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groups

Rebellion.

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its the

1790,

Treasury

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1791 Hamilton would established United Bank Jay’s

Antifederalists states

people.

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Define: the

enough

role political the

national

Americans

causes proper rise

American

his

ended.

Hamilton’s

war. of a

national

debate

after

construction; States

Treaty;

elsewhere

French

the during to

new

and

of

not

view,

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Hamilton

tariff;

Hamilton’s

political

in

take proposed role and

and

months

actively lead

groups.

Most

government,

over

political itself Versus

Constitution,

Revolution the

economy. power.

the

effects

of interest;

state

on

had

alike, 1792 reelected to

Washington in

plan

government

Jay’s

government

parties.

Americans,

to Revolution.

was neutral;

the

the

of

the

direct

a program

Struggles

debt.

party.

preserve

of He a compli

for

debate,

Treaty

hoped

a

strict

estab

world

President

divided

the debts

keen

new

had

but

the

the

Whiskey

he

for con

and

win one. debts. Congress’s erii to would states plan Hamilton’s

plan in the Congress about federal Hamilton’s for than ment national and

Order

be

banks

another

the Hamilton’s the

Americans

whether angered specific Reinforcing Main Southern Fleading

to

and to

one

want

through

Yet

gain

responsible

$50 states

government

American

support

locate

South.

a

debt

of Hamilton

might approved

vote

northern

plan

to

debt

million.

reason.

the

Strategy

actions

Jefferson order

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add 1794 Rebellion Whiskey states

the

a

was

became

was

of

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to

would Main

debt deal:

plan,

think.

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nation’s

merchants

to in the

or

locate

for

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owed

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already

did

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of

both

Why

this

liberty

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plan southern Hamilton

the and

The

critics northern

sharply

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not

south

in

River.

burden? the

the

to

back

would federal the

capital

many

Chapter

had

want

answer

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for

was

capital

1790 to European

and

pointed

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Jay’s

ratified 1795

debt you

divided a

a

the

more

Americans.

controversial

huge

the

government

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read,

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on

1790s

state

govern out,

important.

simpler

debt

in

6

banks

list

the

and

the

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some

Section

1

that

790s

John

elected 1796

President

of

Adams Alexander

government. strong and Hamilton Constitution framing ticipated

1

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175

favored

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the

in

par

a 176

gram achieving order? Old

iiiain

Hamilton’s

aim

Chapter

more

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Idea ______

pro

at

or

ernment or the creditors of the states. individual reasoned, plan? lined ment future had money government. ernment. loan. In and matters, that paid Hamilton’s long-term the United not elegant and interest had tion new larly interference hard-won return people Federalist

people

1791,

future 6

money,

state

Why

Most like

Opponents created Secretary Hamilton states

proposed state

borrowers taxes.

regulation

them a

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plan. • To

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specific

States to

to government, some cials. taxes saw son away; pay He

United

Section style

Hamilton’s

Congress

governments

Congress

that

satisfy

the

in affairs.

(or

would The who

handle

pay

of

profit. liberty states investment program

owed

if

creditors

aristocracy

did

interest—an

Two they

a

creditors

Opponents

this of

to

United the

the

the tariff—a owed

of

went lenders)

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if

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in

off country’s of Hamilton,

take budget

1

thus to

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the

States. Hamilton’s

pay he

of

their similar

would

care

Washington’s 1791.

and

the They measures it

creditors

United

as

creditors of State

money the

these Hamilton’s stable

placed Hamilton

the did,

established

federal

intend into

to

a them

creditors

plan. the suggested

transformed

an

States

1760s.

such

more

financial

concerns, a

debts.

would what

into in Washington and

Instead,

also pay

did

they

little tax be

and

Jefferson

to

all-out a

American

creditors

complicated

the States

a

Many extra money

functioning

They raised special

as

to less

government set

however, what

the would on

as disliked the tax go concerned not

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would

policy money,

happened money the In

United

monarchy.

pay

knew

a

in

up

care

imported

interested

plans.

the

along risk on

the expenses

to

one

presidency,

whole.

