Vexilloid Tabloid

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Vexilloid Tabloid Portland Flag Association 1 ISSN 2474-1787 Portland Flag Association “Free, and Worth Every Penny!” Issue 67 December 2017 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: A Theory of City SOB Flags A Theory of City SOB Flags 1 By Ted Kaye known as “The City of Roses” for 2 more than a century. The “city” November 2017 Flutterings We’re tracking over 100 city flag Roundup 5 represented by that motto is the re-design efforts on the PFA web- The Flag Fusions of Pedro Lasch 6 entire city, not just its government. site, and I’ve been involved in New Flag for Burlington, Vermont 8 However, in the past few years, city many of them personally (see p. 8). The Thirteen-Star American Flag 9 government vehicles have changed Oregon Flag Registry Update 9 When describing these in presenta- to sport a new motto: “Portland— Travels with Flags 10 tions at the recent ICV in London the City that Works”. Now, that’s The Flag Quiz 11 and the NAVA meeting in Boston, not a commentary on the industri- 12 Portland Flag Miscellany I’ve received insights from fellow ousness of Portlanders. It’s a pro- Next Meeting 12 vexillologists. motion of the dedication of city government employees. www.portlandflag.org For me, the most interesting insight involves a confusion about Cities that believe the flag repre- just what a city flag represents. sents the city government may be more likely to adopt an SOB—a It appears that in many cases, a “seal on a bedsheet”, using the city city’s leaders confuse a) represent- government’s symbol, the seal, ra- ing the city government with a ther than a simpler and more com- flag and b) representing the city as pelling design. Thoughts, readers? a whole with a flag. That is, does the flag represent the city’s govern- We meet the second Thursday of ment—mayor, council, bureaus, odd-numbered months. Please employees, OR does it represent mark your 2018 calendars for PFA the entire city—all of its residents, meetings at 7:00 PM at the following its institutions, its territory? This dates/locations: is similar to a country’s distinction 1/11/18 John Schilke between a state flag and a civil flag. 3/8/18 Patrick Genna This confusion may help explain 5/10/18 Jessie Spillers the predominance of city seals— 7/12/18 Ted Kaye the ultimate symbol of the city 9/13/18 Joyce & William Gifford government—on city flags. 11/8/18 Dave Anchel SEAL ON A BEDSHEET Thank you to our generous hosts A term, intended to be derogatory, Here’s another example of that describing any such flag that bears a confusion. Portland has been for their hospitality to the PFA! seal (as opposed to another form of charge) upon a plain field. If you wish to compliment the editor, or to contribute in the future, contact Ted Kaye —FOTW’s Dictionary of Vexillology at 503-223-4660 or [email protected]. If you wish to complain, call your mother. 2 The Vexilloid Tabloid November 2017 Flutterings You Need to Know In our November meeting, hosted by David Ferriday, 15 PFA mem- bers enjoyed an eclectic 3+hour evening of flags. In the usual role of the host, David moderated the discussion. He began by discussing his flag designs, pointing out many adorn- ing his studio walls , then described his “trooping” of primary and complementary colors on a flag. Mike Hale gave a book review of A Flag Worth Dying For, out in July. David Ferriday shows a design demonstrating primary and complementary colors. Max Liberman continued his supporting the police. The flag exploration of flags for the queen merchants added their perspectives of Canada, including the use of on sales of the variants. maple leaves and crown—as well as in orders and insignia. Dave Anchel shared the flag from his stepson’s bar mitzvah, a flag Fred Paltridge led an extensive dis- used in Mexico celebrating Colum- cussion of the “thin blue line flag”, bus Day, and a marking for bike spurring inquiry about its origin lanes using the Portland flag. and variants, and its co-opting by groups with agendas beyond Mike Hale gives an enthusiastic review of A Flag Worth Dying For. The entryway to David Ferriday’s Max Liberman shows a proposal for a Fred Paltridge explores the support- studio welcomes PFA members. flag for the queen of Canada. the-police Thin Blue Line Flag. December 2017 Portland Flag Association 3 Patrick Genna waxes enthusiastic over the flag of Eritrea, Dave Anchel explains a bike lane with and explains its origin in the EPLF flag. the Portland flag. (See p. 12) He told the story of globe-circum- navigating Saudis on Harleys buying $200 of flag merchandise during the August solar eclipse. Ted Kaye brought his usual file of clippings and many flags and relat- ed items to give