NetworkT^ *W" NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS ^M VOLUME I, No. 2 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS PROGRAM FALL-WINTER, 1998
National Historic Landmark Stewards Association Formed by Bill Bolger and Christeen Taniguchi
ational Historic Landmarks Nare among the nation's most significant cultural resources. They include a rich variety of sites and structures— homes, skyscrapers, bridges, ships, archeological sites—and represent all aspects of American history. These properties are owned and managed by an equally Uverse cross section of the .American public—from religious organizations to major corpora tions, homeowners to housing authorities, universities to govern ment agencies. The November, 1997 West Point Congress of National Historic Landmark Stewards developed a Robert Stanton, Director of the National Park Service, dedicates the National Historic number of ideas and recommenda Landmark plaque for the Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia. NPS Photo. tions for future development of the National Historic Landmarks (NHL) program. While this was an Midwest Support Office Civil Rights Era School assembly of NHL stewards located Sponsors NHL Owners' Achieves National in the National Park Service's Northeast Region (Maine to Conference Historic Landmark Virginia), it was intended as a by Bill Nelligan Status forum to explore the needs and interests of all National Historic by Lisa Kolakowsky Smith wners and managers of Landmark stewards. Participating National Historic Land stewards split into four affinity O e will never know exactly groups, including interpreted marks from throughout the Wwhat Barbara Johns was museum properties, institutional Midwest traveled to Midland, thinking on her way to school and commercial properties, pri Michigan, on August 21-23, on April 23, 1951. One thing is vate residential properties, and 1998, to attend the region's certain—on that day, she was full historic districts (see NHL first National Historic Land of courage and was keenly aware Network, Spring 1998, page 1). marks Owners' Conference. that life was not fair for her and
SEE ASSOCIATION, PAGE 13, COLUMN 1 SEE CONFERENCE, PAGE 14, COLUMN 1 SEE MOTON, PAGE 14, COLUMN 2
Thirty-one new NHLs designated or recommended. Stories begin on page 16. AN INVITATION
To preserve for public use historic sites, buildings and objects of national significance, for the inspiration and benefit of the people of the United States. National Historic An Invitation to Landmarks Network Published by the National Park Service All Stewards of National Historic Landmarks
Robert Stanton s co-chairs of the newly formed National Historic Director ALandmark Stewards Association, we would like to share with Katherine H. Stevenson you our enthusiasm for this new organization! We feel great things will Associate Director, Cultural Resource come of this and hope that you can join us in our efforts for this impor Stewardship and Partnerships tant cause. Ronald M. Greenberg Last September, in historic downtown Philadelphia, we began the task Manager, National Center for Cultural of forming an association of the people who own or take care of National Resources Stewardship Historic Landmarks, the 2,266 properties on the National Register and Partnership Programs deemed the most significant in our nation's history. Like the Continental de Teel Patterson Tiller Congress, our enthusiasm ran high to organize and give voice to a great Chief, Heritage Preservation Services constituency. Frank J.J. Miele. Editor Even at our small gathering of volunteers, the breadth and scope of Senior Historian, Southeast these National Historic Landmark properties was a revelation. Stewards Regional Office came from privately-owned houses, churches, battlefields, historic Sharon C. Park. FAIA districts, governmental buildings, a fort, and a medical institution. As Chief, Technical Preservation Services individuals, we came from all walks of life, but as stewards, we shared a Susan Escherich devotion to our respective Landmarks, a desire to educate the larger Coordinator, National Historic community about the importance of NHLs in our nation's history, and a Landmarks Assistance Initiative willingness to advocate on their behalf. Jerry Buckbinder In November we reassembled in Carpenter's Hall. Philadelphia, just Production Manager one floor above the site of the Continental Congress. Here we agreed upon a guiding message for the National Historic Landmark Stewards National Historic Landmarks Network is published biannually and is free of charpe. Association from an inspiring passage in the 1935 Historic Sites Act Letters and articles may be submitted to Frank J..I. (see title above). We also rolled up our sleeves and divided up the first Miele, Editor. NHL Network. NPS Southeast Regional Office. Atlanta Federal Center. 1924 tasks of our organization. Some agreed to work on a strategy for reach Building. 100 Alabama Street. SW. Atlanta. ing out to stewards of all the NHL properties, others on outreach to the (ieargia 30303. Phone 404-562-3173. public, and still others on setting up our organization as a not-for-profit K-mail: Frank_Miele"nps.gov corporation. Mission of the National Park Service The immediate camaraderie among stewards—from large institutions The National Park Service is dedicated to to small family operations, all taking time away from their historic conserving unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the National Park System treasures—was the promise of things to come. After the gathering, we for the enjoyment, education and inspiration were amazed that we had struggled in isolation for so long. of this and future generations. The Service is also responsible for managing a great variety Our thanks to the National Park Service, especially the Northeast (if national and international programs Region and the Philadelphia Support Office, for their devotion to National designed to help extend the benefits of natural Historic Landmarks and their hard work in support of our efforts. We and cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world. encourage you to please contact us if you would like further information about the National Historic Landmark Stewards Association! HPS Yours sincerely, Heritage Robert E. Darrie Preservation Christ Church, IIS North Washington Street. Alexandria, VA 22314; 703/549-1450 Services Mary Leach Davidgc Hall, University of Maryland, 520 West Lombard Street, East Hall, 1st Floor. U.S. Department of the Interior Baltimore, MD 21201; tel: 410/706-7002; fax: 410/706-0500; National Park Service e-mail:
settlements, which date from pre- Dena'ina settlement at Kijik. They ALASKA European contact to the abandon also recovered historic glazed ment of Kijik village in 1910. Also ceramics, glass trade beads, and Ranger- Historian found within the NHL are the metal objects while collecting the remains of a Russian Orthodox charcoal for dating. Preserves and Protects cemetery and church. Since 1966. A large part of the credit for the Alaskan National when archeologists began excava accomplishments at Kijik goes to Historic Landmark tions at Kijik. several parties of John Branson, ranger-historian at anthropologists have revisited the Lake Clark National Park and by Dale Vinson area for mapping and research Preserve. He has played a pivotal purposes. The most recent visit role in site stewardship over the ijik National Historic was made in June, 1998 by a crew years, discovering new sites and K Landmark, within the of NPS archeologists who collected making great efforts to protect the Lake Clark National Park and radiocarbon samples from a num area from vandalism. Through his Preserve, is comprised of several ber of house floors in order to interest in Kijik and through his extensive Dena'ina Athabaskan establish a chronology for toric research. Branson has
National Parks Promote National Historic Landmarks to Visitors The Alaska Support Office prepared this brochure with participation from the Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Bearing Land Bridge National Preserve, and Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve. Second in a series, this brochure con tributes to the commemoration of the Gold Rush Centennial Decade 1994-2004, and is dedicated to the individuals who risked their lives in search for a fortune in gold. The cover is adapted from a 19th century German book on the goldrush. This brochure series was conceived to assist stewards in developing a tourism base for their resources. For more informa tion about this joint initiative, or to obtain copies of this and other brochures, please contact Linda Cook, 907/257-2658.
