„Everyone knows what slavery is, from school, from television documen- taries, or from the movies. The abolition of slavery belongs to the triumphs of history. It is an integral Thomas Schirrmacher component of the path to human rights, democracy, and a free society. And it belongs to history. That is, however, a huge mistake. This is due to the fact today there are more slaves now than in any other prior century. And most of them have been treated and moved around like goods on the global market. While classical slavery was abolished in the Western World by the first great human rights campaign in history, modern day slaves lack an advocate such as one finds in the Human debate over global warming. For that reason I am thankful to my readers that they are ta- king time to inform themselves essentially ‘in a nutshell’ about one of the worst present day atrocities that exists. The victims will also be thankful, because only through the aid of a large groundswell on the part of civil society can the battle against human trafficking Trafficking again be placed among the highest priorities on the political agenda.“ Prof. Dr. theol. Dr. phil. Thomas Schirrmacher, PhD, ThD, DD, is professor of the sociology of religion at the State Thomas Schirrmacer Human Trafficking Human Schirrmacer Thomas The Return to Slavery University of the West in Timisoara (Romania), Distinguis- hed Professor of Global Ethics and International Develop- ment at William Carey University in Shillong (Meghalaya, India), as well as president and professor of ethics at Mar- tin Bucer European Theological Seminary and Research Institutes with branches in Bonn, Berlin, Zurich, Inns- bruck, Prague, Istanbul and Sao Paolo. Schirrmacher has held guest professorships and has given special lectures at universities on all continents. Schirrmacher is chair of the Theological Commission of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), director of the Inter- national Institute for Religious Freedom (Bonn, Cape Town, Colombo) and Ambassador for Human Rights of WEA; the WEA represents churches with 600 million members alto- gether. He also is a member of the board of the International Society for Human Rights. Schirrmacher regularly testifies in the German parliament and other parliaments in Euro- pe, as well as in the EU in Brussels, the OSCE in Vienna and other international bodies. His has written 102 books; three of his newest books are Fundamentalism, Racism, and Human Trafficking. He has earned four doctorates, in missiology and ecumenical theo- logy, in cultural anthropology, in ethics, and in sociology of religion, and received two honorary doctorates from the USA and India. sponsored by: ISBN 978-3-86269-070-1 ISSN 1867-7320 The WEA Global Issues Series 12 Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft (Culture and Science Publ.) Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher VKW VKW Thomas Schirrmacher Human Trafficking The WEA Global Issues Series Editors: Geoff Tunnicliffe, Secretary General, World Evangelical Alliance Thomas Schirrmacher, Director, International Institute for Religious Liberty and Speaker for Human Rights of the World Evangelical Alliance Volumes: 1. Thomas K. Johnson – Human Rights 2. Christine Schirrmacher – The Islamic View of Major Christian Teachings 3. Thomas Schirrmacher – May a Christian Go to Court? 4. Christine Schirrmacher – Islam and Society 5. Thomas Schirrmacher – The Persecution of Christians Concerns Us All 6. Christine Schirrmacher – Islam – An Introduction 7. Thomas K. Johnson – What Difference does the Trinity Make 8. Thomas Schirrmacher – Racism 9. Christof Sauer (ed.) – Bad Urach Statement 10. Christine Schirrmacher – The Sharia: Law and Order in Islam 11. Ken Gnanakan – Responsible Stewardship of God’s Creation 12. Thomas Schirrmacher – Human Trafficking 13. Thomas Schirrmacher – Ethics of Leadership 14. Thomas Schirrmacher – Fundamentalism “The WEA Global Issues Series is designed to provide thoughtful and practical insights from an Evangelical Christian perspective into some of the greatest challenges we face in the world. I trust you will find this volume enriching and helpful in your Kingdom service.” Dr. Geoff Tunnicliffe, Secretary General, World Evangelical Alliance Thomas Schirrmacher Human Trafficking The Return of Slavery Translator: Richard McClary Editor: Thomas K. Johnson Editorial Assistant: Ruth Baldwin The WEA Global Issues Series Volume 12 Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft Culture and Science Publ. Bonn 2013 World Evangelical Alliance 74 Trinity Place, Suite 1400 New York, NY 10006-2122 U.S.A. Phone +[1] 212-233-3046 Fax +[1] 646-957-9218 www.worldevangelicals.org While this volume does not represent an “official” position of the World Evangelical Alliance we are distributing it to promote further serious study and reflection. International Institute for Religious Freedom of the World Evangelical Alliance www.iirf.eu / [email protected] Friedrichstr. 