DOCSLIB.ORG

Spectrum | Maxplanckresearch 2/2012: New Energy Through

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spectrum | Maxplanckresearch 2/2012: New Energy Through SPECTRUM Mine, Mine, Mine! A lack of impulse control prevents children from sharing fairly – even though they understand the benefits of sharing If children do not share fairly with each other, it may not nec- er, according to researchers at the Max Planck Institute for essarily be due to a lack of insight. They understand very ear- Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, it takes some ly on that fairness and generosity can be beneficial. Howev- time before they possess the neuronal requirements to act in accordance with this understanding. Researchers tested children between the ages of 6 and 13 in var- ious game situations in which the children were ex- pected to share with another child. Most of the old- er children, like adults, made fairer offers if there was a chance that their counterpart could refuse the offer. If this happened, in this particular game, both parties left empty-handed. The younger children, on the other hand, did not behave more fairly in this game, running the risk that their partner would not accept an unfair offer and they would both end up with nothing. Measurements taken with a mag- netic resonance scanner showed that the lateral pre- frontal cortex – an area of the brain that, among other things, is necessary for controlling a person’s own behavior – was less active in younger children than in older subjects. (Neuron, March 8, 2012) Sharing fairly at elementary school age – easier said than done: A region of the brain that holds the key to behavior control develops gradually in children. Catalyst for Cleaner Air The atmosphere has a robust capacity to clean itself, thanks duced mainly in tropical rainforests. Until now, it was to the consistent recycling of its cleaning agents – hydrox- known only for consuming hydroxyl radicals during its yl radicals. These are generated in the atmosphere by UV chemical cleaning. This is also the case when there are high light, from water and ozone, and break down organic com- concentrations of hydroxyls in the air. At low concentra- pounds in the air. Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for tions, however, isoprene is broken down through a chem- Chemistry in Mainz have now clarified exactly how the ical mechanism in which more of the atmospheric clean- radicals are recycled. According to their findings, the reac- ing agents are produced than are removed. Isoprene thus tive molecules can be produced when isoprene is broken acts as a buffer that can diminish the increase in green- down. As a key component of essential oils, isoprene is house gases and other air pollutants. (Nature Geoscience on- emitted into the atmosphere by plants, and is thus pro- line, February 26, 2012) OH recycling during the day (%) OH recycling at night (%) 110 80°N 80°N 100 90 40°N 40°N 80 The world maps show how 70 efficiently hydroxyl radicals 60 are recycled during the day 0°N 0°N 50 and at night. During the day, 40 they are formed mainly over forests, while at night, effi- 40°S 40°S 30 20 ciency is generally high over 10 continental regions. 80 80 °S °S 0 100° W 0° 100° E 100° W 0° 100° E Photo: MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; graphics: Chemistry – Domenico Taraborrelli 42 MaxPlanckResearch 2 | 12 Direct Genetic Exchange Plants transfer the genetic material in their chloroplasts to contact zones Grafting is a popular agricultural meth- passed on to the next generation. In od for combining plant characteristics. their experiments, the researchers graft- But it is not only humans who enhance ed two species of wild tobacco onto a fruit trees and garden plants in this way cultivated species. Their analyses showed – plants themselves also grow together that the cultivated species transferred its naturally if they touch. Scientists at the chloroplast genome unchanged to the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant two wild species. Like bacteria, plants Physiology in Potsdam discovered that can also exchange genes without repro- the plants can exchange their chloro- ducing. Researchers do not yet know plasts together with their genes for pho- how the chloroplasts leave their original tosynthesis. The genetic material in the habitat and seek out a new cell. transferred chloroplasts can even be (PNAS, January 30, 2012, published online) A