DOCSLIB.ORG

Church of Greece Under Axis Occupation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Church of Greece Under Axis Occupation Church of Greece under Axis Occupation A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Panteleymon E Anastasakis IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Adviser: Theofanis G. Stavrou August 2009 © Panteleymon E Anastasakis, August 2009 Acknowledgements Completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the constant support of teachers, family, and friends, and I am pleased to have the opportunity to thank them all. Among the several teachers who have contributed substantially to my “paedeia,” I would like first to thank members of my dissertation committee. My adviser Professor Theofanis G. Stavrou played a central role in this learning process from the moment I expressed interest in working with him at the University of Minnesota until I defended my dissertation. Among other things, it was he who suggested the dissertation topic of the role of the Church of Greece during the Axis occupation of the country. Throughout my years at Minnesota, he provided valuable advice and encouragement, and continued to have faith in me even when I wavered. Professor John Kim Munholland maintained a deep interest in my work at all times. He encouraged me to view the Greek experience in the broader European context of the Second World War, occupation, and resistance. From our first seminar until my dissertation defense, his insightful comments played a crucial role in shaping me as a scholar. Similarly, Professor Sarah Chambers, a Latin America expert, contributed her own useful comparative insights to the project. I especially appreciated her suggestion to explore in greater detail society’s expectations from institutions like the church as opposed to expectations from state institutions. Professors Gary Jahn and Ronald Walter advised me wisely on matters of mechanics and writing style. Two other individuals at Minnesota that I would like to thank are Professor Eric Weitz and Soterios Stavrou. Through his course on Weimar Germany and many discussions, Professor Weitz offered many suggestions to improve conceptualization of the dissertation. Soterios Stavrou’s contribution to my knowledge of the modern Greek i language and literature has been of inestimable value. His method of teaching and his patience helped me appreciate the fascinating nuances of language beyond my fondest dreams. He and I spent many hours in his crowded office discussing questions about translation of the sources which formed the backbone of the dissertation. As an undergraduate and graduate student at Florida State University, I had the pleasure of taking courses from several remarkable individuals who contributed substantially to my intellectual development. This group of individuals includes professors Mark O’Neill, Edward Wynot, Robin Sellers, and Jonathan Grant. Courses I took from Professor O’Neill during my first year at Florida State compelled me to choose history as a profession. Professor Sellers always demonstrated a genuine interest in my studies, as well as my professional and personal life. Professor Wynot’s infectious passion for Eastern European history left its indelible mark on me. He always encouraged his students to consider history as a life-long profession. So, when I decided to focus on modern Greek history, it was he who suggested that I contact Professor Stavrou at the University of Minnesota. Professor Jonathan Grant, a dear friend and mentor, epitomizes the finest of qualities expected from a university professor. Even after I began the program at Minnesota, he maintained his interest in my development as a person and scholar. Frequently, he called me to inquire about my progress and to offer encouragement. While researching the dissertation, I was fortunate to enjoy the friendship and assistance of a number of individuals in Greece. First and foremost, I want to thank Professor Efthymios Soulogiannis, who proved to be my right-hand person, and indeed acted as an unofficial adviser. Specifically, he helped me gain access to archives and ii took time to meet and discuss my project with me on numerous occasions over lunch. In short, he helped me adjust to the pace of Athenian life. I also want to express my appreciation to the staff at the Academy of Athens, the Archive of the Holy Synod, the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, the Library of the Parliament, the National Library of Greece, the Gennadius Library, and the Library of the Holy Synod for their splendid cooperation. Throughout my career at Minnesota, I was fortunate enough to receive a number of teaching and research appointments. Professor Andrew Odlyzko, the director of the Digital Technology Center at the Walter Library, kindly selected me to work with him as a research assistant on several occasions from 2006 to 2008. In addition to the financial support, Professor Odlyzko’s enthusiasm for his work was most inspiring. The Department of History provided me with numerous teaching opportunities as a teaching assistant and instructor. The European Studies Consortium made it possible for me to continue my study of modern Greek in Thessaloniki with the help of two Summer FLAS fellowships. The Graduate School International Thesis Research Grant allowed me to conduct my research in Greece in the fall of 2004. I am especially grateful that twice I was the recipient of the Basil Laourdas Fellowship, earmarked for graduate students in European history with an emphasis on modern Greece. The Laourdas Fellowship allowed me to complete my research in Greece in the spring of 2005 and to write a substantial part of the dissertation in the fall of 2007. Finally, I want to thank my friends and family for all of their support over the years. At