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brought together the interests of to survey many of the settlements with the State Historic NPS archeologists and local in the Kijik National Historic Preservation Offices to jointly Dena'ina Athapaskan people Landmark. develop high-quality nominations whose ancestors lived at Kijik Branson began working as an for cultural properties in the prior to 1902. NPS ranger in 1992. In the mid- American Caribbean. Branson's interest in Kijik began 1990s, Ranger Branson received Before this joint effort, only while he worked as caretaker on training in Archeological three NHLs were designated in the homestead of Alaska's former Resources Protection Act (ARPA) the area. Now there are eight Governor Jay Hammond in 1974. compliance, and he understands NHLs, with another dozen individ While living at the homestead, the potential threat of pot hunting ual property and district nomina Branson visited the nearby aban at the sites. No one knows the tions under review or develop doned historic Kijik village. wilderness trails through the for ment. This direct technical assis Conversations with Native elders, est and around the beaver streams tance has enhanced the quality of Sophie Austin and her son Andrew and salmon pools like Branson, National Register and NHL nomi Balluta, gave Branson more clues and because of this knowledge, he nations produced by the American about older Dena'ina villages is able to thwart potential vandals Caribbean SHPO offices and has below Kijik Mountain. Subse who believe their activities will go provided the opportunity for the quently, he began searching the unnoticed. As part of the staff of NPS staff of the Southeast Region forests below Kijik Mountain for Lake Clark National Park and to participate in a number of excit older pre-contact Dena'ina settle Preserve, Branson is alert for ing preservation projects. ments. By the early 1980s, other risks such as changes in This summer National Register Branson had found several new land status within the Kijik dis Programs Division staff Frank Dena'ina sites and was sought out trict. He also serves as a highly- J.J.Miele, Senior Historian, and by NPS archeologist, Alice J. effective steward by monitoring Mark Barnes, Senior Archeologist, Lynch, to assist her in mapping situations that might threaten the presented bronze NHL plaques for the newly discovered sites. archeological resources and then the SS Antonio Lopez and Fort passing this information onto the Branson developed a model for Frederick to the Governors of the NPS Lake Clark Superintendent Dena'ina settlement in the Kijik Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and and Cultural Resource Manager. district where settlements tend to the Territory of the U.S. Virgin be located on the upper reaches of Islands. At the request of the Dale Vinson is an archeologist with the Katmai small creeks that have connection National Park and Preserve and the Lake Clark SHPO, the Puerto Rico plaques to Lake Clark or the Kijik River. National Park and Preserve. are in Spanish. The SS Antonio He found that the optimum time Lopez was a late-nineteenth-centu to search for house sites at Kijik ry steamship sunk by the U.S. was in late winter or early spring Navy during the Spanish- before the lush grasses and foliage CARIBBEAN American War as it attempted to obstruct views of the rectangular run the American naval blockade outline of the Dena'ina house. of San Juan. The Governor of Since the early 1980s. Branson Landmark Recognition in Puerto Rico, Pedro Rossello, later has led guided tours of various dove to the shipwreck to secure Kijik sites for a number of park the American Caribbean the plaque on the ocean floor. Future plans call for developing an superintendents and Regional by Mark R. Barnes Director, Bob Barbee, and has underwater diving tour of the shipwreck. acted as a guide and assistant to a he summer of 1998 was number of NPS archeologists. In Tsignificant for National Dr. Roy L. Schneider, governor addition. Branson has guided Historic Landmarks in the of the U.S. Virgin Islands, received Nondalton tribal council chief, Bill American Caribbean—Puerto the plaque for Fort Frederick, in Trefon, Sr., and several other Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Fredericksted, at the western end Dena'ina people to Kijik sites. For The National Register Programs of the island of St. Croix. Fort the past six springs, Branson has Division, Southeast Region, has Frederick was the focal point of led a joint park-school district trip initiated a long-range program the Emancipation Revolt of 1848
For a list of NHL assistance resources, see page 12. 4 STEWARDSHIP NEWS
that freed the Danish slaves in the this topic and is scheduled to be Virgin Islands. The presentation submitted to the National Historic KANSAS was part of the celebrations com Landmarks Survey in fall, 1998. memorating the 150th anniversary Because the NPS has committed Lower Cimarron (Wagon of the Emancipation Revolt. Fort to a long-range program of direct Frederick, owned by the Virgin technical assistance to the SHPO Bed) Springs: The Case Islands government, is open to the offices of the American Caribbean, of the "Moving' National public and presents the history of a number of new NHLs have been, Historic Landmark the fort and St. Croix. and are being, designated. At the The NPS staff also conducted same time, this assistance is help By Christine Whitacre field surveys and collected docu ing to train the SHPO staff in mentation for future NHL nomina preparing NHL nominations. The n August 6, 1998, the tions. Miele accompanied Jose presentation of plaques is the OWagon Bed Springs Marrull on trips to the south side culmination of the process and National Historic Landmark in of the island to visit and photo serves to draw formal attention to Grant County, Kansas, graph cultural properties associat the national significance of cultural received a new name and new ed with the Puerto Rican properties. In turn, formal atten boundaries. To more accurately Campaign of the Spanish- tion will hopefully assist in devel reflect its historic name, this American War. Barnes assisted the oping a commitment to their long- Santa Fe Trail site was officially Puerto Rican office in a study of a term preservation. rechristened as the Lower
Spanish colonial lighthouse near Mark Barnes is a Senior Archeologist with the Cimarron Springs, and its bound Guanica, where the American National Register Programs Division, Southeast ary expanded from four acres to army first landed on July 25. Regional Office. National Park Service. 195 acres. More important, the ' 898. A Multiple Property nomina National Historic Landmark tion is being jointly developed on boundary study was successful in
A view of the Cimarron River in the vicinity of Lower Cimarron Springs. During the days of the Santa Fe Trail, Lower Cimarron Springs was a dependable source of water for travelers through what is now western Kansas. The springs was located on the banks of the Cimarron River, which was often dry. Today, the site of the now-dry springs is within the river bed. Photograph by Arnold Thallheimer.