away. He then displayed his collection of flags representing schools and universi- Ted Kaye displays the flag of the ties, including the U.S. Naval USNA Brigade of Midshipman, which Academy (Annapolis) and the U.S. he had acquired in honor of his father, Military Academy (West Point). USNA ’53. John Niggley followed with his Scott Mainwaring shares Whitney experience at National Capital Flag Smith’s 1978 proposal for an Antarctica flag in International Orange. providing West Point with a flag for the Corps of Cadets. updating the bylaws to allow universal voting (he represented Patrick Genna distributed a the PFA), and showed some of the handout on the flag Eritrea— flags he sold there under the trade the “three triangles flag”, and dis- name VexiCool Flags, including cussed its predecessor (the EPLF) Whitney Smith’s 1978 proposed and its unusually-oriented star. flag for Antarctica. He’s also now Scott Mainwaring reported on tracking over 100 U.S. city flag NAVA 51 in Boston and the re- change efforts on our “Municipal sults of the annual business meet- John Niggley finds the flag of the Flag Improvement” web page. ing votes electing a new board and USMA Corps of Cadets. Continued on next page 4 The Vexilloid Tabloid Joyce Gifford brings up the finalists in the Burlington, Vermont, flag effort. In honor of Veterans Day (formerly Armistice Day), Michael Orelove and Kathleen Forrest unfurl her Poppy Flag, a reference to the 1915 poem In Flanders Fields. displayed a U.S. flag certified as David Koski showed a graphic having flown over the USS Arizona depicting all of the aspect ratios (for WW2) and showed a Poppy used by the 243 countries and Flag (for WW1). dependencies listed in Wikipedia. It includes a symbol he’d devel- Ken Dale also commemorated the oped to represent the concept upcoming Veterans Day, with a William Gifford gives away 4”x6” flags of the aspect ratio: a cross with as part of a guessing game. recitation of the Gettysburg Ad- arrow-point ends. dress and his reminiscences as an officer commanding a Titan II Our next meeting will be at the Joyce Gifford followed Ted Kaye’s missile launch group in the 1960s home of John Schilke on 11 January. report on Burlington, Vermont at the height of the Cold War. Ken took the Portland Flag Associa- (see p. 8), showing the seven final- tion flag home for him, the custom- ists and eliciting comments. ary task of the next host. William Gifford gave away 4”x6” flags, asking each person to take one unseen from a box, then iden- tify it. The group’s consensus was correct every time, even if some individuals faltered. He described Oregon City’s new ban on “feather flags”, learning that Mike Hale had invented them when running Elmer’s Flag & Banner. In honor of Veterans Day, Michael Orelove (in camouflage uniform and medals) and Kathleen Forrest Ken Dale recites the Gettysburg David Koski explains his graphic Address and recalls the Cold War. depicting flag aspect ratios. December 2017 Portland Flag Association 5 Roundup Monongalia County, West Virginia, flag, designed by Andrew Riley and A flag for Vegetarians, an initial idea adopted 11 October 2017. by John Niggley. A high school student recently won Inspired by the recent Vegan flag a contest to design a new flag for (described in VT# 66), John Monongalia County, West Virginia. Niggley presents his initial thoughts on a Vegetarian flag: Reader Erik Herron reports that the winning design is exactly what the “Similar but more complicated contest rules were designed to pro- or more options than Veganism. duce. They recapitulated the princi- Yellow to include eggs and cheese ples in Good Flag, Bad Flag, but or the sun—or for no reason. changed “No Lettering or Seals” to: Veteran Ken Dale recites the Gettysburg Address at a 2017 Veterans Initially I put the green on the “The county seal must be used in Day breakfast. He stands before bottom, but chose to match Port- some form on the flag”, and a 48-star flag to honor veterans of land more closely since we have so “The year the county was formed, World War II. many vegetarians.” 1776, must be on the flag”. Sherlock and Flags Michael Orelove notes that in the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle story The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor Sher- lock Holmes says “It is always a joy to meet an American, Mr. Moulton, for I am one of those who believe that the folly of a monarch and the blundering of a minister in far-gone years will not prevent our children from being someday citizens of the same world-wide country under a flag which shall be a quartering of the The Italian Vexiday celebration for 2017, held in Genoa at Union Jack with the Stars and the Museo Navale dPegli-Genova—image sent by Bandiere Storiche.