owed

sum want

objected 1789,

assault Americans Hamilton

amounted salaries

return

them

a by to

fund

was

opponents the whiskey. help

now

have people. government

regular Bank

administra

in

of

Hamilton’s

collapse. about

the States every

that

these

of Hamilton

President with

any

Congress

also creditors

the

financial debts with

taxation

with off

particu

used to

held

in

no of

on

for of

money to

British goods.

of

of

to in

Many

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hope

right year.

gov local

raise

gov pay out

offi

rea

two this to

put

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an

to of

If

a a

Jefferson strict At Washington view Secretary did the minority American other as Constitution the of preferred of betraying the Hamilton government. American started That he deeper Jefferson cratic committed their lence, porters, sharply cuted more tion that ment. ing to ty.” men ment French this ty, to France Louis

[tyranny]

The

start

oppose

violence make laws

told

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the

Constitution

up The One

not nation

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of

time

Hamilton

of,

“boisterous

who

by

public faith

XVI

brotherhood,

construction.

revolution

He

they

words, thousands

king,

the

a and

French

than

Thomas on

the

in

divided on

specifically end

differences

Revolution

kings these

the

national

said

of

the opinion

to took

it, the

Revolution. is

a way

and

early

Reactions the which

preferred

in

1789,

increasingly

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to

pouting

French

State.

loose

usually

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lords,

Constitution.

this, American

did Even

declaration, of

that

the

revolutionary ideals

and

other

it

“liberty,

Queen

pride

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and

should

Americans.

boisterous to

1 Paine

saw

1793,

not

gone

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people bank—that

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he the

however. of

in

during

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construction.

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say

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Revolution, sided

hand,

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reality

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as

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the acceptance of fit. government

people,

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Marie

threw

do in

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wrong. disagreement

not

Revolution.

an

it fraternity,

Jefferson

not

to the

an their

Federalist

it

than

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1792,

an President’s

could rejection

with

the

found

generally the

example

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calm is, a

could

Jefferson

sea

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led

French

being

extension

Federalists the

Jefferson

of people

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government a

English loose

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he construction,

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Jefferson not

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Jefferson

liberty.” Constitutiknted

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ttsburgh teutraljty.

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In

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the

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a rebels

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traditional frontier

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In most strong

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Britain

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citiz Stan

unti

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I earth French between Choosing French immediate should Americans wanted dominated not

neutral, after

Neutrality. President, sides

just Meanwhile, program pay other

importance corn only Virginia. was out of

appeared authority The dition lectors. The the Secretary opportunity United be declared

Alexander ing Washington’s ered Pittsburgh young “Light to to

established

enforcing

currency,

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afford

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a

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rebellion. having

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desolated

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the American tax Whisker

Revolution,

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strong

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Hamilton

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1794

Hamilton,

the

to Whiskey its

a

Stamp

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tough

offend

citizens whiskey. sensible

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that

government.

areas, government in

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force.

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Harry”

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President

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demonstrate United laws.

federal in

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farmers

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the

rebellion

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French,

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western

France

Whiskey government. Americans

take?

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of

Lee,

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the

rebellion

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leaves Washington

people

Pennsylvania

to Hamilton

a the

Washington people,

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had

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Independence.

a

attacked

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rebellion

was the

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world

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was

men.

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itself Pennsylvania

demonstrated

army market

nation Whose power

make whose

debated

whiskey

April

in

had

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against refused committed

to

of

economic

Rebellion.

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of

dissolved. however,

as

be

not

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colonial

see

was that

term tax the

General

remain

himself

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a

to

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to

out

said of

could

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exert as with 1

navy

gath

kind

side

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take war

and

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of

by

to

Jay’s

the In pitch. and United term ilton by States Washington than Treaty, an John the the

Northwest provisions however, seas practice ing nations. plained sy Americans for tionary the Despite nomic port Britain. Rebellion,

As were

Societies ously Republica Jefferson, letters encouraged were with ington democratic Republicans

TIu

agreement 1794

throughout

siding early war

treaty

trade

American Jay’s

The

and

forts

Originally France

of

agreement,

Jay

believed

interests

the

Washington

promoting would

with

forming

called States

administration. a

Jefferson

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that

Britain

of to ideals,

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7reati

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as

Treaty to

Federalists

great

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to between modern

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with

and stopping

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1793,

London

one

debate

in

and oppose

republic. the rose

anger,

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France. newspaper

sent

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treaty

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Whiskey

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whiskey.

the

taxes—in

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collect Whiskey

drawing.

plans

177

this

of

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eco 178

SEC

2.