the University of Minnesota, I enjoyed the intellectual stimulation and social interaction of an unusual group of fellow graduate students, among them Angelo iii Georgakis, Erich Lippman, Denis Vovchenko, Thomas Farmer, Christopher Rene, Çiğdem Çıdam, and Yu Jiang. Two childhood friends, Daniel Ortiz and Ed Sheehy, continue to provide meaningful support. My wonderful fiancé Ayten Gundogdu has offered her love and support since becoming part of my life six years ago. She has also helped me sharpen my understanding of several problems and ideas discussed in the dissertation. During my numerous trips to Greece, family and friends opened their home and offered warm hospitality. Uncle Vassili and Aunt Sofia encouraged me to stay with them in Crete whenever I had a chance. In fact, their house became a second home to me. Aunt Maria, Uncle Nikos, and Cousin Aris provided a wonderful family atmosphere during my Sunday visits with them. Special thanks go to two dear friends of my parents, George Daskal and his wife Romani, for inviting me to stay with them and for their hospitality in general. Finally, I want to thank my amazing parents Helen and George Anastasakis and my brother Nick for their endless love and support. This dissertation is a token of my appreciation for all their sacrifices and abiding faith in me. iv Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents Helen and George Anastasakis. v Abstract This dissertation examines the response of the Church of Greece to enemy occupation during the Second World War. Historically, in periods of crisis, especially during Ottoman rule (1453–1821) and the Greek War of Independence (1821–1830), the Greek people looked to the church to help them preserve faith and culture. In some cases, church policy played an important role in the very physical survival of the Greek nation. In the period under consideration, the leadership of Archbishop Damaskinos helped the Greek church rise to the occasion once more. Education, training, ability, perseverance, and political acumen made Damaskinos the ideal prelate to lead the nation. In essence he became an ethnarch, a phenomenon with which Greek society was thoroughly familiar. Drawing upon contemporary official sources from the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the British Foreign Office, the US State Department, and the Archive of the Greek Holy Synod, as well as pertinent published primary and secondary literature, the dissertation explores attempts by the church leadership to maintain a precarious balance between capitalizing on opportunistic moments to gain concessions from the enemy occupiers and opposing the latter’s policies deemed detrimental to the wellbeing of state and society. For example, Damaskinos and his colleagues used skillful diplomacy with the Axis and Greek political power groups ranging from the extreme left to the extreme right to wrench important concessions for the benefit of the beleaguered population ravaged by a nationwide famine. Church leadership also utilized more imaginative forms of passive or active resistance against Axis policies on vital issues such as the Holocaust and ethnic policies in the Bulgarian-occupied territories of the country. Despite significant differences between the Greek case and those of other territories in Axis- vi occupied Europe, the response of Damaskinos and his colleagues is instructive in helping us understand how and why traditional institutions such as the church provide indispensible service, guidance, and protection in moments of social upheaval and distress. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i-iv Introduction 1-15 Chapter I: Historical Background: Church-State Relations from the Ottoman Period to the Eve of World War II (1453–1939) 16-64
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Verification of Vulnerable Zones Identified Under the Nitrate Directive \ and Sensitive Areas Identified Under the Urban Waste W
    CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) 1 1.2 THE NITRATES DIRECTIVE (91/676/EEC) 3 1.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4 2 THE OFFICIAL GREEK DESIGNATION PROCESS 9 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN GREECE 9 2.2 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF SENSITIVE AREAS 10 2.3 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF VULNERABLE ZONES 14 1 INTRODUCTION This report is a review of the areas designated as Sensitive Areas in conformity with the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and Vulnerable Zones in conformity with the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC in Greece. The review also includes suggestions for further areas that should be designated within the scope of these two Directives. Although the two Directives have different objectives, the areas designated as sensitive or vulnerable are reviewed simultaneously because of the similarities in the designation process. The investigations will focus upon: • Checking that those waters that should be identified according to either Directive have been; • in the case of the Nitrates Directive, assessing whether vulnerable zones have been designated correctly and comprehensively. The identification of vulnerable zones and sensitive areas in relation to the Nitrates Directive and Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive is carried out according to both common and specific criteria, as these are specified in the two Directives. 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) The Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater as well as biodegradable wastewater from certain industrial sectors. The designation of sensitive areas is required by the Directive since, depending on the sensitivity of the receptor, treatment of a different level is necessary prior to discharge.