natural graft between a birch (left) and an oak. At the point of contact, the two species, which cannot be hybridized, can exchange genes. Wandering Powerhouse in the Crab Nebula Thoughts Pulsars are some of the most exotic ob- line of sight, the star flashes for a mo- While reading this article, it is highly jects in outer space. They are the rem- ment, just like a signal from a light- likely that your thoughts will wander nants of burnt-out stars – extremely house. The pulsar in the center of the briefly, again and again. Despite this, dense spheres of neutrons with a mass Crab Nebula is particularly strong. you will still recall most of what you similar to that of the Sun, but with a This was confirmed by an internation- have read immediately afterwards. diameter of just 20 kilometers. These al team of researchers that included According to researchers at the Max neutron stars rotate on their axes for scientists from the Max Planck Insti- Planck Institute for Human Cognitive a period of between one millisecond tute of Physics, using two MAGIC tele- and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, short- and ten seconds, emitting charged scopes in La Palma in the Canary Is- term memory allows humans to per- particles. They move along magnetic lands. They observed the cosmic bun- form routine tasks while allowing field lines and emit radiation in al- dle of energy in the gamma-ray region their minds to wander. As the re- most the entire electromagnetic spec- from 25 to 400 gigaelectronvolts (GeV), searchers determined in memory trum. If one of these beams crosses the a region that was previously difficult tests, there is a correlation between to access, and discovered that the pul- the mental working memory capaci- sar emits pulses lasting approximately ty and an unhindered stream of one millisecond with a maximum thoughts: participants in the study measurable energy of up to 400 GeV – who had a greater short-term memo- at least 50 times more than theorists ry capacity allowed their minds to thought possible. “In the final analy- wander more frequently during rou- sis, there must be processes behind this tine tasks, yet still managed to per- that are as yet unknown,” says Razmik form the tasks without any problems. Mirzoyan from the Max Planck Insti- However, we are not completely at the tute of Physics. (Astronomy & Astrophysics, mercy of the capacity of our short- March 30, 2012) term memory: by paying more atten- tion to a task, we can compensate for Cosmic lighthouse: The Crab Pulsar emits a lower working memory capacity. gamma-ray pulses measuring up to 400 (Psychological Science, March 14, 2012, pub- gigaelectronvolts (GeV) – at least 50 times lished online) higher than theorists thought possible. Photos: MPI for Molecular Biomedicine (top), MAGIC collaboration (bottom) 2 | 12 MaxPlanckResearch 43 SPECTRUM Fossil Planets Astronomers discover a solar system from the universe’s early days A glimpse into alien worlds: An artist’s impression of the star HIP 11952 in the Cetus (“whale”) constellation and its two Jupiter-like planets. The two celestial bodies orbit their parent star in 7 and 290 days. came into existence just one billion years after the Big Bang. “The planets probably formed when our galaxy itself was still a baby,” says Johny Setiawan from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy. Conse- quently, the star contains essentially only hydrogen and helium, which were by far the most abundant elements in the early universe. All heavy elements – which as- tronomers call “metals” – were produced only over the course of billions of years in- side stars, and then flung into space as su- pernova explosions. This, in turn, should favor the formation of planets, since, ac- cording to traditional models, planets emerge in metal-rich clouds around stars. This means that the formation of planets around metal-poor stars should be an ex- tremely rare occurrence. However, astron- The discovery of planets that orbit distant suns is part and omers discovered another solar system of a similar age just parcel of everyday astronomical life. So the discovery of the two years ago. They conclude from this that new planets are new system around HIP 11952, a star with two planets locat- obviously formed during all periods of cosmic history. Why ed some 375 light-years away, is itself nothing special. How- and how? The researchers want to conduct further observa- ever, HIP 11952 is 12.8 billion