3. 4

Corn

1.

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Chapter

TION

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2 and SECTION 1776, 1800, 3 a 3 Objectives Liberty turned eagle. senti artist back from Chapter the the the Summarize Sedition Describe nullification. Rebellion. President, Key Explain an as of

The election Terms The officials American war jay’s PREVIEW avoid negotiate tion, John From the Acts; the 6 Define: outcome with the XYZ of Treaty the events Virginia the

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Virginia

1787, void” “the Or of whether many

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freedom

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SECTION

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Summarizing either Key He and the Americans election resolutions; _____ Organizing Jeffersonian Federalists’

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183

Ri. 1801 1803 1803 Jeffersontakes 1804 MarburyV. Louisiana officeas Jeffersonreelected Madison Purchase 1807 President President EmbargoAct I

3 TheJeffersonAdministration

SECTIONPREVIEW Qbjectives i DescribehowJeffersonbothreducedand As President,Jefferson sought to reduce the power expandedthe powerofthe nationalgovernment. of the federal government.Yethe also demonstrated Understandthe SupremeCourt’spowerto the government’spowerwhen he boughtnew lands reviewlaws. and restrictedforeigntrade. Identifyimportantforeignpoliciesof the Jefferson administration. Reading Strategy I KeyTermsDefine:agenda;bureaucracy; FormulatingQuestionsWritetwoquestions for each Marburyv.Madison;judicialreview;Louisiana of the headings in this section and lookfor answers Purchase;Lewisand Clarkexpedition;embargo. to those questionsas you read.

homas Jefferson entered office with a deliver speeches to Congress, claiming that to T straightforward agenda, or list of do so would seem too much like the act of a things that he wanted to accomplish. His king. He also resolved a question that had trou goal was to reduce the influence of the bled Congress for many years—what to call the national government in the lives President. Jefferson asked to be addressed sim of the American people. ply as “Mr. President.” Jefferson believed: Domestic Changes Of course, Jefferson’s AMERIcAN)Thesumof effect on government went beyond style. goodgovern Together with Congress, he reduced the ment is a wise and frugal amount of taxes paid by the American people Government,whichshall restrain and severely cut the size of the federal men frominjuringone another, bureaucracy—the departments and workers shallleavethem otherwisefree that make up the federal government. The to regulatetheir ownpursuitsof Attorney General, for instance, was not even industryand improvement,and allowed a clerk. Jefferson also slashed the size shall nottake fromthe mouthof of the army from 12,000 soldiers to only laborthe bread it has earned) 3,000. Jefferson’s goal was to limit the nation Jefferson’s Thomtzs Jefferson al government’s presence in people’s lives. informalpresi- Jefferson, however, did not intend to dentialstyle destroy the government created by the extendedtohis Constitution, or even to undo all the acts of clothing— ?educing Government the Federalists. For example, he let the Bank casualbythe To accomplish his goals, Jefferson reversed of the United States standardsof continue to function, much of what Federalists knowing that its twenty-year theday. the had done, starting term would run with matters of presidential style. He refused to out in 1811.

184 Chapter 6 • Section 3 were ly York. received and state wrecked Hamilton The was removed over Hamilton again part ship the Supreme 1804, court teen role judges. Court. fully judges and Court decreased passed Judiciary tices working just cooperation to appointments, life. Federalist angered John judge right

Marshall Federalist

1801.

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popular

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new

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185 186

1803 buys France. The Territory

Chapter

United

TI1KHIN the

The

nation’s

Louisiana from

where

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As the States sion

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ordinance Louisiana called, which sped

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Fuming

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to

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Act

was

only

of

supporters

as

today.

United of

Pacific

small is

n

claim

appeared it

Appalachians,

with

established a

national of

a

has POINT:

a

lands

a not states.

remains

strong

of 1800 historic

new

had

as

1800,

parcels

ij Yet

ended,

the

clearly

Jefferson

ever

federal

far

in

American

The

thanks

The

rchase

used

frontier—which step across Americans

central

government a

the

the

vital

and

dared.

west

a

Jeffersonians

stated

in

westward

land

process

Northwest

the West

in

the however,

on

the power

opposed

govern

part

as expan

power policy.

credit.