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actually finding the historic springs changed the local topography. As a the springs. Simultaneously, the site. For several years, the exact result, the NHL plaque was placed team hydrologist had concluded location of the now-dry springs near a cistern built by the local that this same site was the most- was a source of considerable con 1-H Club and marked as "Wagon likely location of the springs, troversy for the NHL landowners, Bed Springs" By the 1980s, howev based on its hydrological charac the local chapter of the Santa Fe er, archeological evidence had con teristics. The proximity of several Trail Association (SFTA), and the vinced the local chapter of SFTA trail ruts—as well as the concen National Park Service. that the marker was in the wrong tration of Santa Fe Trail-related As a dependable source of water place. The SFTA moved the artifacts in the area—further sup on a dangerously dry crossing on marker to a new location approxi ported this site as the likely loca the Santa Fe Trail (1821-1880). mately a quarter-mile away— tion of the springs. Lower Cimarron Springs was a creating quite a stir for the NPS As a result of the boundary major landmark for trade cara and the NHL landowners. study, the NPS office in Denver vans as they crossed the open In 1993. the NPS regional office prepared a new NHL nomination plains in what is now southwest in Denver began efforts to find the for Lower Cimarron Springs. The ern Kansas. The springs were on springs site. (The Denver office new boundary includes the the trail's Cimarron Route—some then administered the NHL pro springs, which are now in the bed times referred to as the Cimarron gram for Kansas, which is now of the Cimarron River, as well as Cut-Off—that was the original and administered by the NPS Midwest the ice house depression, several principal route of the Santa Fe Support Office in Omaha. segments of the Santa Fe Trail, Trail. The springs also were on the Nebraska). The NPS Long and the historic campground asso so-called Jornada, the arid desert Distance Trails Office in Santa Fe. ciated with the springs. In addi between the Arkansas and which manages the Santa Fe tion, the boundary study resulted Cimarron Rivers. As Lower National Historic Trail, funded a in yet another relocation of the Cimarron Springs offered west multidisciplinary NPS team, NHL plaque, this time to a site bound travelers the first reliable including an archeologist. a histo closer to the actual springs. source of water during the Jornada rian, and a hydrologist. The team crossing, they became a major Christine Whitacre is a Historian with the examined numerous sources of Intermountain Support Office-Denver. National resting point on the Santa Fe information regarding Lower Park Service. Trail. Numerous Santa Fe Trail Cimarron Springs, including the travelers recorded the immense journals of Santa Fe Trail travelers relief of finding the cool, sweet, and area homesteaders, historic running waters of Lower Cimarron maps, aerial photographs, and MICRONESIA Springs after crossing the Jornada. early newspapers. Also valuable More recently, there was anoth were interviews with long-time er sigh of relief when the actual residents of the area, as well as con The Trouble at Truk: location of the now-dry springs sultation with a local amateur Preserving Submerged site was found. Indeed, the exact archeologist who had collected whereabouts of the springs had Santa Fe Trail artifacts in the vicin Historic Resources been something of a mystery for ity of Lower Cimarron Springs. several years. In 1907. the The locations of historic trails by Clark Graham Daughters of the American and trail-related sites often prove very sport diver has heard Revolution (DAR) had placed a elusive to modern researchers. In of Truk Lagoon (now offi marker at the springs site. Two the case of Lower Cimarron E cially named Chuuk); the years after the springs were desig Springs, the search proved fruit words are synonymous with nated an NHL in 1960, the NPS ful. Historical research revealed wreck diving. Images of World placed a plaque at the site, but that a homesteader in the area War II Japanese ships sunk during located it about 1.200 feet south of had built an icehouse adjacent to two 1944 raids appear in the the original DAI! marker. By that Lower Cimarron Springs, and his diver's mind: guns, ammunition, time, the springs had been dry for diary included the structure's spe aircraft, shoes, bottles, china, several years, a result of deep-well cific size and dimensions. The NPS telegraphs, compasses, bells, as irrigation. The meandering course team located the archeological well as natural phenomena such as of the Cimarron River, as well as remains of the icehouse, allowing soft corals, sea fans, and schools of flooding and erosion, had also them to pinpoint the location of 6 STEWARDSHIP NEWS
fish. All of these things are protect "you will he stepping hack into time ity is something different and much ed and preserved in the Truk to view intact ships and cargo that sadder. In the late 1960s, five Lagoon Sunken Fleet National remains untouched" When compar masts could be seen above water. Historic Landmark in a faraway ing the shipwrecks of Truk Lagoon but by the 1990s, they had all fall part of the world commonly known to other submerged wreck sites, it en: one felled by nature, another by as Micronesia. still ranks as one of the best. design, and three due to careless Travel agents may tell you ahout Yet. having spent more than 20 ness or cruel acts. the manv exciting dives that await. years diving Truk Lagoon, the real In the 1970s, one could visit the
Artifact theft is a major problem for the underwater his toric resources in Truk Lagoon Sunken Fleet National Historic Landmark, Micronesia. While travel agents tout the site as one of the most exciting of all dive sites, veteran divers there have noted serious losses. Photo courtesy of Shibata Ink. San Francisco. CA.
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Fujikawa Maru and see the six- Landmark, compliance with the of this effort must be educational inch shells lying closely together in laws against looting artifacts is programs to make elected leaders, the forward starboard section of the poor. For this reason, a Truk private business, those responsible first hold. During a 24-hour period Lagoon Monitoring Program is des for preservation, our communities, in 1985. fishermen stole these perately needed. The Society for and people of all ages aware of the shells and cut them open to remove Historic Investigation and importance of protecting their his the charges. Packed in large glass Preservation (SHIP) has designed toric and natural submerged bottles with a homemade fuse such a program. This program doc resources. If we do not prevent the attached, the charges were used to uments and records the effects of continued destruction of these mag dynamite fish—an act illegal by time and human impact on arti nificent sites, the next generation law but too commonly practiced in facts, marine growth and the ship will have lost an important historic Truk Lagoon. wrecks, through a regular and legacy and there will be nothing One day in the 1980s, while div on-going monitoring and surveying left to protect. ing the Shinkoku Maru. a large oil program, and provides non- Clark Graham is president of the Society for tanker that had been part of Kito intrusive surveillance of the wrecks Historic Investigation and Preservation (SHIP). ButaJ—the fleet that attacked while trying to determine causes of SHIP is a Federated States of Micronesia not- Pearl Harbor on December 7. damage and deterioration. The for-profit corporation dedicated to promoting 1941—I discovered a rice bowl with the preservation of historic, environmental and complete Shipwreck Monitoring cultural sites and knowledge. a picture of Mt. Fuji painted on it. Program can be found at < www. This. I said to myself, is an artifact geocities.com/~xavierchuuk/>; that should be displayed in a search for "Shipwreck Monitoring museum. Unfortunately, the bowl Program" for links. OHIO was stolen. Truk Lagoon also contains some In the 1990s. I began taking my lesser-known submerged cultural two sons diving on the shipwrecks. resources that are significant in the Cincinnati Observatory I showed them places where things traditional culture of Micronesia. used to be, but were now missing. I Recently, eight students from Focuses on its Past, remembered a dive into the engine Xavier High School and I complet Present and Future room of the Suzuki, where some ed a survey of several traditional equipment had manufacturer's maai. or stone fish weirs, which by Tricia Bevins nameplates. But I could not show played an important role in tradi these to my sons because divers tional fishing technology. Today, in he Cincinnati Observatory, had removed them. many islands the fish weirs are no Trecently designated a Didn't anyone try to prevent the longer used, while others have been National Historic Landmark, is plundering and destruction of this destroyed, their stones taken to an important link to the import historic site? Who is respon build seawalls and house founda nation's scientific past. Its cor sible for this loss? Why did it hap tions. Documenting the maai pro nerstone was laid in the original pen? What can be done to protect vided a great deal of information building in nearby Mt. Adams what remains? about traditional customs, cultural (originally named Mt. Ida) by Responsible sport divers visit change, historic preservation and President John Quincy Adams in Truk Lagoon, respect the laws and development. 1843. This same cornerstone was understand the importance of pro Trying to preserve submerged embedded in the Main Building tecting this magnificent submerged resources, from shipwrecks to tradi- when the Observatory moved to resource. They explore carefully and tional features, is a complex Mt. Lookout in 1873 to escape the conservatively, watch their buoyan endeavor. Greed, carelessness, igno growing city smog. The grounds cy and finning techniques and leave rance, and conflicting and changing and buildings were deeded to the with memories and photographs. priorities continue to threaten the University of Cincinnati in 1846. Less responsible divers remove submerged resources of Truk and the telescopes were used for pieces of the wrecks as souvenirs to Lagoon. What is happening here is astronomical research until the take home and put on their man- only a glimpse into the problems mid-1970s. From its inception, the tles. diminishing these important that exist everywhere for sub Observatory has remained open historic sites for everyone. merged resources. for public viewings. currently Despite the fact that Truk A concerted effort is needed to known as Astronomy Thursdays. Lagoon is a National Historic resolve such problems. A major part The Observatory now houses 8 STEWARDSHIP NEWS
Beside the Main Building of the Cincinnati Observatory, Dale McGirr, (left) a Trustee of the Cincinnati Observatory Center, and John Neal (right), Superinten dent of the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park in Chillicothe, Ohio, proudly display the plaque presented at the May 17, 1998 NHL dedication cere mony. The Ohio state legislature recently awarded a $100,000 grant to the Observatory to help begin their capital fund campaign. Photo courtesy Tricia Bevins.
