awareness equity understanding connect create tolerance empathy perspective dialogue design agency access visibility change empower voice trust communication

Designs for Different Futures Student Design Challenge What would you design that supports and empowers people to bridge a divide? Cricket Shelter Modular Edible Insect Farm, PhoeniX Exoskeleton, designed to help those for raising insects as mini-livestock with mobility disorders walk upright

ZXX Typeface, designed so humans can read it, but computers can’t Petit Pli, clothing that Lia, a flushable and grows as a child grows biodegradable pregnancy test Design means to plan or create something with a specific purpose in mind. facilitate make overcome dialogue connections differences

encourage encourage movement change

increase increase foster access equity empathy

increase increase awareness understanding

Bridge a divide can mean many things. As you analyze the data in the following graphs, think about times when you have noticed or experienced division. % Very/Fairly divided Three in four Total 76% Serbia 93% people globally Argentina 92% Chile 90% think that their Peru 90% Italy 89% country is Hungary 86% Great Britain 85% divided - Poland 84% 84% Serbia seen as Spain 84% Brazil 84% most divided, South Africa 82% Russia 81% Saudi Arabia Germany 81% Belgium 81% least divided Sweden 79% Mexico 78% South Korea 77% Q. Overall, how France 75% Australia 70% divided do you think India 66% your country is these Turkey 65% days? Canada 62% Malaysia 59% Japan 52% China 48% Saudi Arabia 34%

Base: 19,428 online adults aged 16 -64 across 27 countries, 26 Jan -9th Feb 2018

BBC Global Survey – A divided world? | April 2018 | Public 2 Question: Overall, how divided do you think your country is these days?

All data is taken from a 2018 BBC and Ipsos MORI Social Research Institute online survey of 19,428 adults. More divided Less divided Net more divided And six in ten say Total 59% 16% 43% Spain 77% 8% 69% their country is Sweden 73% 11% 62% Italy 73% 6% 67% more divided now Germany 73% 7% 66% than it was ten Great Britain 73% 8% 65% Hungary 69% 10% 59% years ago, Belgium 68% 10% 58% United States 67% 10% 57% compared with Mexico 64% 14% 50% one in six who Poland 64% 11% 53% Argentina 64% 14% 50% think it is less Brazil 62% 16% 46% France 61% 7% 54% divided Turkey 59% 20% 39% Australia 57% 15% 42% Russia 56% 15% 41% South Korea 55% 15% 40% Q. And do you think Peru 53% 22% 31% Malaysia 52% 22% 30% [COUNTRY ] society is South Africa 51% 30% 35% more or less divided Canada 51% 16% 35% Chile 49% 26% 23% than it was ten years Serbia 48% 13% 35% ago, or is it about India 46% 33% 13% China the same? 44% 34% 10% Japan 43% 8% 35% Saudi Arabia 30% 28% 2%

Base: 19,428 online adults aged 16 -64 across 27 countries, 26 Jan -9th Feb 2018

BBC Global Survey – A divided world? | April 2018 | Public 3 Question: Do you think your society is more or less divided than it was ten years ago, or is it about the same? Very/Fairly Tolerant Overall, approaching Total 46% Canada 74% half of people think China 65% that people in their Malaysia 65% country are tolerant India 63% Saudi Arabia 60% of those with Australia 60% di erent Sweden 58% Mexico 55% backgrounds, cultures Russia 55% or views. Canadians Peru 55% most tolerant Great Britain 54% Serbia 52% whereas Hungarians United States 47% least tolerant Germany 47% South Africa 44% Argentina 42% Q. And overall, how Turkey 40% tolerant do you think Belgium 39% people in [COUNTRY] are of Japan 37% Spain 37% each other when it comes to France 36% people with di rent Chile 36% backgrounds, cultures or Italy 34% points of view? Poland 30% Brazil 29% South Korea 20% Hungary 16%

Base: 19,428 online adults aged 16 -64 across 27 countries, 26 Jan -9th Feb 2018 BBC Global Survey – A divided world? | April 2018 | Question:Public How tolerant do you think people 4 in your country are of others with different backgrounds, cultures, or points of view? In Malaysia, Argentina, Turkey, Serbia & Poland di rences in political views seen as biggest cause of tension People in Italy, Sweden, Britain, Germany & France cite di rences between immigrants and those born in the country. In China and Russia biggest cause of tension is di rence between rich and poor.

