Expedition Report
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2008 Expedition Report CCGS Amundsen LEG 11A ArcticNet/SOLAS Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay LEG 11B ArcticNet/IORVL Labrador fjords ArcticNet – Amundsen Science Program Université Laval Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, room 4081 1045, avenue de la Médecine Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 CANADA www.amundsen.ulaval.ca www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca Katrine Chalut and Anissa Merzouk ArcticNet Expedition Report Editors [email protected] Keith Levesque ArcticNet Marine Research Manager [email protected] Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT II LIST OF FIGURES IV LIST OF TABLES VI 2008 EXPEDITION REPORT 7 PART I – OVERVIEW AND SYNOPSIS OF OPERATIONS 8 1 OVERVIEW OF THE 2008 ARCTICNET / AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 8 1.1 Introduction 8 1.2 Regional settings 10 1.3 2008 Expedition Plan 11 2 LEG 11A – 4 SEPTEMBER TO 28 SEPTEMBER 2008 – LANCASTER SOUND AND BAFFIN BAY12 2.1 Introduction 12 2.2 Synopsis of operations 13 2.3 Chief Scientist’s comments 15 PART II – PROJECT REPORTS 16 1 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AND TRACE GASES (ARCTIC-SOLAS) – LEG 11 16 1.1 Introduction 16 1.2 Methodology 16 1.3 Preliminary Results 18 1.4 Comments and recommendations 20 2 SURFACE METEOROLOGY AND FLUX PROGRAM – LEG 11 21 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Methodology 21 3 MOORING PROGRAM – LEGS 10A AND 11 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Methodology 27 3.3 Comments and recommendations 48 4 WATER COLUMN STRUCTURE AND OCEAN CIRCULATION (CTD-ROSETTE, MVP AND ADCP OPERATIONS) – LEG 11 49 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Methodology 49 4.3 Preliminary results 53 4.4 Comments and recommendations 57 5 TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS (SCAMP) – LEG 11 58 5.1 Introduction 58 5.2 Methodology 58 6 BARIUM SAMPLING – LEG 11 61 6.1 Introduction 61 6.2 Methodology 61 7 CARBON SYSTEM ANALYSIS – LEG 11 62 7.1 Introduction 62 7.2 Methodology 62 8 CARBON AND NUTRIENTS FLUXES – LEG 11 64 8.1 Introduction 64 ii 8.2 Methodology 65 8.3 Preliminary results 67 9 DMS(P) CYCLING AND NITROUS OXIDE (N2O) (ARCTIC-SOLAS) – LEG 11 68 9.1 Introduction 68 9.2 Methodology 68 10 DMS AND CO PHOTOCHEMISTRY – LEG 11 71 10.1 Introduction 71 10.2 Methodology 71 11 MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND FOODWEBS – LEG 11 72 11.1 Introduction 72 11.2 Methodology 72 11.3 Preliminary results 76 12 PHYTOPLANKTON AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION – LEG 11 77 12.1 Introduction 77 12.2 Methodology 77 12.3 Comments and recommendations 79 13 ZOOPLANKTON AND ICHTHYOPLANKTON – LEG 11 80 13.1 Introduction 80 13.2 Methodology 81 13.3 Preliminary results 87 13.4 Comments and recommendations 88 14 CONTAMINANTS SAMPLING PROGRAM – LEG 11 90 14.1 Introduction 90 14.2 Methodology 92 15 SEABED MAPPING – LEG 11 101 15.1 Introduction 101 15.2 Methodology 101 15.3 Preliminary results 103 16 REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE (ROV) OPERATIONS – LEG 11 106 16.1 Introduction 106 16.2 Methodology 106 16.3 Comments and recommendations 107 17 SEDIMENTS AND BENTHOS – LEG 11 109 17.1 Introduction 109 17.2 Methodology 111 17.3 Preliminary results 116 17.4 Comments and recommendations 117 APPENDIX 1 – LIST OF STATIONS SAMPLED DURING THE 2008 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 119 APPENDIX 2 – SCIENTIFIC LOG OF ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED DURING THE 2008 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 121 APPENDIX 3 – CTD LOGBOOK FOR THE 2008 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 136 APPENDIX 4 – LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ON THE 2008 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 139 iii List of Figures Part I – Overview and synopsis of operations Figure 1.1. Overview of the ship track and the locations of the stations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Northwest Passage) and the Baffin Bay planned to be visited by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 11a of the 2008 ArcticNet Expedition ............................................................ 10 Figure 1.2. Locations of the stations in Baffin Bay planned to be visited by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 11a of the 2008 ArcticNet Expedition. .............................................................................. 11 Part II – Project Reports Figure 1.1. Time series of acetone and dimethyl sulphide (respectively upper and lower curves) during Legs 10b and 11. ..................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 1.2. Time series for acetaldehyde and methanol (respectively upper and lower curves) during Legs 10b and 11. ................................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 1.3. Aerosol concentrations obtained from the condensation particle counter (CPC 3025) during Leg 11. ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 2.1. Eddy correlation flux and surface meteorology system. a) flux tower on foredeck; b) radiometers on top of wheelhouse; c) laser precipitation monitor on top of wheelhouse; d) infrared temperature transducer on foredeck rail. .............................................................................. 22 Figure 2.2. The on-track pCO2 system located in the engine room of the Amundsen. The equilibration chamber is the clear cylinder (left bottom) and the gas analyzer is the box with the digital display. ..................................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 3.1. Illustration of a typical mooring line. ......................................................................................... 30 Figure 3.2. 2008 ArcticNet Beaufort Sea mooring equipment compass calibration site. .......................... 31 Figure 3.3. 2008 ArcticNet mooring recovery operations in the Beaufort Sea. .......................................... 34 Figure 3.4. General 2008 MMP ArcticNet mooring setup / orientation. ..................................................... 34 Figure 3.5. 2008 ArcticNet mooring deployment operations in the Beaufort Sea. ..................................... 35 Figure 3.6. 2008 ArcticNet expedition plan with year 2005-2006 mooring sites indicated. ....................... 36 Figure 3.7. 2008 R/V Knorr cruise track from WHOI to Nuuk, Greenland. Left panel shows the Irminger Ring Mooring Location (US State Dept. cruise 2009-054). .................................................. 38 Figure 3.8. Mooring design A deployed in Hudson Strait. .......................................................................... 39 Figure 3.9. Mooring design E deployed in Hudson Strait. .......................................................................... 40 Figure 3.10. Mooring design F deployed in Hudson Strait. ........................................................................ 41 Figure 3.11. Mooring design G deployed in Hudson Strait. ....................................................................... 42 Figure 3.12. ArcticNet – MERICA – WHOI moorings deployed in Hudson Strait during summer 2008. .... 43 Figure 3.13. Example of information recorded in the field deployment workbook..................................... 46 Figure 3.14. Example of triangulation plot using Art's Acoustic Survey Matlab Script. ............................. 47 Figure 3.15. Summary of the instruments moored in 2007 and recovered in 2008 or later, for the benefit of the ArcticNet program. ....................................................................................................... 47 Figure 3.16. Moorings deployed in October 2007 and recovered in July 2008, during CFL expeditions. AN01-07 was recovered in Summer 2009. .................................................................... 48 Figure 4.1. CTD-Rosette cast locations in Lancaster Sound and Baffin Bay during Leg 11. .................... 51 Figure 4.2. CTD-Rosette transect from east to west of Baffin Bay over Stations 115 to 101. ................... 53 Figure 4.3. CTD-Rosette transect from west to east along Lancaster Sound and across Baffin Bay over Stations Barrow Strait, as well as 303 to 140. ............................................................................ 54 iv Figure 4.4. Recorded salinity (upper graph), temperature (middle graph) and fluorescence (lower graph) across Lancaster Sound, from South to North........................................................................ 55 Figure 4.5. Recorded salinity (upper graph), temperature (middle graph) and fluorescence (lower graph) across Gibbs fjord, from outside to inside. ............................................................................. 56 Figure 11.1. Profile of eukaryote biomass in the water column at Station 303, Lancaster Sound (74º14.266 N, 089º39.469 W), on 9 September 2008. ........................................................................ 76 Figure 13.1. Photos of the different sampling equipment used to collect zooplankton and young fish. (a) 4x1-m2 Square (Monster Net), (b) Hydrobios Multi plankton sampler, (c) Double 1-m2 (Tucker Net), (d) RMT (Rectangular Mid-water Trawl) and (e) Experimental Mid-water Trawl. ....................... 84 Figure 13.2. Moored sediment traps: (a) large PP5 retrieved at CA18 and (b) new PP3-24 cups deployed at CA05. .............................................................................................................................. 85 Figure 13.3. Species chart pie of larval and juvenile fishes captured during ArcticNet 2008 Leg 11. ....... 87 Figure 13.4. Length class frequency and spatial distribution of young Arctic cod captured during ArcticNet 2008 Leg 11. ....................................................................................................................... 88 Figure 14.1. HCH water