2007 Expedition Report
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2007 Expedition Report CCGS Amundsen LEG 1A ArcticNet Labrador Fjords and Hudson Bay LEG 3A ArcticNet/SOLAS Baffin Bay and Canadian Arctic Archipelago LEG 3B ArcticNet/SOLAS/CFL Amundsen Gulf and Beaufort Sea ArcticNet – Amundsen Science Program Université Laval Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, room 4081 1045, avenue de la Médecine Québec, QC, G1V 0A6 CANADA www.amundsen.ulaval.ca www.arcticnet.ulaval.ca Anissa Merzouk ArcticNet Expedition Report Editor [email protected] Keith Levesque ArcticNet Marine Research Manager [email protected] Cover page photo credit Ariel Estulin / ArcticNet Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT II LIST OF FIGURES V LIST OF TABLES VIII 2007 EXPEDITION REPORT 1 PART I – OVERVIEW AND SYNOPSIS OF OPERATIONS 2 1 OVERVIEW OF THE 2007 ARCTICNET / AMUNDSEN EXPEDITION 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Regional settings 3 1.3 2007 CCGS Amundsen Expedition Plan 9 2 LEG 1 26 JULY TO 17 AUGUST 2007 LABRADOR FJORDS AND HUDSON BAY 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Synopsis of operations 13 2.3 Chief Scientist’s comments 15 3 LEG 3A 27 SEPTEMBER TO 18 OCTOBER 2007 BAFFIN BAY AND THE CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Synopsis of operations 18 4 LEG 3B 18 OCTOBER TO 8 NOVEMBER 2007 AMUNDSEN GULF AND BEAUFORT SEA 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.2 Synopsis of operations 24 4.3 Chief Scientist’s comments (Legs 3a and 3b) 26 PART II – PROJECT REPORTS 28 1 METEOROLOGICAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC AND NAVIGATION DATA – LEGS 1 AND 3 28 1.1 Introduction 28 1.2 Description of systems and available data 28 2 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AND TRACE GASES (ARCTIC-SOLAS) – LEG 3 32 2.1 Introduction 32 2.2 Methodology 32 2.3 Preliminary Results 34 2.4 Comments and recommendations 34 3 SURFACE METEOROLOGY AND FLUX PROGRAM – LEGS 1 AND 3 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Methodology 36 3.3 Preliminary results 43 ii 4 SEA ICE DYNAMICS – LEG 3B 45 4.1 Ice physical microstructure (Ice Raid) 45 4.2 Surface EM measurements 47 4.3 Dissolved organic matter and contaminants 49 4.4 Comments and recommendations 50 5 MOORING PROGRAM – LEGS 1 AND 3 51 5.1 Introduction 51 5.2 Methodology 53 5.2 Comments and recommendations 66 6 CANADIAN ARCTIC BUOY PROGRAM – LEG 3A 67 6.1 Introduction 67 6.2 Methodology 67 7 WATER COLUMN STRUCTURE AND OCEAN CIRCULATION (CTD-ROSETTE, MVP AND ADCP OPERATIONS) – LEGS 1 AND 3 69 7.1 Introduction 69 7.2 Methodology 69 7.3 Comments and recommendations 73 8 TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS (VMP AND SCAMP) – LEG 3 74 8.1 Introduction 74 8.2 Methodology 74 8.3 Preliminary results 76 9 OCEAN COLOUR AND FRESHWATER CIRCULATION IN HUDSON BAY – LEG 1 78 9.1 Introduction 78 9.2 Methodology 78 10 BARIUM SAMPLING – LEG 3 89 10.1 Introduction 89 10.2 Methodology 89 11 SHORT-TERM VERTICAL FLUXES USING DRIFTING SEDIMENT TRAPS – LEG 3 90 11.1 Introduction 90 11.2 Methodology 90 12 CARBON SYSTEM ANALYSIS – LEG 3 92 12.1 Introduction 92 12.2 Methodology 92 13 CARBON AND NUTRIENTS FLUXES – LEG 3 94 13.1 Introduction 94 13.2 Methodology 95 13.3 Preliminary results 97 14 DMS(P) CYCLING AND NITROUS OXIDE (N2O) (ARCTIC-SOLAS) – LEG 3 100 14.1 Introduction 100 14.2 Methodology 100 14.3 Preliminary results 102 15 BACTERIAL CARBON CYCLING (CFL STUDY) – LEG 3B 104 15.1 Introduction 104 15.2 Methodology 104 16 PHYTOPLANKTON, OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND REMOTE SENSING – LEG 3 106 16.1 Introduction 106 16.2 Methodology 107 16.3 Comments and recommendations 108 17 PHYTOPLANKTON AND PRIMARY PRODUCTION – LEGS 1 AND 3 109 17.1 Introduction 109 17.2 Methodology 111 17.3 Comments and recommendations 114 iii 18 ZOOPLANKTON AND ICHTYOPLANKYON – LEGS 1 AND 3 115 18.1 Introduction 115 18.2 Methodology 117 18.3 Preliminary results 123 18.4 Comments and recommendations (Leg 1 only) 126 19 CONTAMINANTS SAMPLING PROGRAM – LEGS 1 AND 3 127 19.1 Introduction 127 19.2 Methodology 131 20 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING OF MERCURY – LEG 3A 140 20.1 Introduction 140 20.2 Methodology 141 20.3 Preliminary results 142 21 SEABED MAPPING – LEGS 1 AND 3 143 21.1 Introduction 143 21.2 Methodology 143 21.3 Preliminary results 145 22 REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE (ROV) OPERATIONS – LEG 3A 149 22.1 Introduction 149 22.2 Methodology 149 22.3 Comments and recommendations 155 23 SEDIMENTS AND BENTHOS – LEGS 1 AND 3 158 23.1 Introduction 158 23.2 Methodology 160 23.3 Preliminary results 165 APPENDIX 1 – LIST OF STATIONS SAMPLED DURING THE 2007 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 168 APPENDIX 2 – SCIENTIFIC LOG OF ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED DURING THE 2007 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 171 APPENDIX 3 – CTD LOGBOOK FOR THE 2007 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 206 APPENDIX 4 – LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ON THE 2007 ARCTICNET EXPEDITION 211 iv List of Figures Part I – Overview and synopsis of operations Figure 1.1. Overview of the ship track and the locations of stations sampled in the Labrador fjords and Hudson Bay (Leg 1), as well as in Baffin Bay, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and the Beaufort Sea (Leg 3) by the CCGS Amundsen during the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. Note that the ship track also shows Leg 2, which was dedicated to the Inuit Health Survey. ............................ 