years old – in other words, it tions to find out. (Astronomy & Astrophysics, March 5, 2012) Molecules as Radio Stations Radio communication is now possible at an elemental lev- el: Scientists at the ETH Zurich and the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen used two molecules as antennas and transmitted signals between them in the form of individual photons, or light particles. Since a single pho- ton usually interacts very little with a molecule, the scien- tists had to use some experimental tricks to ensure that the recipient molecule registered the light signal. This includ- ed, for example, directing the transmitted photon to the re- cipient molecule using powerful lenses. They also matched the color of the emitted photon very closely with the color that the other molecule can receive. A radio connection communicated through individual photons would be suit- able for various applications of quantum communication, such as quantum encryption, or in a quantum computer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Planetary System from the Early Universe 27 March 2012
    A planetary system from the early Universe 27 March 2012 This suggests a key question: Originally, the universe contained almost no chemical elements other than hydrogen and helium. Almost all heavier elements have been produced, over time inside stars, and then flung into space as massive stars end their lives in giant explosions (supernovae). So what about planet formation under conditions like those of the very early universe, say: 13 billion years ago? If metal-rich stars are more likely to form planets, are there, conversely, stars with a metal content so low that they cannot form planets at all? And if the answer is yes, then when, throughout cosmic history, should we expect the Artist's impression of HIP 11952 and its two Jupiter-like very first planets to form? planets. Image: Timotheos Samartzidis Now a group of astronomers, including researchers from the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany, has discovered a planetary A group of European astronomers has discovered system that could help provide answers to those an ancient planetary system that is likely to be a questions. As part of a survey targeting especially survivor from one of the earliest cosmic eras, 13 metal-poor stars, they identified two giant planets billion years ago. The system consists of the star around a star known by its catalogue number as HIP 11952 and two planets, which have orbital HIP 11952, a star in the constellation Cetus ("the periods of 290 and 7 days, respectively. Whereas whale" or "the sea monster") at a distance of about planets usually form within clouds that include 375 light-years from Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • RAFT I: Discovery of New Planetary Candidates and Updated Orbits from Archival FEROS Spectra
    Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000–000 (0000) Printed 26 May 2015 (MN LATEX style file v2.2) RAFT I: Discovery of new planetary candidates and updated orbits from archival FEROS spectra M. G. Soto,⋆ J. S. Jenkins,⋆ M. I. Jones† ⋆Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile email: [email protected] †Department of Electrical Engineering and Center of Astro-Engineering UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT A recent reanalysis of archival data has lead several authors to arrive at strikingly different conclusions for a number of planet-hosting candidate stars. In particular, some radial veloci- ties measured using FEROS spectra have been shown to be inaccurate, throwing some doubt on the validity of a number of planet detections. Motivated by these results, we have begun the Reanalysis of Archival FEROS specTra (RAFT) program and here we discuss the first results from this work. We have reanalyzed FEROS data for the stars HD 11977, HD 47536, HD 70573, HD 110014 and HD 122430, all of which are claimed to have at least one plane- tary companion. We have reduced the raw data and computed the radial velocity variations of these stars, achieving a long-term precision of ∼ 10ms−1 on the known stable star τ Ceti, and in good agreement with the residuals to our fits. We confirm the existence of planets around HD 11977, HD 47536 and HD 110014, but with different orbital parameters than those pre- viously published. In addition, we found no evidence of the second planet candidate around HD 47536, nor any companions orbiting HD 122430 and HD 70573.