Recommended publications
  • Flags and Banners
    Flags and Banners A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Flag 1 1.1 History ................................................. 2 1.2 National flags ............................................. 4 1.2.1 Civil flags ........................................... 8 1.2.2 War flags ........................................... 8 1.2.3 International flags ....................................... 8 1.3 At sea ................................................. 8 1.4 Shapes and designs .......................................... 9 1.4.1 Vertical flags ......................................... 12 1.5 Religious flags ............................................. 13 1.6 Linguistic flags ............................................. 13 1.7 In sports ................................................ 16 1.8 Diplomatic flags ............................................ 18 1.9 In politics ............................................... 18 1.10 Vehicle flags .............................................. 18 1.11 Swimming flags ............................................ 19 1.12 Railway flags .............................................. 20 1.13 Flagpoles ............................................... 21 1.13.1 Record heights ........................................ 21 1.13.2 Design ............................................. 21 1.14 Hoisting the flag ............................................ 21 1.15 Flags and communication ....................................... 21 1.16 Flapping ................................................ 23 1.17 See also ...............................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Vexilloid Tabloid #12, January 2007
    Portland Flag Association Publication 1 Portland Flag Association “Free, and Worth Every Penny!” Issue 12 January 2007 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: DESIGNING FLAGS FOR FUN AND EXERCISE By Doug Lynch & John Hood Designing Flags For Fun & Exer- 1 ored paper, or whatever catches his Most of you know Doug Lynch, the eye. “Making a flag design with cut Confusable Flags 2 designer of the Portland City Flag. paper is consistent with the many January 2007 Flutterings 3 But did you know that just to keep years of making flags of cut and Next Meeting Announcement 4 his fingers limber and, “To keep you sewn cloth. We literate word people Flags in the News 4 amused,” he designs flags for any tend to gather and register our think- The Most Dangerous Flag 6 occasion. Having taken up the pen ing on flat, white paper; however, a Flag Related Websites 6 and brush in high school, Doug has limp, draped, furled piece of colored spent eighty years as a commercial cloth is our actual perception and The Flag Quiz 7 artist, graphic designer, teacher, art experience of a real flag,” he says. director and preservationist. Is it any As for what will become of Doug‟s wonder then that he should provide “finger exercises”, he says that if Portland with, what was considered some small town in Kansas wants in the NAVA survey, as the seventh one, he‟ll be delighted! Following are best city flag in the United States? a few of his creations. Most are ex- This, in turn, earned him the Vexil- actly as he drew them, but some have lonnaire Award in Montreal in 2003.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for Display of Flags
    Guidelines for Display of Flags This document was developed to offer Organizing Committees of curling competitions and events guidelines for proper display of flags of our Member Associations. Document version and last update: v.3.0, December 2013 General information Some may believe that the matter of displaying flags is simple and well-known. However, as soon as we are talking about the vertical display of flags, exceptions and special rules appear, while information sources are scarce, making the issue complicated. Furthermore, there are countries who use different layouts of their flag for different occasions and uses. The process The present document was developed starting from the horizontal versions of each flag, identifying the appropriate version to be used for sport events (usually, the Civil Flag), then trying to identify rules and exceptions for vertical display. In case no such special rule was present, the generic rule was applied that says: “A flag should be displayed vertically by maintaining its Honor Point (usually, the top-left corner) in the same position (still at the top-left). This means that most flags rotate 90 degrees and are then turned over. The color at the left will become the color at the top” (Graham Bartram – Flags of the World) Exceptions are highlighted under each country. As a general impression, hoisting flags vertically is an area lacking standardization, with history showing many variants for the display for some of the countries. There are IOC guidelines, edition London 2012, using simple rotation as generic rule (no flipping over). For cases where no standardization was found, IOC guidelines are used.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Aukute 2005
