DOCSLIB.ORG

Monomeric Organosilicon Compounds with Polyfunctional Groups Dwain R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Monomeric Organosilicon Compounds with Polyfunctional Groups Dwain R Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1965 Monomeric organosilicon compounds with polyfunctional groups Dwain R. Chapman Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Chapman, Dwain R., "Monomeric organosilicon compounds with polyfunctional groups " (1965). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3338. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3338 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been . micro&hned exactly as received 66-3860 CHAPMAN, Dwain R, 1929- MONOMERIC ORGANOSnJCON COMPOUNDS WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL GROUPS. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1965 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan MONOMERIC ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS . WITH POLYPUNCTIONAL GROUPS by Dwain R Chapman A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Organic Chemistry Approved Signature was redacted for privacy. In Chai^ge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1965 11 TABLE OP CONTENTS' Page INTRODUCTION , 1 NOMENCLATURE 3• HISTORICAL 5 Cyclosilanes 5 Reactions of Cyclosilanes 6 Reactions of the Silicon-Silicon Bond 12 The Ultraviolet Absorption Properties 21 of Polysilanes Heterocyclic Polysilanes 23 . EXPERIMENTAL 28 Preparation of Cyclosilanes 30 Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane. 30 Decaphenylcyclopentasilane (Ila) 31 Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane 32 % Reactions of Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane 33 Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane with 33 , . phosphorus pentachloride In benzene 33 Tn xylene 33 Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane with 34 phosphorus trichloride (attempted). Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane with . 34 chlorine In carbon tetrachloride 34 In ether 34 In petroleum ether (b.p. 60-70 C) 36 In n-pentane 36 In ether containing hydroquinone ' 36 Ill Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with anhydrous hydrogen chloride Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with p,0'-dlchlorodlethyl ether Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with a hexachlorocyclohexane Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with ^-butyl chloride In xylene In decalln Dehydrohalogenatlon of t-butyl chloride In decalln (attempted) In £-dlchlorobenzene Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with 2-chlorobutane Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with n-butyl chloride (attempted) In xylene In £-dlchlorobenzene Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane with jb-butyl bromide Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane and nitrobenzene a,u)-Octaphenyltetrasilane Derivatives IH,4-Bromooctaphenyltetrasllane and t^butyl bromide 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Octaphenyltetrasilan-lol IH,4-Methyloctaphenyltetrasllane 1,4-Dlpropoxyoctaphenyltetrasilane (attempted) IH,4-Propoxyoctaphenyltetrasilane iy • Condensation of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4- octaphenyltetrasilan-l-ol • In 900 formic acid (attempted) In 980 formic acid (attempted) IH,4-Chlorooctàphenyltetrasllane with phenyllithiiam In tetrahydrofuran at room temperature Q In tetrahydrofuran at -30 C In tetrahydrofuran at -70°C 1H,4-Chlorooctaphenyltetrasilane and phenylmagnesium bromide (attempted) lH,4-Chlorooctaphenyltetrasilane and phenylmagnesium iodide (attempted) Reactions of Decaphenylcyclopentasilane Decaphenylcyclopentasilane with phosphorus pentachloride In benzene in a 1:2 molar ratio (attempted) In benzene in a 1:5 molar ratio In 1,1,2,2-tetraohloroethane In carbon tetrachloride Decaphenylcyclopentasilane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethané Decaphenylcyclopentasilane with chlorine In ether Decaphenylcyclopentasilane with hydrogen halides (attempted) Decaphenylcyclopentasilane with organic halides (attempted) . Decaphenylcyclopentasilane with hydrogen chloride at high pressure , Page Decaphenylcyclopentasilane and 63 nitrobenzene Dodecaphenylcyclohexasilane and 65 nitrobenzene (attempted) Hexaphenyldisilane and nitro- 65 benzene (attempted) l,5-Dihydroxydecaphenylpenta8llane 65 1,5-Di-n-Propoxydecaphenylpentasilane 66 1,3-Diallyloxyd e caphenylcyclopentasilane 66 Dodecaphenylpentasilane 67 1,5-Dibromodecaphenylpentasilane with 68 phenylmagnesium bromide Reactions of Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane 69 Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane with 69 hydrogen chloride In benzene (attempted) 69 In petroleum ether (b.p, 60-70°C) 69 (attempted) In chloroform (attempted) 70 In carbon tetrachloride 70 (attempted) In £-dichlorobenzene 70 In xylene 72 In dichloromethane 75 Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane and 76 hydrogen chloride at high pressures In a 1:3 molar ratio 76 In a 1:2 molar ratio 78 In a 1:4 molar ratio . 