 23,068,625 22,822,610 Supplies and other expenses 4,713,396 4,925,806 Salary expenditure recovered (498,597) (172,552) $ 33,250,000 $ 31,323,590 17 TRIUMF NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the Year Ended March 31, 1995 1. Joint Venture Operations TRIUMF is a joint venture established by the University of Alberta, the University of Victoria, Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia, which has as its goal the establishment and continuance of a national facility for research in intermediate energy science under a contribution from the National Research Council of Canada. As a registered charity, TRIUMF is not subject to income tax. Each university owns an undivided 25% interest in all the assets, and is responsible for 25% of all liabilities and obligations of TRIUMF, except for the land and buildings occupied rent-free by TRIUMF, which are owned by the University of British Columbia. These financial statements include only the assets, liabilities, funding and expenditures of the activities carried on under the control of TRIUMF and do not include the other assets, liabilities, revenues and expenditures of the individual joint venturers. The sources of funding include: grants and contributions from the National Research Council, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and governments, advances and reimbursements from other sources, royalty income, and investment income. The sources and purposes of these funds are: National Research Council Fund (NRC) Funding of operations, improvements and development; expansion of facilities (buildings excluded); and general support for experiments. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fund (NSERC) Funding to grantees for experiments related to TRIUMF activities. These funds are administered by TRIUMF on behalf of the grantees. NORD/ON International Inc. Fund Advances and reimbursements for expenditures undertaken on its TRIUMF project. Affiliated Institutions Fund Advances and reimbursements for expenditures undertaken on behalf of various institutions, from Canada and abroad, for their TRIUMF projects. EBCO Industries Ltd. Fund Advances and reimbursements for expenditures undertaken on the 30 MeV cyclotron project. Commercial Revenue Fund Royalties and expenditures relating to commercial activities. General Fund Investment income for discretionary expenditures incurred by TRIUMF. Intramural Accounts Fund Net recoveries for internal projects and services. The recoveries of expenditures are charged to the appropriate TRIUMF funding source by Intramural Accounts. 2. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation TRIUMF follows generally accepted accounting principles for non-profit organizations as referred to in the CICA Handbook. Expenditures on capital assets and supplies are expensed as incurred. Royalty Income TRIUMF records royalty income when notification and verification of sales are received. 