the world's oldest telescope still in National Weather Bureau, and an educational resource for the public use, which was purchased technology developed at the University of Cincinnati, schools, in (lermany in 1842. A second tele Observatory helped track German professional and amateur scope installed in 1904 also submarines during World War II. astronomers, and the public at remains in use and is an example Since the early 1970s, the large. of the finest early American encroaching suburbs and their light The Cincinnati Observatory instruments. pollution have limited the Center focuses on restoration, Scientific work conducted by Observatory's use as a research preservation and education. astronomers at the Cincinnati center. In order to preserve the Following restoration, the Main Observatory over the past 166 Observatory as a viable community Building will be used as a small years was as much responsible for as.-ci. the University of Cincinnati museum of American Astronomy, its designation as a National envisioned its continued operation housing the Observatory's collec Historic Landmark as was the being linked to a not-for-profit tion of historic astronomical arti classical architecture of its two community organization. Neighbors facts. The Center hopes to aug Samuel Hannaford-designed build and Friends of the Observatory ment the collection with appropri ings. The Observatory was the site (FOTO) formed a planning commit ate artifacts and instruments of the 1840s discovery that tee with the University in 1997 to decommissioned by observatories Antares has a companion star, and develop new programming. The around the country. the Observatory telescope was the Cincinnati Observatory Center was The O. M. Mitchel building, first to see the 1910 apparition of established with a mission to pre which houses the oldest telescope, Halley's Comet. Synchronization of serve the integrity and traditions of will be used primarily for educa standard time in the United the historic nineteenth-century tion and public programming pur States began here. The observatory and its site, to house a poses. It will be open by appoint Observatory was the first to coor collection of artifacts illustrating ment four nights a week as the dinate daily weather bulletins, the history of the science and appli focus of public viewing activities, leading to the establishment of the cation of astronomy, and to serve as and five days a week as part of 9 STEWARDSHIP NEWS
Center tours. Both buildings are currently open each day and staffed by volunteers. The Center encourages visits by individuals as well as scheduled groups of adults and children, business organiza tions, scouting and school groups. Communiversity students, and members of Friends of the Observatory and Cincinnati Astronomical Society. The tele scopes and dome areas are part of guided daytime tours. The tele scopes may be used during the day at the discretion of the astronomer. Thcia Bevins is a Trustee of the Cincinnati Observatory Center.
TENNESSEE
The Hermitage Recovers Prior to the April 1998 tornado, The Hermitage mansion was framed by an 1838 carriage from Devastating drive lined with mature Eastern Red Cedars. Photo courtesy The Hermitage Tornado the entire property is a historic alism. The site also features 15 by Clare Adams museum, the desire to clean up and other historic buildings, including reopen quickly had to be tempered the original cabins where the priceless part of by The Hermitage's primary Jacksons lived from 1804 to 1821, ATennessee's history was responsibility for the preservation the Hermitage Church and the lost on April 16, 1998, when a of historic and archeological fea Greek Revival-style Tulip Grove series of tornadoes tore tures. As a result, skidders, bull mansion. Both mansions and the through the Nashville area. dozers and other conventional church suffered roof and chimney One tornado with gusts in excess clearing equipment could not be damage as a result of the storm. of 200 miles per hour cut a wide used. Hermitage archeologists are Jackson directed the planting of swath through the 680-acre his examining the tree stumps and pits many of the towering trees that toric grounds of The Hermitage, of each downed tree for signs of were damaged or destroyed by the home of the nation's seventh presi artifacts and other information 1998 tornado. Among the irreplace dent Andrew Jackson. The storm about the plantation's history. able losses are the massive cedar toppled more than half of the esti Despite the tornado's devasta trees lining the carriage drive lead mated 2.000 trees on the National tion to the historic landscape. The ing up to the mansion and the mag Historic Landmark site and scat Hermitage mansion escaped with nificent grove of tulip poplars at tered their remains across well- relatively little damage. Built in Tulip Grove. In the garden, a mag groomed lawns and walkways. the federal style in 1821. and nolia tree planted by Jackson in Every day since the tornado, the redesigned in 1836 after a calami memory of his wife, Rachel, roar of wood chippers and the buzz tous fire, the Greek Revival-style crashed into the gate surrounding of chainsaws has filled the air. The mansion is the centerpiece of the her tomb, narrowly missing the Hermitage reopened to visitors on site and a symbol of the period in 1831 (ireek Revival-style monu May 18, but recovery is expected to which Jackson provided bold lead ment. continue well into 1999. with costs ership, a time of national expan The loss of over 1,200 mature estimated at $2.5 million. Because sion, economic opportunity and ide tree.- lias resulted in approximate!) 10 STEWARDSHIP NEWS
recovery and replanting. As the clean-up work and lumber sales proceed, thoughts are already turning to landscape restoration. Although the loss of so many mature trees was a tragedy, the dis aster lent urgency to a ten-year landscape restoration plan that was already on the drawing hoard to restore the plantation landscape to its early nineteenth-century appear ance. In contrast to today's park like setting, during Jackson's era The Hermitage was a 1,000-acre working plantation, which included extensive farm fields, vegetable gar dens, livestock, slave quarters, and Jackson's prized race horses, all in close proximity to the mansion. And nineteenth-century visitors would have seen cedar shrubs lining the carriage drive, not the towering trees uprooted by the tornado. The heavy loss of forest canopy has also revealed undesirable and Over 1,200 old-growth trees on the picturesque lawns of this National Historic Landmark intrusive views of the surrounding were uprooted and broken by the tornado's 200 mile per hour winds. commercial and suburban environ Photo courtesy The Hermitage. ment, and a thick buffer zone of trees will be planted around the one-half million board feet of tulip ducing a limited edition of 200 Old property perimeters beginning in poplar, red cedar, cherry, walnut Hickory guitars made with wood 1999. The selection and cultivation and sugar maple. The majority of harvested from a 280-year old tulip of native Tennessee trees is a criti the fallen trees were the oldest and poplar toppled by the tornado. The cal element in these plantings, and largest specimens on the site, with guitars feature Jackson's nickname with the help of the Tennessee an average circumference greater "Old Hickory." earned for his tenaci Department of Agriculture. Forestry than eight feet. The prospect of ty and fortitude during the War of Division and the American Forests lumber sales received a boost when 1812. inlaid in mother-of-pearl. Famous and Historic Tree Program, SmartWood. the forest certification Profiles, Incorporated, based in a seedling nursery will be estab program of the Rainforest Alliance, Westport. Connecticut, has become lished on site. certified The Hermitage wood under a key partner in The Hermitage's During Andrew Jackson's life its Rediscovered Wood program. lumber salvage operation. This time. The