79 Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane and 83 _t-butyl chloride A 1:4 molar ratio pressure reaction 83 At atmospheric pressure 84 In o-dichlorobenzene 84 vi a,uj-Substituted Polydimethylsilanes 1.4-Dichlorooctamethyltetrasilane with Jb-butyl chloride The characterization of new compounds in the Cl-fSiMeg)^-? series 1-Chloro-lJ1,2,2-tetramethyldi8ilane 1-Chloro-l,1,2,2,3J 3-hexamethyltrisilane 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-0ctamethylt etra- silane l-Chloro-l,l,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-decamethyl- pentasilane l-Chloro-l,l,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-dodeca- methylhexasilane 1.5-Dichloro-l,l,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5- decamethylpentasilane Diphenyl derivatives 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Octamethyltetrasilane 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Decamethylpenta- . silane Preparations and Reactions of Heterocyclic Polysilanes Octaphenyloxatetrasilacyclopentane Octaphenyloxatetrasilacyclopentane with phosphorus pentachloride In 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane In benzene Octaphenyloxat etrasila cyclopentane with chlorine Hydrolysis of l-chloro-3-(chlorodiphenyl- siloxy)-l,1,2,2,3,3-hexaphenyltrisilane (XII) vii Octaphenyl-1,3- and 1,4-dloxaoota- phenyltetrasllacyclohexane l-Chloro-5-(chlorodiphenylsilyl)- 96 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexaphenyltrlsiloxane 1.6-Dlchloro-l,l,3,3,4,4,6,6-octaphenyl- 96 2.5-dioxa-l,3,4,5-tetrasllahexane In petroleum ether 96 In n-pentane 97 In carbon tetrachloride- 98 petroleum ether Hydrolysis of l-chloro-5-(chlorodiphenyl- 99 8llyl)-l,l,3,3,5,5-hexaphenyltrisiloxane (Xltl) At 30-40°C qq At 98°C 99 Hydrolysis of l-(diphenylpropoxysilyl)- 101 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexaphenyl-5-propoxytri- siloxane (XVI) The pyrolysis of l-(diphenylpropoxysilyl)- 102 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexaphenyl-5-propoxytri- 8iloxane (XVI) Hydrolysis of l,6-dichloro-l,l,3,3,4,4- 102 6.6-octaphenyl-2,5-dioxa-l,3,4,6- tetrasilahexane (XIV) With hydrogen chloride 103 1.7-Dichloro-l,1,3,3,5,5,7,7-octaphenyl- 104 tetrasiloxane In carbon tetrachloride-petroleura 104 ether In petroleum ether 104 Octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane 105 Octaphenyloxatetrasilacyclopentane (iVa) 106 with nitrobenzene 0ctaphenyl-l,3-dioxa-2,4,5,6-tetrasila- 108 cyclohexane with nitrobenzene viii Octaphenyl-1,4-dioxa-2,3,5,6-tetra- silacyclohexane with nitrobenzene DISCUSSION The Chlorination of Perphenylated Cyclosilanes The Chlorination of Heterocyclic Polysilanes The Oxidation of Polysilanes with Nitrobenzene The Hydrohalogenation of Octaphenyl- cyclotetrasilane The Hydrohalogenation of Decaphenyl- cy cl op ent a s il an e The Hydrohalogenation of Dodecamethyl- cyclohexasilane Some Observations on a,u)-Polydiphenyl- silane Derivatives Suggestions for Further Research SUrmRY LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION Previous interest in organosllicon chemistry has been largely dominated by certain polymeric compounds containing alternate silicon atoms such as the so-called silicones. Studies of the chemistry of silicon have dealt with relatively few compounds containing more than two silicon atoms bonded to each other. However, in recent years technical skills have enabled investigators to prepare and characterize an in­ creasing number of polysilanes of chain lengths seemingly limited only to the present skill and modes available. At the time this investigation was begun several organic substituted cyclosilanes had been characterized and were readily available. Some investigations had been made in the use of these compounds as precursors to formerly unavailable organosllicon compounds. Only a few heterocyclic compounds containing silicon-silicon bonds had been prepared and little or no study had been made of the reactions of these compounds. It had been observed that the presence of a silicon atom in a cyclic compound gave a reactivity to that compound unlike analogous