    [Show full text]
  • Photometric Transit Search for Planets Around Cool Stars from Thè Western Italian Alps: Thè APACHE Survey
    UNIVERSITÀ' DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE XXV CICLO DEL DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN FISICA Photometric transit search for planets around cool stars from thè Western Italian Alps: thè APACHE survey Ph.D. program Di.rector: Prof. Paolo Camerini The.sis Supervisori*: Ph. D. student: -fit-—' Prof. Mario G. Lattauzzi IU+*i. {. fat)tfto Paolo Giacobbe Prof .essa Francesea Matteucci Dr. Alessandro Bozzetti ANNO ACCADEMICO 2012/2013 UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE XXV CICLO DEL DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN FISICA Photometric transit search for planets around cool stars from the Western Italian Alps: the APACHE survey Ph.D. program Director: Prof. Paolo Camerini Ph.D. student: Thesis Supervisors: Paolo Giacobbe Prof. Mario G. Lattanzi Prof.essa Francesca Matteucci Dr. Alessandro Sozzetti ANNO ACCADEMICO 2012/2013 You find out that life is just a game of inches. Al Pacino's Inch By Inch speech in `Any Given Sunday' UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE Abstract Photometric transit search for planets around cool stars from the Western Italian Alps: the APACHE survey by Paolo Giacobbe Small-size ground-based telescopes can effectively be used to look for transiting rocky planets around nearby low-mass M stars using the photometric transit method. Since 2008, a consortium of the Astrophysical Observatory of Torino (OATo-INAF) and the Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley (OAVdA) have been preparing for the long-term photometric survey APACHE (A PAthway toward the Characterization of Habitable Earths), aimed at finding transiting small-size plan- ets around thousands of nearby early and mid-M dwarfs. APACHE uses an array of five dedicated and identical 40-cm Ritchey-Chretien telescopes and its routine science operations started at the beginning of summer 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Publication List (25 June 2015)
    Prof. Dr. Th. Henning, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg Publication list (25 June 2015) Papers in refereed journals 1. Henning, Th.: The Analytical Calculation of the Second Spherical Exponential In- tegral, Astron. Nachr. 303 (1982), 125-126. 2. Henning, Th.: A Model of the 10 Micrometer Silicate Feature in the Spectra of BN-like IR-Point Sources, Astron. Nachr. 303 (1982), 117-124. 3. Henning, Th., G¨urtler,J., Dorschner, J.: Observationally-Based Infrared Efficiencies and Planck Means for Circumstellar Dust Grains, Astr. Space Sci. 94 (1983), 333- 349. 4. Henning, Th.: The Nature of the 10 and 20 Micrometer Features in Circumstellar Dust Shells, Astr. Space Sci. 97 (1983), 405-419. 5. Henning, Th., Friedemann, C., G¨urtler,J., Dorschner, J.: A Catalogue of Extremely Young Massive and Compact Infrared Objects, Astron. Nachr. 305 (1984), 67-78. 6. Henning, Th.: Parameters of Very Young and Massive Stars with Dust Shells, Astr. Space Sci. 114 (1985), 401-411. 7. G¨urtler,J., Henning, Th., Dorschner, J., Friedemann, C.: On the Properties of Very Young Massive Infrared Sources, Astron. Nachr. 306 (1985), 311-327. 8. Henning, Th., Svatos, J.: Stability of Amorphous Circumstellar Silicate Grains, Astron. Nachr. 307 (1986), 49-52. 9. Henning, Th.: Mass Loss from Very Young Massive Stars, Astron. Nachr. 307 (1986), 119-127. 10. Dorschner, J., Friedemann, C., G¨urtler,J., Henning, Th., Wagner, H.: Amorphous Bronzite { A Silicate of Astronomical Importance, MNRAS 218 (1986), 37-40. 11. Henning, Th., G¨urtler,J.: BN Objects { A Class of Very Young and Massive Stars, Astr. Space Sci.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Thesis Pinamonti Final.Pdf
    ii Riassunto Rivelazione e caratterizzazione dell'architettura orbitale di sistemi planetari intorno a stelle fredde Le nane M si sono dimostrate dei target affascinanti per la ricerca di esopianeti, grazie alla crescente evidenza dalle survey di transiti (ad esempio Kepler) e di velocit`aradiali (ad esempio HARPS ed HARPS-N), anche se diversi ostacoli intralciano la ricerca e l'analisi di sistemi planetari intorno ad esse. Per queste ragioni, `edi fondamentale importanza intensificare gli sforzi rivolti alla rive- lazione e caratterizzazione di pianeti extrasolari intorno a nane M, poich´ele nuove scoperte contribuiranno a portare il supporto statistico necessario allo studio di classi peculiari di pianeti, mentre la precisa caratterizzazione orbitale sia di sistemi noti che appena scoperti aiuter`aa vincolare meglio i processi di for- mazione e migrazione planetaria. Le molte domande aperte sulle nane M ospiti e sui loro sistemi planetari, e lo sviluppi di nuove metodologie per investigarle, sono la base delle motivazioni del mio lavoro di Dottorato. Nella mia tesi, per prima cosa presento la tematica dei sistemi esoplane- tari intorno a nane M, sia dal punto di vista osservativo che statistico. Poi riporto il mio lavoro di analisi delle prestazioni di tre diverse tipi di anal- isi di periodogramma, il \Generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram" (GLS), la sua versione modificata che sfrutta la statistica bayesiana (BGLS), ed il pe- riodogramma multifrequenza chiamato FREquency DEComposer (FREDEC), motivato dall’ubiquit`adi sistemi multipli di pianeti di piccola massa. I risultati illustrati sostengono la necessit`adi rafforzare e sviluppare ulteriormente le pi`u aggressive ed efficaci strategie per la robusta identificazione di segnali planetari di piccola ampiezza nei dati di velocit`aradiale.