Hermitage served as a SmartWood's goal is to reduce the innovative company specializes in refuge of civilization in the middle long-term environmental impact of using certified lumber for fine cus of the wilderness. In the twentieth logging through sustainable yield tom millwork and high-end residen century, it became a peaceful green forestry and the certification of tial construction. Profiles has taken oasis in the midst of encroaching reused, reclaimed, recycled and sal charge of the lumber milling, pro civilization. With time and the con vaged wood. The Hermitage is the cessing and drying operations and tinued support of many old and new first National Historic Landmark the company is researching poten friends, the landscape of this Nl II. site to be SmartWood certified. tial national markets. Given the is destined to he restored again as Several innovative partnerships wood's historic significance and its Jackson's beloved farm. have developed as a direct result of SmartWood certification, this the SmartWood Rediscovered Wood approach is likely to enhance the Clare Adams is a Historical Landscape certification. Nashville-based visibility of The Hermitage and Architect. Architectural Historian, and Director of Research at The Hermitage. Gibson Guitar Corporation is pro maximize its potential revenues for 11 NHL ASSISTANCE
National Park Service Connecticut. Delaware. District of Northeast Field Office Columbia. Maine. Maryland. P.O. Box 18889 National Historic Massachusetts, New Hampshire. New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19119 Landmarks Assistance .Jersey. New York. Pennsylvania. Rhode 215/991-5778 Island. Vermont, Virginia. West Virginia Initiative Delaware. New .Jersey. Pennsylvania Southeast Regional Office Southern Office Alaska Support Office Atlanta Federal Center 456 King Street 2525 Gambell Street, Room 107 1924 Building Charleston, South Carolina 29403 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 100 Alabama Street, SW 843/722-8552 907/257-2668 Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Alabama. Florida. Georgia. Kentucky. Alaska 404/562-3171 Louisiana. Mississippi. North Carolina. Alabama. Florida. Georgia. Kentucky. South Carolina. Tennessee. West Virginia Columbia Cascades Support Office Louisiana. Mississippi. North Carolina. 909 First Avenue Puerto Rico. South Carolina. Tennessee, Southern Field Office Seattle, Washington 98104-1060 the Virgin Islands 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, NW 206/220-4138 Washington, D.C. 20036 National Center for Cultural Idaho, Oregon. Washington 202/588-6000 Resource Stewardship and Maryland. Puerto Rico. Virginia, Intermountain Support Office— Partnership Virgin Islands. Washington. DC Denver National Park Service P.O. Box 25287 1849 C Street, NW—Room NC 330 Southwest Office Denver, Colorado 80225 Washington, D.C. 20240 500 Main Street, Suite #606 303/969-2842 202/343-9591 Fort Worth, Texas 76102 Montana. Wyoming. Colorado. Utah Nationwide technical assistance 817/332-4398 Arkansas. New Mexico. Oklahoma. Intermountain Support Office— National Trust for Texas Santa Fe P.O. Box 728 Historic Preservation Western Office Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 Field Offices 1 Sutter Street 505/988-6788 San Francisco, California 94104 Arizona, New Mexico. Texas. Midwest Office 415/956-0610 Oklahoma 53 West Jackson Boulevard, Alaska. Arizona. California. Hawaii, Suite 350 Idaho. Nevada. Oregon. Washington. Midwest Support Office Chicago, Illinois 60604 Guam. Micronesia 1709 Jackson Street 312/939-5547 Omaha, Nebraska 68102 Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Michigan. Headquarters 402/221-3426 Minnesota. Missouri. Ohio. Wisconsin 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Arkansas. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Washington, D.C. 20036 Kansas. Michigan. Minnesota. Missouri. Mountains/Plains Office 202/588-6000 Nebraska. North Dakota. Ohio. South 51116th Street, Suite 1100 Nationwide technical assistance Dakota. Wisconsin Denver, Colorado 80202 303/623-1504 Pacific Great Basin Support Office Advisory Council on Suite 600 Colorado. Kansas. Montana. Nebraska. North Dakota. South Dakota. Historic Preservation P.O. Box 36063 Wyoming. Utah San Francisco, California 94107- Old Post Office Building, Suite 809 1372 Northeast Office 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 415/427-1398 7 Faneuil Hall Marketplace Washington, DC 20004 American Samoa. California. Boston, Massachusetts 02109 202/606-8503 Commonwealth of Northern Mariana 617/523-0885 Islands. Federated States of Micronesia. Connecticut. Maine. Massachusetts. Suite 330 Guam, Hawaii. Nevada. Republic of the New Hampshire. New York. Rhode Island. Marshall Islands. Republic of I'alau 12136 West Bayaud Avenue Vermont Lakewood, CO 80228 Philadelphia Support Office 303/969-5110 U.S. Custom House 200 Chestnut Street We encourage you to contact your State Historic Preservation Officer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 For more information about your SHPO, check with the 215/597-2284 NPS NHL coordinator for your state.
12 MORE NATIONAL NEWS
FROM ASSOCIATION, PAGE 1 The next Stewards' meeting will Long Branch. New Jersey One issue that attendees were occur in Philadelphia at asked to consider was the desir Carpenter's Hall. January 21-22, Interpreted properties ability of establishing an associa 1999. It is expected that the • Toni Collins, Brandywine Association will be incorporated tion of NHL stewards. The Battlefield State Park. response to this question was over and fully functional by the end of Brandywine. Pennsylvania whelmingly positive. Thus, in summer. 1999. September, 1998 the Northeast The National Park Service J Bob Darrie. Christ Church. Region of the National Park views these Philadelphia meetings Alexandria. Virginia Service hosted a meeting in as the important beginning of a • Florence Leon, The Hermitage, Philadelphia with representatives wide and effective network of NHL I lohokus. New Jersey from each of the four West Point stewards to benefit the entire • John Mills. Princeton affinity groups to further explore nation. The National Park Service Battlefield State Park. helping NHL stewards form an enthusiastically supports this Princeton, New Jersey association. nascent organization and looks for • John Moon. Fort Warren, The group identified two main ward to working with a national Suffolk County, Massachusetts goals of a potential stewards' orga association of stewards, state and nization: advocacy and education. local chapters of this organization, • Michael Ripton. Ephrata An important advantage would be and affiliations of thematically- Cloister, Ephrata, Pennsylvania the power of a collective voice for related sites in order to facilitate advocacy. A group would also be communication among stewards in Historic districts more effective in such activities as ways that are meaningful and use • Malcolm Mason, Mount Vernon public education, legislative action, ful to everyone. Place Historic District. ind fund-raising from major foun NHL stewards who have ques Baltimore. Maryland dations and individuals. tions, ideas, or would like to help • Laura Calnan. Cape May Agreeing on the basic need and are encouraged to contact either Historic District, Cape May, the outline of a mission, the stew one of the two co-chairs: Bob Darrie New Jersey ards voted to form an organization. at 703/549-1450 or Mary Leach at Stewards Bob Darrie and Mary 410/706-7002: or the National Park • Jane Schnitzer, Nantucket Leach were elected as co-chairs. Service, National Historic Historic District, Nantucket, Massachusetts The organization was tentatively Landmarks Program. Northeast named the "National Historic Region, at 215/597-1578. Landmarks Stewards Association." Private properties and envisioned as a not-for-profit articipants at the fall, 1998 • Wendy and Richard Anderson, corporation to establish eligibility Pfounding of the National Joseph Reynolds House, Bristol, for grants and other financial sup Historic Landmarks Stewards' Rhode Island port. The representative stewards Association: • Russell and Jaclyn Marriott, also agreed to seek partnerships William Floyd House, and alliances with existing historic Institutional properties Westernville. New York preservation organizations, both • Andrea Lazarski, New York public and private. State Capitol, Albany, New York Regional NPS staff involved in Convening again in Philadelphia the management of the NHL pro • Mary Leach, University of in November. 