    The “Mission House” CICC Head Office, Takamoa, Rarotonga ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- TO roto i teia nutileta/in this issue: CICC flag CICC Youth Convention i Atiu Girl Guide news Nuti mei roto mai i te BCU Ivirua BB & GB outing CICC Women’s conference Akatapuanga ngutuare ou Girls Brigade Tabloid 2014 Plant propagation project for Takamoa Nuti potopoto Akamarokuraanga i Ngatangiia Obituary GG World Thinking Day Te au mea e okoia nei i Takamoa Apii Sabati Nikao The Early Days of the Gospel on Raro Gideon International rep visits Raro Read their Stories Tere o te Matavera CICC ki NZ/Aussie Exposition of the Apostel’s Creed Iriiri kapua na te Pa Enua Tonga Share your photos Sunday School pupils of Avarua and Matavera during their Sunday 18 May 2014 service programme at Avarua. Comments/queries/free electronic copy? [email protected] or [email protected] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Published by the CICC Head Office, P.O. Box 93, Takamoa, Rarotonga, Cook Islands Phone: 26546 Fax: 26540 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.cicc.net.ck 2 1. AKATOMO’ANGA ia orana e te iti tangata tapu no te Atua i te au ngai katoatoa;
    [Show full text]
  • Why Flags Don't Change
    LECTURE Dragons, Traditions, Emperors and Revolutions: An overview of flags and flag changes in Asia By Ralph Kelly At the Buenos Aires ICV, I presented a paper [1] that reviewed the changes in national flags in Latin America since independence, identifying patterns in the historical and current national flags with the aim of trying to understand why national flags change. Today, I will replicate that analysis for Asia. Firstly I need to define the area called “Asia”. “Asia” is as much a cultural concept as geographical area, so somewhat arbitrarily, I have chosen to restrict my vexillological analysis to include only the countries of Eastern and Southern Asia, excluding most Islamic countries of Central Asia as they have more historical and cultural affinity with the Middle East than with Eastern Asia.[2] In Latin America, independence from Spain or Portugal was a convenient starting point for my analysis. However in Asia, the colonial experience was far more diverse and in many ways had less impact on the nations in the region than in Latin America. The major Asian nations can date their foundations to the 12th and 14th Centuries and their cultures even earlier. For example, with a traditional date of Vietnamese independence of 939, the period of French colonialism from 1858 to 1954 can be regarded as merely an interruption to national sovereignty. The latter of 1859, 150 years ago, or the date of the first known flag for a country is a convenient, but arbitrary starting point for my analysis of Asian national flags. As with all non-European countries, information on early flags is far less available and reliable than desired.
    [Show full text]
  • THE DESIGN of the SUN of the ARGENTINE FLAG (HISTORY - LEGISLATION - PROPOSALS) Francisco Gregoric
    Comunicaciones del Congreso Internacional de Vexilología XXI Vexilobaires 2005 THE DESIGN OF THE SUN OF THE ARGENTINE FLAG (HISTORY - LEGISLATION - PROPOSALS) Francisco Gregoric There are basically two theories about the reason and meaning of the use of the sun in the Argentine flag: One explains its pre-Columbian/Inca origins, and the second one relates the sun with Free-Masons. However this essay will study the vexillolographic aspects of the sun rather than its meaning. For a more complete explanation about its possible original meaning, please see the essay The Sun of May presented by Gus Tracchia during the ICV XXI, Vexilobaires 2005, and part of these proceedings. Looking at the different national flags used in Argentina, the vexillologist sees an anomaly with the fundamental differences in the details and design of the sun on different national flags. For example, the shape of the rays of the sun changes from one flag to another as well as with the features of the face of the sun. Several historical flags preserved in the National Museum of History in Buenos Aires, as well as historical flags in other Argentine museums show also very different designs of suns. But what is the cause of this lack of uniformity in present and past day sun designs in Argentine Flags? This problem starts with the original legislation for the Argentine Flag and continues with all the later legislation about the same subject. To start from the beginning, the Congress of Tucumán declared the Independence of Argentina, known then as the Provincias Unidas Del Río de la Plata (United Provinces of the River Plate) on July 9, 1816.