18 TRIUMF NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the Year Ended March 31, 1995 (continued) 3. Funding Receivable 1995 1994 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fund $ 508,623 $ 647,818 NORDION International Inc. Fund 325,159 258,000 Affiliated Institutions Fund 931,627 939,785 EBCO Industries Ltd. Fund 363 773 $ 1,765,409 $ 2,209,376 4. Encumbrances and Commitments In addition to the accounts payable reflected on the statement of financial position, outstanding encumbrances and commitments, representing the estimated costs of unfilled purchase orders and contracts placed at the fiscal year end, comprise: 1995 1994 National Research Council Fund $ 610,000 $ 541,000 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fund "109,000 415,000 NORDION International Inc. Fund 49,000 66,000 Affiliated Institutions Fund 46,000 193,000 Royalty Fund 13,000 6,000 Intramural Accounts Fund 3,000 2,000 General Fund $ 830,000 $ 1,228,000 5. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fund Balance 1995 1994 Funding unexpended $ 438,521 $ 1,008,574 Grant accounts overexpended ---<~~om_ Fund balance - end of year $ 118,475 ~ 553,475 Number of grants awarded during year 42 39 Number of grants administered throughout year 91 82 6. Pension Plans The employees of TRIUMF are members of the pension plan administered by the university that sponsors their employment. TRIUMF records the pension expense as cash contributions are made to the plan based on a prescribed percentage of employee earnings. The pension expense for the year was $1,482,000 (1994- $1,554,000). 7. Contingent Liability In 1994, an action was commenced against TRJUMF by a former research partner. The plaintiff is claiming that TRIUMF did not provide certain technology transfers as agreed. The outcome of thls proceeding and the amount of loss, if any, is not determinable at thls time, and accordingly, no provision has been made in the financial statements. Should TRIUMF lose the action, any settlement will be accounted for in the period of settlement in the Commercial Revenue Fund. (continued on page 24) 19 1995 TUEC - (TRIUMF Users' Executive Committee) Chairman: J.D. King TRIUMF Users' Group Chairman Elect. G. Roy rMembers: M. Comyn, M. Hasinoff, K.P. Jackson, A Trudel Past Chairman: B.K. Jennings ~17 Members - 233 Institutions - 34 Countri=' _ Liaison Officer. M. La Brooy TRIUMF CONSORTIUM ASSOCIATE A.C. Hurst K.J. Raywood MEMBERS MEMBERS M.Adam D.A. Hutcheon G. Redlinger W. Andersson B.K. Jennings J.G. Rogers u. o,J.Alll.~rtn. A. Olin U. o,J.M«.nitQil.«. A. Altman R.R. Johnson L.Root R.Abegg C.E. Picciotto D.J. Birchall P.A. Amaudruz G.Jonkmans J. Roy W.K. Dawson P.R. Poffenberger J. Campbell W. Andersson T. Kadantseva T.J. Ruth P.W.Green P.A. Reeve C.A. Davis D.Axen R. Keitel M.Salomon L.G. Greeniaus L.P. Robertson W.R.Falk R. Baartman M.Kermani S. Scherer F.C. Khanna L.Gan S. Baer R.F. Kiefl P.Schmor P. Kitching U. o,J.B. C. M. Landry M.J. Barnes P.Knowles H.R. Schneider W.J. McDonald I. Affleck S.A. Page C. Bennhold A. Konaka J.W. Schneider . P.McNeely A.Ambardar W.O. Ramsay J.L Beveridge S.R. Koscielniak R. Schubank T. Nakano D.Arsenau D. Reitzner E.W. Blackmore C.J. Kost M.Senba W.C. Olsen J.H. Brewer A. Sekulovich C.W. Bordeaux M. La Brooy M. Sevior A.K. Opper K.Chow K.S. Sharma J. Brack G.K.Y. Lam K-S.Sim M.A. Punyasena T. Duty J.P. Svenne P. Bricault J. Lange G. Smith G. Roy D.G. Fleming