    [Show full text]
  • Pos(FRAPWS2016)069 , I
    The GAPS Project: First Results S. Benatti∗1†, R.Claudi1, S. Desidera1, R. Gratton1, A.F. Lanza2, G. Micela3, I. PoS(FRAPWS2016)069 Pagano2, G. Piotto4, A. Sozzetti5, C. Boccato1, R. Cosentino6, E. Covino7, A. Maggio3, E. Molinari6, E. Poretti8, R. Smareglia9 and the GAPS Team 1 INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Padova 2 INAF - Astrophysical Observatory of Catania 3 INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Palermo 4 University of Padova, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy 5 INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Torino 6 INAF - TNG, Fundación Galileo Galilei 7 INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte 8 INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Brera 9 INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Trieste E-mail: [email protected] The GAPS programme is an Italian project aiming to search and characterize extra-solar planetary systems around stars with different characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment). GAPS was born in 2012, when single research groups joined in order to propose a long-term multi-purpose observing program for the exploitation of the extraordinary performances of the HARPS-N spec- trograph, mounted at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. Now this group is a concerted community in which wide range of expertise and capabilities are shared in order to reach a more important role in the wider international context. We present the results achieved up to now from the GAPS radial velocity survey: they were obtained in both the two main objectives of the project, the planet detection and the characterization of already known exoplanetary systems. With GAPS we detected, for instance, the first confirmed binary system in which both components host plan- ets [1], the first planetary system around a star in an open cluster [2], a system of Super-Earths orbiting an M-dwarf star [3].
    [Show full text]
  • The K2-Esprint Project. Ii. Spectroscopic Follow-Up of Three Exoplanet Systems from Campaign 1 of K2
    THE K2-ESPRINT PROJECT. II. SPECTROSCOPIC FOLLOW-UP OF THREE EXOPLANET SYSTEMS FROM CAMPAIGN 1 OF K2 The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Eylen, Vincent Van, Grzegorz Nowak, Simon Albrecht, Enric Palle, Ignasi Ribas, Hans Bruntt, Manuel Perger, et al. “ THE K 2-ESPRINT PROJECT. II. SPECTROSCOPIC FOLLOW-UP OF THREE EXOPLANET SYSTEMS FROM CAMPAIGN 1 OF K 2 .” The Astrophysical Journal 820, no. 1 (March 17, 2016): 56. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/820/1/56. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637x/820/1/56 Publisher IOP Publishing Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108229 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The Astrophysical Journal, 820:56 (8pp), 2016 March 20 doi:10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/56 © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. THE K2-ESPRINT PROJECT. II. SPECTROSCOPIC FOLLOW-UP OF THREE EXOPLANET SYSTEMS FROM CAMPAIGN 1 OF K2* Vincent Van Eylen1,2, Grzegorz Nowak3,4, Simon Albrecht1, Enric Palle3,4, Ignasi Ribas5, Hans Bruntt1, Manuel Perger5, Davide Gandolfi6,7, Teriyuki Hirano8, Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda9,16, Amanda Kiilerich1, Jorge Prieto-Arranz3,4, Mariona Badenas10, Fei Dai2, Hans J. Deeg3,4, Eike W. Guenther11, Pilar Montañés-Rodrigueź 3,4, Norio Narita12,13,14, Leslie A. Rogers15,Victoŕ J. S. Béjar3,4, Tushar S. Shrotriya1, Joshua N.