    [Show full text]
  • M7t'j¡.T7tór.ITL-Taav, 01Tou -~Sptut -To L:Tpa't
    - 'O &p z La-rp«-n¡y r)~ ' A. ll amiyo~ d~ M7t'J¡.t7tÓ r.IT L-taav, 01tou -~ Sptu t -to l:Tpa't;"l)­ ye:¡ov rij~ '0¡;.6. o<; ¡;.tpapzLwv 1< . ~ 1-: ::: 1 \ :' Avno:tpo7tO pLxov 7tup o ~6 ).ov f. v Spáae: L. 4 'O :cfwOu ::- ou?yl~ 'A. J ( ,.p~?;~ 11ni -r,,ij 1<. l{!'lñ:li (lmoOt.v r.i ptanptX) Jl.a.! -rtoií ft: tt~pylou A. llM:ztoo (tia--<.rn(JÜt;, 3t~l&.). 5 l. Soldados griegos de permiso tras la for freedom. lnstitute 0( the Greek 3. El generalísimo Alex. Papagos en Papaconstantinou, The Battle of Greece campaña de Albania dan una cálida bien· Parliamen~Atenas , 2005. Bobostitsa, Cuartel General del grupo divi· 1940-1 94 1, Keramikos, Atenas, 1966. venida a los australianos en Atenas. 2. El Comandante General R. Scobi y el sional K. Th. Papaconstantinou, The Battle 5. El primer ministro A. Korizis con marzo 1941. Del libro 60 years alter the secretario general del EAM D. Partsalides of Greece 1940-1941 , Keramikos, K. Kotzias (detrás a la izquierda) y George end of World War 11: Greeks and (segundo por la izquierda). (Cortesía del Atenas, 1966. A. Vlahos (sin sombrero, derecha). Th. Australians in the common struggle IWM). 4. El rey jorge 11 desayunando sobre un Papaconstantinou, The Battle of Greece peñasco en Kleisoura, Th. 1940-1941 , Keramikos, Atenas, /966. POÚTICAS DE LA IMAGEN FOTOGRÁFICA ~ Fotografía y política: Grecia 1940-1944 Procopis Papastratis es catédrático de Historia de la Procopis Papastratis Panteion University de Atenas. Es autor de British policy towards Greece during the Second World War 1941-1944 (Cambridge University Press, /984; 2' edición, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Not Even Karamanlis Immune
    The National Herald a b www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 9, ISSUE 435 A WEEKLY GREEK AMERICAN PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 11, 2006 $1.00 - GREECE: 1.75 Euro Bishop and Phones Tapped in Priest on Greece - Not Even The Verge Karamanlis Immune Of Coming By Evan C. Lambrou leadership of the Defense Ministry Special to The National Herald and the whole leadership of the Public Order Ministry, some For- To Blows NEW YORK - Mobile phones eign Ministry phones, one former belonging to top Greek military minister - now in opposition - and By Theodore Kalmoukos and government officials - to in- others," Roussopoulos said during Special to The National Herald clude that of Prime Minister a news conference last Thursday, Costas Karamanlis and his wife, February 2. BOSTON - The Chancellor of Natasha - and the United States Most of Greece's top military the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Embassy in Athens were tapped and police officers were also tar- of America, reportedly initiated a for nearly a year beginning in the geted, as were foreign ministry of- verbal and physical “attack” Summer of 2004, just weeks before ficials, Greek European Union En- against an archimandrite during the 2004 Olympic