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Acknowledgments IamdeeplygratefultoErnstMayrwithwhomIcorrespondedsincetheearly 1960s. I was always astonished that despite his busy schedule as Director of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, he would take time to answer my enquiries in detail. I met him at Harvard University in 1968 and discussed aspects of speciation and evolution with him when we met several times in the United States and in Germany in later years. I also thank him for his contributions to this volume and forhispermissiontoreviewmaterialintheMayrPapersattheErnstMayrLibrary (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) as well as portions of his correspondence at the Harvard University Archives. During visits to Cambridge and Bedford, Massachusetts in September 2003 and October 2004, we discussed an early version of this manuscript. I was also permitted to use a 12-page manuscript by Margarete (Gretel) Mayr, Ernst’s wife, on “Our life in America during the Second World War.” Their daughters Mrs. Christa Menzel and Mrs. Susanne Mayr Harrison also supplied additional information. Mrs. Harrison mentioned to me details of the family’s frequent visits to Cold Spring Harbor (New York) during the 1940s and Mrs. Menzel and her husband Gerhart Menzel kindly showed me The Farm near Wilton, New Hampshire. Mrs. Harrison also provided prints and electronic files of family photographs and reviewed various parts of the manuscript. I thank the nephews Dr. Otto Mayr and Dr. Jörg Mayr who maintain a family archive in Lindau, Germany, for historical photographs and data regarding the family. Ernst Mayr’s niece Roswitha Kytzia (née Mayr) and her husband Peter Kytzia (Hammersbach near Hanau, Germany), who served as E. Mayr’s main family contact in Germany during the last 20 years, also furthered this project and helped with various information. At the American Museum of Natural History (New York), Ms. Mary LeCroy of the Department of Ornithology kindly placed at my disposal relevant documents such as the unpublished reports of members of the Whitney South Sea Expedition (1920– 1940), the annual reports of the department during the 1930s and its historical correspondence files. She also helped in locating historical photographs, answering questions regarding several collecting sites in New Guinea, and sent information on certain birds that Mayr had obtained on one of the Solomon Islands in 1929. She also sent me taxonomic notes on several subspecies of birds described by Mayr and later synonymized by other authors. I am very grateful for her help and substantial contributions. I take this opportunity to also thank the curators of the Department of Ornithology (AMNH) for their support during many visits in the course of the last 40 years. Acknowledgments 383 Walter Bock (Columbia University, New York) answered many questions based on his intimate knowledge of Ernst Mayr’s work. He spent much time editing my manuscript and commenting on numerous aspects discussed. Mrs. Amélie Koehler (Freiburg), M. Glaubrecht (Museum of Natural History, Berlin), and Ms. M. LeCroy (New York) also read most of this manuscript and suggested many improvements of the text. R. Bruckert (Départment Mamifères et Oiseaux, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) provided from his data file a printout of taxonomic bird names introduced by E. Mayr and R. Creath (Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona) permitted me to quote from his interview with Marjorie Sturm, Mayr’s administrative assistant while he was Director of the Museum of Comparative Zo- ology, Harvard University. S. Eck (deceased; formerly at the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden) reported on Mayr’s high school in Dresden and procured copies of several articles published in local journals; F. Steinheimer (Berlin) in- formed me about certain correspondence between E. Hartert and E. Mayr held by the Natural History Museum, London; J. Neumann (Neubrandenburg) provided information on several Saxon ornithologists of the 1920s; O. Kraus (Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg) informed me on the early history of the Inter- national Commission of Zoological Nomenclature; W. Meise (deceased; formerly in Hamburg) permitted to quote from his correspondence; Ms. Alison Pirie (De- partment of Ornithology; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) was very