United

West,

any

were

were

the

The

to

of by

as movement

States’

ernment making

Napoleon When in at to gained much

traders to ambitions, Mississippi. American Congress Monroe land. that create When fateful

quickly French

Louisiana

westward

extract the

New

of

transport

Fearing

Napoleon

they

people

What

West

Mexican Mexico Following 1848 of the western

a the

control events

his

Orleans.

who

easier

changed to

island

to

new

‘lower

Arizona

United large

could

the

minister instructed

and

attempt

expansion.

Paris

French

loin

its

continues happened depended

this

newest

cedes

Jefferson

had

territories

their

War,

Mexico, French

in

citizens.

the 48

Spanish the

the

of

did

sums the

States.

1912

of and French

to

pay

American

The

south

the

his

Union.

states,

no

of

transfer

buy

ruler

in crops

French

New to

Haiti

in

the

the

to up

While

of

to

mouth

Empire French Monroe choice

mind.

next on Paris,

quell Purchase

fact

this

the

control

money

in land

to

Napoleon

the

to failed,

the

city

center the States For 1980 the day.

was

history.

$10

of

have

1803

Robert

American a

Napoleon

of

but

Mississippi

used

foreign

in

Mississippi mean

the

in

rebellion

land

of

along

and one from

the million

lies

of

first

the the

New

ambitions

to

however,

the

sent population

this

west

Mississippi of Napoleon’s

Livingston,

from

took

time,

American

travel

Americas.

United West,

with

markets.

the

River. Orleans.

farmers

of

control

refused

for

on

fames

River

most gov

over

the

the

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to SPA

2(LAN,

CIFIC ClatØç

4

U

t..,j i,....j n”]

Ft.

-

to offered wait known

Monroe

desperately million with President

large Constitution foreign to came

Louisiana

United

territory Louisiana territory Oregon Purchase Native Country American Spanish British

approve

sell

exist.

July

party Continental

When ,

amounts

States for

jiv. jsighttheP

his

1805

the

crosses

New .

Lewis

-i

as

lands instead

lands.

Movement

for

and

doubts,

would weeks

Louisiana.

Purchase 1805

The

-:

Divide.

and

the

Jefferson of In — mation

French,

the

Orleans

the

hoped

Livingston

their

did s the

Clark

sale. his Spanish Feb. of

He expedition Lewis (return) Lewis Clark Lewis Fort Pike

to

Continental

support

men

Louisiana

public

however, or on two-year not

1807

expedition

Study

sell

was and and

With

17

dramatically

the

captured

cavalry.

months Not to that

he

heard

June mention they Clark Falls

Clark —

all Pike

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lands,

the

also

money.

the

offered

the

have

of

expedition, 1805

their and

of ft j was

daring

by

Divide

the

Congress map

and

Sept.

Teton narrowly skirmish

followed

stroke of the United peoples,

wary

Purchase.1

Missouri

Party

for

decision.

above, the

troubled.

urged 1804

expansion Sioux.

Santa ______Pike

proved

the

Jefferson

French Napoleon

increased

to

reaches with

avoids

the

Louis s

of

Comanche

an — of

purchase

Fe Nov. now reach

and

reports ask

Party

right agreement States

the

proof

What

stimulate

a

once Congress spending

and

into

the

bears

answer, 1806

pen,

plant

and the

course]

him

claims

on that

Great

Texas.

over They

summit

difficulties

both and

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but $15

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/

all

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at

that spend

As the did 1804 The 1804 impact Louisiana

agreed tion Louisiana dition. secretary, his

t

Ft ______

July

expedition St.

species

The

The

Aug

United asecl I

to Mandan. the

the

July then

Yankton Meeting men to a -‘

national companion

thousands the

Louis

The

C

water 1806

Apr he

Lewis

to

actual

winter. remainder exploring

1807 R

to taken time

1804

party

i to

on

Lewis

1805 •

Louisiana Orleans

States .

they where

departs with

Sioux

Pike

Terr

explore

finance -

route to

Meriwether

Purchase Purchase.

the

Pike

line

cost friendly

Chihuahua.

s

debt —

4 and of encountered,

I -

and

history

in parties

and

citizens.

to

Terr. miles

hid. ... -

was

on

officer.

of

Mississippi

his

the

Territory

turn

and

Jefferson’s Clark

Louisiana

the the

May and St of

for

and

Pacific

was

Jefferson

about

face?