    [Show full text]
  • Convergence and Unification: the National Flag of South Africa (1994) in Historical Perspective
    CONVERGENCE AND UNIFICATION: THE NATIONAL FLAG OF SOUTH AFRICA (1994) IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE by FREDERICK GORDON BROWNELL submitted as partial requirement for the degree DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE (HISTORY) in the Faculty of Humanities University of Pretoria Pretoria Promoter: Prof. K.L. Harris 2015 i Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................... v CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION: FLYING FLAGS ................................................................ 1 1.1 Flag history as a genre ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Defining flags .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Flag characteristics and terminology ......................................................................... 23 1.4 Outline of the chapters ............................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER II- LITERATURE SURVEY: FLAGGING HISTORIES .................................... 31 2.1 Flag plates, flag books and flag histories ................................................................... 31 2.2 Evolution of vexillology and the emergence of flag literature
    [Show full text]
  • Ansoff Elected Nava President
    October — December 2004 Vol. 37 • No. 4 October — December 2004 Issue #184 ANSOFF ELECTED NAVA PRESIDENT FROM THE PRESIDENT: Dear fellow NAVAites, When I first met Dave Martucci at NAVA 37 in Denver two years ago, it never would have occurred to me that I’d end up succeeding him as president of NAVA. I want to thank Dave for the superb support that he’s given me dur- ing the transition. Dave has been presi- dent for the last six years, and he’s put his heart and soul into the organization. I know that giving up the reins has not been easy for him, but he’s done so with grace and good humor. Thanks to him, what might have been an awkward task The new NAVA Executive Board: from left to right, Devereaux Cannon, has actually been a pleasure. First Vice-President; Rich Monahan, Secretary; Peter Ansoff, President; Dave will continue as NAVA news edi- Ted Kaye, Treasurer; and Kevin Murray, Second Vice-President. tor and as manager of the membership database. I’ve also asked him, in his ca- provide the media and the public. We’re none of these projects will get anywhere pacity as immediate past president, to presenting ourselves to them as the ex- unless members are willing to contrib- serve as a non-voting advisor to the perts, and we need to be sure that we ute their time and effort. I really appre- board. I know that I speak for all the really are, especially on a subject (flags) ciate the support of those who have al- directors in saying that we appreciate his that is important and emotional to many ready volunteered to take on particular support and counsel.
    [Show full text]
  • Fun with Flags
    Contextualised task 39 Fun with Flags Teaching notes This task focuses on the mathematical specification of flags. Students will first consider the flag of Wales, and then of the UK. They will see that there are very particular ways of defining a flag using ratios, and consider how to represent these facts using fractions too. Task 1: From fractions to ratios Outline Students begin to explore the mathematical specifications to the way in which flags are constructed. They investigate the specifications for flags of Nordic countries, moving between fractions to ratios to describe their construction. You will need: Teachers’ script PowerPoint Question sheet Flags of Nordic countries sheet Squared paper Mark scheme Task 2: From ratios to fractions Outline Students now consider the information that was first provided as ratios. They use their understanding developed in the first part of the task to rewrite these statements using fractions. Students are asked to write paragraphs, and they may want to use a process of drafting and redrafting, as they would do in English. You will need: Question sheet Squared paper Mark scheme Task: Teachers’ script for PowerPoint presentation The text in the right-hand boxes provides a possible script to be read to students. However, it is probably preferable to use your own words and elaboration. When questions are asked, time for discussion in pairs / groups should be provided. Ensure that students are given opportunity to explain their reasoning in response to these questions. All students need to understand the concepts in order to make progress with the task. Slide 1 Keep this slide on the screen until you are ready to start Flags the presentation Slide 2 All flags are constructed using precise mathematical information.