4 Figure 1.2. Ship track and the locations of stations sampled in three northern Labrador fjords and Hudson Bay by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 1 of the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. ...................... 5 Figure 1.3. Ship track and the locations of stations sampled in Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Northwest Passage) by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 3a of the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 1.4. Ship track and the locations of stations sampled in the Amundsen Gulf and the Beaufort Sea by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 3b of the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. Note that Leg 3b was also the commencement of the Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study. .......................................... 8 Figure 2.1. Ship track and the locations of stations sampled in three northern Labrador fjords and Hudson Bay by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 1 of the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. .................... 12 Figure 3.1. Ship track and the locations of stations sampled in Baffin Bay and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (Northwest Passage) by the CCGS Amundsen during Leg 3a of the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 4.1. Ship track and the location of stations sampled in the Amundsen Gulf and the Beaufort Sea by the CCGS Amundsen during Legs 3a (westernmost Stations 426-435 only) and 3b of the 2007 ArcticNet Expedition. Note that Leg 3b was the commencement of the Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study and overwintering expedition. ........................................................................ 23 Part II - Project reports Figure 3.1. Eddy correlation flux and surface meteorology system. a) flux tower on foredeck; b) radiometers on top of wheelhouse; c) laser precipitation monitor on top of wheelhouse; d) infrared temperature transducer on foredeck rail. .............................................................................. 37 Figure 3.2. Schematic of valve system for flow of gases to LI-7000 gas analyzer. .................................... 38 Figure 3.3. Seawater pCO2 flow-through system in the forward engine room. .......................................... 39 Figure 3.4. Schematic of water flow through pCO2 system. ....................................................................... 39 Figure 3.5. LAWAS deployment setup on the foredeck during Leg 3. ....................................................... 41 Figure 3.6. LAWAS optical head and footprint. .......................................................................................... 41 Figure 3.7. Air and water surface temperature measured during Leg 1 on 4 August 2007. ...................... 43 Figure 3.8. Incoming short wave radiation (Kdown) and PAR measured during Leg 1 on 4 August 2007..................................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 3.9. CO2 molar density (LI7500) and molar fraction (LI7000) for the period 0130h 23 October 2007 to 1850h 24 October 2007, showing effect of ship’s exhaust (all times UTC). ......................... 44 Figure 3.10. Seawater pCO2 and H2O temperature for the period 2230h 22 October 2007 to 1640h 23 October 2007 (UTC). ...................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 4.1. Ice cage (left) used in Ice Raids to obtain the physical-microstructure properties of snow and sea ice, and a photo of frost flowers (right) taken during an Ice Raid on 6 November. .............. 46 Figure 4.2. Examples of photographs of thick (left) and thin (right) sections cut from an ice core sampled during Leg 3b. ...................................................................................................................... 46 Figure 4.3. Microwave radiometer system (top left), webcam (top right), scattereometer (bottom left) and infrared transducer (bottom right). ............................................................................................... 48 v Figure 5.1. Location of ArcticNet oceanographic moorings. Mooring recoveries and deployments were carried out in Hudson Bay (Leg 1), Baffin Bay and the Amundsen Gulf/Beaufort Sea from the CCGS Amundsen. Ship track (red line) is shown with CTD-Rosette locations (black dots),