Games in vironment Commissioner Stavros the Clergy-Laity Assembly of the Athens, the Greek Government Dimas, a former minister and a Archdiocesan District in New said last week. phone number at the U.S. Em- York, which was convened at Holy Illegal software installed at bassy. Also tapped were some jour- Trinity Church in New Rochelle, Greece's second largest mobile nalists and human rights activists. New York this past Monday, Fe- phone operator, Vodafone The phone tapping started "be- bruary 6, the feast day of Saint Greece, a subsidiary of the British fore the 2004 Olympic Games and Photios the Great.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Cross-Border Cooperation in The
    The European cross-border cooperation in the Balkan countries: Marking space and the multi-scalar production of locality Cyril Blondel, Guillaume Javourez, Meri Stojanova To cite this version: Cyril Blondel, Guillaume Javourez, Meri Stojanova. The European cross-border cooperation in the Balkan countries: Marking space and the multi-scalar production of locality. UET. Pratiques sociales et reconfigurations locales dans les Balkans, 2014. halshs-02560470 HAL Id: halshs-02560470 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02560470 Submitted on 13 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The European cross-border cooperation in the Balkan countries: Marking space and the multi-scalar production of locality Cyril Blondel (UMR CITERES, CNRS 7324- Université de Tours) Guillaume Javourez (Université de Provence-UMR TELEMME) Meri Stojanova (NI Institute and Museum, Bitola) 97 Considering borders as the limit of the States’ sovereignty and territorial competency is not enough. During the past thirty years, more and more authors have shown the necessity to take into account the complexity of the processes related to the border issue and have called for a postmodern perspective1. This theoretical approach will constitute our basis for observing border reconfigurations in the Balkans.
    [Show full text]
  • Rb Classic Acropolis Legends 2020
    Page 1 of 43 1st DAY DATE Km LEG PAGE ACROPOLIS - ISTHMOS 13/06/20 151,96 1 1 ΚΜ ΜILES DIRECTION INFORMATIONS TOTAL PARTIAL TOTAL PARTIAL START ACROPOLIS 0,00 0,00 START ΕΚΚΙΝΗΣΗ ΑΚΡΟΠΟΛΗ 0,00 0,00 1 * ΟΔΟΣ ΓΑΡΙΒΑΛΔΗ στο 1,24 χλμ αγνοείστε την *GARIBALDI πινακίδα " ΑΔΙΕΞΟΔΟ " 0,05 0,05 0,03 0,03 at 1,24km ignore sign "DEAD END" 2 ΠΕΤΡΑΛΩΝΑ ΟΔ . ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ 2,04 1,99 1,27 1,24 3 ΓΡΑΜΜΕΣ ΤΡΑΙΝΟΥ RAILWAY TRACKS 2,42 0,38 1,50 0,24 4 ΟΔΟΣ ΠΕΙΡΑΙΩΣ 2,77 0,35 1,72 0,22 5 PIREOS STR. 3,43 Οδός Π.Ράλλη Νίκαια 3,38 0,61 Nikea 2,10 0,38 6 ΕΙΣΟΔΟΣ Λ.