38 PO Box 535 32, Ebenezer Place 2nd Floor Edgemead 7407 Dehiwela 53111 Bonn Cape Town (Colombo) Germany South Africa Sri Lanka © Copyright 2013 by Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft (Culture and Science Publ.) Prof. Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher Friedrichstraße 38, 53111 Bonn, Germany Fax +49 / 228 / 9650389 www.vkwonline.de / [email protected] ISBN 978-3-86269-070-1 / ISSN 1867-7320 Cover: Ryan Lackey: Soi Cowboy Red Light District, Bangkok, Thailand. CC BY 2.0, http://www.flickr.com/photos/octal/168205040/ Printed in Germany Cover design and production: BoD Verlagsservice Beese, Friedensallee 44, 22765 Hamburg, Germany www.rvbeese.de / [email protected] Publisher’s Distribution: Hänssler Verlag / IC-Medienhaus 71087 Holzgerlingen, Germany, Tel. +49 / 7031/7414-177 Fax -119 www.haenssler.de / www.icmedienhaus.de Individual sales: www.mandvbooks.com The WEA Global Issues Series is sponsored by: Gebende Hände gGmbH / Giving Hands International Adenauerallee 11 • 53111 Bonn, Germany • www.giving-hands.de Martin Bucer Seminary European Theological School and Research Institutes Bonn – Zurich – Innsbruck – Prague – Istanbul – São Paulo www.bucer.org Contents Preface ........................................................................................................ 7 I Latest Findings on Human Trafficking................................................. 9 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 9 1.2 Facts and Numbers ................................................................................ 12 1.3 The How and Why of Human Trafficking ............................................ 21 1.4 Why is Criminal Prosecution so difficult and unsuccessful? ............... 36 II. Exploitation of Labor and Sexual Exploitation ............................... 43 2.1 Human Trafficking for Labor Exploitation (without Sexual Exploitation) ........................................................................................ 43 2.2 Child Trafficking for sexual Exploitation ............................................. 49 2.3 Trafficking in Women for Purposes of Sexual Exploitation ................ 53 III: Practical Section ............................................................................... 65 3.1 What can an Individual do against Human Trafficking? ...................... 65 3.2 The Role of Counseling Centers ........................................................... 71 Links and Literature ............................................................................... 75 About the Author ..................................................................................... 83 Books by Thomas Schirrmacher in chronological order (With short commentaries) ..................................................................................... 83 Biography .................................................................................................... 96 Preface Everyone knows what slavery is, from school, from television documen- taries, or from the movies. The abolition of slavery belongs to the triumphs of history. It is an integral component of the path to human rights, democ- racy, and a free society. And it belongs to history. That is, however, a huge mistake. This is due to the fact today there are more slaves now than in any other prior century. And most of them have been treated and moved around like goods on the global market. While classical slavery was abolished in the Western World by the first great human rights campaign in history, modern day slaves lack an advo- cate such as one finds in the debate over global warming. For most mem- bers of the media, the fact of the unsavory business of forced prostitution is not worth more than a report which, after all is said and done, provokes a bit of shock, disgust, and titillation. “Anyone who kidnaps another and either sells him or still has him when he is caught must be put to death” (Exodus 21:16). Even if we no longer respond with the death penalty for human trafficking, this Old Testament provision demonstrates how old the problem is and that we are dealing with one of the severest offenses committed by humanity. For that reason I am thankful to my readers that they are taking time to inform themselves essentially ‘in a nutshell’ about one of the worst present day atrocities that exists. The victims will also be thankful, because only through the aid of a large groundswell on the part of civil society can the battle against human trafficking again be placed among the highest priorities on the political agenda. I Latest Findings on Human Trafficking 1. Introduction I could be standing