The Accidental Disappearance of the Dynastic Succession Crisis The causes of dynastic succession crises in early modern Europe By Beer Meijlink Student number: 3448525 e-mail:
[email protected] Master Thesis Comparative History Supervisor: Maarten Prak 25 augustus 2010 Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 Chapter 1: The successions of the English kings 1.1 English monarchy 13 1.2 The English stakeholders 13 1.3 Religion and England 14 1.4 Succession crises in England 15 Boolean calculations English successions 24 Conclusion English successions 25 Chapter 2: The successions of the French kings 2.1 The French monarchy 26 2.2 The French stakeholders 27 2.3 Religion and France 28 2.4 Succession crises in France 28 Boolean calculations French successions 34 Conclusion French successions 35 Chapter 3 The successions of the Dutch stadtholders 3.1 The Dutch Republic and the stadtholderate 36 3.2 The Dutch stakeholders 39 3.3 Religion and the Republic 39 3.4 Succession crises in the Dutch Republic 40 Boolean calculations Dutch successions 45 Conclusion Dutch successions 46 Comparative Analysis 47 Conclusion 50 Literature 51 Introduction The period between 1500 and 1800 is commonly seen as the era of the rise of the modern state. Still, the early modern European states were distinct from both the medieval states, which were extremely decentralized systems of feudal ties, and the truly modern nation- state.1 One characteristic of these early modern states was that they suffered from chronic instability. They were composite states that consisted of a complex of different peoples and territories, bound together by laws and customs specifying their rights and obligations and divided by distinctive interests and identities.2 Compared to modern states the ability to enforce laws and extract taxes from the population was limited.