W.T.H. van Oers D.A. Bryman R. Laxdal J.E. Sonier H. Sherif M.D. Hasinoff J. Zhao K. Buckley L. Lee V. Sossi J. Soukup J. Hoey J.W. Carey P. Levy N. Stevenson T. Stocki P. Hoffman u. de. Moutrtill G. Chadwick A.G. Ling G. Stinson S.imQu Em~a u. S. Johnston G. Azuelos C. Chen W. Lorenzon I.M. Thorson B. Addison-Jones G. Jones P. Depommier M.Comyn J. Lu H. Trottier M.S. Atkins W. Keil C. Leroy M.K. Craddock J.A. Macdonald A Trudel J. Brodovitch S. Kreitzman J. Cresswell G.H. McKenzie S. Veillette J.M. D' Auria W.A. MacFarlane u. o,J.B.egiu«. W.Cummings G. Marshall E. Venczel M. Dombsky P.W. Martin G.M.Huber P. Delheij S. McFarland V.K. Verma R. Harrop D.F. Measday G.J. Lolos J. Doornbos C.A. Miller M. Vetterli K.P. Jackson G.D. Morris E.L. Mathie F. Duncan B. Milton J.S. Vincent P.W. Percival C.Orvig N. Mobed G.Dutto L. Moritz E.W. Vogt S. Ounsiger S.I.H. Naqvi W. Faszer Y.M.Ng G.D. Wait U. oJ. ¥i'tQri«. V. Pacradouni R. Tacik H.W. Fearing T. Numao P. Walden A. Astbury M.Pavan R.J. Garisto A.J.Otter K. Warman G.A. Beer D. Sirota U. oJ. TorQ11 tQ U. Giesen D. Ottewell G. Waters T.A.Hodges R.J. Snooks R.Azuma D.R. Gill B.P. Padley N. Wilkinson R. Keeler N. Suen D.Bandyopadyay M. Gingras J.J. Pan R. Woloshyn D.E. Lobb D.C. Walker J.D. King P. Gumplinger G.Poulis D.H. Wright G.R. Mason C.E. Waltham J.D. Powell M.Hahn J.M. Poutissou S.Yen O.F. Hausser R. Poutissou YouKe R. Helmer M.A. Punyasena M.Zach R. Hilton A. Ramos M.Zhong A. Hosaka 20 TRIUMF Users' Group-Other Institutions .E.inlmd Helsinki U.- J. Niskanen ~ Canada CENBG, Bordeaux U.- P.G. Quentin CRN Strasbourg-J. Dudek, G. Walter B:C. Cancer Agency- M.K. Dimitrov, A. Nishioka GANIL- M. Ploszajczak, A. C. C. Villari B.C. Cancer Foundation- L.D. Skarsgard Inst. de Phys. Nucl. - A.C. Meuller B.C. Cancer Research Centre- D. Gamer Inst. des Sciences Nucl.- K.S. Golovanivski B.C. Children's Hospital- H. Nadel Satume L.N.- D.M. Whittal BCIT- B. Pointon Paris VII U.- 0 . Riera Calgary U.-C.Y. Kim Paris-sud U. -T. Riseman Carleton U. - M. Dixit, S. Godfrey, R. Hemingway Saclay C.E. - N. Alarnanos Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories-J.C. Hardy, A. Hayes, Germany V. Koslowsky, G. Savard, I.S. Towner DESY- W. Schott EBCO Industries-J.T. Sample Erlangen U. -H.M. Hofmann Foster Radiation Lab.- J.K.P. Lee Giessen U.-H . Wollnik IBC-J.C. Prior Hahn-Meitner Inst., Berlin- W. von Oertzen Kwantlen Coli. -J.B. Pearson lnst. Angewandte Phys. -H. Klein Laurentian U. - C. Virtue Inst. Kemphys. - A. Richter, S. Scherer Lion's Gate Hosp. (Vane.)- P. Cohen Karlsruhe U.- W. Kluge, H.M. Staudenmaier McGill U. - D. Britton, F. Buchinger, R. Moore, K. Oxom KFA Jiilich- G. Baur, S. Martin Ottawa Civic Hosp.- N.G. Hartman Koln U.- P. von Brentano Queen's U.- B.C. Robertson Konstanz U.- C. Bernhard, U. Binninger, C. Niedermayer Royal Military C.- P. Tume Max Planck Institut- C. Wiedner Saskatchewan U. - E.J Ansaldo, C. Rangacharyulu, Y.M. Shin Muenster U. -D. Frekers St. Paul's Hospital- A. Belzberg Technische U., Dresden- H . Freiesleben University Hospital (UBC) -D.B. Calne, B. Kramer, Technische U., Miinchen- T. von Egidy L-Y. Chan, R. Morrison, B.J. Snow, I. Szaz Tubingen U. - G. Wagner Vancouver Gen. Hosp.