ΚΗΦΙΣΟΥ /HIGHWAY ENTRY ΛΑΜΙΑ LAMIA 6,15 2,77 ΚΟΡΙΝΘΟΣ 3,82 1,72 KORITHOS 7 6,00 ΚΑΤΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ΠΡΟΣ ΚΟΡΙΝΘΟ 6,66 0,51 DIRECTION TOWARDS KORINTHOS 4,14 0,32 8 Page 2 of 43 1st DAY DATE Km LEG PAGE ACROPOLIS - ISTHMOS 13/06/20 151,96 1 2 ΚΜ ΜILES DIRECTION INFORMATIONS TOTAL PARTIAL TOTAL PARTIAL ΟΔΗΓΕΙΤΕ ΠΡΟΣ ΚΟΡΙΝΘΟ ΚΟΡΙΝΘΟΣ 8,15 1,49 KORINTHOS 5,07 0,93 9 DRIVE TOWARDS KORINTH ΟS 8,81 0,66 5,48 0,41 10 ΣΤΑΘΜΟΣ ΔΙΟΔΙΩΝ / TOLL STATION SIGN 2 SIGN 1 Νέα Πέραμος Νέα Πέραμος Λουτράκι χωρίς διόδια Λουτρόπυργος Nea Peramos 30,66 21,85 30,55 χωρίς διόδια toll free 19,06 13,58 30,43 11 30,55 30,43 Κόρινθος Korinthos 31,04 0,38 Αθήνα 19,29 0,24 Athina 12 TRIPMETER CALIBRATION Κόρινθος 31,12 0,08 Korinthos 13 31,16 0,04 TRIPMETER CALIBRATION START 31,16 14 ΛΟΥΤΡΟΠΥΡΓΟΣ LOUTROPIRGOS 34,33 3,17 TRIPMETER CALIBRATION END 34,33 15 EKO 40,76 6,43 16 Page 3 of 43 1st DAY DATE Km LEG PAGE ACROPOLIS - ISTHMOS 13/06/20 151,96 1 3 ΚΜ ΜILES DIRECTION INFORMATIONS TOTAL PARTIAL TOTAL PARTIAL TOYO TIRES ΒΟΥΛΚΑΝΙΖΑΤΕΡ 40,91 0,15 ΦΟΡΤΗΓΑ
    [Show full text]
  • The Greek Enlightenment and the Changing Cultural Status of Women
    SOPHIA DENISSI The Greek Enlightenment and the Changing Cultural Status of Women In 1856 Andreas Laskaratos, one of the most liberal authors of his time, writes: There is no doubt that we took a giant step in allowing our women learning. This step reveals that a revolution took place in the spirit; a revolution which has taken our minds away from the road of backwardness and has led them to the road of progress. Though this transmission has not received any attention yet, it constitutes one of these events that will leave its trace in the history of the human spirit.1 Laskaratos is quite correct in talking about a revolution since the decision to accept women's education at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries was indeed a revolutionary act if we consider the state of Greek women who had been living in absolute ignorance and seclusion that prevailed throughout the years of the Ottoman occupation. What caused this revolution? What made Greek men, or rather a progressive minority at first, still subjects of the Ottoman Empire concede the right to education and even to a public voice for women? The answer will be revealed to us by taking a close look at the first educated Greek women who managed to break the traditional silence imposed upon their sex by patriarchal culture and make their presence felt in the male world. We can distinguish two main groups among the first educated Greek women; those coming from the aristocratic circle of the Phanariots and those coming from the circle of progressive men of letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece
    water Review Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece V. A. Tzanakakis 1,2,*, A. N. Angelakis 3,4 , N. V. Paranychianakis 5, Y. G. Dialynas 6 and G. Tchobanoglous 7 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Soil and Water Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece 3 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece 4 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 5 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; [email protected] 6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 16 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand.
