(Lamiaceae) from Madagascar

Notes on the Flora of Madagascar, 50

New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar

Martin W. Callmander & Peter B. Phillipson

Abstract

CALLMANDER, M.W. & P.B. PHILLIPSON (2018). New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar. Candollea 73: 131-136. In English, English and French abstracts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2018v731a14 The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) is pantropical and comprises c. 250 species, of which 42 are currently accepted for Mada- gascar, all endemic to the country, but one. A number of the Malagasy species of Vitex have been treated as comprising infraspecific taxa, including Vitex betsiliensis Humbert and Vitex cauliflora Moldenke (two subspecies and three varieties respectively), which are the subject of this note. We have undertaken a thorough review all of the available specimens in the herbaria at G, MO and P to gain a better understanding of the morphological variations of both species, and we conclude that the five intraspecific taxa each represent distinct species. We therefore provide the necessary new combinations: Vitex barorum (Humbert) Callm. & Phillipson and Vitex villossisima (Moldenke) Callm. & Phillipson, and the new name: Vitex humblotiana Callm. & Phillipson. Each of the five species is provided with notes on their morphological affinities and with risk of extinction assessments following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Résumé

CALLMANDER, M.W. & P.B. PHILLIPSON (2018). Nouvelles combinaisons et typifications dans le genre Vitex (Lamiaceae) à Madagascar. Candollea 73: 131-136. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2018v731a14 Le genre pantropical Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) comprend env. 250 espèces, dont 42 sont actuellement reconnues à Madagascar, toutes endémiques sauf une. Certaines de ces espèces comprennent des taxons infraspécifiques, et parmi elles Vitex betsiliensis Humbert et Vitex cauliflora Moldenke (respectivement: deux sous-espèces et trois variétés). Celles-ci font l’objet de la présente note. Nous avons entrepris l’examen détaillé de tous les spécimens disponibles des herbiers G, MO et P pour apprécier la variation morphologique de ces taxons et nous sommes arrivés à la conclusion que chacun des cinq taxons infraspécifiques représente différentes espèces. En conséquence, nous proposons les combinaisons nécessaires: Vitex barorum (Humbert) Callm. & Phillipson et Vitex villossisima (Moldenke) Callm. & Phillipson, ainsi que le nom nouveau: Vitex humblotiana Callm. & Phillipson. Le traitement de chacune des cinq espèces est accompagné de notes sur leur affinités morphologiques ainsi que de l’évaluation de leur risque d’extinction selon les Catégories et Critères de l’UICN.

Keywords

LAMIACEAE – Vitex – Madagascar – Taxonomy – Typification

Addresses of the authors: MWC: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, C.P. 71, 1292 Chambésy, Genève, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] PBP: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, U.S.A. and Département Systématique et Evolution (UMR 7205), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, C.P. 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, cedex 05, France. First published online on June 25, 2018.

ISSN : 0373-2967 – Online ISSN : 2235-3658 – Candollea 73(1) : 131-136 (2018) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2018 132 – New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar Candollea 73, 2018