- A. Celler, S.A. Jackson, B. Lentl, ~ R.A.L. Sutton, W. Thompson, V. Walker Demokritos NRCPS- X. Aslanoglou W. Ontario U.- W.P. Alford Patras U. - D.S. Tsatis Hungacy Outside Canada Budapest Research Inst. for Physics- D. Horvath Inst. of Isotopes- Z. Nemeth Argentina lruUll Tandar- S. Gil Banaras Hindu U. - L. Chaturvedi, P.C. Sood Australia Hindustan Lever Ltd.- K. Venkateswaran Adelaide U. - B. Pearce, A.G. Williams Panjab U. - R.K. Gupta Flinders U. of South Australia -I.R. Afnan, B. Blankleider Saha Inst. Nucl. Phys.- R. Shyam U. of Melbourne- I. Bertram, S.A. Long, B.M. Spicer, .wm M. Sevior Ben Gurion U., Negev- S. Mordechai Belgium Hebrew U.-N. Kaplan, A. Leviatan, M. Paul Ghent State U. -K. Heyde Soreq Nuclear Rsrch. Ctr.-J. Gilat Universite Catholique de Lou vain- R. Coussement, Tel-Aviv U. - J.M. Eisenberg, M. Moinester J. Deutsch, W. Galster, M. Huyse, P. Leleux, J. Vervier Weizmann Inst. - M. Hass, L. Sapir Bulgaria ~ Sofia U. - I. Enchevich Cons. Naz. D. Ricerche ITBA - S. Marco .chini INFN- G. Cuttone, N. Grion, S. Marcello, C. Signorini Peking U.- Y. Ye LNL- G. Goldring, L. Tecchio .cawill Milano U.- C. Birattari Ruder Boskovic lnst. - I. Slaus lal2m Zagreb U. - M. Furic KEK- H. Iwasaki, S. Kanda, Y. Kuno, J.M. Lee, K. Nakai, Czech Republic S. Terada, K. Yoshitaka Czech Rep. Science Academy - M. Sotona Kyoto U. -Y. Abe, M. Matsuo Denmark Kyushu U. - Y.R. Shimuzu Aarhus U.- P.G. Hansen Nagasaki lAS- K. Kikuo NPL- Y. Masuda 21 TRIUMF Users' Group-Other Institutions Niigata U. - Y. Suzuki Sl2iin Numao Coli. of Technology- A. Hosaka Valencia U. - J. Bernabeu, A. Ramos, V.M. Vincente Osaka U. -K. Katori, N. Matsuoka, T. Minarnisono Sri Lanka RIKEN- T. Inamura, T. Matsuzaki, I. Tanihata P. Lumumba U. -K. Jayamanna Saga U. -S. Kumano ·Sweden Tohoku U. -N. Takigawa Lund U. -H. Ryde Tokyo Inst. of Techn.- K. Asahi Royalinst. of Tech. - R. Wyss Tokyo U.- P. Birrer, S. Kubono, T. Nagae, K. Nagarnine, Uppsala U.- B. Fogelberg, J. Nyberg K. Nishiyama, F. Sakata, M-H. Tanaka, T. Yamazaki Switzerland Tokyo Metropolitan U.- H. Nakahara Basel U.- A. Feltham Kazakhstan Republic CERN- A. Noble, H.L. Ravn, A. Rijllart, 0 . Tengblad, INP- A. Arzumanov P. Van Duppen Kllwl Fribourg U.- R. Jacot-Guillarmod, P. Christian, Korea U.-S.J. Lee, G.Y. Lim L. Schellenberg Seoul National U. - J.C. Kim PSI- R. Abela, A. Amato, F.S.N. Gygax, 0. Ingram, Yonsei U. - J.M. Lee P. Locher, E. Morenzoni, A. van der Schaaf, P. Weber, NepAl H.C. Walter Tribhuvan U. - H.P. Risal Zurich U.- H. Dilger, R. Engfer, E. Roduner, J.W. Schneider Netherlands ~ Kernfysich Vers. Inst.- A.M. van den Berg INR- V .M. Kolomietz, A. Pap ash Tech. Hogeschool Delft- H. Postma United Kingdom Utrecht U. - D. Yeomans Daresbury Lab.- D.O. Warner Mmd. Leicester U. - E.D. Davis INP- A. Adamczak Liverpool U.-J. Bailey IEMT- M. Kopcewicz Newcastle-upon-Tyne U.-J. Congleton Inst. Exper. Phys. -W. Kurcewicz Rutherford Lab. -S. Cox Sol tan INS -A. Piotrowski Sussex U.-K. Prassides Warsaw U.- A. Golnik, A. Sliwinski York U.-R. Wadsworth Rl.wia United States Fierov Lab of Nucl. Reaction- M.G. Itkis Albany State U. - T.P. Das INR, Dubna- P. Nomokonov Argonne N.L.