Louis

Tenn. of

Clark

the

covering 1804 previous

chose Lewis, .

collected

area Their

ich.

,

the rr.

to 40

Expedition

with

depart

did

size

,.

Ohio

Ky.

Lewis

men.

was ‘,

have

150300

United

crossing

- party -

Chapter

call

not

William included

to

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chose of debts -

infor

$1

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for

United

an

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the

Congress

million.

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Section3

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I

N

187 The Lewis and Clark epedition began in the U.S.S.Chesapeake,inflictedtwenty-one casu the spring of 1804. Their goals were to search alties,and boarded it to search for deserters from for river routes to the western ocean, make His Majesty’snavy. contact with the Native Americans living in the territory, and gather information about the The Embargo of 1807 Like other Americans, region’s natural resources. To help in this task, Jefferson was outraged by these acts and the expedition hired a French-Canadian fur believed that they should not go unpunished. trapper and his wife Sacajawea, a Shoshone Yethe rejected the use of force, in part because Indian, as interpreters. of the small size of the American navy. Instead The expedition reached the Pacific Ocean Jefferson chose an economic weapon against late in 1805 and returned east by September the British and French. At his insistence, 1806. The journey, that had lasted two years, Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807, four months, succeeded in filling in many of which outlawed almost all trade with foreign the details of the vast lands to the west. countries. An embargo is a restriction on Additional information about the West was trade. Britain’s trade, however, had grown too gathered by Zebulon Pike, who traveled as far strong to be severely injured by the embargo. west as the Rockies and then south into The French, too, were largely unaffected. Spanish-held territory between 1806and 1807. Many Americans, on the other hand, hated the em bargo—particularly New Englanders who made their living through trade. They Jefjerson’s Foreign Policy now smuggled goods to Great Britain and During Jefferson’s first term, a brief peace set other countries in defiance of the President tled on European nations. When the European and Congress. With the authority of the wars resumed, so too did troubles between national government at stake, Jefferson had no Europe and the United States. alternative but to use his small navy and feder al agents to enforce the law. The Chesapeake Jay’s Treaty, under which the The embargo ruined Jefferson’s second United States had remained at peace with Great term. Many Americans despised the direct Britain,expired in 1805.Bythen, Europeans were interference of the national government in the back at war with each other. French warships economy. Federalists exploited this anger, and began harassing American ships trading with the party enjoyed a revival. While Jefferson was Britain, and British ships interfered with able to see his Secretary of State, James American ships trading with France. The British Madison, elected President in 1808, the also kidnapped American sailorsto servein their nation’s third President retired to his home at navy. In 1807a Britishship, the Leopard,attacked Monticello as an unpopular figure.

SECTION REVIEW Comprehension Criticad Thinking 1. Key Terms Define: (a)agenda; (b) bureau 4. Analyzing Time Lines Review the time line cracy; (c) Marbury v. Madison; (d)judicial at the start of the section, How do each of review; (e) Louisiana Purchase; (t Lewis and the events for 1803 conflict with Jefferson’s Clark expedition; (g)embargo. principles? 2 Summarizing the Main Idea Describe the 5. Making Comparisons How was the enforce changes Jefferson tried to make in the rela ment of the Embargo Act of 1807 like the sup tionship between government and the people. pression of the Whiskey Rebellion? 3. Organizing Information Create an outline of Jefferson’s major accomplishments as President. 1rWng Activity 6. Writing a Persuasive Essay Write a per suasive letter to Thomas Jefferson from a Northeast merchant explaining why the Embargo Act should be lifted.

IBB Chapter 6 • Section3 American 1790 Miamitown Native

victory 4

Native of marked B large moved The and power the I)elaware, groups sion. they by War Miamitown Arthur manded Americans, defeats SECTION Native 1790.