Introduction Each of the resulting five species is provided with notes The genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) is pantropical and comprises c. on their morphological affinities and with risk of extinction 250 species (Bramley et al., 2009). In Madagascar, the Flora assessments following the IUCN Red List Categories and treatment accepted 40 species (38 endemic and 2 indigenous Criteria (IUCN, 2012). Calculations of extent of occurrence non-endemic) (Moldenke, 1956). Three species were sub- (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) have been conducted sequently described from the island: V. menabeensis Capuron with Geocat (Bachmann & Moat, 2012). Lectotypes are also (Capuron, 1972), V. masoalensis G.E. Schatz (Schatz, 1990: designated for two of the species. Distribution maps for each 207) and V. lowryi Callm. et al. (Callmander et al., 2014). species are available in the Madagascar Catalogue (2018) A new combination has been also established: V. hispidissima (Seem.) Callm. & Phillipson for Colea hispidissima Seem., an Taxonomy and nomenclature earlier name for Vitex congesta Oliv. (Phillipson & Call- mander, 2013) which falls into synonymy , while V. pulchra Vitex barorum (Humbert) Callm. & Phillipson, comb. et stat. Moldenke is considered to be a synonym of V. coursii Mold- nov. enke (see Madagascar Catalogue, 2018). A total of [ Vitex betsiliensis subsp. barorum Humbert in Notul. 42 native species are currently accepted in the genus for Syst. (Paris) 8: 23. 1939. Madagascar, all but one of which is endemic to the country (Madagascar Catalogue, 2018). Lectotypus (designated here): Madagascar. Prov. Fian- With c. 1400 collections of Vitex from Madagascar now arantsoa: vallée d’Ihosy, 850 m, 29.VII.1928, Humbert & available – a 7-fold increase in the specimen-base available Swingle 4908 (P [P00573440]!, isolecto-: B [B100030550] now as compared to that which existed when Moldenke image seen, BR [BR0000005162642] image seen, G published the Flora (see Callmander et al., 2014), a much [G00096014]!, K, MO-2160579!, NY [NY00138422] better understanding of the diversity and distribution of the image seen, P [P00440339, P00440340]!, PRE, TAN, genus in Madagascar can be obtained. In the light of this, WAG [WAG0251822] image seen). Syntypi: Madagas- we have undertaken a much-needed review of the genus for car. Prov. Fianarantsoa: env. d’Ihosy, [22°23’S 46°07’E], Madagascar, identifying previously unidentified and wrongly VI.1933, Perrier de la Bâthie 19267 (P [P04398730, identified material, and reassessing species limits and distribu- P04398731, P00440341, P00573443]!). Prov. Toliara: tions. We have reached the conclusion that several taxa previ- vallée moyenne du Mandrare, près d’Anadabolava, Mont ously recognized at the infra-specific level merit recognition at Vohirotsy, [24°16’S 46°43’E], 850 m, XII.1933, Humbert species level. These include the two subspecies of V. betsiliensis 12649 (G [G00341742]!, P [P00440342]!). Humbert and the three varieties of V. cauliflora Moldenke, (Humbert, 1939; Moldenke, 1951). We therefore propose Notes. – Humbert (1939: 24) considered this taxon to be the necessary two new combinations for: V. betsiliensis subsp. a subspecies of V. betsiliensis, distinct from the typical plant, barorum Humbert and V. cauliflora var. villossisima Moldenke stating: “…. adaptée à un climat plus chaud de moindre alti- and a new name for V. caulifloravar . longifolia Moldenke, since tude [adapted to a hotter climate and lower altitude]”. Vitex the name combination V. longifolia Merr. already exists for a barorum can be easily distinguished from V. betsiliensis by its species from the Philippines. smaller flowers - calyx 5-6 mm long (incl. 1 mm lobe) and These taxa all possess leaves reduced to a single leaflet, corolla c. 10 mm long vs. calyx 8-12 mm incl. a 2 mm lobe rather than possessing multifoliolate leaves as it more common and corolla 12-22 mm long; its white finely canescent indu- in the genus, and were therefore placed in Vitex sect. Simplici- ment on its lower leaf surface between the secondary veins foliae sensu Moldenke (1956). However, V. cauliflora is unique and on the calyx between the nerves, and has a predominately in this group by being cauliflorous, a characteristic found in salmon-pink papillate indument on the lower leaf midrib and numerous multifoliolate species placed in sect. Digitatae sensu secondary veins, petiole, inflorescence and young stem, while Moldenke (1956), e.g. V. lowryi and its relatives (Call- V. betsiliensis has a uniform, very dense, white, lanate indument mander et al., 2014). We note that V. cauliflora var. villos- covering the lower leaf surface, petiole, inflorescence and young sisima was only known to Moldenke from the type collection, stem. Vitex barorum is found on rocky slopes and inselbergs in a specimen completely lacking any leaf material, nevertheless the south and south-east of Madagascar while V. betsiliensis is he correctly placed it in sect. Simplicifoliae, rather than sect. endemic to the marble of Ibity and Itremo massifs. Digitatae due to the similarity of its floral morphology to V. All three available syntype collections are well represen- cauliflora. We have been able to associate six additional col- tative of the species, however we select a sheet of Humbert lections (5 recently collected) that have leaf material with the & Swingle 4908 in Paris as the lectotype, since it has more type, confirming Moldenke’s placement of this taxon in the duplicates distributed to different herbaria. simple-leaved group. Candollea 73, 2018 New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar - 133