Top three issues: #1 tension per country #2 tension per country #3 tension per country TOT ARG AUS BEL BRA CAN CHL CHN FRA GB GER HUN IND ITA JAP KOR KSA MAL MEX PER POL RSA RUS SER ESP SWE TUR USA

Between immigrants and 30% 13% 41% 30% 6% 40% 39% 7% 45% 50% 46% 31% 14% 61% 8% 9% 27% 26% 12% 28% 36% 30% 35% 18% 34% 49% 22% 40% people born in [COUNTRY]

Between rich and poor 36% 41% 24% 30% 40% 31% 41% 65% 31% 36% 32% 44% 37% 29% 39% 44% 19% 33% 45% 31% 29% 32% 65% 50% 32% 19% 24% 28%

Between di erent ethnicities 25% 5% 41% 38% 25% 31% 17% 11% 35% 41% 35% 34% 17% 38% 11% 6% 23% 23% 6% 11% 16% 48% 17% 20% 14% 37% 26% 40%

Between old and young 11% 4% 9% 5% 8% 10% 5% 25% 10% 15% 8% 11% 18% 8% 29% 25% 9% 10% 6% 7% 13% 8% 13% 13% 7% 6% 6% 10%

Between di erent religions 27% 8% 47% 50% 38% 36% 15% 17% 45% 47% 37% 7% 48% 27% 10% 14% 14% 30% 23% 15% 27% 15% 21% 25% 23% 32% 22% 28%

Between people with di erent 44% 70% 29% 21% 54% 29% 51% 28% 23% 40% 33% 50% 49% 26% 21% 61% 20% 74% 56% 50% 63% 47% 27% 63% 57% 26% 63% 53% political views

Between men and women 11% 13% 10% 4% 18% 14% 11% 10% 10% 10% 4% 3% 21% 8% 10% 24% 14% 11% 14% 14% 5% 10% 5% 9% 15% 12% 14% 16%

Between those in cities and 10% 11% 7% 3% 6% 6% 6% 25% 7% 7% 5% 6% 16% 5% 16% 6% 12% 16% 13% 21% 7% 7% 9% 13% 5% 11% 7% 12% those in rural areas

Base: 19,428 online adults aged 16 -64 across 27 countries, 26 Jan -9th Feb 2018

BBC Global Survey – A divided world? | April 2018 | Public 9

Question: Between which of the following groups do you think there is most tension in your country today? Immigrants least trusted in Russia, Malaysia & Hungary. People with rent political views least trusted in South Korea Turkey, Malaysia & Argentina

Least trusted groups: #1 group per country #2 group per country #3 group per country TOT ARG AUS BEL BRA CAN CHL CHN FRA GB GER HUN IND ITA JAP KOR KSA MAL MEX PER POL RSA RUS SER ESP SWE TUR USA I trust all groups the same 20% 21% 29% 17% 16% 27% 16% 23% 18% 32% 22% 9% 26% 12% 6% 17% 15% 17% 20% 11% 18% 24% 23% 24% 20% 19% 19% 27%