2 I

3

the

warriors

efore pendence

beaten

The

at

early

American

the Assisted

Describe ers Summarize vation; Key

United

numbers

Then

defeated

Native

westward of Americans came

ever

Americans

by St.

in

about Old the

British

by Shawnee, Terms

the

violence.

back

Clair, such

I Battle 1794

Fallen limbers suffered

they PREVIEW

the assimilation; however.

together

790s, Northwest

American

States (now

by from

Northwest

Iroquois the

dealing

Revolution as the

the of Define: of a onto the

defeated

inflicting

soon condition

Little Old

and

now

and worsened Britain,

Fort however,

United

Cherokee

American by

British

If ideas

to

Indian

To with anything,

a

around

other colonies

nations

fight colonists

Treaty Turtle

deserted faced

United

Wayne, 1795 Greenville Treaty Battle

Northwest

Territory

an American of

add

one

in relations the of

had

American States Native

Native lands.

expedition

the

in Native

Canada

and

of of

a many

1790.

to United

of

settlers of

in

States

gained

the

new

the Greenville;

situation

broken

Indiana) were

Tippecanoe.

their the Blue

the

the

American

American

South.

governor army Americans

between

creation

national

Miami, States.

army. and

expan

biggest

Native Jacket,

North

inde

often

woes,

com

now

the

led

as

In

in

at reser

lead

in

Wayne army Native States. Timbers Shawnee, a

Greenville, forced them two longer lands Americans ened New

leaders white the Native included In

result

As

from land, the the advance Reinforcing Aeading

United

thirds

Resistance condition.

Fort 1809 York Treaty

known to

the and

culture,

a

ways

In led Americans early

in

proposed

of in

acceptance

Native

accept permanent Wayne

and United

what of four

those

ended

to this

1794,

States.

1795 of the

American

in of

in

1800s,

as

Indiana Americans

other

blending Ohio.

Americans which Main which

battle,

is

Legion that

broad

States

of

the

1811 Battle

the iippecanoe

to now General different

The Strategy

at

to

Ideas American

several

boundary

the Native

Indian

1700s accept

The

Legion

they

warrn of

northwestern

the

options

to

the

continued

Chapter strategies:

to

Indian

of

Ohio

responded

Mississippi,

As

treaty

Miami,

lost ways “Mad

in victory European Battle

leaders

Native

Americans

Reaction5

you

the

of

a

they settlers.

between

River

and

the

greatly

to

to

the

also read,

Treaty

Anthony”

of Delaware,

accepting dealt

American expand

over

suggested deal 6

southern

Ohio.

in

descent.

was

United

Fallen

Native forced various

take

weak

From

•

were

their

with with

the

As Section

no

of

onto

notes

the

ways,

their

4

on American

Native parties custom negotiating dictated pipe.” a turns

“peace

189

smoking

take

that iIain idea American cultures, returning to Indian fined to a reservation, an area that the federal religious traditions, and taking government set aside for Native Americans who military action. had lost their homelands. In 1799, Handsome What was Lake called for a rebirth of Seneca culture that Tenskwatawa’s White Culture Some would blend Native American customs with response to United Accepting States expansion? Native Americans followed the path of those of the Americans. Little Turtle, a leader of the Miami Handsome Lake urged Native Americans people. Little Turtle was a brilliant mil to abandon war and instead to give more atten itary leader who had engineered the great vic tion to traditional Indian rituals. While holding

tories of the early I790s. After making peace on to age-old beliefs, Handsome Lake and his with white settlers, he lived in northern followers adopted American notions about Indiana on annual payments from the govern land, agriculture, and family life. While Little ment. Over time Little Turtle adopted some of Turtle’s way was acceptance, Handsome Lake’s the Americans’ customs. After devoting much was acceptance on Native American terms. As of his life to fighting the Americans, Little he told President Jefferson: Turtle tried to live peacefully with white American settlers. AMERICAN ‘Our lands are decaying becausewedonotthinkon Blending Indian and American Cultures In [about]the GreatSpirit,but we are now goingto western New York a Seneca named Handsome renew our Mindsand think on the great Being Lake followed a diftrent course. Handsome who made us all.. . . Dear Brother,the Lordhas Lake had fought with the British against the confidence in your people as well as ours, pro Americans during the Revolutionary War. Later, videdwe can settle all our he had suffered the humiliation of being con- —Handsome Lake

Returning to Indian Traditions In Indiana another leader arose, among the Shawnee, l)elaware, and Miami. ‘[‘enskwatawa, also known simply as “the Prophet,” called for a return to traditional Native American ways and a total rejection of European values. Fle strongly opposed assimilation, the process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture. In 1808 Tenskwatawa established Prophets- town on the Wabash River (near present-day Lafayette, Indiana). There Tenskwatawa offered his Ibllowersa senseofdignity and the promise of a stable lifetogether. He also adopted an increas inglywarlikeattitude toward the United States. In this he was aided by his older brother, ii,cumseh.