Conservation status. – Vitex barorum is known from 12 Notes. – All three syntypes are well representative of the locations of which only one, the newly established Vohidava- species, but Perrier de la Bâthie 18480 is selected as the lecto- Betsimalaho Reserve, is encompassed by the protected area type simply because it has more duplicate specimens distrib- network. Here the species has been collected just once, in 2007 uted in different herbaria. (Randriatsivery 270)”. All of the other collections date back to This species seems to have been cultivated at Anal- the sixties or the seventies and come from fragmented mid- amazaotra on the eastern escarpment of Madagascar by the elevation forest patches on rock outcrops in southern high- staff of the Antananarivo botanical Garden (now Jardin lands, that are now highly threatened by over-grazing, wild Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza) in the 50’s (Herb. fires and over-exploitation. With an EOO of c. 15,000 km2 Jard. Bot. Tananarive 27-2 (145), P [P04398722]). A second and an AOO of 56 km2, V. barorum is therefore assigned collection mentioned on the label that it was brought into cul- a preliminary IUCN conservation status of “Vulnerable” tivation, presumably in Antananarivo, and originally brought [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. back from “Col des Tapias” (Herb. Jard. Bot. Tananarive 4845, P [P04398739]). It is not known if these introductions persist Specimens examined. – Madagascar. Prov. Fianarantsoa: premier étage in cultivation. de la Brioche ou “Fandrana”, PK 545 à 64 km d’Ihosy à Ambalavao, [22°01’S 46°22’E], 1200 m, 17.V.1971, Cremers 1545 (P); Mont Vohipolaka au N de Betroka, versant NW, [23°08’S 46°05’E], XI.1933, Humbert 11632 (G, MO, Conservation status. – Vitex betsiliensis is known from P [2 sheets], TEF); Haute Matsiatra, Ingaro [21°36’S 46°22’E], VI.1969, 22 locations where two are encompassed in the protected area Morat 3321 (MO, P, TAN); La Brioche: rocher entre Ihosy et Ambalavao, network in the Ibity and Itremo massif. All the collections [22°01’45”S 46°22’10”E], 1200 m, VI.1969, Morat 3353 (MO, P); Massif are from the threatened and fragmented central highlands Ingaro, Ambalavao, [21°36’S 46°22’E], 900 m, 12.II.1955, Service Forestier mid-elevation forests. With an EOO of c. 9,165 km2 and an 13743 (P, TEF); Ambandroja, Ambandrozana, [21°59’30”S 46°36’30”E], 900- 2 1360 m, 22.VII.1954, Service Forestier 14490 (G, MO, P, TEF); massif de AOO of 96 km , V. betsiliensis is assigned a preliminary IUCN l’Ifandana, entre Ankaramena et Ihosy, [22°01’00”S 46°22’30”E], 1300-1400 conservation status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2a m, 7.X.1964, Service Forestier 23506 (P, TEF). Prov. Toliara: vallée moy- b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. enne du Mandrare, près d’Anadabolava, Mont Vohirotsy (sommet), [24°38’S 46°26’E], 800 m, XII.1933, Humbert 12648 (P); Amboasary Sud, Mahaly, Specimens examined. – Prov. Antananarivo: Antsirabe, Ibity, Beapombo, Anadabolava, 24°14’36”S 46°17’01”E, 813 m, 27.X.2007, Randriatsivery sur la crête du Mt Kiboy, 20°05’40’’S 46°59’01’’E, 7.II.2003, Andriamiha- 270 (MO, P, TEF); Anadabolava (Moyen Mandrare), [24°12’S 46°19’E], jarivo et al. 115 (MO, P, TAN); Arivonimamo, PK 40, [19°01’S 47°11’E], IX.1953, Service Forestier 8538 (P [2 sheets], TEF); Vohidava, près Anadab- IV.1962, Bosser 15481 (MO, TAN); Andranovelona, Lohavohitra, Ankazobe, olava (Moyen Mandrare), [24°09’S 46°15’E], 700-900 m, 6.II.1963, Service Fihaonana, Andranovelona, 18°38’13’’S 47°17’05’’E, 1462 m, 16.III.2012, Forestier 22598 (MO, P, TEF); Lalanandro, [22°19’S 46°07’E], 6.XI.1967, Rabarijaona 128 (MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 18°38’11’’S 47°17’13’’E, 1593 m, Service Forestier 27873 (G, MO, P, TEF). 