HARPS-N@TNG: The GAPS Programme
A. Sozzetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino) On behalf of the GAPS Team
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The GAPS Project • GAPS, Global Architecture of Planetary Systems, is a long-term programme for the comprehensive characterization of the architectural properties of planetary systems as a function of the hosts’ characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment).
• GAPS has been approved by Italian TNG TAC: – AOT 26 (Aug 2012-Jan 2013): 36 nights – AOT 27 (Feb 2013-Jul 2013): 40 nights + long-term status proposal approved for 2 years. till Feb 2015
INAF Guidelines to TAC: to dedicate ~80 nights/year of TNG to a large coordinated effort of the Italian community willing to study exoplanets with HARPS-N.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The GAPS Team
~ 61 INAF and associated scientists in Italy; ~16 scientists from foreign institutes.
Wide range of expertise – High resolution spectroscopy – Stellar rotation and activity – Crowded stellar environments – Formation of planetary systems – Planetary dynamics
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS Team Organization
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS Science Themes
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS in a Nutshell
• Similar completeness levels • Some 4200 spectra • 1245 hrs of observing • 4 papers published • 2 new planets discovered • Several interesting candidates • A handful of papers in prep. • Over a dozen planned through Summer 2015
HARPS/ESO GTO surveys statistics after two years:
- 100 nights/yr, 800 stars, only discovery mode - 4 papers published - 7 planets discovered, 1 low-mass
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 M-Dwarfs Planet Search
• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of M0-M2 stars. • To derive the frequency of short-period (P < 100 d) low- mass planets in the low stellar mass regime • To compare it to published results. • To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar mass for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions. • To characterize the impact of stellar activity in fully convective stars. • ~100 stars selected from the INAF-led APACHE transit survey catalog. • A synergistic effort with an analogous program on Spanish time at TNG (GAPS-EXOTEAM MoU)
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 M Star Sample Statistics
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 ‘False’ Detections
But:
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Emerging Strong Candidates
No BIS-RV corr.
APACHE: ~8d
Ca S-index: 16d
BIS-RV: no corr.
A second peak at 30 d likely induced by stellar activity
Affer et al. In prep. Photometrically ‘quiet’ (Serra La Nave data)
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Metalpoor Planet Search
• A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of moderately (−1.0 < [Fe/H] < −0.5 approximately) metal-poor stars. • To derive the frequency of Neptunes and Super-Earths (P < 100 d) in the metal-poor regime • To compare it to published results for solar metallicity stars. • To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar metallicity for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions. • 60 stars selected from the Keck/HIRES metal-poor sample. • Cross-talk with the ESO/HARPS LP
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 RV rms Distribution
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Emerging Results
Exoplanet detections: several short-period candidates under follow-up
Sensitivity Limits: very well in line with the goals of the program
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 OC Planet Search
• Open Clusters (OCs): ages, metallicites and distances, as well as stellar masses and radii more precise than for field stars
• Role of dynamical and chemical environment on planet formation
• Ultimate goal: direct estimate of frequency of close-in planets in OCs
• Chosen M44 (younger) and NGC 752 (older), membership and sample selection of ~120 slowly rotating F-G-K members
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 A Long-Period Companion to OC102
Malavolta et al. In prep.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Targets for Follow-up
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect Program
• Derive the orbital obliquity for a range of planet and host properties (i.e. Porb, Mp, M*, age)
• Characterize orbits and physical properties of transiting systems containing hot GPs (thanks to synergy with KP program)
• Address planetary orbit evolution issues, and find clues to migration mechanisms and star-planet tidal interactions
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 vsin i=1.7±0.3 km/s = -7 ± 8 deg
2012 Sep 03
P =1.42002449 ±0.0000010 d
Transit duration: ~1.62 hours Covino et al. (2013) A&A 554, 28 24‘La-25 Ricerca October dei2013 Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS III. HAT-P-18b retrograde orbit
Phot. from 1.5m@Loiano HARPS-N RM-effect data
VsinI =1.4 ±0.5 λ = 168 ± 30
Phot.Porb ~ data 5.5 d from 1.5 @ Loiano (LMa) Host: V~12.8 K7V T =4860±70K Mp ~ 0.2 MJ Rp~1.0 RJ eff logg =4.5±0.1 [Fe/H]= 0.11 ±0.09 Esposito et al. 2014 A&A 564 L13
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 New R-M Effect Results
λ = -120 ± 15 λ = 10 ± 20
vsinI = 3.3 km/s
VsinI = 2.0 km/s
Retrograde system with a half- Aligned system with a Jupiter- Jupiter mass planet transiting a mass planet transiting a low- solar-mass star on 4.3d orbit mass star on 1.3d orbit 14 targets successfully observed. See Covino’s talk
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Known Planets Program
Three components:
•Stars with long period giant planets (search for low mass planets in close orbits, i.e. scaled solar system analogs). Complementary to the ongoing HARPS/ESO program
•A small sample of stars with known planetary systems for further characterization
•Transiting planets (system characterization, search for additional planets)
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Killing Planet (KP) program Early results: HIP 11952
No giant planets around the very metal poor star HIP 11952. Desidera, Sozzetti et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A29 22 GAPS PM2 4/4/13‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 A Planetary System For XO-2S
Desidera, Bonomo, Claudi et al. 2014, A&A, 567, L6:
Two giant planets around the southern component!
K1=58 m/s P1=18 d K2=20 m/s P2=120 d rms=3 m/s
http://www.media.inaf.it/2014/07/02/gemelli-diversi/
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 XO-2 Global System Analysis (Damasso et al., in prep.)
Stellar rotation periods (from APACHE) Long-term trend in the RVs of XO-2N
Differential Abundance Analysis
Determination of activity levels
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The Curious Case of...
Sozzetti, Bonomo, Biazzo et al. In prep.
Now the second lowest-density transiting Hot Jupiter known!
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 A Low-Mass Planet Candidate
. A low-mass planet .K dwarf with low amplitude variations in candidate around a residuals (rms 2.37 m/s) stars hosting a long- .Periodicity at 12.4d. FAP<1/10000 period giant planet .No correlation with activity and line profiles
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014
SPI-Asteroseismic Program
a) The characterization of the tidal interaction between the planets and their host stars b) The impact of star-planet interactions on stellar activity c) The betterment of relevant physical parameters (masses, radii, rotation periods, differential rotation, ages) d) Sample selection: a few planet-hosting stars.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Tau Boo - Asteroseismology
Asteroseismic approach preserves the possibility to improve the orbit of the planet around Tau Boo.
HARPS-N + Literature
Borsa et al. In prep.
At the same time, high- quality, fast-cadence 1-min exposures allowed us to detect very small fluctuations, probably due to solar-like oscillations.
The final goal is to demonstrate asteroseismological approach to infer stellar parameters.
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 HD 17156 - SPMI
• Coordinated HARPS-N@TNG (AOT30) and XMM-Newton observations of HD 17156 for testing the onset of SPMI effects at periastron in a system with a massive planet in a very eccentric orbit around a Sun-like star
• Target already part of the KP program
• Two HARPS-N spectra with very high S/N ratio obtained in Sep 2014
• Analysis ongoing
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Take-Home Message
• HARPS-N@TNG is the state-of-the-art of high-res, high-prec. optical spectroscopy in the Northern hemisphere
• It can reproduce the successes obtained by HARPS-S in exoplanets science (and stellar astrophysics), and it’s easily accessible to the Italian community
• It does require a very large investment in observing time -> strategic thinking and decision-making approach
• It acted as catalyst for GAPS, that is demonstrating it in turn to be a very successful undertaking
‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014