linear compounds. It had also been demonstrated that the reactivity with certain reagents was dependent on ring size. The present investigation was begun to make use of some readily available cyclosilanes and heterocyclic polysllane compounds in a further investigation of their reactivity and. 2 if possible, to initiate.studies of linear polysilanes con­ taining various functional groups by heretofore unused or unknown routes. Such new compounds afford the opportunity of expanding- the present knowledge of the physical properties as well as contributing to the spectrographic studies of organ- opolysilane compounds. Attention was directed toward the ultraviolet and infrared properties of compounds containing the silicon-silicon bond. 3 NOMENCLATURE^ In naming organosilicon compounds having silicon chains, the rules of nomenclature recommended by the Commission of Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Synthesis and Consecutive Reactions of Α-Azido Ketones: a Review
    Molecules 2015, 20, 14699-14745; doi:10.3390/molecules200814699 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Synthesis and Consecutive Reactions of α-Azido Ketones: A Review Sadia Faiz 1,†, Ameer Fawad Zahoor 1,*, Nasir Rasool 1,†, Muhammad Yousaf 1,†, Asim Mansha 1,†, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq 2,† and Hawa Z. E. Jaafar 3,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan, E-Mails: [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (N.R.); [email protected] (M.Y.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore-54600, Pakistan; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, Malaysia † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.F.Z.); [email protected] (H.Z.E.J.); Tel.: +92-333-6729186 (A.F.Z.); Fax: +92-41-9201032 (A.F.Z.). Academic Editors: Richard A. Bunce, Philippe Belmont and Wim Dehaen Received: 20 April 2015 / Accepted: 3 June 2015 / Published: 13 August 2015 Abstract: This review paper covers the major synthetic approaches attempted towards the synthesis of α-azido ketones, as well as the synthetic applications/consecutive reactions of α-azido ketones. Keywords: α-azido ketones; synthetic applications; heterocycles; click reactions; drugs; azides 1. Introduction α-Azido ketones are very versatile and valuable synthetic intermediates, known for their wide variety of applications, such as in amine, imine, oxazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and amide alkaloid formation, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan MONOMERIC ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS
    This dissertation has been . micro&hned exactly as received 66-3860 CHAPMAN, Dwain R, 1929- MONOMERIC ORGANOSnJCON COMPOUNDS WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL GROUPS. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1965 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan MONOMERIC ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS . WITH POLYPUNCTIONAL GROUPS by Dwain R Chapman A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Organic Chemistry Approved Signature was redacted for privacy. In Chai^ge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1965 11 TABLE OP CONTENTS' Page INTRODUCTION , 1 NOMENCLATURE 3• HISTORICAL 5 Cyclosilanes 5 Reactions of Cyclosilanes 6 Reactions of the Silicon-Silicon Bond 12 The Ultraviolet Absorption Properties 21 of Polysilanes Heterocyclic Polysilanes 23 . EXPERIMENTAL 28 Preparation of Cyclosilanes 30 Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane. 30 Decaphenylcyclopentasilane (Ila) 31 Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane 32 % Reactions of Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane 33 Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane with 33 , . phosphorus pentachloride In benzene 33 Tn xylene 33 Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane with 34 phosphorus trichloride (attempted). Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane with . 34 chlorine In carbon tetrachloride 34 In ether 34 In petroleum ether (b.p. 60-70 C) 36 In n-pentane 36 In ether containing hydroquinone ' 36 Ill Octaphenylcyclotetrasllane
    [Show full text]
  • Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical
    STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ∆ ° –1 ∆ ° –1 ° –1 –1 –1 –1 Molecular fH /kJ mol fG /kJ mol S /J mol K Cp/J mol K formula Name Crys. Liq. Gas Crys. Liq. Gas Crys. Liq. Gas Crys. Liq. Gas Ac Actinium 0.0 406.0 366.0 56.5 188.1 27.2 20.8 Ag Silver 0.0 284.9 246.0 42.6 173.0 25.4 20.8 AgBr Silver(I) bromide -100.4 -96.9 107.1 52.4 AgBrO3 Silver(I) bromate -10.5 71.3 151.9 AgCl Silver(I) chloride -127.0 -109.8 96.3 50.8 AgClO3 Silver(I) chlorate -30.3 64.5 142.0 AgClO4 Silver(I) perchlorate -31.1 AgF Silver(I) fluoride -204.6 AgF2 Silver(II) fluoride -360.0 AgI Silver(I) iodide -61.8 -66.2 115.5 56.8 AgIO3 Silver(I) iodate -171.1 -93.7 149.4 102.9 AgNO3 Silver(I) nitrate -124.4 -33.4 140.9 93.1 Ag2 Disilver 410.0 358.8 257.1 37.0 Ag2CrO4 Silver(I) chromate -731.7 -641.8 217.6 142.3 Ag2O Silver(I) oxide -31.1 -11.2 121.3 65.9 Ag2O2 Silver(II) oxide -24.3 27.6 117.0 88.0 Ag2O3 Silver(III) oxide 33.9 121.4 100.0 Ag2O4S Silver(I) sulfate -715.9 -618.4 200.4 131.4 Ag2S Silver(I) sulfide (argentite) -32.6 -40.7 144.0 76.5 Al Aluminum 0.0 330.0 289.4 28.3 164.6 24.4 21.4 AlB3H12 Aluminum borohydride -16.3 13.0 145.0 147.0 289.1 379.2 194.6 AlBr Aluminum monobromide -4.0 -42.0 239.5 35.6 AlBr3 Aluminum tribromide -527.2 -425.1 180.2 100.6 AlCl Aluminum monochloride -47.7 -74.1 228.1 35.0 AlCl2 Aluminum dichloride -331.0 AlCl3 Aluminum trichloride -704.2 -583.2 -628.8 109.3 91.1 AlF Aluminum monofluoride -258.2 -283.7 215.0 31.9 AlF3 Aluminum trifluoride -1510.4 -1204.6 -1431.1 -1188.2 66.5 277.1 75.1 62.6 AlF4Na Sodium tetrafluoroaluminate
    [Show full text]
  • Preparation and Stability of Phenylated Polysilanes Gerald Lee Schwebke Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1964 Preparation and stability of phenylated polysilanes Gerald Lee Schwebke Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Schwebke, Gerald Lee, "Preparation and stability of phenylated polysilanes " (1964). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 3008. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/3008 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—9285 microfilmed exactly as received SCHWEBKE, Gerald Lee, 1937- PREPARATION AND STABILITY OF PHENYLATED PO LYSILANES. Iowa State University of Science and Technology Ph.D., 1964 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan PREPARATION AND STABILITY OF PHENYLATED POLYSILANES by Gerald Lee Schwebke A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Organic Chemistry Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Change of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1964 il TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION NOMENCLATURE HISTORICAL Polysilanes Structure and Properties of the Cyclosilanes Chemistry of the Silicon-Silicon Bond Derivatives of Octaphenylcyclotetrasilane Polysilanes Derived from Decaphenylcyclo- pentasilane EXPERIMENTAL Stability of Alkyllithium Compounds in Mixed Solvent Systems Preparation of n-butyllithium in diethyl ether Preparation of n-decyllithium and n-tetradecyllithium in diethyl ether Preparation of n-decyllithium.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,879,310 B2 Spear Et Al
    US00787931 OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,879,310 B2 Spear et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 1, 2011 (54) SILANES ASA SOURCE OF HYDROGEN 5,328,779 A 7, 1994 Tannenberger et al. ........ 429/32 5,508,128 A 4/1996 Akagi ......................... 429/30 (75) Inventors: Scott K. Spear, Bankston, AL (US); 5,650,132 A 7/1997 Murata et al. ............... 423,650 Daniel T. Daly, Tuscaloosa, AL (US); 5,741,408 A 4/1998 Helmer-Metzmann Richard P. Swatloski, Tuscaloosa, AL et al. ............................... 13.8 (US); Raymond E. Paggi, Winchester, 5,840,270 A 1 1/1998 Werth ......................... 423,658 VA (US); Michael D. Redemer, 5,858,541 A 1/1999 Hiraoka et al. .... ... 428,429 Danville, CA (US) 6,060,026 A 5/2000 Goldstein et al. ........... 422, 186 (73) Assignee: Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL (US) (Continued) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U.S.C. 154(b) by 1156 days. SU 1286,506 4f1985 (21) Appl. No.: 11/497,638 (22) Filed: Aug. 2, 2006 (Continued) Prior Publication Data (65) OTHER PUBLICATIONS US 2010/O255392 A1 Oct. 7, 2010 Harreld, John H. et al., Surfactant and pH-mediated Control over the Related U.S. Application Data Molecular Structure of Poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) Resins, 2002, Chem. Mater, 14, pp. 1174-1182.* (60) Provisional application No. 60/705.331, filed on Aug. 3, 2005. (Continued) (51) Int. Cl. Primary Examiner David M. Brunsman COIB 3/02 (2006.01) Assistant Examiner Kevin MJohnson HOLM 8/06 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm McKeon Meunier Carlin & Curfman LLC (52) U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideal Gas Thermochemistry of Silicon Inorganic Organic and Ion Compounds
