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Chapter 8 the Jefferson Era Chapter 9 a New National Identity Chapter 10 the Age of Jackson Chapter 11 Expanding West UNIT 3 1800–1855 The New Republic Chapter 8 The Jefferson Era Chapter 9 A New National Identity Chapter 10 The Age of Jackson Chapter 11 Expanding West 260 6-8_SNLAESE484693_U03O.indd 260 7/2/10 1:35:20 PM What You Will Learn… By the time the country had experienced two presidential terms, people had begun to think of themselves as Americans. A new sense of pride and unity infl uenced all areas of American society, from politics to art, from economics to religion. Settlers began moving deeper into the continent and the United States began to grow. In the next four chapters, you will learn about the fi rst expansion of the young nation. Explore the Art In this picture, Lewis and Clark are shown asking advice from Sacagawea, a teenaged Shoshone Indian who helped them on their exploration of the continent. How does this picture show the challenges facing the explorers? 261 6-8_SNLAESE484693_U03O.indd 261 7/2/10 1:38:26 PM FLORIDA . The Story Continues CHAPTER 8, The Jefferson Era (1800–1815) PEOPLE 1810: West Florida’s ownership is under question. Although President James Madison and former Presi- dent omas Je erson both thought that West Florida had been included in the Louisiana Purchase, France and Spain insisted that West Florida had been excluded from the agreement. After American rebels took control of West Florida in September of 1810, President Madison took advantage of the situation and issued a proclamation on October 27, 1810, allowing the United States to occupy the region. President Madison, however, failed to notify Congress of the proclamation until December of that year. Federalists in Congress, who were traditional opponents of President Madison’s Republican party, did not think the U.S. occupation was constitutional. But in January 1811, Congress voted to approve President Madison’s proclamation. PLACES 1763–1818: The Fort at St. Marks serves as an impor- tant trading center. During the British Period, a trading center known as Fort St. Marks was located at St. Marks in East Florida. Panton, Leslie & Co., owned the trading center and this company remained at the location after the Second Spanish Period began. At that time the fort was renamed Fort San Marcos de Apalache. e fort became a thriving center Florida. .The Story Continues of trade with Native Americans. In 1818 General Andrew Jackson captured Fort San Marcos de Apalache during the First Seminole War. See Chapter 1 Photo credits: 261 FL1 6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C08_SC.indd 1 2/22/11 9:49:07 AM the American Revolution, Pensacola PLACES 1797: The Spanish build two forts: Fort San Carlos de Barran- served as a refuge for loyalists. In 1781, cas and Bateria de San Antonio. In 1763, the Spanish gained control of Florida the British built a fort on a blu overlook- once again. During this Second Spanish ing the entrance to Pensacola Bay. en, Period, Pensacola continued to be a around 1797, the Spanish built two forts small, remote settlement. General on the same strategic location. One of the Andrew Jackson captured Pensacola in Spanish forts, a water battery made of 1818 during the rst Seminole War. stone, and located at the foot of the blu , was named Bateria de San Antonio. e other fort built further upland was an EVENTS 1775–1817: Runaway slaves earth and log structure named Fort San fi nd safe haven in Seminole By about 1775, bands of Carlos de Barrancas. In 1818 the Spanish communities. Creek who had begun settling in north- governor of West Florida surrendered the ern Florida from Georgia and Alabama, fort to Andrew Jackson, who then claimed came to be known as “Seminole.” African West Florida for the United States. Americans who had escaped from slavery in Georgia and Alabama found the Seminole community a safe haven PLACES 1781–1821: The Spanish regain control of Florida, including the in which to live. e Seminoles lived capital of West Florida, Pensacola. primarily in the Everglades, an area of During the British Period, Pensacola was wetlands and dense vegetation that the capital of West Florida. roughout provided protection from outsiders. Unpacking the Florida Standards <… Read the following to learn what this standard says and what it means. See FL8–FL21 to unpack all other standards related to this chapter. SS.8.A.3.15 Examine this time period (1763–1815) from the perspective of historically under-represented groups (children, indentured servants, Native Americans, slaves, women, working class). What does it mean? Explore the early years of nationhood through the eyes of historically under-represented Florida. .The Story Continues groups such as children, indentured servants, Native Americans, slaves, women, and the working class. Go to Chapter 4, The American Revolution, 1774–1783, Chapter 5, Forming a Government, 1777–1791, Chapter 7, Launching the Nation, 1789–1800, and Chapter 8, The Jefferson Era, 1800–1815, for help. See Chapter 1 SS.8.A.2.1, SS.8.A.4.17, SS.8.A.4.18 See Spotlight on Florida History for Photo credits: content specifically related to these Chapter 8 standards. 