The Inuit and Yupik People Pdf, Epub, Ebook

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THE ESKIMO : THE INUIT AND YUPIK PEOPLE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

However, after a father and son drowned while returning home from Alaska, Russia restricted such trips until , when a group of 12 men traveled in two aluminum skiffs from Provideniya, Russia, to Gambel, Alaska, to visit U. Alaska is also the home of the Bering Glacier, which, together with the Bagley Oil Field, covers square miles, an area larger than the state of Delaware. They do not constitute an ethnic group but a people speaking the same Finno-Ugric languages 10 of which have been identified. The Yakuts who call themselves Sakhas are a Siberian people who form the north-eastern branch of the Turkic peoples. Today, because of government projects, many of the larger villages have a sewage treatment plant that includes a piping system where central water tanks supply water to houses via insulated plastic pipe, and raw sewage is piped out to sewage holding and treatment areas. The Inuit language is a continuum, or dialect chain, that includes Alaskan Inupiaq and stretches from Unalakleet on Norton Sound across northern Alaska and northern Canada to east Greenland. However, with English as a primary language of the young people and with the exposure to the world via satellite television, the Internet, and schools, idioms and abstract ideas have begun to have meaning. Further, because Alaskan waters are so cold, the primary benefit of a life vest is largely that it aids efforts to find the body later. Survival no longer depends on kinships, but these relationships are far from dead. The women's house, the ena, was traditionally right next door, and in some areas they were connected by a tunnel. Space In the Eskimo culture, individual space is often shared with family members ;. Political Structure The political development of Eskimos has evolved into the development of councils, native corporations, and health care corporations. Only Alaska Natives are allowed to possess unworked ivory, which can only be sold after it is handcrafted. Neither chronic liver disease nor homicide was among the top ten causes of death among U. However, in recent years, some male members of the Eskimo society find themselves at a loss with the diminution of the role of hunter and subsistence gatherer. Also houses may have water storage tanks that allow running water as well as sewage storage tanks; both require regular servicing, with water tanks being filled and sewage tanks being emptied at regular intervals. Verb phrasing may differ from that typical of primary English speakers; for example, it is not uncommon to hear an Eskimo saying I will eat my pills rather than I will take my pills. However, the rate of congenital malformations among Alaska Native children was more than twice that of U. The Inuit are not related to the Amerindian peoples , who arrived some millennia before them. From the linguistic point of view, the Inuit are classified into two groups: Those who speak Yupik in Siberia, in the islands of the Bering Sea on the south-west coast of Alaska And those speaking Inupiak or Inuktitut, from the north of Alaska to the east of Greenland. The Nenets formerly Youraks live in western Siberia and the north-east of Europe. The Eskimo : The Inuit and Yupik People Writer

Abundant resources and a milder climate allowed the Native people of Southeast Alaska, the Tlingits, Haidas and Tsimshians, to develop a very sophisticated culture in which the art forms reflect family crests. Some do not return. As the need for individual space arises, individual family members may go on hunting, fishing, or camping trips to meet privacy needs as well as to return to nature. Complex anaphoric processes in Aleut distinguish it radically from Eskimo. In the s and s, military personnel came to Alaska because of its strategic geographical location. Studies comparing Eskimo-Aleut languages to other indigenous North American languages indicate that the former arose separately from the latter. Among the leading causes of infant mortality for both U. Comparative Eskimo dictionary: With Aleut cognates. Since Montagnais speakers refer to the neighbouring Mi'kmaq people using words that sound very much like eskimo, many researchers have concluded that this is the more likely origin of the word. Whites In Eskimo culture it is considered impolite to openly disagree with others. The opinions of successful hunters were given precedence over the opinions of others. Ivory Items and Canadian Customs You can obtain a free permit to avoid a customs fee when carrying ivory items across the Canadian border en route to your non-Canadian destination. Political Structure The political development of Eskimos has evolved into the development of councils, native corporations, and health care corporations. Unemployment among Alaska Natives during the first half of was However, the handshake is considered universally acceptable and a mandatory politeness. The need for a trained medical translator fluent in the appropriate dialect of the Eskimo language cannot be overemphasized, especially when working with elders; translation services are an integral part of services provided by most of the regional Native hospitals. Identify the impact of the adoption of a Western diet and lifestyle on health and illness patterns apparent in persons of Eskimo descent. Speakers have neutral to mild support toward Aleut. The extended family involves the informal adoption of babies between families. Quebec; Maine. They wanted to know why Inuit which I am of dislike being called "Eskimos. The Sakha Republic covers one-fifth of the Russian Federation. Grimes Eskimo-Aleut Languages. A practical grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo language. The term Eskimo has fallen out of favour in Canada and Greenland, where it is considered politically incorrect, largely because of a belief, now usually thought to be incorrect but still popularly held, that the word came from an Algonquian word meaning "eater of raw flesh," and the term Inuit, which means "people" or "the people" in most Inuit languages, has become more common. The other Eskimo branch, Yupik, includes at least three separate languages. There are about , Eskimos and Aleuts, of whom about 90, speak an E[skimo- ]A[leut] language. Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation. The Eskaleut family is established both in Asia and America, but its strongest expansion has been on the American continent, home of 2 peoples who are emblematic of the Arctic: the Yupik Eskimo Inuit of Siberia and Alaska and the Aleuts. The Eskimo : The Inuit and Yupik People Reviews