    [Show full text]
  • L2/17-089 2017-04-06
    L2/17-089 2017-04-06 Preliminary proposal to encode Vexillology Symbols in Unicode Anshuman Pandey [email protected] April 6, 2017 1 Introduction This is a preliminary proposal to encode symbols used in the field of vexillology for conveying information regarding usage and features of national flags. These symbols are used in printed materials and in digital content. A tentative character set is shown in the attached code chart and names list. The set contains two categories of characters: 64 flag information symbols and 19 flag typology symbols. The flag information symbols have character names beginning with ‘ ’. The glyphs for these symbols were produced from SVG images generated by the fiav_dots.pl Perl application written by Claus Faerber (2006). The flag typology symbols have names beginning with ‘ ’. Glyphs for these characters were designed by António Martins-Tuválkin and Željko Heimer. Research on encoding vexillology symbols is ongoing and a formal proposal is forthcoming. Please submit comments and questions to the proposal author at the above address. 2 Description 2.1 Flag information symbols The flag information symbols were officially adopted by Fédération internationale des associations vexil- lologiques (FIAV).The symbols are described in the “Flag Information Code”, which was adopted on August 27, 1981, and amended on July 5, 1995. Section 5 (“National Flag Use”) of the code states: (a) The following grid is used to describe the use or uses of a flag whose primary function is to identify nationality rather than some
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Aagedal, O. (2002). Nasjonal symbolbruk in Skandinavia [The Use of National Symbols in Scandinavia]. Paper presented at the Racisme og ekstremtoleranse [Racism and extreme tolerance] at Det Norske Diakonhjemmet. Abd Rabbo, A. (Photograph). (2008). Jets Fly Over Paris on Bastille Day 14 July. Paris: Balkis press. Abd Rabbo, A. (Photograph). (2008). Presidential Podium, Place de la Concorde, Bastille Day 14 July Paris: Balkis Press. Adnkronos International (30 November 2009). Italy: Right-wing Minister Wants ‘Cross’ on Flag, from http://www.adnkronos.com/AKI/English/Religion/?id= 3.0.4053943099 Adriansen, I. (2003). National Symboler i Det Danske Rige 1830–2000. Købehavns Universitet: Museum Tusculanums Forlag. Agulhon, M. (1998). Paris: A Traversal from East to West. In Nora (Ed.), Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past (Vol. 3, pp. 522–53). Symbols, NY: Columbia University Press. Alba, R. (2005). Bright vs. Blurred Boundaries: Second-generation Assimilation and Exclusion in France, Germany, and the United States. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(1). Alter, P. (1994). Nationalism (2nd ed.). London: Edward Arnold. Alvarez Junco, J. (2001). Mater Dolorosa: La idea de España en el Siglo XIX.Taurus Ediciones. Amalvi, C. (1996). Bastille Day: From Dies Irae to Holiday. In Nora (Ed.), Realms of Memory: The Construction of the French Past (Vol. 3, pp. 117–62). Symbols, NY: Columbia University Press. Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (2nd rev. ed.). London: Verso. Andreouli, E. and Stockdale, J.E. (2009). Earned Citizenship: Assumptions and Implications. Journal of Immigration Asylum and Nationality Law, 23(2), 164–80.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Influences on the Development of Russian Military Flags
    Foreign Influences on the Development of Russian Military Flags Arthur William Etchells III Abstract As Russia turned its eyes to the West under Peter the Great, foreign influences were felt in many fields, in particular the armed forces. In contrast to naval flags, army flags and particularly infantry flags were changed frequently with each monarch’s reign and showed the influence of both enemies and allies such as Sweden, Saxony, Austria, and—most of all—Prussia. In the reigns of Alexander III and Nicholas II, infantry flags went back to an “old Slavic” religious design. After the Soviet period with its red flags, many military flags have returned to the triumphant forms of the reign of Alexander I but in new colors. This talk is illustrated with many pictures of actual flags in contemporary and modern illustrations from the author’s collection. Peter III Guard flag in Prussian pattern, 1762 Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 204 Foreign Influences on the Development of Russian Military Flags INTRODUCTION Russia’s development as a great European power has been discussed from many points of view: historical, political, cultural, using such influences as language, music, architecture, and the like. In this talk, the medium of military flags will be used to trace the interesting history of the last 350 years in Russia. It has been said that there were three major blocks in Russian history: the Monarchy, the Church, and the Army. Each had its period of control, shifting over the years—sometimes in partnership and sometimes in opposition.
    [Show full text]