6.VI.2012, Rabarijaona 175 (MO, TAN); ibid. loco, 18°38’11’’S 47°17’08’’E, 1527 m, 10,VI.2012, Rabarijaona 222 (MO, TAN); massif Ambohitrambo, Arivonimamo, [18°55’30’’S 47°10’30’’E], 1500 m, V.1957, Service Forestier Vitex betsiliensis Humbert in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8: 22. 1939. 11987 (K, P [2 sheets], TEF). Prov. Fianarantsoa: Marovoalavo, Fiv. Ambat- ofinandrahana, Fir. Itremo, 100 m à l’E du Mt Ambatoandrano, 20°33’36’’S Lectotypus (designated here): Madagascar. Prov. Anta- 46°41’42’’E, 1110-1125 m, 2.II.2001, Andriamihajarivo 15 (MO, TAN, nanarivo: Centre: S du Mt. Ibity, [20°07’S 47°01’E], 1200 TEF); Itremo, Ambatofinandrahana, à l’W d’Ambatoandrano, 20°39’32”S m, III.1928, Perrier de la Bâthie 18480 (P [P00573442]!; 47°06’39”E, 1445 m, 9.XI.2001, Andriamihajarivo 57 (TAN, TEF); Ivato, PK 10, rte Ivato-Ambatofinandrahana, [20°37’S 46°12’E], IX.1956, Bosser isolecto-: G [G00096013]!, K, MO, P [P00573441]!, 9798 (TAN); PK 12, entre Ivato et Ambatofinandrahana, [20°37’S 46°12’E], TEF). Syntypi: Madagascar. Prov. Fianarantsoa: env. IX.1956, Bosser 9827 (P [2 sheets], TAN); Faliarivo (Ambositra), [20°39’S d’Ambatofinandrahana, [20°33’S 46°48’E], 1600-1800 m, 47°07’E], 27.V.1939, Decary 14020 (P); env. d’Ambatofinandrahana, 10 km 18.II.1938, Decary 13057 (P [P04398732]!); env. d’Antsirabe, rte de Fenoarivo, [20°52’S 46°52’E], IV.1958, Descoings 3245 (MO, TAN); col des Tapia (Haute Sahatsio), [20°15’S 47°09’E], c. 1600 m, Itremo, Ambatofinandrahana, Ianasana, 20°34’40”S 46°35’11”E, 1558 m, 25.VI. 2005, Hong-Wa 364 (MO, P, TAN); env. d’Ambatofinandrahaha 24.XII.1928, Humbert 7116 (P [P00573438, P00573439]!); (Betsileo), [20°37’S 47°12’E], 1400-1500 m, 16.I.1955, Humbert & Capuron env. d’Ambositra à Faliarivo, [20°39’S 47°07’E], c. 1600 m, 28107 (P); montagnes à l’W d’Itremo, 1500-1700 m, 17-22.I.1955 & 18-22. III.1934, Humbert 14519 (G [G00341333]!, K [K000192810] IV.1955, Humbert 29953 (MO, P [3 sheets]); Ambohimanjaka, c. 205 km image seen, P [P00730633]!); env. d’Ambatofinandrano, along the road from Antananarivo to Ambositra, 20°11’06”S 47°05’24”E, 1380 [20°33’S 46°48’E], 1400 m, VI.1913, Perrier de la Bâthie m, 16.V.1993, Jongkind & Rapanarivo 931 (MO, P, TAN); Ambatofitora- hana, Ambatofitoharana, [20°49’S 47°11’E], 1500 m, III.1960, Keraudren 220 10185 (NY [NY00138421] image seen, P [P00084312, (MO, P); entre Ivato et Ambatofinandrahana, [20°37’S 47°12’E], 1.XII.1970, P00100751]!); bois des pentes occidentales (Tapia), au S Keraudren-Aymonin & Aymonin 25728 (G, P, TAN, TEF); Anavozo, Soana- d’Ambatofinandrano, [20°33’S 46°48’E], c. 1400 m, V.1920, tao à 2 km S du village d’Ambatofinandrahana, sur la route vers Fenoarivo, Perrier de la Bâthie 13126 (G [G00096017]!, P [P00730635, 20°35’4”S 46°48’35”E, 1378 m, 18.III.2004, Lehavana et al. 23 (MO, P, TAN); P00730637]!). Itremo massif, W of Ambatofinandrahana, along road to Col d’ltremo, just below bridge over Ambalarangolana riv., 20°34’40”S 46°35’11”E, 1540 m, 9.XI.2002, Lowry et al. 5837 (MO, P, TAN); Col des Tapias, c. 15 km NNW 134 – New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar Candollea 73, 2018