    [Show full text]
  • General Papagos and the Anglo-Greek Talks of February 1941 by JOHN S
    General Papagos and the Anglo-Greek Talks of February 1941 by JOHN S. KOLIOPOULOS The Anglo-Greek talks of February 1941 are one of the most con- troversial issues in the historiography of World War II. The talks were held in Athens to discuss Britain's decision earlier in that month to help Greece against a possible German attack, and to agree on a line of defense which could be reasonably expected to check the enemy ad- vance. In addition to the strength of the forces required to hold the enemy and the allocation of these forces, the representatives of the two 'countries were obliged to take into account two important factors: (a) the attitude of Yugoslavia; and (b) the time factor. In accordance with the agreement reached late on February 22, the British would send to Greece, in addition to their air force units already operating in the country, five squadrons of aircraft and land forces equal to four divisions. The British troops would arrive in three installments, and would be deployed on a line to the west of Salonika, running from northwest to southeast along Mt. Vermion and Mt. Olympus, the "Aliakmon line," as it was called. The Greeks, on the other hand, would provide four additional divisions (thirty-five battalions) from Thrace and eastern Macedonia for the defense of the Aliakmon line, and one division in reserve at Larissa. By the same agreement, Anthony Eden, the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, undertook to approach Yugoslavia in order to enlist its military cooperation with Britain and Greece.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis
    DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Karagiozis – Schattenspiel und Politik: Der griechische Karagiozisspieler Sotiris Spatharis“ verfasst von / submitted by Mag. Fatma Peri Efe angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. Phil.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 092 383 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ. Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou DANKSAGUNG Die Vorbereitungen für diese Arbeit, zu denen auch einige Publikationen zum Thema gehörten, erstreckten sich über eine lange Periode, die Niederschrift meiner Dissertation hingegen erfolgte binnen eines Jahres und fiel, wie ich leider sagen muss, in eine schwere Zeit. Die Probleme in meinem Land machten es mir mitunter schwer, mich auf meine Arbeit zu konzentrieren und ließen des Öfteren Zweifel an der Sinnhaftigkeit dieses Unterfangens aufkommen. Dass ich die Arbeit schließlich doch zu Ende führen konnte, liegt daran, dass es Menschen gab, die mir außerordentlich viel Unterstützung, Hilfe und Zuspruch zuteil werden ließen. Ihnen möchte ich an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichen Dank aussprechen. An erster Stelle seien meine Betreuerin Univ. Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou und meine Begutachterin Ao. Prof. Dr. Claudia Römer genannt. Prof. Stassinopoulou, die mir mit viel Geduld und Verständnis zur Seite stand, danke ich für ihre wertvollen Kommentare und Gedanken und ihr Interesse an dem Thema meiner Arbeit. Bei Prof. Römer bedanke ich mich dafür, dass sie mich den gesamten Entstehungsprozess hindurch sowohl persönlich als auch wissenschaftlich, durch ihre Ermutigung und ihre Hilfsbereitschaft, immer unterstützt hat.
    [Show full text]
  • In Search of Fundamentals to Resist Ethnic Calamities and Maintain National Integrity
    Scholarship Report – L. Picha Meiji Jingu & Shiseikan In Search of fundamentals to resist ethnic calamities and maintain national integrity Lefkothea Picha June-July 2013 1 Scholarship Report Meiji Jingu (明治神宮) & Shiseikan (至誠館) Contents Acknowledgements and impressions …………………………………… Page 3 a. Cultural trip at Izumo Taishia and Matsue city Introduction: Japan’s latest Tsunami versus Greek financial crisis reflecting national ethos…………………............................................................................ 6 Part 1 The Historic Horizon in Greece................................................... 7 a. Classical Period b. Persian wars c. Alexander’s the Great Empire d. Roman and Medieval Greece e. The Byzantine Period f. The Ottoman domination g. Commentary on the Byzantine epoch and Ottoman occupation h. World War II i. Greece after World War II j. Restoration of Democracy and Greek Politics in the era of Financial crisis Part 2 The liturgical and spiritual Greek ethos …………………………. 10 a. Greek mythology, the ancient Greek philosophy and Shinto b. Orthodox theology, Christian ethics and Shinto c. Purification process – Katharmos in ancient Greece, Christian Baptism and Misogi Part 3 Greek warriors’ ethos and Reflections on Bushido ..................... 14 a. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) b. Ancient Greek warriors armor c. Comparison of Spartan soldiers and Samurai d. The motto “freedom or death and the Greek anthem e. Monument of the unknown soldier and Yasukunii shrine f. Women warriors and their supportive role against invaders g. Reflections on Bushido and its importance in the modern era h. Personal training in Budo and relation with Shiseikan Part 4 Personal view on Greek nation’s metamorphosis………………… 20 a. From the illustrious ancestors to the cultural decay. Is catastrophy a chance to revive Greek nation? Lefkothea Picha 2 Scholarship Report Meiji Jingu (明治神宮) & Shiseikan (至誠館) Acknowledgments and impressions I would like to thank Araya Kancho for the scholarship received.