    This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Alexander Burcat, Elke Goos, Ideal gas thermochemical properties of silicon containing inorganic, organic compounds, radicals, and ions, Int J Chem Kinet. 2018;50:633–650, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.21188. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. 1 Ideal Gas Thermochemical Properties of Silicon containing Inorganic, Organic Compounds, Radicals and Ions. Alexander Burcat Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, [email protected] and Elke Goos, Institute of Combustion Technology, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR, German Aerospace Center), Pfaffenwaldring 38, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [email protected] ABSTRACT The ideal gas thermochemical properties such as standard heat of formation, entropy and heat capacities of 112 inorganic and 35 organic neutral compounds, radicals and ions containing silicon were calculated using molecular properties obtained with the G3B3 (or G3//B3LYP) method. Among them were linear and cyclic silanes, silenes, hydrocarbonsilanes, fluorine and oxygen containing compounds. Many of their molecular and thermodynamic properties were calculated for the first time and 16 of them had no CAS No. Additionally the thermochemical properties were presented in the NASA 7-term polynomial format for the temperature range of 200 K to 6000 K commonly used in chemical kinetic modeling and simulation programs. The polynomials are available in the supplement to this article free of charge. 2 KEYWORDS Thermodynamic data, Thermochemistry, Thermochemical properties, Heat of formation, Entropy, Enthalpy, Heat capacity, NASA format, Quantum chemical calculation, G3B3 composite approach, Silicon hydride, Silanes, Silicon fluoride, Silicon hydrocarbon, Silicon ions, Silicon compounds, Database INTRODUCTION Silicon containing substances are widely used and important for the mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • This Table Gives the Standard State Chemical Thermodynamic Properties of About 2500 Individual Substances in the Crystalline, Liquid, and Gaseous States
    STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES This table gives the standard state chemical thermodynamic properties of about 2500 individual substances in the crystalline, liquid, and gaseous states. Substances are listed by molecular formula in a modified Hill order; all substances not containing carbon appear first, followed by those that contain carbon. The properties tabulated are: DfH° Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol DfG° Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol S° Standard molar entropy at 298.15 K in J/mol K Cp Molar heat capacity at constant pressure at 298.15 K in J/mol K The standard state pressure is 100 kPa (1 bar). The standard states are defined for different phases by: • The standard state of a pure gaseous substance is that of the substance as a (hypothetical) ideal gas at the standard state pressure. • The standard state of a pure liquid substance is that of the liquid under the standard state pressure. • The standard state of a pure crystalline substance is that of the crystalline substance under the standard state pressure. An entry of 0.0 for DfH° for an element indicates the reference state of that element. See References 1 and 2 for further information on reference states. A blank means no value is available. The data are derived from the sources listed in the references, from other papers appearing in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, and from the primary research literature. We are indebted to M. V. Korobov for providing data on fullerene compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2005)
    NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY IUPAC Recommendations 2005 IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements 118 1 2 21314151617 H He 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3456 78910 11 12 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 55 56 * 57− 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba lanthanoids Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 87 88 ‡ 89− 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Fr Ra actinoids Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo * 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu ‡ 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC RECOMMENDATIONS 2005 Issued by the Division of Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation in collaboration with the Division of Inorganic Chemistry Prepared for publication by Neil G.