1998 participants gram were also in attendance, Maryland College of Medicine refined their consensus on the (Davidge Hall), Baltimore including Bill Bolger, Bill association's mission, and took Brookover, Bonnie Halda, Kate steps to initiate programs, reach • Gerald Allen and Dino Catalano Milley, Carolyn Pitts, out to more stewards, and to incor Valaoritis, architects, Trinity Vicki Sandstead, Lisa Kolakowsky porate legally. A major initiative Church, New York Smith. Christeen Taniguchi, and from the November meeting will be -J Liz Harvey, NHLs administered Catherine Turton. by the City of Philadelphia. .o ask other National Park Service Bill Bolger is Program Manager and Christeen support offices to invite the partici Pennsylvania Taniguchi is a Historian with the National pation of National Historic • Peter Primavera. Shadow Historic Landmarks Program. Northeast Region. Landmark stewards around the Lawn. Monmouth College, West National Park Service. country. 13 NATIONAL NEWS
FROM CONFERENCE, PAGE 1 FROM MOTON, PAGE 1 room schoolhouse intended for 180. The conference was sponsored her fellow students at Prince with overflow into three temporary by the National Park Service's Edward County's Robert Russa tarpaper-covered buildings on the Midwest Support Office and was Moton High School, the all-black lawn, their white counterparts co-hosted by the Alden B. Dow- high school in Farmville. Virginia. studied a few blocks away in a spa Home and Studio, a National This day and the events that fol cious modern facility that allowed Historic Landmark in Midland, lowed are celebrated in the designa them ample opportunity to stretch Michigan. tion of the Robert Russa Moton High both their minds and their legs. More than 80 people attended. School as a National Historic The student strike continued representing Xlll.s from eight of Landmark. The school has been rec through the end of the school year the region's thirteen states. A pie- ognized for the unique and very and was painful for many members conference grant writing workshop important role that it played within of the black community in Prince was held on Friday. August 21, fol the community and the nation in Edward County. Parents of many of lowed by an evening dinner recep the evolution of civil rights in educa the students lost their jobs with tion and tour of the Dow Home tion. The school is named for Dr. various county departments, and and Studio which kicked off the Robert Russa Moton, a local man teachers were out of work for lack of conference. On Saturday. August born to enslaved parents, who students. The students, supported 22, the conference moved to the became a pioneer in the education of by their parents, protested their campus of Northwood University African-Americans and succeeded lack of access to equal education where NHL owners and managers Booker T. Washington as head of entitled to them under the law set attended sessions on "Historic- Tuskegee Institute. forth in Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 Landscapes." "Funding and Over 800 people gathered at the U.S. 537. This ruling gave legal Financing for Your Historic- school for a grand ceremony to cel sanction to the separate but equal Property," "Heritage Tourism," and ebrate the Landmark designation doctrine stipulating that as long as more. The sessions were presented on August 31. 1998. Robert the races were provided equal by preservation professionals from Stanton. Director of the National facilities, the states could operate throughout the Midwest and pro Park Service, presented the separate systems—including school systems. However, after conversa vided ample time for attendees to Landmark plaque to the Moton tions with the NAACP the students share preservation experiences Board, the newly formed not-for- and their supporters re-evaluated and meet and discuss their con profit organization responsible for their cause and decided that sepa cerns with the speakers, fellow the future of the school. Also pre rate but equal was not enough. NHL owners and managers, and sent were Marie Rust. Northeast Total integration became their NPS staff. Regional Director, National Park goal. After many lawsuits at the On Saturday evening, confer Service, and the superintendents of local and state levels, the case of ence attendees gathered at the five national parks. The designa No. 4 Davis et al. v. County School Ashman Court Hotel for a recep tion of the school as a National Board of Prince Edward County. tion, dinner, and keynote address. Historic Landmark helps to raise Virginia, et al. joined four other Bob Yapp, host of the PBS series. public awareness of the struggle cases from around the nation in "About Your House with Bob for civil rights in our nation and the Supreme Court of the United Yapp," delighted the audience this small rural community's States under the title of Brown v. with a lively and refreshing important role in that struggle. Board of Education of Topeka. keynote address. The conference Shortly after arriving at Moton finished on Sunday with an "Ask High School, on that April day One might think this story had the Expert" session with all speak Barbara Johns led her fellow stu ended with the 1954 ruling of the ers taking questions from the dents in a strike. The students Supreme Court in the Brown deci audience, followed by tours of local gathered in the small auditorium sion to overturn the Plessy v. historic sites. and marched down Main Street to Ferguson "separate but equal" doc Planning is underway for the the County Courthouse where they trine, but it had hardly begun. Midwest Region's second NHL attempted to make the county offi Many places in Virginia, and Owners Conference to be held in cials aware of the grave racial Prince Edward County in particu 2000. inequities supported within Prince lar, practiced "massive resistance." Edward County's public education Rather than integrate its public Bill Nelligan is an Architectural Historian in the school.-. Prince Edward County Cultural Resources Division. Midwest Support system. While over 450 black stu Office. National Park Service. dents studied in a small, eight- closed them. For over four years 14 NATIONAL NEWS
many black students in the county Region National Historic representing the new National were deprived of any access to Landmarks Program plans to have Historic Landmarks Stewards public education. Consequently, a draft preservation plan for the Association. At the close of the ses many families were forced to leave school by January. 1999. For more sion, NHL stewards received green the county in search of education information about this project, ribbons to identify their affiliation for their children and jobs for please contact Bill Bolger, with NHLs and to encourage net themselves. Most of the white stu National Historic Landmarks working. dents found ways to overcome the Program Manager for the The following day, Dr. Leach closing of the schools by attending Northeast Region, at 215/ 597- convened a forum for NHL stew private academies created for 1649. or
George O'Keeffe's home and studio in Abiquiu, New Mexico, was designated a National Historic Landmark in August, 1998 by the Secretary of the Interior. This view shows the north facade of the studio building; the large plate-glass window is the artist's studio and bedroom. In the foreground is the door to the fallout shelter. Photo courtesy of the Historic American Buildings Survey.
