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A Scrupulous and Silent Rationalist: the Architect Ayhan Tayman

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A Scrupulous and Silent Rationalist: the Architect Ayhan Tayman A SCRUPULOUS AND SILENT RATIONALIST: THE ARCHITECT AYHAN TAYMAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MEHMET ZAFER AKAY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE IN ARCHITECTURE JULY 2018 Approval of the thesis: A SCRUPULOUS AND SILENT RATIONALIST: THE ARCHITECT AYHAN TAYMAN submitted by MEHMET ZAFER AKAY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Halil Kalıpçılar __________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Cana Bilsel __________________ Head of Department, Architecture Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Ayşen Savaş __________________ Supervisor, Architecture Dept., METU Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Aydan Balamir __________________ Architecture Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Ayşen Savaş __________________ Architecture Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Tomris Elvan Altan __________________ Architecture Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Atilla Yücel __________________ Architecture Dept., Maltepe University Prof. Dr. İpek Akpınar __________________ Architecture Dept., Abdullah Gül University Date: 03.07.2018 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name: Akay, Mehmet Zafer Signature: iv ABSTRACT A SCRUPULOUS AND SILENT RATIONALIST: THE ARCHITECT AYHAN TAYMAN Akay, Mehmet Zafer M.Arch., Department of Architecture Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayşen Savaş July 2018, 165 pages Ayhan Tayman, studied architecture in the second half of the 1940's in the Istanbul Technical University and worked as an assistant of Paul Bonatz who dominated the architectural scene of the country as well as educational approach of the school. He participated extensively in architectural competitions in the 1950s, working with different partners including Enver Tokay. In the 1960's he was oriented towards a totally different field, constructing his own housing designs, working as a contractor- investor mainly on a flat for land basis. He archived his drawings carefully creating an important accumulation of professional documents from the 1960's and 1970's. Keywords: Ayhan Tayman, rationalist architecture, architectural archive, contractor- architect v ÖZ TİTİZ VE SESSİZ RASYONALİST: MİMAR AYHAN TAYMAN Akay, Mehmet Zafer Yüksek Lisans, Mimarlık Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. Ayşen Savaş Temmuz 2018, 165 sayfa Ayhan Tayman, 1940'ların ikinci yarısında İstanbul Teknik Üniversite'sinde mimarlık eğitimi gördü ve okulun eğitim yaklaşımı yanı sıra ülkenin mimarlık sahnesinde belirleyici bir konum üstlenen Paul Bonatz'ın asistanı olarak çalıştı. 1950'lerde, aralarında Enver Tokay'ın da bulunduğu farklı ortaklarla mimarlık yarışmalarına yoğun olarak katıldı. 1960'ların başında ise tümüyle farklı bir yönde, çoğunlukla kat karşılığı temelinde çalışan bir yatırımcı-yüklenici olarak, kendi inşa ettiği konut yapılarına yöneldi. Dikkatle arşivlediği çizimleri, 1960'lar ve 1970'lerin profesyonel belgeleri olarak önemli bir birikim oluşturuyor. Anahtar kelimeler: Ayhan Tayman, rasyonalist mimarlık, mimarlık arşivi, müteahhit- mimar vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v ÖZ ............................................................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xi CHAPTERS ................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 2. A RATIONALIST ARCHITECT IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR TURKEY ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Ayhan Tayman as a Representative of the Rationalist Movements in Turkey .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Rationalist Movements in Modern Architecture and the Developments of the International Style in Post-war America ...................................................... 14 2.3 Orientation of Buildings Towards the Sun as a Plausible Theme of Rationalist Architecture ..................................................................................... 16 2.4 Rationalism in Turkish Architecture of the Post-war Period ....................... 22 2.5 References of Tokay and Tayman's Rationalism from Other Parts of the World ................................................................................................................. 28 3. METHODOLOGY: UNFOLDING AN ARCHIVE, A CHRONOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE PHASES OF TAYMAN'S ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE ................................................................................................................ 33 3.1 Photographical material ............................................................................... 36 3.2 Drawing archive ........................................................................................... 37 3.3 Ephemera and other various material ........................................................... 39 4. FORMATION AND EDUCATION OF A RATIONALIST ARCHITECT ......... 41 4.1 Education at the Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Architecture in the Late 1940's ......................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Paul Bonatz as an Educator and his Influence in the Late 1940's ................ 45 4.3 Tayman's Student Work with Paul Bonatz .................................................. 47 5. AYHAN TAYMAN'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS IN THE 1950'S AND EARLY 1960'S ........................................ 51 5.1 The Role of Architectural Competitions in the Development of a Modernist- Rationalist Architecture in Republican Turkey ................................................. 52 5.2 Competitions as a Means of Rationalist Approach in the Architectural Climate of the 1950's and their Documentation ................................................. 53 5.3 Early competitions by Ayhan Tayman in collaboration with the ITU teaching staff, 1951 ............................................................................................ 54 5.4 Various prizes in Typical Projects for Ziraat Bank Branches and Agencies Competition, with İlhami Ural, Kadri Kalaycıoğlu and Bedii Görkem, 1952 ... 55 5.5 First prize in the competition for Izmir Fair Exhibition House with Gündüz Özdeş, 1953 ........................................................................................................ 56 vii 5.6 Competititon Projects during Tayman's assistantship in ITU, mainly in Collaboration with Doğan Kuban, 1953 ............................................................ 57 5.7 Early Collaboration and Competition entries with Yılmaz Sanlı: 1953-54 . 59 5.8 Competition Projects in Collaboration with Enver Tokay, 1954-55 ............ 62 5.9 Renovation and Additions to Ankara University School of Political Sciences with Enver Tokay, 1955 ..................................................................................... 66 5.10 Competition entries after Behruz Çinici joining the group, 1955-56 ......... 67 5.11 International Competition project for Erzurum Atatürk University Campus with Enver Tokay, Hayati Tabanlıoğlu and Behruz Çinici, 1955-60................. 69 5.12 Competiton projects in collaboration with Behruz Çinici, 1955-58 .......... 75 5.13 Competition projects by Tayman himself, 1959-60 ................................... 77 5.14 Contributions to bigger groups including Yılmaz Sanlı and Perran Doğancı, besides Behruz Çinici, 1959-61 .......................................................... 80 5.15 Tayman's last competition projects, 1961-64 ............................................. 83 6. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS REALIZED BY AYHAN TAYMAN .................................................................................................................. 87 6.1 Housing production by small investors in the city center ............................ 88 6.2 Role of the architect in the “build-sell” system and Tayman’s position ...... 90 6.3 Architectural design of apartments as a tool of modernization .................... 92 6.4 Early residential projects by Ayhan Tayman ............................................... 97 6.5 First apartment block realized by Ayhan Tayman as his own investment in Beşiktaş, 1962 .................................................................................................... 99 6.6 Early apartments realized by Ayhan Tayman in Teşvikiye area 1962-67 . 100 6.7 Apartments in Nişantaşı area, 1968-76 ...................................................... 102 6.8 Tayman + Ayhan Apartments in Etiler, Nispetiye
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