- M. Barnabas, D.M. Bartels, C. Davids, INR, Moscow- A. Antonenko, A.S. Belov, V.N. Bolotov, W.F. Henning, R.C. Pardo, K.W. Shepard R. Djilkibaev, V. Gaidach, D. Gorelov, A. Iliev, N. Ilinsky, Arizona State U. - B.R. Barrett, J. Comfort, R.F. Marzke I. Kopeikin, A. Krasulin, A. Kurepin, V.D. Laptev, Arkansas U. (Little Rock)- W. Braithwaite, C. Byrd V.A. Matveev, E.A. Monich, P.N. Ostroumov, BNL- R.F. Casten, R.L. Gill, R.L. Hahn, P.E. Haustein, V. Paramonov, A. Pashenkov, A. Poblaguev, V.G. Polushkin, E. Kistenov, T.E. Ward, C. Woody P. Reinhardt-Nikulin, J. Senichev, S. Serezhnikov, Boeing Def. & Space Gp. -E. Normand E. Shaposhnikova, N.A. Titov, A. Zelenski Boston U.-J.P. Miller INP- A. Kotov, A. Kupriyanov, D. Seliverstov Bowdoin Coli. -G.T. Emery INR, Novosibirsk- A.A. Bashkeev California Inst. Tech. - C.A. Barnes, R.W. Kavanagh, Inst. Theor. & Expt. Phys. - M. Katz, P. Volkovitsky K. Langanke I.V. Kurchatov Inst. - V. Keilin, I. Kovalev, E. Krasnoperov, California State U. - E.F. Gibson E. Meilikhov, V. Selivanov, V. Storchak California U., Berkeley- J. Cerny, M.W. Strovink JINR- I. Adam, V. Melezhik, L. Onischenko, I. Roufanov, Carnegie-Mellon U.- A. Berdoz, P.J. Karol V.G. Soloviev, L. Somov, S. Stepantsov, G. Ter-Akopian, CEBAF- D.J. Mack R. Zoulkarneev Centenary Coli. -J. Lisantti Moscow EPI - A.L. Mykaelyan Central Washington U. - W.C. Sperry Moscow Rad. Tech. Inst.- V.A. Konovalov Chicago U.-J.W. Truran Nizny Nogorod - M. Kouznetsov Clark U. -D.S. Brenner Russian Rsrch Ctr. - S. Fayans Colorado U. - X.Y. Chen, M.D. Holcomb, J.J. Kraushaar, SPB State U. - A. Bolokhov R.J. Peterson, R.A. Ristinen, J. Roy, W.R. Smythe South Africa Columbia U. -K. Kojima, G. Luke, 0 . Tchernyshyov, Witwatersrand U. - K.P.F. Sellschop T. Uemura 22 TRIUMF Users' Group-Other Institutions Duke U.- C. Laymon Oregon State U.- W. Loveland, A.W. Stetz, L.W. Swenson Fermilab - S.A. Bogacz Pacific Northwest Labs- P.L. Reeder Florida State U.- P. Cottle, L.M. Muga, H.S. Plendl Pennsylvania U.- H.T. Fortune, P. Hui, z. Mao, Georgetown U.- W.S. Rodney M. McKinzie, A. Williams George Washington U. -C. Bennhold, Z. Papandreou Princeton U.- C.J. Girit, R. McPherson, S. Smith Harvard U.-J. Sisterson Rice U.-S.A. Dodds, T.L. Estle Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr.- P.L. Smith Rutgers U.- C. Glashausser, N. Koller, P. Rutt, G. Thomson Hood College-J.M. Stadlbauer Santa Cruz U. - K. Shaughnessy Idaho Nat'! Eng. Lab.- J. Aryaeinejad SLAC- W.B. Herrmannsfeldt, U. Wienands Idaho State U. -Z.-Y. Zhou SSC Lab- A. Fry, D.P. Curd, P. Padley, M. Turcotte Illinois U.-P.T. Debevec, A.M. Nathan Stanford U. - S.S. Hanna Indiana U.- R.D. Bent, J.M. Cameron, W.P. Jones SUNY- G.D. Sprouse, C.-M. Zou Johns Hopkins U.- Y.K. Lee Temple U.- C.J. Martoff, Y. Zhang Kent State U.- R. Madey, P. Tandy, J.W. Watson Tennessee U.- C. Bingham, M. Halka, L.L. Riedinger Kentucky U.- T. Gorringe, C. Jiang, M. Kovash, K. Lin, Tennessee Tech. U. -R.L. Kozub M.A. Pickar, S.W. Yates, J. Zhou Texas A&M U.- R.A. Bryan, H.A. Schuessler LAMPF- J. O'Donnell Texas Tech. U.- D. Lamp, R. Lichti LANL- P. Barnes, E.P. Chamberlain, W.O. Cooke, UCLA- B.M.K. Nefkens, P. Sandler M.D. Cooper, A.J. Gancarz, R.E.L. Green, R.C. Haight, Utah State U.