261 FL2 2_6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C08_SC 2 2/26/11 8:33:58 AM CHAPTER 8 1800–1815 The Jefferson Era Essential Question How did the events of the Jefferson Era strengthen the nation? Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards SS.8.A.3.14 Explain major domestic and international economic, military, political, and socio-cultural events of Thomas Jefferson’s presidency. SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, and consequences of United States westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness (War of 1812, Convention of 1818, Adams-Onis Treaty, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas an- nexation, Manifest Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican American War/Mexican Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Gadsden Purchase). SS.8.A.4.3 Examine the experiences and perspectives of significant individuals and groups during this era of American History. SS.8.A.4.4 Discuss the impact of westward expansion on cultural practices and migration patterns of Native American and African slave populations. SS.8.A.4.12 Examine the effects of the 1804 Haitian Revolution on the United States acquisition of the Louisiana Territory. SS.8.E.1.1 Examine motivating economic factors that influenced the development of the United States economy over time including scarcity, supply and demand, opportunity costs, incentives, profits, and entrepreneurial aspects. SS.8.G.1.2 Use appropriate geographic tools and terms to iden- tify and describe significant places and regions in American history. SS.8.G.2.1 Identify the physical elements and the human elements that define and differentiate regions as relevant to American history. SS.8.G.2.2 Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of regional issues in different parts of the United States that have had critical economic, physical, or political ramifications. SS.8.G.2.3 Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of how selected regions of the United States have changed over time. SS.8.G.3.1 Locate and describe in geographic terms the major ecosystems of the United States. SS.8.G.3.2 Use geographic terms and tools to explain differing perspec- tives on the use of renewable and non-renewable resources in the United States and Florida over time. SS.8.G.4.4 Interpret databases, case studies, and maps to describe the role that regions play in influencing trade, migration patterns, and cultural/political interaction in the United States throughout time. SS.8.G.6.2 Illustrate places and events in U.S. history through the use of narratives and graphic representations. 1801 1803 Thomas U.S. Senate FOCUS ON WRITING Jefferson approves takes the Louisiana A Letter of Recommendation Americans love lists—the five office. Purchase. best books of the year, the 10 best video games, the three best soccer 1800 players. As you read this chapter you will gather some information about Thomas Jefferson. Then you will write a letter to your newspaper telling 1802 An army of former why Jefferson should be on the newspaper’s “Top Ten American slaves led by Toussaint- Louverture defeats a Presidents” list. French army in Haiti. 262 CHAPTER 8 6-8_SSFLAESE607511_C08O.indd 262 1/25/11 7:08:28 AM Jefferson’s Presidential Style A man of many talents, Thomas Jefferson looked back to classical architecture to design his Virginia home, Monticello. 1804 1807 1812 1815 Lewis and Clark Congress Congress declares The Battle of begin their passes the war against New Orleans westward journey. Embargo Act. Great Britain. is fought. 18 05 1810 1815 1807 1814 The slave trade is Kurozumi Munetada founds an abolished in the influential Shinto religious sect British Empire. that stresses patriotism in Japan. THE JEFFERSON ERA 263 6-8_SNLAESE484693_C08O.indd 263 7/2/10 12:33:04 PM Reading Social Studies Society Science and Economics Geography Politics and Culture Technology Focus on Themes In this chapter you will see how he encouraged the exploration of the West, learn about Thomas Jefferson’s presidency. You will and discover why, during his second term, America read what happened when Jefferson’s fi rst run to found itself at war with Great Britain. You will see be president ended in a tie. After that, you will learn how America’s expanding geography and politics about his decision to buy Louisiana from the French, were intertwined. Using Databases to Understand History Focus on Reading Historians use many types of documents to learn SS.8.A.1.1 Provide supporting details about the past. Databases are one type of document that offers historians for an answer from text, interview for oral history, check validity of information from a wide range of important information, such as population fi gures, types of research/text, and identify strong vs.
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