A C

B D

Fig. 1. - Field photographs of Vitex L. A-B. Vitex humblotiana Callm. & Phillipson; C. Vitex cauliflora Moldenke; D. Vitex betsiliensis Humbert. [Photos: A-B: P. Antilahimena; C: G.E. Schatz; D: P.P. Lowry] Candollea 73, 2018 New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar - 135

of crest of pass, 20°13’57”S 47°05’45”E, 1425 m, 25.XI.2009, Lowry et al. d’Ankarongameloka, versant E, 14°15’32”S 49°26’23”E, 1235 m, 10.III.2006, 7070 (MO); Ivato, 12 km à l’W d’Ivato, piste d’Ambatofinandrahana, [20°37’S Rakotovao et al. 2939 (MO, P, TAN); Andapa, forêt Domaniale de Masia- 47°12’E], 25.VI.1969, Morat 3317 (P, TAN); Fkt. Ranomafana, à 4 km au posa, 14°39’20”S 49°42’20”E, 890 m, 10.XI.1995, Ravelonarivo & Lowry 866 NW d’Ambatofinandrahana, 20°30’58”S 46°46’02”E, 1475 m, 19.VIII.1999, (P, MO, TAN); Andapa, Doany, Anjialavahely, 14°14’S 49°26’E, 9.III.2006, E.S. Rakotoarisoa 21 (TAN); Ambatofinandrahana, Ianasana, 20°34’40”S Ravelonarivo et al. 1824 (MO, P, TAN); Ambatomenavava, Bezavona, forêt 46°35’05”E, 28.IX.2012, Rakotonasolo 2016 (K, TAN); Ambohimanjaka. Ank- d’Ampiranaomby, 14°23’18”S 49°52’26”E, 687 m, 25.X.2010, Ravelonarivo & eniheny, Ambohimanjaka, 20°14’02”S 47°05’35”E, 5.VI.2015, Rakotonirina et Raharivelo 3583 (MO, P, TAN); Cap Masoala, sources de l’Anaovanandrano al. 1157 (MO, P, TAN); route vers Itremo à 19 km d’Ambatofinandrahana, (confins), 15°36”S 50°00”E, 750 m,Wohlhauser et al. 661 (G, P, TAN). Prov. 20°33’S 46°48’E, 12.VI.1994, Ranaivojaona 6 (MO, P, TAN); Itremo, Fiv. Toamasina: Fiv. Maroantsetra, Abinanitelo, Fkt. Marovovonana, between Ambatofinandrahana, Itremo, 40 km à l’W d’Ambatofinandrahana, le long Befotsila and Sahamengo, 15°17’30”S 49°27’57”E, 695 m, 10.IX.2004, Anti- d’une vallée dirigée vers l’W du pont à Ianasana, 20°34’S 46°34’E, 1630-1770 lahimena 2890 (K, MO, P, TAN); NW coast of Masoala Peninsula, trail E m, 6.IV.1998, Randrianaivo et al. 161 (MO, P, TAN); massif d’Itremo, E of village of Hiaraka, ESE of Maroantsetra on, 15°30’S 49°56’E, 550 m, margin, c. 19 km W of Ambatofinandrahana, 20°34’30”S 46°37’30”E, 1580- 10.X.1986, Lowry et al. 4055 (MO, P); ibid. loco, ridge running SE of village 1700 m, 10.III.2000, Schatz et al. 3970 (MO, P, TAN); Distr. Ambatofinan- of Ambanizana, along ridge SE of Androka riv., 15°38’S 49°59’E, 400 m, drahana, forêt d’Antanimena, [20°49’S 47°11’E], 5.IX.1951, Service Forestier 15.X.1986, Lowry et al. 4136 (MO, P); Mananara-Avaratra NP, Antanambe, 4723 (P); Faliarivo, Faliarivo, SW d’Ambositra, [20°38’S 47°07’E], I.1955, above Mavokely riv., 16°27’S 49°47’E, 24.X.1994, Prance & Andriantiana Service Forestier 11541 (TEF); Distr. d’Ambositra. Ankijana, Ambohima- 30748 (K, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 26.X.1994, Prance & Andriantiana 30817 hazo, [20°40’S 47°06’E], 5.II.1955, Service Forestier 13468 (P); ibid loco,15. (K, MO, P, TAN); entre Bedinta et Andranobe, 15°39’30”S 49°57’30”E, 350- IX.1954, Service Forestier 14756 (P, TEF); Anasana, massif de l’Itremo, 500 m, 24.XI.2001, Rabevohitra 4001 (MO, P, TAN); Mananara-Avaratra NP, [20°32’S 46°33’E], 3.VIII.1959, Service Forestier 19504 (P, TEF); ibid. loco, 570 m, 18.X.1990, Raharimalala 2397 (P). 20°37’S 46°35’E, 1500 m, 27.X.1994, van der Werff & McPherson 13590 (MO, P, TAN). Sine loco: s.d., Anon. s.n. (P); 1400 m, 9.VII.1940, Cours 1519 (P); Riv. Menaloha [?], 2.XII.1928, Homolle 1825 (P). Vitex humblotiana Callm. & Phillipson, nom. et stat. nov. [ Vitex cauliflora var. longifolia Moldenke in Phytologia 3: Vitex cauliflora Moldenke in Phytologia 3: 432. 1951. 433. 1951 [non V. longifolia Merr.]. adagascar Holotypus: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina: e n v. Holotypus: M . Prov. Toamasina: “Passimbé”, de la Baie d’Antongil, X.1912, fl., Perrier de la Bâthie 27.XII.1881, fl., Humblot 90 (P [P00440350]!; iso-: P 10311 (P [P00100756]!; iso-: P [P00084315]!). [P00440351]!). Notes. – Vitex humblotiana can be easily recognized by its Notes. – With the exclusion of the two varieties that we very large (25-43 × 4.5-8.5 cm), unifoliolate, coriaceous leaves treat as distinct species, we limit V. cauliflora to plants that cor- and its cauliflorous inflorescences with pubescent pedicels, respond to the typical variety. Vitex cauliflora can be recognized bracts and calyx and yellow strigose corolla (see Table 1). This by its sub-coriaceous, medium-size unifoliolate leaves (8-17 × species is confined to low to mid-elevation evergreen forests 3-5 cm) and its beige-brown villous inflorescences including in east-central Madagascar. the corolla (Table 1). This species is confined to low to mid- elevations evergreen forests in northeastern Madagascar. Conservation status. – Vitex humblotiana is known from 9 locations and five are encompassed in the protected area Conservation status. – Vitex cauliflora is known from 15 network (Analalava, Betampona and Zahamena). The species is locations, 9 of which are encompassed in the protected area threatened by habitat degradation due to forest exploitation, tavy network (within Anjanaharibe-Sud, Mananara-Nord, Makira, and bush fires, especially in areas that are not formally protected. Marojejy and Masoala). With an EOO of c. 13,670 km2 and With an EOO of c. 14,760 km2 and an AOO of 40 km2, V. an AOO of 60 km2, V. cauliflora is therefore assigned a pre- humblotiana is assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status liminary IUCN conservation status of “Least Concern” [LC]. of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)].