- V.G. Lind R.H. Heffner, C.M. Hoffman, G. Hogan, P.E. Koehler, Valparaiso U.-S. Stanislaus G.P.· Lawrence, L. Le, D.G. Madland, R. Mischke, Vanderbilt U.- D,J. Ernst, W. Ma C.L. Morris, J.R. Nix, B.K. Park, W.F. Sommer, D. Strottman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State U. - M. Blecher, D. Swenson, W.L. Talbert, T. Talley, J. Ullman, D.J. Vieira, K. Gotow, D. Jenkins D.H. White Virginia State U.- M. Blankson-Mills, D. Noakes, Lawrence Livermore NL-J.A. Becker, S.S. Han, C. Stronach G.J. Mathews, L.S. Pan, T.F. Wang Virginia Tech. -I. Strakovsky LBL- J. Batchelder, D.J. Clark, T. Collins, K.M. Crowe, Virginia U.- D.C. Crabb, E. Frlez, S. Hoibraten, P. Kammel, C.M. Lyneis, M.F. Mohar, D.M. Moltz, Y. Tzamouranis C. Naudet, M.J. Nitschke, G. Odyniel, T. Ognibene, Washington U. -E.G. Adelberger, M. Alberg, V. Chaloupka, T.J.M. Symons V. Cook, J.G. Cramer, C. Gossett, G.A. Miller, Lorna Linda U. -B. Clausen W.G. Weitkamp, W. Haxton Louisiana State U. -J.P. Draayer, E.F. Zganjar Westinghouse (Hanford)- E.R. Siciliano Louisville U.-J.S. Chalmers William & Mary Coli.- M. Eckhause, W.J. Kassler, Marcel M. Barbier Inc. - M.M. Barbier R. Pourang Maryland U.- N.S. Chant, P.G. Roos;W.B. Walters Wisconsin U.- A.B. Balantekin Michigan State U.- T. Antaya, F.D. Becchetti, W. Benenson, Yale U.- M. Gai, P. Parker T. Glasmacher, R.M. Ronningen, B.M. Sherrill Uzbekistan Minnesota U.- D. Dehnhard· INR, Uzbek.- A. Avezov, A. Melis Mississippi State U.- R.B. Piercey NPI, Uzbek. -D. Mirkarimov MIT- A. Kerman, R.P. Redwine, J. Zhao Uzbek. Acad. Sci. -A. Azimov, A. Muminov New Mexico U.- B. Bassalleck, M.D. Chapman, B. Dieterle, Yugoslavia M.A. Frautschi Nucl. Sci. Inst. Vinca - K. Subotic Notre Dame U.-J. Gorres, M. Wiescher NSCL- M. Hellstrom [Note: Because of ongoing political changes in Eastern Europe, the Oak Ridge NL- Y.A. Akovali, R.L. Auble, C. Baktash, affiliations and countries of Users' Group members from that area F.E. Bertrand, J.D. Garrett, D.J. Horen, N. Johnson, may now be different from those shown. - Editor) C.M. Jones, W. Nazarewicz, O.K. Olsen, M.S. Smith, D.W. Stracener, K.S. Toth Ohio State U.- R.N. Boyd, K.K. Gan, H. Kagan, R.L. Malchow, S. Shao, C. White Ohio U.-J. Rapaport Old Dominion U. - S. Kuhn 23 Canadian Science Abroad The HERMES Experiment Physicists have developed a rela tum mechanics and is a fundamental job, one of them being a "transition ra tively simple model of matter, the so property of subatomic particles. diation detector" (TRD ), designed and called "descending staircase": the small How is the spin of the proton relat built at TRIUMF by Canadian physi est part of a compound that retains all ed to the spin of its constituents? That is cists. A TRD identifies electrons by de the properties of the compound is a the question HERMES is attempting to tecting X-rays produced when a highly molecule. Molecules are made up of at answer. Studying this important quanti relativistic particle passes through a oms, which in tum are made up of elec ty requires that both the electron beam special material called a radiator. In the trons orbiting a nucleus. A nucleus is and the proton