Taking Military Action Born in 1768, Tecumseh had fought against the United States

in the 1780s and 1790sand had earned a repu tation as a talented war chieL In 1795, he refused to participate in the negotiations that 9 TheShawneeprophet,Tenskwatawa,called on hisfollowersto returnto theirancient led to the Treaty of Greenville. waysand obeythe Masterof Life, He Tecumseh believed that Indians’ only hope said the Masterof Lifehad toldhim:“If of resisting American expansion was to unite He youIndianswilldo everythingwhichIhave by overcoming local and group differences. by rally toldyou,Iwilloverturnthe land,so that allthe and Tenskwatawa acted on this belief whitepeoplewillbe coveredand youaloneshallinhabit ing opposition to the Treaty of Fort Wayne. In

the land.” Culture Accordingto Tenskwatawa,how did this treaty, negotiated in 1809 by Governor assimilation threaten NativeAmericans? William Henry Harrison of the Indiana

190 Chapter 6 • Section4 I I 7 p 14

:

Territory,

treaties much their of before United people’s persuade

the dozen protest the and it

sequence While Harrison trying Vincennes the thousand after The his

tered hours. fidence few Prophetstown

between not Tecumseh

a

SECTION will

rest

legal

In government

Comprehension

warriors at 2.

resistance, 3. Just

1.

Native land

over,

Battle

days, a

Native warriors to Tecumseb of

last

the

States with produce

August

of such

Neither day

land,

trick. in get

Key Tippecanoe. (b) Summarizing before

Tenskwatawa paths

Turtle, comparing Organizing Tecumseh. a

south-central

militia

took

the Native

in

to I

status few to the Tenskwatawa’s however.

the reservation; do

rallied of Harrison

Native

American

of

a American

common, Terms to government

group.

the

Prophetstown and Because

trick.

met

to negotiations, not Choctaw

4 Harrison individuals

the

war Tippecanoe 1810, proposed sunrise

side was

Handsome

attack

United and continued

the

of Americans

REVIEW

white

then know

with

Americans,

warriors

warning

and among in

Define: soldiers. Tecumseh

won,

the

ground. l)uring

In iècumseh differ? Alabama

burned

Native

morale

Harrison

military

the

(c)

on

they

and Governor

contrasting Indiana.

formation ignore

marched what

States land

people.”

officials

leadership.

assimilation;

by but

November to

to

the

Main

Lake, (a)

the

Tenskwatawa

with

to all lasted and

the

Americans

sign purchase

had

and

Handsome will

Treaty

could the

different this

warned an and Creek

protests

fight resistance had

and

and

and War

Like moved Idea roughly

Tenskwatawa, Harrison

would

eroded north be

away

battle

abandoned

Mississippi given the

made

about Governor

Create

to

of

to the his

Within change.

with

7,

several (d) of

Britain,

views

that many

How

Greenville; join

lands:

agree

tribes

from

their

held

1 from con

men. first

shat first.

use

Battle con

8 1812 sent up

one

Lake

two

was

to 11,

the

in

if

a

did

of

a

chart

Little

of

and

and

the

When British Tecumseh

October Battle they brother

for

us, determined lives will

AMERICAN’

their

A

and

left

we

a

are

4. Criticat

5. of few

in

British

you wish

did

people 5, a

the

in

responded:

Writing 6.

Analyzing weeks Canada. vital

at nificance American Making about

the

1813.

to

may

not to

Thames

the

defend

essay officer Americans of Writing hands

leave

away,

If legacy

and

go

start

land

accomplish

Although later,

conflict

and

Thinking

you

of

their our (See

of our

in

Comparisons

give

Time

began

ownership and in

of

the of welcome.