tion of nationally significant cultur that may be "directly and adverse Sixteen Cultural al resources is essential to the ly affected" by a Federal or nation's understanding of its her Federally-assisted undertaking. Treasures Designated as itage, the three organizations agree The National Trust assists the National Historic to work more closely together and private sector with preservation of Landmarks with other partners on cooperative the nation's heritage and uses and mutually supportive activities. National Historic Landmark status by Kira Badamo The National Park Service as one factor in guiding its deci administers Federally mandated sions ahout levels of intervention. ew would think that programs to identify, monitor and Together these three organiza Frenowned twentieth- protect National Historic tions will work to hroaden public century artist Georgia O'Keeffe Landmarks, which are seen as awareness and understanding of and nineteenth-century radi equally significant as National the significance of NHLs, to cal reformer and abolitionist Park units in conveying the enhance tools and incentives for John Brown share much in national aspects of our heritage. the preservation of NHLs. and to common. Yet both had a profound The Advisory Council on increase cooperative activities in impact on American culture, both Historic Preservation administers support of NHLs. NHL Network, were inspired by the land and regulations that give special con which includes news from all three landscape in which they made sideration to protection of partners, is one of the first steps their homes, and in August. 1998 National Historic Landmarks. toward these goals. both of their homes were designat Council regulations require that Susan Escherich is Coordinator of the National ed National Historic Landmarks Federal agencies "undertake such Historic Landmarks Assistance Initiative. by the Secretary of the Interior. planning and actions as may be National Park Service. Georgia O'Keeffe entered the necessary" to minimize harm to American art scene in the 1910s. any National Historic Landmark Breaking from the predominant
16 NATIONAL NEWS
theories of European Modernism. his farm only intermittently until James Charnley House in she was a pioneer of organic 1859. when his body was laid to Chicago, Illinois, an important abstractionism in American Art. rest on the property following his work in the history of mod O'Keeffe's home and studio in execution for treason after the ernism in architecture and one Ahiquiu. New Mexico, and the aborted raid on the Federal of the few major residential landscape that surrounded it were Arsenal at Harpers Ferry. commissions realized by Louis the subject of many of her paint The O'Keeffe and Brown proper- Sullivan. ings late in her career. These 1 ies are among the sixteen thai Laurel Hill Cemetery in works are now seen as quintessen were designated National Historic Philadelphia. Pennsylvania, the tial images of the American West Landmarks on August 5. 1998. by product of Philadelphia in twentieth-century art. the Secretary of the Interior. Also Quakers' interest in horticul While O'Keeffe saw art in the designated were: ture, landscape gardening and landscape around her. John Brown • Merion Friends Meeting House burial reform, and an outstand saw freedom in his. Brown was in Merion, Pennsylvania, signif ing representative of the evolu drawn to the desolate and hostile icant for its associations with a tion of American architecture, climate of the Adirondacks near group of Welsh Quakers who landscape architecture and present-day Lake Placid. New settled the Merion area of Penn funerary art. York, as part of a great experiment sylvania during the initial year Woodmont in Gladwyne, by Gerritt Smith to settle free of English settlement in 1682. blacks on the land to form a self- Pennsylvania, a well-preserved sustaining farm community. • Castle Hill in Ipswich. chateau-style house constructed Brown purchased the property Massachusetts, a major surviv in 1892, for Alan Wood. Jr., a from Smith in 1849 to assist with ing example of a landscaped founder of the Alan Wood Iron he effort, but was often called estate of the "Country Place and Steel Company. It later .iway to participate in various abo Era" at the turn of the twenti became the home of the litionist causes. Brown returned to eth century. Reverend M. J. Divine, founder
Fenway Studios, a recently designated Boston NHL, is one of very few studio/ apartment buildings in the United States designed from artists' specifica tions that is still used by artists today. Photo courtesy of Fenway Studios Inc.. Boston. MA.
17 NATIONAL NEWS
A recently designated NHL, Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia, was a subject of one of five appellate school segregation court cases argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954 as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Photo by Julie Vosmik. 1995.
of the Peace Mission movement, passes the entire lifesaving ser with the celebrated Amistad a progressive religious and vice history: the early volunteer affair of 1839-1841. The social movement that embraced efforts, the United States Life- Africans who had participated integration long before the Saving Service, and the United in the celebrated 1839 revolt national Civil Rights movement States Coast Guard. were housed in quarters on this of the 1950s and 1960s. Cape Hatteras Light Station in site until they returned to their J Woodlawn in Alexandria, the Cape Hatteras National homeland in November, 1841. Virginia, significant both for its Seashore in Buxton, North The original quarters are con role in the early history of the Carolina, a crucial coastal aid to tained within the carriage historic preservation movement navigation along the Atlantic house structure on the site. in the United States, and for its Coast, was the major transporta • Milton House in Milton, unique integration of Georgian tion corridor for commercial traf Wisconsin, designated under the and Federal architectural fic from the late eighteenth Underground Railroad Theme features. through the twentieth centuries. Study as a representative of the • Fenway Studios in Boston, Ponce De Leon Inlet Light westward spread of abolitionism Massachusetts, one of very few Station in Ponce Inlet, Florida, and its transformation from a studio buildings in the United significant for its association moral to a political issue. States designed from artists' with the Federal Government's Q Trevino-Uribe Rancho in San specifications that is still in use efforts to provide an integrated Ygnacio, Texas, one of the best, by artists today. system of navigational aids and most complex, and fully realized LJ North Manitou Lifesaving to provide for safe maritime examples of domestic border Station in Sleeping Bear Dunes transportation. lands architecture that survives National Lakeshore, Leelanau Austin F. Williams Carriage from the Spanish colonial/ County. Michigan, the only sur House and House in Mexican period in the United viving station of a network of Farmington. Connecticut, signif States. nearly two hundred that encom icant for its direct connection J Natural Bridge in Rockbridge 18 NATIONAL NEWS
County. Virginia, which, during under its historical name. Lower • Bethabara, Winston Salem, the Colonial and Early National Cimarron Springs (see "Lower North Carolina periods in America, ranked Cimarron (Wagon Bed) Springs: • Fort Corchaug. Cutchogue. New among the most notable natural The Case of the Moving NHL", York wonders of the New World. Its page 5). The spring was a major _1 Harmonv Mills. Cohoes, New national significance lies in its landmark for trade caravans as York role in the development of a they crossed the open plains of the national self-identity tied to the Oregon trail in what is now south • Petrified Sea Gardens. Saratoga seemingly boundless landscape western Kansas. Springs. New York of the New World. Kira Badamo is a Historian with the National • Boston Avenue Methodist Robert Russa Moton High Historic Landmarks Survey. National Park Episcopal Church. Tulsa. School in Farmville. Virginia, a Service. Oklahoma subject of one of five appellate 3 Guthrie Historic District. school segregation court cases Guthrie. Oklahoma argued before the U.S. Supreme Advisory Board _) Bost Building. Homestead. Court in 1954 as Brown v. Recommends Pennsylvania Board of Education of Topeka. The school became the focus of Landmarks at Fall _) John Coltrane House. national attention in the years Meeting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania following the Brown decision as J Friends Hospital, Philadelphia. the most extreme example of by Patty Henry Pennsylvania "massive resistance" to integra • Chief Plenty Coups. (Alek-Chea- tion, when Prince Edward he Secretary of the Ahoosh) Home. Big Horn County Commissioners chose to TInterior's National Park County. Montana close the public schools rather System Advisory Board met on than integrate them (see related October 18-20 in New Orleans, In addition, the Advisory Board article, page 1). Louisiana. At their business recommended de-designation for meeting on October 20, the 3 Radeau Land Tortoise in Lake the Roosevelt Dam. Gila and Board considered 15 proper Maricopa Counties, Arizona, which George. New York, a well-pre ties and recommended all 15 served mid-eighteenth century has irrevocably lost the qualities unanimously to the Secretary fur which is was designated an naval craft associated with the of the Interior for National military history of the American NHL. Historic Landmark designa colonies during the French and If you have any questions about tion. The paperwork asking for Indian Wars. these nominations, or the Advisory the Secretary's action on these rec Board and its role in the National ommendations will be sent for In addition, boundary and name Historic Landmarks Program, ward from the Director of the please contact Patty Henry at 202/ changes were approved for two National Park Service. It is hoped existing National Historic 343-8163, ore-mail that the Secretary will designate