target be prepared in HERMES energy range, only electrons composed of nucleons (protons and special states: they are polarized. (In a produce these X-rays, so their presence neutrons), which are made up of even polarized group, the particles are all indicates that the associated particle is smaller particles, called quarks. spinning in the same direction, with the one of interest in the scattering pro To study the substructure of nucle their axes parallel.) The HERMES spec cess. The TRD is basically a switch: ons, we use a process called deep inelas trometer detects electrons scattered whether it sees or does not see an X-ray tic scattering. Basically, high-energy from the polarized nucleon target, de tells us whether the particle is or is not electrons strike a target of protons and I termining their energy and the angle an electron. The HERMES TRD contains or neutrons, and we observe the scat through which they are deflected. By 12large (4 m x 1 m x 10 em) "modules" tered particles. As the energy of a parti comparing the distribution of scattered which consist of a radiator followed by cle increases, it probes smaller and electrons (in angle and energy) for dif a gas-filled chamber to detect the X smaller distances; so that at the energy ferent polarization states of the beam rays. Construction of the TRD began in of the HERA storage ring in Hamburg, and the target, experimenters deduce mid-1993, and the last modules were Germany (home of the HERMES experi information about the spin of the shipped to DESY on time, in October ment), the electrons can "see" the proton. 1994. quark structure. These high-energy collisions pro The HERMES spectrometer was Of particular interest to physicists duce many particles other than the scat completely installed in the spring of at HERMES is the property of the pro tered electrons, so it is essential to iden 1995 and was then commissioned. Data ton called spin. This is a form of angu tify the electrons among the emerging taking began in August 1995. lar momentum which appears in quan- particles. A series of detectors does this TRIUMF NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS For the Year Ended March 31, 1995 (Continued from page 19) 8. Economic dependence TRIUMF's operations are funded under a contribution from the Government of Canada through the National Research Council of Canada, including support from Western Economic Diversification. TRIUMF is economically dependent upon this funding source for its ongoing viability. On June 14, 1995, the Government of Canada announced a commitment of $166.6 million to fund TRIUMF over the next five years. At the same time, the Government of British Columbia announced its contribution of $9.7 million for conventional construction. Management has no reason to believe that ongoing funding from government will not continue into the future after the expiry of the above commitments. 9. Subsequent Event Subsequent to March 31, 1995, TRIUMF has commenced restructuring plans, including a planned staff reduction. Severance costs associated with this reduction are not expected to exceed $3.1 million and will be accrued in the period approved by the Board. 24