    [Show full text]
  • HARPS-N @ TNG, Two Years Harvesting Data: Performances and Results
    HARPS-N @ TNG, two years harvesting data: Performances and results Rosario Cosentino1, Christophe Lovis2, Francesco Pepe2, Andrew Collier Cameron3, David W. Latham4, Emilio Molinari1, Stephane Udry2, Naidu Bezawada6, Nicolas Buchschacher2, Pedro Figueira5, Michel Fleury2, Adriano Ghedina1, Manuel Gonzalez1, Jose Guerra1, David Henry6, Ian Hughes2, Charles Maire2, Fatemeh Motalebi2, David Forrest Phillips4 1-INAF – TNG, 2-Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève Switzerland, 3-SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy University of St Andrews UK, 4-Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics USA, 5- Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 6-UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford hill, Edinburgh, UK ABSTRACT The planet hunter HARPS-N[1], in operation at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG)[13] from April 2012 is a high- resolution spectrograph designed to achieve a very high radial velocity precision measurement thanks to an ultra stable environment and in a temperature-controlled vacuum. The main part of the observing time was devoted to Kepler field and achieved a very important result with the discovery of a terrestrial exoplanet. After two year of operation, we are able to show the performances and the results of the instrument. Keywords: Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, HARPS-North, high resolution, spectrograph, instrumentation, telescope, exoplanets, radial velocity 1. INTRODUCTION The planet hunter HARPS-N began its commissioning phase at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) in April 2012 and in August was offered to the astronomical community. HARPS-N is an echelle spectrograph which allows the measurement of radial velocities with the highest accuracy available in the northern hemisphere and is designed to avoid spectral drifts due to temperature and air pressure variations via very accurate control of these parameters.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report Publications 2012
    Publications Publications in refereed journals based on ESO data (2012) The ESO Library maintains the ESO Telescope Bibliography (telbib) and is responsible for providing paper-based statistics. Access to the database for the years 1996 to present as well as information on basic publication statistics are available through the public interface of telbib (http://telbib.eso.org) and from the “Basic ESO Publication Statistics” document (http://www.eso.org/sci/libraries/edocs/ESO/ESOstats.pdf), respectively. In the list below, only those papers are included that are based on data from ESO facilities for which observing time is evaluated by the Observing Programmes Committee (OPC). Publications that use data from non-ESO telescopes or observations obtained during ‘private’ observing time are not listed here. Acharova, I.A., Mishurov, Y.N. & Kovtyukh, V.V. 2012, Alaghband-Zadeh, S., Chapman, S.C., Swinbank, A.M., Galactic restrictions on iron production by various Smail, I., Harrison, C.M., Alexander, D.M., Casey, types of supernovae, MNRAS, 420, 1590 C.M., Davé, R., Narayanan, D., Tamura, Y. & Umehata, Adami, C., Jouvel, S., Guennou, L., Le Brun, V., Durret, H. 2012, Integral field spectroscopy of 2.0< z<2.7 F., Clement, B., Clerc, N., Comerón, S., Ilbert, O., Lin, submillimetre galaxies: gas morphologies and Y., Russeil, D. & Seemann, U. 2012, Comparison of kinematics, MNRAS, 424, 2232 the properties of two fossil groups of galaxies with the Albrecht, S., Winn, J.N., Butler, R.P., Crane, J.D., normal group NGC 6034 based on multiband imaging Shectman, S.A., Thompson, I.B., Hirano, T. & and optical spectroscopy, A&A, 540, 105 Wittenmyer, R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Photometry Using Mid-Sized Nanosatellites
    Feasibility-Study for Space-Based Transit Photometry using Mid-sized Nanosatellites by Rachel Bowens-Rubin Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2012 @ Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2012. All rights reserved. A uthor .. ............... ................ Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science May 18, 2012 C ertified by .................. ........ ........................... Sara Seager Professor, Departments of Physics and EAPS Thesis Supervisor VIZ ~ Accepted by.......,.... Robert D. van der Hilst Schulumberger Professor of Geosciences and Head, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science 2 Feasibility-Study for Space-Based Transit Photometry using Mid-sized Nanosatellites by Rachel Bowens-Rubin Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science on May 18, 2012, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science Abstract The photometric precision needed to measure a transit of small planets cannot be achieved by taking observations from the ground, so observations must be made from space. Mid-sized nanosatellites can provide a low-cost option for building an optical system to take these observations. The potential of using nanosatellites of varying sizes to perform transit measurements was evaluated using a theoretical noise budget, simulated exoplanet-transit data, and case studies to determine the expected results of a radial velocity followup mission and transit survey mission. Optical systems on larger mid-sized nanosatellites (such as ESPA satellites) have greater potential than smaller mid-sized nanosatellites (such as CubeSats) to detect smaller planets, detect planets around dimmer stars, and discover more transits in RV followup missions.