NATIONAL TRUST NHLs have ranged from Action Savannah, Georgia's, downtown to The Trust's network of regional Grand Central Station in New offices provides information to York City, Monticello in Virginia: assist stewards of NHLs and other The National Trust for and the Grand Canyon structures historic places. These offices also, Historic Preservation designed by Mary Jane Coulter. on a selective basis, intervene to help protect threatened historic and National Historic Advocacy places. In making these selections, Landmarks The list of 11 Most Endangered regional staff apply intervention Historic Places announced by the criteria that give a high priority to by Peter Brink National Trust each year often NHLs. Examples include the highlights threatened NHLs. The recent saving of Virginia City, he National Trust for purpose of the list is to make Montana, a town constructed dur THistoric Preservation is a Americans more aware of threats ing the mining boom of the 1860s. national not-for-profit organi to important parts of their her whose 60 authentic buildings with zation providing education, itage. Extensive media coverage their entire contents were to be advocacy and action to save and follow-up assistance often auctioned off piecemeal. The State America's diverse historic engender action to save these of Montana has purchased this places and revitalize the places. The 1998 list includes NHL. thanks in large part to the nation's communities. The Governors Island in New York Trust's intercession. The Trust also lifeblood of the Trust is its 270.000 where de-accessioning by the U.S. assisted the City of Independence. members, including 4.000 organi Coast Guard is going forward with Missouri, in providing better local zations, across the United States. no assurance that the extensive protection for the NHL district in The National Trust places a spe NHL district will be preserved and which the home of President Harry Truman is located. cial value on National Historic protected in the future. The Trust Landmarks because of their nation likewise recognizes and publicizes al importance in telling America's the best of historic preservation in Financial Assistance story. The Trust assists NHLs and its National Preservation Awards. At times, the Trust intervenes their owners in several ways: In concert with preservationists in the form of financial assistance. across the U.S., the Trust plays a The National Preservation Loan Education leading role in influencing public Fund loans up to $250,000 for The Trust owns 18 NHLs that policies in ways that benefit many NHL assistance, with a strong pri are preserved, interpreted and NHLs. Examples of results are ority to those owned by not-for- open to the public. These historic enactment and protection of the profit or public entities. Preserva sites are operated either directly Federal Historic Preservation Tax tion Service Fund grants provide by the Trust or by local boards in Credits, available for appropriate seed money for planning and other co-stewardship arrangements. The major rehabilitations of income- expert assistance for preservation properties range from Daniel producing historic structures, such projects. Chester French's home in as NHLs. The passage and re Stockbridge, Massachusetts, to authorization of Federal highway Specialized Assistance Drayton Hall in Charleston, South legislation that allocates $600 mil The Trust also provides special Carolina, and to the Frank Lloyd lion annually to states for "trans ized assistance through its Main Wright Home and Studio in Oak portation enhancement projects," Street Program, Rural Heritage Park, Illinois. Thus, the Trust has expressly including historic preser Program, Heritage Tourism hands-on experience in being a vation projects is another example. Program, and Community steward of NHLs. and it uses Currently, the Trust is champi Partners. The Main Street these sites to illustrate the impor oning a Federal tax credit to assist Program has worked extensively tance of NHLs. owners in rehabilitating historic in the NHL-designated Illinois & The Trust often features historic structures, such as NHLs, which Michigan Canal Corridor. places that are NHLs in its award- are their homes. Community Partners worked in winning magazine, Preservation, the Sweet Auburn NHL District of which is received by all Trust Atlanta, Georgia, and the Heritage members. Feature articles about Tourism Program assisted the 20 PARTNERSHIP NEWS
Marie Webster House NHL in Both sections of the law require the maintenance of historic build Marion, Indiana, in developing the that the Advisory Council on ings pending disposal of the prop national Quilters Hall of Fame. Historic Preservation be afforded a erty; the placement of protective "reasonable opportunity to com covenants on district properties Information ment" on the Federal undertaking prior to their disposal; and the Finally, the Trust offers a range and its effects. Regulations issued development of a Preservation and of information and publications, by the Council, an independent Design Manual for the district. summarized in the prior issue of Federal agency, lay out the process GSA's Governors Island web site NHL Network. For more informa for dealing with both sections of
the battlefield. Chester County Preservation Officer, and the of the NHL. In addition, signs will has not restricted the development Council in July, 1998. The agree be erected along the roads in the of the property, although it was ment contains provisions intended housing complex to educate the notified in 1991 by the National to ensure that the development public on the course of the battle Park Service that the battlefield blends in with the character of the fought there. The developer has was included in the list of endan area and that the general public agreed to provide some financial gered and threatened NHLs. continues to have access to this assistance to the nonprofit Issuance of a Federal permit is portion of the battlefield. With Brandywine Battlefield Task Force an undertaking subject to review guidance and advice from the for planning future land use with under Sections 106 and 110(0 of National Park Service's in the NHL boundaries. Philadelphia Support Office, the the NHPA. As a result of the con Druscilla Null is a Program Analyst and Tom sultation process required by the consulting parties have developed McCulloch is an Archeologist with the Office of Council's regulations, an agree a vegetative screening plan to Planning and Review. Advisory Council: Ron ment was signed by the Corps, the reduce the intrusiveness of the Anzalone is Assistant to the Executive Director. Advisory Council. Pennsylvania State Historic complex on the undeveloped areas
The Roofing Conference and Exposition for Historic Buildings • Philadelphia, PA, March 17-19, 1999. • Important national conference on the restoration and rehabilitation of roofs and roofing on historic buildings. • Over 50 experts from the United States and Canada participating as speakers, a comprehen sive handbook, demonstrations, and behind-the-scene tours. • Featuring traditional artistry and new technologies, conser vation and up-to-date rehabilitation options. • An exposition featuring select companies from North America exhibiting prod ucts and services for the rehabilitation of historic roofs. • A special exhibit on historic roofing. • For registration informa tion: Historic Roofing Conference, P.O. Box 75207, Washington, DC 20013. Phone: 202/343-6008. Fax: 202/343-3803.
22 NHL BITS AND BYTES
fit from record funding under LEGISLATION the newly authorized PUBLICATIONS Transportation Efficiency Act Federal Grants to Save for the 21st Century. It will include an increase of approxi Revamped NPS America's Treasures mately 20% over that provided by Publication Series the Intermodal Surface he appropriations bill Transportation Efficiency Act Targets Broader Tpassed by Congress on (ISTEA). Transportation muse Audience October 19 contained ums, and tourist and welcome cen $30,000,000 for Save America's ters associated with historic high eritage Preservation Treasures (also known as ways, are all eligible. Historic HServices (HPS), National "Millennium Grants"). It stipu preservation, rehabilitation and Park Service, has revamped its lates that the money will be for operation of historic mass trans popular publication series, priority preservation projects, portation buildings and facilities Local Preservation, which pro including preservation of intellec are eligible. vides information on historic tual and cultural artifacts and of For further information visit preservation planning, related historic structures and sites owned
Visit the One-Stop NHL Web Page at
23 U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Heritage Preservation Services, 1849 C Street, NW, Room NC330, Washington, DC 20240
IN THIS ISSUE: NATIONAL: NHL stewards association formed...page 1 NHL owners' conference in Midwest...page 1 Civil rights era school is NHL...page 1 NHL assistance list...page 12 Stewards meet in Savannah...page 15 NHL Assistance Initiative...page 15 Sixteen sites designated NHLs...page 16 NHLs recommended at fall meeting...page 19 STEWARDSHIP: Alaskan site preserved...page 3 Caribbean landmarks recognized...page 4 Wagon Bed Springs gets new name, boundaries...page 5 Truk's submerged resources in danger...page 6 Cincinnati Observatory focuses on future...page 8 Hermitage recovers from tornado...page 10 PARTNERSHIPS: National Trust and NHLs.page 20 Advisory Council features two NHL cases...page 21 Roofing conference coming up...page 22 BITS AND BYTES: TEA-21 and Save America's Treasures.page 23 N""" virtual visits, publications series revamped...page 23