helpful during my visit to Cambridge and Bedford. Ms. M. Macari (Cold Spring Harbor, New York) sent information on Cold Spring Harbor Biological La- boratory and the Ernst Mayr Dining Room. G. Stresow (Diessen, Germany) told me of his memories of E. Mayr in New York during the early 1930s. I am also grateful to T. Junker (Frankfurt a.M.) for discussions and copies of certain useful documents and to U. Kutschera (Department of Biology, University of Kassel) who helped in various ways during the final stages of the preparation of this book. My wife Maria Haffer accepted many inconveniences while I was working on this project. The following persons in charge of the respective archives permitted access to correspondence and my quoting selected paragraphs: P.J. Becker (Manuscript Division, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin), H. Landsberg and S. Hackethal (Historische Bild- und Schriftgutsammlungen, Museum für Natur- kunde Berlin), Ms. M. Gachette (Harvard Archives, Pusey Library), Mrs. C.A. Ri- naldo (Ernst Mayr Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), andMrs.S.Snell(Archive,NaturalHistoryMuseum,London).TheLibraryDepart- ment (American Museum of Natural History, New York) authorized the publication of various photographs and Karen Klitz (Archives; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley) permitted me to quote from a letter by E. Mayr to J. Grinnell. List of Abbreviations AAAS American Association of the Advancement of Science AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York AOU American Ornithologists’ Union BOC British Ornithologists’ Club BOU British Ornithologists’ Union DOG Deutsche Ornithologische Gesellschaft (1875–1945) DO-G Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft (1850–1875; 1949–present) IOC International Ornithological Congress JfO, J. Orn. Journal für Ornithologie, Journal of Ornithology (as of 2004) MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University MPG Max Planck Gesellschaft Nov. Zool. Novitates Zoologicae (Museum W. Rothschild) transl. Indicates the author’s translation of a quote in German (Mayr’s own translations of German texts are unmarked) References Ali S (1985) The fall of a sparrow. Oxford University Press, New Delhi Altum B (1868) Der Vogelund sein Leben (1st edn., 168 pp), Münster (6th edn., 300 pp, 1898; 11th edn, 1937) Amadon D (1942a) Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, XLIX. Notes on some non-passerine genera, 1. American Museum Novitates, no. 1175 Amadon D (1942b) Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. L. Notes on some non-passerine genera, 2. American Museum Novitates, no. 1176 Amadon D (1943) Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 52. Notes on some non-passerine genera, 3. American Museum Novitates, no. 1237 Amadon D (1957) Remarks on the classification of the perching birds [order Passeriformes]. Proc. Zool Soc Calcutta, Mookerjee Memorial Volume, pp 259–268 Amadon D (1966) The superspecies concept. Syst Zool 15:245–249 Amadon D, Short LL (1992) Taxonomy of lower categories—suggested guidelines. Bull Brit Orn Club, Centenary Suppl. 112A:11–38 Appel TA(2000) Shaping biology. The National Science Foundation and American biological research, 1945–1975. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore Ashlock PD (1972) Monophyly again. Syst Zool 21:430–438 Audley-Charles MG (1987) Dispersal of Gondwanaland: relevance to evolution of the an- giosperms. In: Whitmore TC (ed) Biogeographical evolution of the Malay Archipelago. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 5–25 Ayala FJ (2004) (ed) Ernst Mayr 1904. Ludus Vitalis XII:1–245 Backer CA (1936) Verklarend Woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Ned- erland en Nederlandsch-Indie in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten. Batavia P, Noordhoff N. V. Reprint, 2000, L.J. Veen, Antwer- pen Baker RM (1951) The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. Uni- versity of Kansas Publications, Mus Nat Hist 3(1):1–359 Barluenga M, Stölting KN, Salzburger W,Muschnik M, Meyer A (2006) Sympatric speciation in Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fish. Nature 439:719–723 Barrow MV Jr (1998) A passion for birds. American ornithology after Audubon. Princeton University Press, Princeton Bates HW (1862) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Lepidoptera: Heliconidae. Trans Linn Soc Lond 23:495–566 Bates HW (1864) On the variation of species [extracted from The Naturalist on the River Amazons, vol 1, pp 255–265]. The Entomologists’ Annual for 1864:87–94 Bates HW (1865) Contributions to an insect fauna of the Amazons Valley: Coleoptera, Longicornes. Ann Mag Nat Hist III. 15:382–394 Baur E, Fischer E, Lenz F (1923) Menschliche Erblichkeitslehre, 2nd edn. J.F. Lehmanns Verlag, Munich Beatty J (1994) The proximate/ultimate distinction in the multiple careers of Ernst Mayr. Biol Philos 9:333–356 386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK, Zimmerman DA (1986) Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, Princeton Behrmann W (1919) Detzners Forschungen in Neuguinea. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin 1919, pp 371–376 Bergson H (1912) Schöpferische Entwicklung. Jena, Fischer Beurton PJ (1995) Ernst Mayr und der Reduktionismus. Biol Zentralblatt
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  • Birds of New Guinea Field Guide (Beehler Et Al

    Birds of New Guinea Field Guide (Beehler Et Al

    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. Introduction The New Guinea Region Our region of coverage follows Mayr (1941: vi), who defined the natural region that encompasses the avifauna of New Guinea, naming it the “New Guinea Region.” It comprises the great tropical island of New Guinea as well as an array of islands lying on its continental shelf or immediately offshore. This region extends from the equator to latitude 12o south and from longitude 129o east to 155o east; it is 2,800 km long by 750 km wide and supports the largest remaining contiguous tract of old-growth humid tropical forest in the Asia-Pacific (Beehler 1993a). The Region includes the Northwestern Islands (Raja Ampat group) of the far west—Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, Misool, Kofiau, Gam, Gebe, and Gag; the Aru Islands of the southwest—Wokam, Kobroor, Trangan, and others; the Bay Islands of Geelvink/Cenderawasih Bay—Biak-Supiori, Numfor, Mios Num, and Yapen; Dolak Island of south-central New Guinea (also known as Dolok, Kimaam, Kolepom, Yos Sudarso, or Frederik Hendrik); Daru and Kiwai Islands of eastern south-central New Guinea; islands of the north coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG)—Kairiru, Muschu, Manam, Bagabag, and Karkar; and the Southeastern (Milne Bay) Islands of the far southeast—Goodenough, Fergusson, Normanby, Kiriwina, Kaileuna, Wood- lark, Misima, Tagula/Sudest, and Rossel, plus many groups of smaller islands (see the endpapers for a graphic delimitation of the Region).
  • Birds & Natural History 2014

    Birds & Natural History 2014

    Birds & Natural History 2014 press.princeton.edu New A Sparrowhawk’s Lament How British Breeding Birds of Prey Are Faring David Cobham with Bruce Pearson With a foreword by Chris Packham Britain is home to fteen species of breeding birds of prey, from the hedgerow-hopping Sparrowhawk to the breathtaking White-tailed Eagle. In this handsomely illustrated book, acclaimed British lmmaker and naturalist David Cobham o ers unique and deeply personal insights into Britain’s birds of prey and how they are faring today. He delves into the history of these marvellous birds and talks in depth with the scientists and conservationists who are striving to safeguard them. In doing so, he pro les the writers, poets, and lmmakers who have done so much to change the public’s perception of birds of prey. Thanks to popular television programs, the Victorian myth that any bird with a hooked beak is evil has been dispelled. However, although there are success stories— ve birds of prey that were extinct have become reestablished with viable populations—persecution is still rife: so much so that one bird of prey, the Hen Harrier, became virtually extinct in England as a breeding bird in 2013. Featuring drawings by famed wildlife artist Bruce Pearson, this book reveals why we must cherish and celebrate our birds of prey, and why we neglect them at our peril. In A Sparrowhawk’s Lament, you will learn how the perfection of the double-barrelled shotgun sounded a death knell for British birds of prey in the nineteenth century, how the conscription of gamekeepers during two world wars gave them a temporary reprieve, how their fortunes changed yet again with the introduction of agricultural pesticides in the 1950s, why birds of prey are vital to Britain’s ecosystems and cultural heritage—and much more.