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Diplomarbeit DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Zeitgenössische Bahnhofsarchitektur am Beispiel des neuen Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhofs Verfasser Lucas Cuturi angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, im März 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. A 315 Studienblatt: Studienrichtung lt. Kunstgeschichte Studienblatt: Betreuerin / Betreuer: Prof. Hans Aurenhammer Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung ...................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Forschungsstand und verwendete Literatur ........................................................................ 5 2. Bahnhofsbau an der Wende zum 21. Jahrhundert .......................................................7 2.1 Gründe für Aus­ bzw. Neubauten .............................................................................................. 8 2.2 Unterschiedliche Arten von Bahnhöfen ...............................................................................12 2.3 Beispiele für den zeitgenössischen Bahnhofsbau .............................................................12 2.3.1 Bahnhofsbauten von Norman Foster ............................................................................................ 13 2.3.1.1 Canary Wharf Underground Station, London, England 1991‐1999 (Abb. 1) ........................14 2.3.1.2 Sanierung des Dresdner Hauptbahnhofes 1997‐2003 (Abb. 3)..................................................15 2.3.1.3 Expo MRT Station Singapur 1997‐2001 (Abb. 5) ..............................................................................17 2.3.2 Bahnhofsbauten von Santiago Calatrava ..................................................................................... 18 2.3.2.1 Stadelhofen in Zürich 1982‐1990 (Abb. 8 & 9)...................................................................................18 2.3.2.2 TGV‐Bahnhof am Flughafen Lyon‐Saint Exupéry 1989‐1994 (Abb. 10 & 11) ......................19 2.3.2.3 Oriente Station, Lissabon, Portugal 1993‐1998 (Abb. 12 & 13)..................................................20 2.3.2.4 Hauptbahnhof von Liége 1997‐2009 (Abb. 14 & 15).......................................................................21 3. Vorraussetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen ............................................................23 3.1 Wirtschaftliche Überlegungen.................................................................................................23 3.2 Das Synergiekonzept Stuttgart 21..........................................................................................24 3.2.1 Aus dem Protokoll der Gutachterkommission .......................................................................... 28 3.2.1.1 Das Urteil der Gutachterkommission zum Projekt von Trojan, Trojan + Neu ......................28 3.2.1.2 Das Zusammenfassende Urteil...................................................................................................................30 3.3 Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhofs bis zum Bonatzbau 30 3.3.1 Geschichtliche Entwicklung............................................................................................................... 31 3.3.2 Das Gutachten des Preisgerichtes (Abb. 24) .............................................................................. 31 3.3.3 Entwicklungsprozess des Entwurfs ............................................................................................... 33 3.3.4 Baugeschichte des Bahnhofes (1914‐1928)............................................................................... 34 3.3.5 Baubeschreibung.................................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.5.1 Der Grundriss (Abb. 26)................................................................................................................................35 3.3.5.2 Der Aufriss..........................................................................................................................................................36 3.3.5.3 Verwendung von Materialien.....................................................................................................................37 3.3.5.4 Betrachtungen zur Form (Diskussion zum Bonatzbau) .................................................................38 3.4 Leben und Werk von Paul Bonatz...........................................................................................39 3.4.1 Reformarchitektur ................................................................................................................................ 39 4. Der Bahnhofswettbewerb für das Projekt Stuttgart 21...........................................41 4.1 Zur Stuttgarter Bahnhofssituation.........................................................................................41 4.2 Entscheidungsfindung ................................................................................................................42 4.2.1 Erste Entscheidung................................................................................................................................ 42 4.2.2 Zweite Entscheidung ............................................................................................................................ 43 4.2.3 Zusammenfassung und Analyse der Wettbewerbsprojekte................................................ 44 5. Der neue Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhof ..............................................................................45 5.1 Die Zugänge und die unterschiedlichen Ebenen ...............................................................48 5.1.1 Zugänge (Abb. 40).................................................................................................................................. 48 5.1.2 Die Ebenen (Abb. 41)............................................................................................................................ 49 Ebene +1..................................................................................................................................................................................49 Ebene 0 ....................................................................................................................................................................................49 Ebene ‐1...................................................................................................................................................................................50 Ebene ‐2...................................................................................................................................................................................50 5.2 Innengestaltung des Bonatz­Baus ..........................................................................................50 5.3 Erläuterungen zur Bepflanzung und Parkgestaltung auf der Gewölbeschale.........51 5.3.1 Stuttgarter Schlossgarten ................................................................................................................... 51 5.3.2 Kurt Georg Kiesinger Platz................................................................................................................. 52 5.3.3 Straßburger Platz................................................................................................................................... 53 1 5.3.4 Schlossgarten ........................................................................................................................................... 53 5.3.5 Wege im Park ........................................................................................................................................... 54 5.3.6 Stadtbahnhaltestelle / Gebhard Müller Platz / Bahnhofszugang Staatsgalerie.......... 55 5.4 Tragwerk.........................................................................................................................................55 5.4.1 Zum Entstehungsprozess des Entwurfs....................................................................................... 56 5.4.2 Die unterschiedlichen Formfindungsphasen............................................................................. 57 5.4.3 Zur Konstruktion der überdachten Zugänge.............................................................................. 57 5.4.4 Zur Konstruktion der gesamten Gewölbeschale ...................................................................... 58 5.4.5 Zur Konstruktion der Lichtaugen.................................................................................................... 59 5.4.6 Zur Prävention von Erdbeben .......................................................................................................... 60 5.5 Gedanken zu Konstruktion und Form des Gebäudes.......................................................62 5.6 Bemerkungen zur Opposition der beiden Gebäudetypen..............................................66 5.7 Wirtschaftliche Überlegungen zum Bau des neuen Stuttgarter Hauptbahnhofs ...67 5.8 Reaktionen und Kritik................................................................................................................68 5.9 Gegenprojekt bzw. Alternativlösung .....................................................................................71 6. Das Team: Christoph Ingenhoven und Frei Otto........................................................72 6.1 Christoph Ingenhoven: Lebenslauf, Einflüsse, Projekte .................................................72 6.1.1 Über die
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