Specimen examined. – Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana: Masoala PN, Specimens examined. – Madagascar. Prov. Fianarantsoa: c. 0.6 km à 21 km du village de Sahamalaza sur la route de Vakoanina. Vinanivao, of Ambodirafia, 21°20’26”S 47°42’14”E, 534 m, 14.XI.1998, Almeda et al. Antalaha, 15°48’S 50°18’E, 15-16.II.1996, Aridy & Moïse 147 (MO, P, TEF); 8128 (CAS, P). Prov. Toamasina: Foulpointe, Ananalava, 17°42’S 49°26’E, Marojejy AP, versant NW du Marojejy, 14°25’S 49°36’E, 1000 m, 17.X.2001, 12.XI.2007, Andriamiarinoro 85 (MO, P, TAN); Analalava Mahavelona Foul- Gautier et al. 3856 (G, TEF); massif de l’Anjanaharibe (pentes et sommet N), pointe, Fokontany Morarano, Piste Rabedona, 17°42’06”S 49°27’19”E, 38 m, à l’W d’Andapa (Haute Andramonta, bassin de la Lokoho, NE), [14°36’S 7.X.2011, Andriamiarinoro & Amosa 249 (MO, P, TAN); Brickaville, Maros- 049°23’E], 10.XII.1950, Humbert et al. 24540 (G, K, MO, P [2 sheets], TEF); eranana, à 5 heures de marche d’Andeka, vers le N, Amparamanambola, lieu Marojejy AP, along the trail to the summit of Marojejy Est, NW of Mandena, dit Sahatsara 18°26’23”S 48°49’40’’E, 698 m, 28.X.2005, Andriamihajarivo et 14°26’S 49°46’E, 7.X.1989, Miller et al. 3436 (MO, P); ibid loco, W slopes al. 615 (MO, P [P04398258], TAN); Analalava, W of Foulpointe, 17°42’S of Mt. Beondroka, 14°27’S 49°47’E, 23-24.X.1989, Miller & Randrianasolo 49°29’E, 0-50 m, 13.XII.1984, Barnett & Dorr 263 (MO, P); Didy a Brick- 4404 (MO, P, TAN); ibid loco, W part of Marojejy, 14°29’09”S S 49°34’05”E, aville, [18°29’S 48°48’E], Cours 4905 (P [P04398292]); forêts d’Ambanivoules, 30.I.2013, Rajaovelona et al. 562 (K, MO, P, TAN); Doany, Anjialavahely, forêt Savaïndou, II.1837, Goudot s.n. (G); Analanjirofo, Analalava, 17°42’23”S 136 – New combinations and typifications in Vitex (Lamiaceae) from Madagascar Candollea 73, 2018

Table 1. - Comparison of morphological characters between Vitex cauliflora Moldenke, V. humblotiana Callm. & Phillipson and V. villosissima (Moldenke) Callm. & Phillipson. Characters Vitex cauliflora Vitex humblotiana Vitex villosissima

Leaf blades [cm] 8-17 × 3-5 25-43 × 4.5-8.5 6-9 × 1.3-2.6 Leaf venation [below] secondary veins conspicuous secondary veins conspicuous secondary veins discrete Leaf texture sub-coriaceous coriaceous chartaceous Corolla indument beige-brown strigose sparsely yellow pubescent pale grey sericeous Pedicels, bracts and calyx indument strigose strigillose canescent