    [Show full text]
  • 200Th Anniversary of the Greek War of Independence 1821-2021 18 1821-2021
    Special Edition: 200th Anniversary of the Greek War of Independence 1821-2021 18 1821-2021 A publication of the Dean C. and Zoë S. Pappas Interdisciplinary March 2021 VOLUME 1 ISSUE NO. 3 Center for Hellenic Studies and the Friends of Hellenic Studies From the Director Dear Friends, On March 25, 1821, in the city of Kalamata in the southern Peloponnesos, the chieftains from the region of Mani convened the Messinian Senate of Kalamata to issue a revolutionary proclamation for “Liberty.” The commander Petrobey Mavromichalis then wrote the following appeal to the Americans: “Citizens of the United States of America!…Having formed the resolution to live or die for freedom, we are drawn toward you by a just sympathy; since it is in your land that Liberty has fixed her abode, and by you that she is prized as by our fathers.” He added, “It is for you, citizens of America, to crown this glory, in aiding us to purge Greece from the barbarians, who for four hundred years have polluted the soil.” The Greek revolutionaries understood themselves as part of a universal struggle for freedom. It is this universal struggle for freedom that the Pappas Center for Hellenic Studies and Stockton University raises up and celebrates on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the beginning of the Greek Revolution in 1821. The Pappas Center IN THIS ISSUE for Hellenic Studies and the Friends of Hellenic Studies have prepared this Special Edition of the Hellenic Voice for you to enjoy. In this Special Edition, we feature the Pappas Center exhibition, The Greek Pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaminis' Lightning Quick NY City Trip Greece Feels the Heat, Moves
    S O C V th ΓΡΑΦΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ W ΤΟΥ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ E 10 0 ΑΠΟ ΤΟ 1915 The National Herald anniversa ry N www.thenationalherald.com A wEEKLy GREEK-AMERIcAN PUBLIcATION 1915-2015 VOL. 18, ISSUE 916 May 2-8 , 2015 c v $1.50 Kaminis’ Greece Feels t1he Heat, Lightning Moves toward Reforms Quick NY To Unblock Loan Flow City Trip ATHENS – Hopes for a deal on Tsipras said in a television in - Greece’s bailout rose after Prime terview that he expected a deal Minister Alexis Tsipras said he would be reached by May 9, in Mayor of Athens expected an agreement could be time for the next Eurozone reached within two weeks and meeting. Spoke on Gov’t the European Union reported a Greece has to repay the In - pick-up in the negotiations. ternational Monetary Fund a to - At Columbia Univ. Greek stocks rose and its sov - tal of almost 1 billion euros by ereign borrowing rates dropped, May 12. It is expected to have TNH Staff a sign that international in - enough money to make that, if vestors are less worried about it manages to raise as much as NEW YORK – Even during a cri - the country defaulting on its it hopes from a move to grab sis, Greece – and even some of its debts in coming weeks. cash reserves from local entities politicians – can rise to the occa - The European Union said like hospitals and schools. sion and present the world with that Greece’s talks with its cred - But it faces bigger repay - examples of good governance.
    [Show full text]