Immigrants who have come 16% 10% 13% 18% 5% 14% 14% 7% 17% 15% 22% 28% 15% 24% 11% 9% 9% 31% 8% 18% 18% 17% 34% 13% 15% 10% 24% 11% to live or work in [COUNTRY] People who are wealthier 13% 17% 9% 11% 11% 12% 19% 14% 10% 12% 10% 20% 14% 13% 12% 16% 7% 14% 12% 13% 13% 10% 22% 13% 16% 8% 11% 14% than you People who are poorer than 4% 8% 3% 4% 5% 3% 4% 8% 3% 3% 4% 2% 8% 4% 3% 3% 6% 2% 6% 5% 5% 5% 3% 1% 2% 6% 2% 3% you People who are older than 3% 4% 2% 3% 4% 3% 2% 4% 2% 2% 3% 1% 10% 2% 3% 7% 5% 5% 2% 4% 4% 3% 1% 1% 2% 3% 2% 3% you People who are younger than 5% 5% 4% 3% 6% 6% 5% 4% 5% 4% 2% 4% 9% 4% 3% 4% 5% 3% 6% 7% 7% 4% 3% 2% 4% 7% 3% 7% you People who are a di erent 9% 3% 11% 16% 4% 8% 4% 8% 14% 7% 13% 22% 12% 18% 11% 5% 10% 9% 5% 4% 4% 10% 10% 3% 10% 14% 10% 8% ethnicity than you People who are a di erent 10% 4% 9% 19% 6% 9% 6% 14% 11% 7% 14% 8% 12% 15% 12% 6% 11% 10% 9% 9% 9% 6% 10% 3% 11% 20% 8% 8% religion than you People who have di erent 18% 25% 10% 11% 23% 8% 20% 17% 7% 12% 15% 16% 23% 16% 19% 35% 15% 28% 24% 24% 24% 16% 12% 11% 19% 14% 28% 18% political views than you People who live in other 5% 3% 5% 4% 5% 7% 3% 6% 4% 3% 5% 5% 8% 4% 4% 5% 5% 11% 6% 8% 7% 5% 5% 3% 4% 7% 10% 7% countries Men 6% 5% 5% 5% 11% 7% 7% 3% 5% 5% 4% 3% 9% 2% 3% 5% 6% 7% 11% 11% 11% 8% 3% 1% 4% 6% 7% 6% Women 3% 4% 2% 4% 5% 3% 4% 2% 3% 2% 3% 2% 7% 2% 3% 3% 5% 4% 2% 4% 4% 3% 4% 1% 2% 4% 6% 3% People who live in cities 4% 4% 4% 3% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 2% 10% 1% 4% 3% 7% 4% 6% 8% 8% 2% 2% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

People who live in rural areas 3% 1% 1% 3% 3% 1% 1% 6% 2% 2% 2% 1% 10% 3% 2% 2% 6% 5% 2% 6% 6% 4% 2% 1% 2% 3% 2% 2% Base: 19,428 online adults aged 16 -64 across 27 countries, 26 Jan -9th Feb 2018

Question: When thinking about people from the following groups, which, if any, do you trust the least? What if art, design, and play could help us decrease polarization and increase understanding? Enni-Kukka Tuomala, a Finnish empathy designer and artist, is an example of someone whose work bridges divides. Watch this short video to learn more about her process. These photographs document Tuomala’s collaboration with six members of the Finnish Parliament from five different parties to develop an empathy toolkit for politics. The empathy tools encourage perspective-taking and create new forms of communication through color and play. Perspective-Taking Tools and Communication Tools are designed to be used during debate among members of different political parties. As you learn more about the tools, make connections to your own life. Are there times when you imagine tools like these might be helpful? The Role-Playing Carousel Game encourages politicians to understand different points of view by choosing a role to play during debate on a specific topic. Each face represents a different role. Players might choose the role of a child, an expert, a listener, an optimist, a pessimist, or the future generation. Tuomala created the faces in the Carousel based on the actual profiles of members of Parliament. Why might it be important that the faces represent real people? What roles do you play in your life? How might stepping into another role help you understand a different perspective? The Colorful Communicators encourage active listening and engagement during speeches and discussion by simply holding up a color. Each of the six Communicators stands for a different response:

I have an idea I feel moved I have a question

I’m with you—keep going I don’t understand I’m not sure about this, but I’m willing to listen The Communicators have mirrored backs. Why do you think they are designed that way? What might the mirrors encourage users to do? Can you think of examples of non-verbal communication you already use? What responses would you include in a set of Colorful Communicators? The Scale of Emotion helps politicians express their thoughts and feelings in real time and develop awareness of the feelings of others. The scale represents a range of emotions, empowering the user to communicate in-between feelings that might change and evolve over the course of a discussion. What are some emotions that fall between negative and positive? How might knowing the feelings of others help change your opinion or belief? Did you notice that Tuomala used balloons in her work with Finnish politicians? What purpose do you think the balloons might have had? The following quotes from members of the Finnish Parliament describe their experiences developing and using the empathy tools for politics. What do you notice? “I think changing the interactions is the key to everything. And it’s not so difficult, we just have to see that this is worth doing.” “I really like that there could be a system with identified roles and through play I could today adopt this role. I think most people are somehow prisoners of their roles.” “We should just dare to try. We talk about experimental culture in Finnish politics, but if we don’t dare to even experiment with how we hold meetings, then we have a long way to go to change the country.” Bridge the Divide Age Gain Now Empathy System An Empathy Bridge for Autism An Immigrant Alphabet Debate and Dialogue Platform

Broad Street Ministry Freethink “Crossing the Divide” Radical Hospitality Dyslexia Typeface End Mass Incarceration Dinner Series Video Series

The American Dream Game “Invisible” Disability Photo Series “Tell Tall Tales” Implicit Bias Game The People’s Paper Co-op

Explore other examples of people and projects working to bridge divides. Artwork in this presentation from the Museum of Art Clasped Hands, 1800s, by Angelo Peduzzi (Bequest of Walter E. Stait, 1993, 1993-76-8) Deliver Us from Evil, 1943, by John Woodrow Wilson (Gift of Fern and Hersh Cohen, 2017, 2017-219-2, © John Wilson / Licensed by VAGA, New York) During SNCC Demonstrations, Atlanta, 1963–1964, by Danny Lyon (Purchased with the Lola Downin Peck Fund and the Alice Newton Osborn Fund, 1982, 1982-47-3) Figures in a Landscape, 1972–1973, by Sidney Goodman (Purchased with the Philadelphia Foundation Fund (by exchange) and the Adele Haas Turner and Beatrice Pastorius Turner Memorial Fund, 1974, 1974-112-1, © Estate of Sidney Goodman) Mr. Prejudice, 1943, by Horace Pippin (Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Matthew T. Moore, 1984, 1984-108-1)

Designs in this presentation featured in Designs for Different Futures Cricket Shelter: Modular Edible Insect Farm, 2016, designed by Mitchell Joachim for Terreform ONE (Photograph © Mictchell Joachim, Terreform ONE) PhoeniX Exoskeleton, 2013, designed by Dr. Homayoon Kazerooni for suitX (Photograph © suitX) Petit Pli – Clothes that Grow, 2017, designed by Ryan Mario Yasin for Petit Pli (Photograph © Ryan Mario Yasin) ZXX Typeface, 2012, designed by Sang Mun (Photograph © Sang Mun) Lia: The Flushable and Biodegradable Pregnancy Test, designed by Bethany Edwards for LIA Diagnostic, Inc. (Photograph courtesy of LIA Diagnostics) Photographs of Finnish Parliament by Laura Mainiemi. Photographs of Empathy Tools by Enni-Kukka Tuomala. All photographs © Enni-Kukka Tuomala.

This project is presented in conjunction with the Philadelphia Museum of Art’s exhibition, Designs for Different Futures (Oct 22, 2019–Mar 8, 2020). The show explores designs and provocative ideas that respond to human civilization’s future needs, desires, and fears. The exhibition is organized by the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the . In Philadelphia, the exhibition was generously supported by the Annenberg Foundation Fund for Major Exhibitions, the Robert Montgomery Scott Endowment for Exhibitions, the Kathleen C. and John J.F. Sherrerd Fund for Exhibitions, Lisa Roberts and David Seltzer in honor of Collab’s 50th Anniversary, the Women’s Committee of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Laura and William C. Buck Endowment for Exhibitions, the Harriet and Ronald Lassin Fund for Special Exhibitions, the Jill and Sheldon Bonovitz Exhibition Fund, and an anonymous donor. (Credits as of August 29, 2019)