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Revista Humania 17 NOV.Indd Humania del Sur Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos ISSN: 1856-6812 ISSN Electrónico: 2244-8810 La Causa Saharaui Universidad de Los Andes Centro de Estudios de África y Asia “José Manuel Briceño Monzillo” Mérida – Venezuela Año 9, Nº 17, Junio – Diciembre, 2014 Humania del Sur Revista Semestral de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos Editores Universidad de Los Andes Consejo de Desarrollo Científi co, Humanístico, Tecnológico y de las Artes © Centro de Estudios de África, Asia y Diásporas Latinoamericanas y Caribeñas “José Manuel Briceño Monzillo” Imagen de portada Pintura saharaui Imágenes internas Imágenes tomadas de Google.com Imágenes de Diálogo con de archivos del editor invitado Diseño y diagramación: Centro Editorial La Castalia C. A. José Gregorio Vásquez Hecho el Depósito de Ley: Depósito Legal: PP200602ME2418 Depósito Legal Electrónico: PPI200602ME3836 ISSN: 1856-6812 ISSN Electrónico: 2244-8810 Impresión: Editorial Venezolana C. A. Mérida, Venezuela Versión electrónica: Web site: http://saber.ula.ve/humaniadelsur/ http://www.human.ula.ve/ceaa/ Direcciones electrónicas: [email protected] [email protected] / [email protected] Humania del Sur. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos. Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. ISSN: 1856-6812, ISSN Elect.: 2244-8810 Tabla de contenido EDITORIAL pp. 7-9 DEBATE La Causa Saharaui Orígenes de la identidad del pueblo Saharaui pp. 13-31 Juan Carlos Velázquez Elizarrarás La condición jurídica de Marruecos y España en el Sahara Occidental pp. 33-52 Juan Soroeta Liceras ¿Qué proceso de paz para el Sahara Occidental? pp. 53-68 Carlos Ruiz Miguel Los derechos humanos en el Sahara Occidental pp. 69-86 Haddamin Moulud Said Latinoamérica, Venezuela y la causa saharaui pp. 87-96 Simón Rodríguez Porras Humania del Sur 3 Humania del Sur. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos. Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. ISSN: 1856-6812, ISSN Elect.: 2244-8810 CALEIDOSCOPIO La luz del Kailash. Una historia del Zhang Zhung y el Tíbet: Una visión de conjunto y algunas refl exiones sobre la trilogía por Chögyal Namkhai Norbu pp. 99-112 Donatella Rossi Lo profano en lo sagrado: Identidad religiosa y literaria en el Rāmāyaṇa pp. 113-126 Óscar Figueroa Castro Antecedentes del Sistema de Educación Mitad Trabajo Mitad Estudio en China: Evidencias de la combinación del trabajo productivo con la enseñanza (1912-1958) pp. 127-144 David Ibarra Arana China como poder regional: El caso de Asia Central pp. 145-168 Paulo Duarte Ruanda: La historia de un pueblo El imaginario occidental como premisa de la desigualdad pp. 169-180 María Gabriela Mata Carnevali DIÁLOGO CON Mohamed-Salem Daha Lehbib “La lucha del pueblo saharaui por su libertad es reconocida por la comunidad internacional” pp. 183-190 Hernán Lucena RESEÑAS pp. 193-199 DOCUMENTOS pp. 203-204 NUESTROS COLABORADORES pp. 205-206 4 Humania del Sur Humania del Sur. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos. Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. ISSN: 1856-6812, ISSN Elect.: 2244-8810 Summary EDITORIAL pp. 9-11 DEBATE Th e Sahrawi Cause Origins of the identity of the Sahrawi people pp. 13-31 Juan Carlos Velázquez Elizarrarás Th e legal status of Morocco and Spain in Western Sahara pp. 33-52 Juan Soroeta Liceras ¿What peace process in Western Sahara? pp. 53-68 Carlos Ruiz Miguel Human Rights in Western Sahara pp. 69-86 Haddamin Moulud Said Latin America, Venezuela and the Saharawi cause pp. 87-96 Simón Rodríguez Porras Humania del Sur 5 Humania del Sur. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos. Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. ISSN: 1856-6812, ISSN Elect.: 2244-8810 KALEIDOSCOPE Th e Light of Kailash. A History of Zhang Zhung and Tibet: An Overview and some Refl ections about Chögyal Namkhai Norbu’s Trilogy pp. 99-112 Donatella Rossi Th e Profane within the Sacred: religious and literary identity in the Rāmāyaṇa pp. 113-126 Óscar Figueroa Castro Precedents of the Educational System “Half Work, Half Study” in China: Evidences of the Combination of Productive Work with Teaching (1912-1958) pp. 127-144 David Ibarra Arana China as a Regional Power: the case of Central Asia pp. 145-168 Paulo Duarte Rwanda: Th e history of a people. Th e Western imagination as a premise of inequality pp. 169-180 María Gabriela Mata Carnevali DIALOGUE WITH Mohamed-Salem Daha Lehbib “Th e Saharaui people’s struggle for freedom is recognized by the international community” pp. 183-190 Hernán Lucena BOOK REVIEWS pp. 193-199 DOCUMENTS pp. 203-204 OUR COLLABORATORS pp. 205-206 6 Humania del Sur Humania del Sur. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. Editorial pp. 7-9. Editorial La tierra donde vive el pueblo Saharaui es en la actualidad el espacio africano que sufre una de las peores consecuencias de la herencia colonial española y de los pactos neocolonizadores que la alianza internacional entre Estados Unidos, Francia, la Unión Europea y el amplio complejo de empresas multinacionales que operan en la región noroccidental del continente madre, que condujeron a entregarla al colonialismo intra-africano de Marruecos. Los ciclos de la historia mundial de la represión, las masacres, las complicidades y la hipocresía en los organismos internacionales se repiten una vez más en África. No bastó un apartheid en Sudáfrica con todos sus muertos; no bastaron las masacres de Ruanda y Burundi; no bastan los altos costos sociales que pagan los pueblos africanos en general por los golpes de Estado y los movimientos económicos occidentales y asiáticos que actúan depredadoramente en suelo africano. Tampoco se aprende la lección de las secuelas de la aplicación de las recetas neoliberales en África por parte de los propios gobiernos de la región que negocian y aplican dicho modelo econó- mico, pero luego aspiran abogar por el respeto y libre autodeterminación… sin concretar acciones efectivas para luchar contra el colonialismo intra —o extra— africano impulsado por el capital, la tecnología, las empresas y las armas de última generación. El Consejo Editorial de Humania del Sur, en esta oportunidad, presenta ante ustedes el N° 17 de esta revista (julio-diciembre 2014), cuyo Humania del Sur 7 Humania del Sur. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos. Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. ISSN: 1856-6812, ISSN Elect.: 2244-8810 tema central es La Causa Saharaui: una edición de solidaridad activa con un derecho histórico que el mundo y las Naciones Unidas deben reconocer sin postergar más la toma de una decisión que solucione esta problemática ante el peso imperante de la injusticia y la indiferencia. En la sesión de Debate, tenemos un conjunto de trabajos que abordan esta realidad. Juan Carlos Velázquez Elizarrarás nos presenta los orígenes de la identidad del pueblo Saharaui. Juan Soroeta Liceras estudia la situación jurídica de Marruecos y España en el Sahara Occidental. Carlos Ruiz Miguel analiza las dimensiones del proceso de paz para el Sahara Occi- dental. Haddamin Moulud Said afronta la grave situación en materia de derechos humanos en el Sahara Occidental. Y Simón Rodríguez Porras evalúa el papel desempeñado por Latinoamérica y Venezuela ante la causa saharaui. En esta oportunidad Caleidoscopio nos ofrece: Un estudio de Do- natella Rossi en perspectiva histórico-fi losófi ca acerca del Tíbet, el Kailash y la historia del Zhang Zhung. Una incursión de Óscar Figueroa Castro en una dimensión de la fi losofía india: la identidad religiosa y literaria en el Rāmāyaṇa. Un examen por David Ibarra Arana de los antecedentes del sistema educativo chino en el período 1912-1958. Un análisis por Paulo Duarte del poder regional de China en Asia Central. Y, por último, una presentación por María Mata de la historia del caso de Ruanda en el ima- ginario occidental Para concluir, el Editor dialoga acerca de los distintos elementos complementarios a esta problemática que vive el pueblo saharaui con Su Excelencia Mohamed Salem Daha, Embajador de la República Árabe Sa- haraui Democrática en Venezuela. Desde el Centro de Estudios de África y Asia “José Manuel Briceño Monzillo” de la Universidad de Los Andes, manifestamos nuestra denuncia con la manipulación que el gobierno de Marruecos hizo a la comunidad internacional al convocar 5.000 grupos de derechos humanos de todo el mundo a participar en la Conferencia Anual sobre Derechos Humanos en la ciudad de Marrakech el pasado 27.11.2014. ¿Cómo entender, aceptar y avalar esta estrategia del principal violador de los derechos humanos en el pueblo Saharaui y en su propio territorio, cuando el Informe Interna- 8 Humania del Sur Humania del Sur. Año 9, Nº 17. Julio-Diciembre, 2014. Editorial pp. 7-9. cional de Derechos Humanos (FIDH) condena al reino de Marruecos por la lentitud de la reforma judicial, la corrupción sistémica, la tortura y la represión de los grupos de derechos humanos marroquíes que protestan ante las injusticias cometidas por su propio gobierno? Una vez más, las faltas de libertades públicas, la violencia aplicada sobre los grupos pacifi stas y el limitar las protestas colectivas ponen en evidencia los vacíos legales para enfrentar la voz de un pueblo que no desea ser cómplice de la siembra de caos y el genocidio del pueblo saharaui. En este siglo XXI debemos ser fi rmes en voz, movilización, análisis y política exterior ante esta componenda, esta conspiración y estas nuevas alianzas. Igualmente, debemos sincerar y denunciar los discursos en “de- fensa” de la Causa Saharaui por quienes caen en contradicciones: expresar solidaridad y luego comprar minerales estratégicos a las empresas marroquíes y españolas que explotan y extraen los recursos naturales saharauis es una grave contradicción que es indispensable rectifi car.
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