Activity the

which

an

Tecumsch

have

bones

lands,

the

Ontario,

[your defiance

of

between culture.

the

Great

Battle

Expository European

Lines

Tecumseh

European

an to

section.

you

Chapter

upon

their and

weapons]

next

idea talk

As Spirit.

differ? of

outline

if

—Tecumseli American

for Review Canada,

died

and

Native Tippecanoe?

of to

of it

objectives,

Tecumseh

How combination

section.) \NG

ties

What Indian

Diversity of stop

We be us,

unite

going

descent.

retreat,

American

and

the

respect

to

Essay

in the

his

wished do

our

are

to

6 Americans

Tribes the the white

nations?

was

you

the

the did

his

on

basic tured

William

Tecumseh

faced

various

• What

reported

time encroachments

think to

Harrison

of

the people”

...

Write

Section

at

Native “form

all

sources

ideas

in to

difficul leff)

Henry

sig

the line

Native

put trying

and

that

(plc a

an

4

a

191 on

spangled

192

British

ner”

anthem

flew Baltimore

the

1810

This

3

through

SECTION

4 2

3 Objectives

inspired national

bravely

attack

“star

1814.

ban-

as Chapter

Explain Describe Treaty panic Key Understand 1812. depression; Missouri

The

in

it

a

Tenns

begins 1812

War

of

of

PREVIEW

Among Congress. west frontier the Calhoun push new this included represented Hawks.

war

of

1819.

Compromise.

the

Ghent;

1812

causes

Define:

the

6

Missouri

members

new events

onto

the War

issues

those •

Breaks

They

Battle

1814

Rattle Bend Horseshoe

Henry

violence

of

British

Section5

group Congress

and

Indian impressment;

leading

the

South

Compromise.

of

who

favored

that

of

from

results

Clay

interests

New

out

were

lands.

blamed

were

011812 signed 1814

led

Ghent to Treaty

Carolina.

Out

the

of

in

Orleans; of

the

of

Americans November their believed settlers lands. moving encouraged by Following Indians

a

to

Kentucky

1812 South

known

War

of the

war

North

some

the the

The

of of

economic

the

War

farmers attacks of Most

British.

Tippecanoe

with

included

The

new

and

British

1812;

America

members

were

of onto who as

and 1811,

1815 Battle New 1815

and that

Americans

leaders

Britain West the

increased

members

the

moving

against John

Orleans

for

armed Native

of

being Battle

many

their

were

who

War

Americans

conflicts new statements headings and Main Outlining Yeadlng

the

the

C. in

of

to of

sense

Monroe

1816 President eleded

Anger continued

declare thereby argued also in out years, Madison impressment. the a larly a people have for men, expansion. the from British north British, Idea

in

Information

foolhardy emerged

small

of

under the

this

war.

Indians War

In

interfered

stopped national

success

including

the

to Strategy

and

West.

foreign

Toward

that many section.

navy.

into

The

army put

of

but each war

American

sent deal

to

south

from

1812.

the

to

military

action.

war

a

trouble

American

Congress

pride,

to

Make

ways,

with

stop

and attack

heading

against

with

a

Impressment American

British

countries.

Britain As

not

that

the

stop

who

message

you

navy,

to

but

an The

government

the Native United

War

the

service.

only American followed

Native

were

had

the

approved outline

read,

ships

economic

the

declaration In

United

country.

of

and

citizens,

not June

with urging

The

British States

angered 1812

Americans

at

fill

British. is

British

American

no became

using

only

the sea

settlers,

States in

1812,

had

nation

Madison’s

the

with

offers

and shipping.

to

Missouri

1820

and Compromise

act

main

Congress

encouraged

practice

ships

of

serve

the by

tried

of

President

known powerful

Madison moral

a

removed

had

war

western

but

of attacks

idea

forcing

to

would

in with

regu

only

help

had

was

For

call

the the

of to

as I

J

The Americans

could invading prise, led—were of

ries the Tecumseh’s

who in defeated

in successes power The

ships twenty ber half-dozen warships,

of British.

try’s captured Wasp, naval ship ship The

Lawrence, the

took Commandant small United vital 1812. after met

jest began The strangling Alabama October attacks

The the

war emperor turned The

on

British

Land

the of

(like

The American strike

battle Naval

The

morale. outnumbered dying chesapeake

fought naval

In the

land.

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