    [Show full text]
  • HARPS-N@TNG: the GAPS Programme
    HARPS-N@TNG: The GAPS Programme A. Sozzetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino) On behalf of the GAPS Team ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The GAPS Project • GAPS, Global Architecture of Planetary Systems, is a long-term programme for the comprehensive characterization of the architectural properties of planetary systems as a function of the hosts’ characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment). • GAPS has been approved by Italian TNG TAC: – AOT 26 (Aug 2012-Jan 2013): 36 nights – AOT 27 (Feb 2013-Jul 2013): 40 nights + long-term status proposal approved for 2 years. till Feb 2015 INAF Guidelines to TAC: to dedicate ~80 nights/year of TNG to a large coordinated effort of the Italian community willing to study exoplanets with HARPS-N. ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The GAPS Team ~ 61 INAF and associated scientists in Italy; ~16 scientists from foreign institutes. Wide range of expertise – High resolution spectroscopy – Stellar rotation and activity – Crowded stellar environments – Formation of planetary systems – Planetary dynamics ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS Team Organization ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS Science Themes ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS in a Nutshell • Similar completeness levels • Some 4200 spectra • 1245 hrs of observing • 4 papers published • 2 new planets discovered • Several interesting candidates • A handful of papers in prep. • Over a dozen planned through Summer 2015 HARPS/ESO GTO surveys statistics after two years: - 100 nights/yr, 800 stars, only discovery mode - 4 papers published - 7 planets discovered, 1 low-mass ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 M-Dwarfs Planet Search • A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of M0-M2 stars.
    [Show full text]
  • Planetary Companions Around the Metal-Poor Star HIP 11952
    A&A 540, A141 (2012) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117826 & c ESO 2012 Astrophysics Planetary companions around the metal-poor star HIP 11952 J. Setiawan1, V. Roccatagliata2,1, D. Fedele3, Th. Henning1,A.Pasquali4, M. V. Rodríguez-Ledesma1,5,E.Caffau4, U. Seemann5,6, and R. J. Klement7,1 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 4 Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, Mönchhofstrasse, 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 5 Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany 6 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany 7 University of Würzburg, Department of Radiation Oncology, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Received 4 August 2011 / Accepted 27 February 2012 ABSTRACT Aims. We carried out a radial-velocity survey to search for planets around metal-poor stars. In this paper we report the discovery of two planets around HIP 11952, a metal-poor star with [Fe/H] = −1.9 that belongs to our target sample. Methods. Radial velocity variations of HIP 11952 were monitored systematically with FEROS at the 2.2 m telescope located at the ESO La Silla observatory from August 2009 until January 2011. We used a cross-correlation technique to measure the stellar radial velocities (RV). Results. We detected a long-period RV variation of 290 d and a short-period one of 6.95 d.
    [Show full text]