    [Show full text]
  • IONIZATION ENERGIES of GAS-PHASE MOLECULES Sharon G
    IONIZATION ENERGIES OF GAS-PHASE MOLECULES Sharon G. Lias This table presents values for the first ionization energies (IP) of approximately 1000 molecules and atoms. Substances are listed by molecular formula in the modified Hill order (see introduction). Values enclosed in parentheses are considered not to be well established. Data appearing in the 1988 reference, were updated in 1996 for inclusion in the database of ionization energies available at the Internet site of the Standard Reference Data program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (http://webbook.nist.gov). The list appearing here includes these updates. ∆ The list also includes values for enthalpies of formation of the ions at 298 K, fHion, given according to the ion convention used by mass ∆ spectrometrists; to convert these values to the electron convention used by thermodynamicists, add 6 kJ/mol. Details on the calculation of fHion as well as data for a much larger number of molecules, may be found in the reference and on the Internet site. REFERENCE Lias, S.G., Bartmess, J.E., Liebman, J.F., Holmes, J.L., Levin, R.D., and Mallard, W.G., Gas-Phase Ion and Neutral Thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 17, Suppl. No. 1, 1988. ∆ Mol. f Hion Form. Name IP/eV kJ/mol Substances not containing carbon Ac Actinium 5.17 905 Ag Silver 7.57624 1016 AgCl Silver(I) chloride (≤ 10.08) ≤ 1065 AgF Silver(I) fluoride (11.0 ± 0.3) 1071 Al Aluminum 5.98577 905 AlBr Aluminum monobromide (9.3) 913 AlBr3 Aluminum tribromide (10.4) 593 AlCl Aluminum monochloride 9.4
    [Show full text]
  • Properties and Hazards of 108 Selected Substances -1992 Edition
    U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS OF 108 SELECTED SUBSTANCES -1992 EDITION Jeffrey E. Lucius1, Gary R. Olhoeft1, Patricia L. Hill1, and Steven K. Duke2 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-527 September 1992 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1 Golden, CO, USA 2 now with Woodward-Clyde Consultants, 2020 E. First Street, Suite 900, Santa Ana, CA 92705 iii CONTENTS List of Tables ....................................................... vi Notice ............................................................... vii Introduction ......................................................... 1 Properties Definitions ................................................... 4 Key to Abbreviations .......................................... 13 Conversion Factors ............................................ 16 Tables .............................................................. 18 Substances .............................. GAS RN Acetic acid .................... 64-19-7 .................. 70 Acetone ........................ 67-64-1 .................. 75 Acrolein ....................... 107-02-8 .................. 81 Acrylonitrile .................. 107-13-1 .................. 85 Aldrin ......................... 309-00-2 .................. 89 Ammonia ........................ 7664-41-7 .................. 92
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Basic Silicone Chemistry By
    [ 01 ft< 58449 > OU_1 [g ^ CD ^ C/) LI ' Call No. - ~L> Accession No. Author fidCJi*lO. Tak CL^v betew. This book should be re/Urned on or before the date last marked An Introduction to the CHEMISTRY of the SILICONES An Introduction to the CHEMISTRY of the SILICONES By EUGENE G. ROCHOW Research Laboratory, General Electric Company NEW YORK: JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. LONDON: CHAPMAN & HALL, LIMITED COPYRIGHT, 1946 BY EUGENE G. ROCHOW AU Rights Reserved This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. SECOND PRINTING, MARCH, 1947 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA To P. G. F. PREFACE The organic compounds of silicon, which have been the subject of many scholarly researches during the past 80 years, at last show promise of emerging from the laboratory and finding a place in industry. An understanding of the behavior of organosilicon materials is necessary to their intelligent use and, inasmuch as the chemistry of these substances ordinarily is not treated in our textbooks, it is possible that a compact yet comprehensive survey of our present knowledge in this field would be of service to chemists, engineers, and industrial designers. This volume has just such a purpose. The first few chapters review the silanes and their derivatives in some detail, in order to provide an understanding of the fundamental chemistry of the nonsilicate com- pounds of silicon. The later chapters emphasize the silicone polymers which have achieved commercial importance and deal with the methods for their preparation, their chemical and physical properties, and their possible usas.
    [Show full text]
  • 2006 Program
    2006 ACS ntral Regional Meeting and 39th licon Symposium Abstract Book Table of Contents Abstract Book ............................................................................................................. 1 Plenary Lecture: Ecology, Economy, and the Sea............................................................ 14 1. Ecology, Economy and the Sea ................................................................................ 14 Advanced Materials for Portable Energy Devices............................................................ 14 2. Studies of Fast Ionic Conductors using 6Li/7Li Solid-State 2D Exchange NMR.... 14 3. “Understanding Surface Instabilities In Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries: An experimental and theoretical investigation'”................................................................. 15 4. Composite Cathode Structure/Property Relationships.............................................. 15 5. Highly Efficient Compact Power Sources Based on Direct Fuel Alkaline Energy Cells With Low Resistivity Membrane Materials ........................................................ 16 6. An Overview of Hydrogen Sorption Measurements and their Impacts on Hydrogen Storage Materials Research........................................................................................... 16 Biotechnology I................................................................................................................. 17 7. Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymer Synthesis and Modification Reactions........................ 17 8. Better proteins
    [Show full text]