HARPS-N@TNG: The GAPS Programme A. Sozzetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino) On behalf of the GAPS Team ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The GAPS Project • GAPS, Global Architecture of Planetary Systems, is a long-term programme for the comprehensive characterization of the architectural properties of planetary systems as a function of the hosts’ characteristics (mass, metallicity, environment). • GAPS has been approved by Italian TNG TAC: – AOT 26 (Aug 2012-Jan 2013): 36 nights – AOT 27 (Feb 2013-Jul 2013): 40 nights + long-term status proposal approved for 2 years. till Feb 2015 INAF Guidelines to TAC: to dedicate ~80 nights/year of TNG to a large coordinated effort of the Italian community willing to study exoplanets with HARPS-N. ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The GAPS Team ~ 61 INAF and associated scientists in Italy; ~16 scientists from foreign institutes. Wide range of expertise – High resolution spectroscopy – Stellar rotation and activity – Crowded stellar environments – Formation of planetary systems – Planetary dynamics ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS Team Organization ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS Science Themes ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS in a Nutshell • Similar completeness levels • Some 4200 spectra • 1245 hrs of observing • 4 papers published • 2 new planets discovered • Several interesting candidates • A handful of papers in prep. • Over a dozen planned through Summer 2015 HARPS/ESO GTO surveys statistics after two years: - 100 nights/yr, 800 stars, only discovery mode - 4 papers published - 7 planets discovered, 1 low-mass ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 M-Dwarfs Planet Search • A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of M0-M2 stars. • To derive the frequency of short-period (P < 100 d) low- mass planets in the low stellar mass regime • To compare it to published results. • To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar mass for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions. • To characterize the impact of stellar activity in fully convective stars. • ~100 stars selected from the INAF-led APACHE transit survey catalog. • A synergistic effort with an analogous program on Spanish time at TNG (GAPS-EXOTEAM MoU) ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 M Star Sample Statistics ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 ‘False’ Detections But: ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Emerging Strong Candidates No BIS-RV corr. APACHE: ~8d Ca S-index: 16d BIS-RV: no corr. A second peak at 30 d likely induced by stellar activity Affer et al. In prep. Photometrically ‘quiet’ (Serra La Nave data) ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Metalpoor Planet Search • A HARPS-N search for Neptunes and Super-Earths (M < 20 M⊕) around a sample of moderately (−1.0 < [Fe/H] < −0.5 approximately) metal-poor stars. • To derive the frequency of Neptunes and Super-Earths (P < 100 d) in the metal-poor regime • To compare it to published results for solar metallicity stars. • To characterize the architecture of planetary systems as a function of stellar metallicity for useful comparison with theoretical model predictions. • 60 stars selected from the Keck/HIRES metal-poor sample. • Cross-talk with the ESO/HARPS LP ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 RV rms Distribution ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Emerging Results Exoplanet detections: several short-period candidates under follow-up Sensitivity Limits: very well in line with the goals of the program ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 OC Planet Search • Open Clusters (OCs): ages, metallicites and distances, as well as stellar masses and radii more precise than for field stars • Role of dynamical and chemical environment on planet formation • Ultimate goal: direct estimate of frequency of close-in planets in OCs • Chosen M44 (younger) and NGC 752 (older), membership and sample selection of ~120 slowly rotating F-G-K members ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 A Long-Period Companion to OC102 Malavolta et al. In prep. ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Targets for Follow-up ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect Program • Derive the orbital obliquity for a range of planet and host properties (i.e. Porb, Mp, M*, age) • Characterize orbits and physical properties of transiting systems containing hot GPs (thanks to synergy with KP program) • Address planetary orbit evolution issues, and find clues to migration mechanisms and star-planet tidal interactions ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 vsin i=1.7±0.3 km/s = -7 ± 8 deg 2012 Sep 03 P =1.42002449 ±0.0000010 d Transit duration: ~1.62 hours Covino et al. (2013) A&A 554, 28 24‘La-25 Ricerca October dei2013 Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 GAPS III. HAT-P-18b retrograde orbit Phot. from 1.5m@Loiano HARPS-N RM-effect data VsinI =1.4 ±0.5 λ = 168 ± 30 Phot.Porb ~ data 5.5 d from 1.5 @ Loiano (LMa) Host: V~12.8 K7V T =4860±70K Mp ~ 0.2 MJ Rp~1.0 RJ eff logg =4.5±0.1 [Fe/H]= 0.11 ±0.09 Esposito et al. 2014 A&A 564 L13 ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 New R-M Effect Results λ = -120 ± 15 λ = 10 ± 20 vsinI = 3.3 km/s VsinI = 2.0 km/s Retrograde system with a half- Aligned system with a Jupiter- Jupiter mass planet transiting a mass planet transiting a low- solar-mass star on 4.3d orbit mass star on 1.3d orbit 14 targets successfully observed. See Covino’s talk ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Known Planets Program Three components: •Stars with long period giant planets (search for low mass planets in close orbits, i.e. scaled solar system analogs). Complementary to the ongoing HARPS/ESO program •A small sample of stars with known planetary systems for further characterization •Transiting planets (system characterization, search for additional planets) ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Killing Planet (KP) program Early results: HIP 11952 No giant planets around the very metal poor star HIP 11952. Desidera, Sozzetti et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A29 22 GAPS PM2 4/4/13‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 A Planetary System For XO-2S Desidera, Bonomo, Claudi et al. 2014, A&A, 567, L6: Two giant planets around the southern component! K1=58 m/s P1=18 d K2=20 m/s P2=120 d rms=3 m/s http://www.media.inaf.it/2014/07/02/gemelli-diversi/ ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 XO-2 Global System Analysis (Damasso et al., in prep.) Stellar rotation periods (from APACHE) Long-term trend in the RVs of XO-2N Differential Abundance Analysis Determination of activity levels ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 The Curious Case of... Sozzetti, Bonomo, Biazzo et al. In prep. Now the second lowest-density transiting Hot Jupiter known! ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 A Low-Mass Planet Candidate . A low-mass planet .K dwarf with low amplitude variations in candidate around a residuals (rms 2.37 m/s) stars hosting a long- .Periodicity at 12.4d. FAP<1/10000 period giant planet .No correlation with activity and line profiles ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 SPI-Asteroseismic Program a) The characterization of the tidal interaction between the planets and their host stars b) The impact of star-planet interactions on stellar activity c) The betterment of relevant physical parameters (masses, radii, rotation periods, differential rotation, ages) d) Sample selection: a few planet-hosting stars. ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Tau Boo - Asteroseismology Asteroseismic approach preserves the possibility to improve the orbit of the planet around Tau Boo. HARPS-N + Literature Borsa et al. In prep. At the same time, high- quality, fast-cadence 1-min exposures allowed us to detect very small fluctuations, probably due to solar-like oscillations. The final goal is to demonstrate asteroseismological approach to infer stellar parameters. ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 HD 17156 - SPMI • Coordinated HARPS-N@TNG (AOT30) and XMM-Newton observations of HD 17156 for testing the onset of SPMI effects at periastron in a system with a massive planet in a very eccentric orbit around a Sun-like star • Target already part of the KP program • Two HARPS-N spectra with very high S/N ratio obtained in Sep 2014 • Analysis ongoing ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 Take-Home Message • HARPS-N@TNG is the state-of-the-art of high-res, high-prec. optical spectroscopy in the Northern hemisphere • It can reproduce the successes obtained by HARPS-S in exoplanets science (and stellar astrophysics), and it’s easily accessible to the Italian community • It does require a very large investment in observing time -> strategic thinking and decision-making approach • It acted as catalyst for GAPS, that is demonstrating it in turn to be a very successful undertaking ‘La Ricerca dei Pianeti Extrasolari in Italia’ INAF-Rome, 5 November 2014 .