Many Eskimos still believe that the essence of a dead relative is found in children born around the time of the death of a relative. That is, people took longer to say the name of a word, when the word was less commonly used and vice versa. The reliance on mechanized transportation carries risks. To be isolated from the group meant certain death because an individual could not survive alone for long in the Arctic. Dialects border on being different languages. In fact, this shifting may have strengthened the culture by extending kinships. Aleut is taught in school until the fourth grade. Within the state, the drowning rate for Alaska Natives was almost three times that of non-Native Alaskans 43 vs. More filters. Although animal rights activists annually oppose the race, it is a special event for many Alaskans and is promoted around the world as a tourist attraction. Official Websites. The name that was uttered at the time the child became visible was regarded as the appropriate name, and thereafter that deceased ancestor was believed to become the guardian spirit of the child ;. Speakers have neutral to mild support toward Aleut. Lawrence Island and the facing shore of Chukotka in Siberia. The new, dynamic True Books design features: -- an inviting and interactive page format -- a readable Children's Press is pleased to introduce True Books for a new generation Completely redesigned for today's young, investigative reader, True Books are an indispensable addition to any collection. Kinship boundaries extended beyond blood relations through such practices as wife sharing, hunting partnerships, and the adoption of children. The Canadian Encyclopedia , s. Whites, unintentional injuries ranked fifth and tenth, respectively, as the cause of death. Vocabulary Lexically, Aleut and the Yupik languages contain significant borrowings, for the most part recent: Aleut, Alutiiq, and Central Yupik have borrowed from Russian, and Siberian Yupik from Chukchi. The use of Eskimo, an exonym a name given to a group of people by another group , perpetuates harmful stereotypes of the Inuit as remote and politically insignificant, while also romanticizing the Arctic. In the Important Words section, young readers will find a glossary of words that will both challenge and expand their vocabulary. From through , when the U. Publications Pages Publications Pages. More than half of this number are in Greenland—where, as in much of eastern Canada, the Inuit language remains fully viable. London: Croom Helm. Inactivity and lack of jobs for men have led to alcoholism and family dysfunction. Examination of individual drowning deaths indicated that the use of personal flotation devices i. Ontario; New York. Eskimo is widely thought to be an Algonquian word that means "eater of raw meat. The new elite class in Eskimo society is based on the ability to earn money without regard for old, established kinships and extended families, and a disregard for and severance of family and kinship ties underlie conflicts that may be found in villages today. Both names refer to the indigenous people of the Northern circumpolar region — which embraces parts of Alaska in the US, Siberia in Russia, Canada, and Greenland. Click image for a larger view. If the behavior threatened group survival, the person was ostracized. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. The Emergency Medical Services program at the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation has developed four educational curricula with a specific focus on safety and first-aid issues appropriate for the Alaskan Eskimos. In Alaska and western Canada, Inuit is not spoken by younger generations, and is threatened with extinction. Cancel Save. But I can just look at clothes and houses and say the Aleuts are different. For example, if a family member desires the privacy of a room for a few hours, this request may be accepted as a personal need. Research Paper 7. Unintentional Injury — a. An Aleut two-hatch bidarka, used in seal hunting. New Brunswick; Maine. For the older generation, English is the second language. Ray Daw marked it as to-read Dec 09, Lexically, Aleut and the Yupik languages contain significant borrowings, for the most part recent: Aleut, Alutiiq, and Central Yupik have borrowed from Russian, and Siberian Yupik from Chukchi.

The Eskimo : The Inuit and Yupik People Read Online

Political Structure The political development of Eskimos has evolved into the development of councils, native corporations, and health care corporations. The Yup'ik are unique among native peoples of the Americas in that children are named after the last person in the community to have died. The Yupik believe that no one ever truly dies, but that their soul is part of a cycle in which it is reborn in another generation. Whites vs. Bella Bella ; Haihais ; Oowekeeno. Other crafts produced by the Eskimos of this region include baleen and birch bark baskets, hide and whale bone masks, carvings of whale bone, intricate dolls, and needlecrafts utilizing local furs. The "Silver Hand" and the "Made in Alaska" symbols are your assurance that the items you are buying are authentic Alaskan crafts made by Alaska residents. For thousands of years Alaska's Native peoples have created tools both functional and beautiful; and decorative items crafted from ivory animal skins, bone, wood, grasses, and many other materials. There are more than , other glaciers in Alaska, only a few of which are named. In the presence of pain and illness, however, there is less resistance to physical examination. The seasonally organized economy of these peoples derived from that of their Thule ancestors and focused on the exploitation of both sea John Montagnais; St. In some places the traditional shamanistic exhibitions and masked animal rites persist alongside Western-style square dances. However, scholars like Ives Goddard have argued that those forms only support an Ojibwe root, rather than the understood Innu-aimun origin. Instead, many rurally residing Eskimos use snow machines and all-terrain vehicles ATVs for transportation. As relationships improved between the United States and the Soviet Union, visits by friends and relatives across the Bering Sea were resumed between and Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. However, commercial ranching has remained small; herders participate in the Kawerak Reindeer Herders Association www. Over time, a system of health care, using indigenous residents located in each village, was instituted by the IHS. Eskimo people used harpoons to kill seals, which they hunted either on the ice or from kayaks , skin-covered, one-person canoes. Whales were hunted by using larger boats called umiaks.

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