49°27’05”E, X.2008, Nikolov et al. 1765 (MO, TAN); Zahamena AP, partie (CNARP, MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, Andranofantsona à 10 km au S de SE, 17°43’30”S 48°59’25”E, 610 m, 20.X.1994, Randrianjanaka 222 (G, MO, Manakambahiny, 17°39’20”S 48°56’46”E, 610 m 27.X.2002, Razafitsalama P, TAN); Zahamena AP, Andranofantsona, 10 km au S de Manakambahiny I, 157 (CNARP, MO, P, TEF). au bord du rivière Ihofika, 17°39’17”S 48°49’10”E, 600 m, 23.X.2002, Razafit- salama 142 (CNARP, MO, P [P04398287], TEF); Ambodiriana, Betampona, Acknowledgments [17°55’S 49°13’E], 29.X.1953, Réserves Naturelles 5872 (G, MO, P, TAN); Ambodiriana, [17°55’S 49°13’E], 13.VII.954, Réserves Naturelles 6458 (G, P [2 We thank Patrice Antilahimena, Pete Lowry and George sheets]); Betampona, RN 1, au N d’Ambodiriana [17°56’S 49°15’E], 250-500 m, 20.VIII.1957, Service Forestier 18093 (P [2 sheets], TEF); Analalava à l’W de Schatz for their nice field photographs. Foulpointe, [17°42’S 49°26’E], 30.X.1963, Service Forestier 22795 (MO, P, TEF). References

Bachman, S. & J. Moat (2012). GeoCAT - an open source tool Vitex villosissima (Moldenke) Callm. & Phillipson, comb. et for rapid Red List assessments. Bot. Gard. Conservation Int. J. 9 stat. nov. [http://geocat.kew.org]. [ Vitex cauliflora var. villosissima Moldenke in Phytologia Bramley, G.L.C., F. Forest & R.P.J de Kok (2009). Troublesome 3: 433. 1951. tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations Holotypus: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina: Anony, forêt (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia. Taxon 58: 500-510. du N du pays Sihanaka, 3.IX.1937, Herb. Jard. Bot. Tanan- Callmander, M.W., P.B. Phillipson & G.E. Schatz (2014). arive 2949 (P [P00440352]!; iso-: NY [NY00138431] Towards a revision of the genus Vitex L. (Lamiaceae) in image seen, P [P00440353]!, TAN). Madagascar I: a distinctive new species from North-eastern Madagascar. Candollea 69: 141-147. Notes. – The species is characterized by its small, chartaceous, unifoliolate leaves (6-9 × 1.3-2.6 cm). Furthermore, this Capuron, R. (1972). Notes sur les Verbenacees de Madagascar. species has a different indument on both the corolla and other Adansonia ser. 2, 12: 45-53. parts of the inflorescence (see Table 1). This species is known Humbert, H. (1939). Contributions à l’étude de la Flore de Mada- from mid-elevation evergreen forests around Lake Alaotra. gascar et des Comores. Not. Syst. (Paris) 8: 3-66. IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Conservation status. – Vitex villosissima is known only Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge. from 4 locations with only one encompassed in the protected area network (Zahamena). The other locations are from other Madagascar Catalogue (2018). Catalogue of the plants of Mada- eastern escarpment evergreen tropical forests that are threatened gascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo by habitat degradation due to tavy and forest over-exploi- [http://www.efloras.org/madagascar]. tation. With an EOO of c. 240 km2 and an AOO of 20 km2, Moldenke, H.N. (1951). Notes on new and noteworthy plants, XII. V. villosissima is therefore assigned a preliminary IUCN conserva- Phytologia 3: 406-447. tion status of “Endangered” [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)]. Moldenke, H.N. (1956). Verbenacées. In: Humbert, H. (ed.), Fl. Madagascar Comores 174. Specimens examined. – Vohimena, [17°21’S 48°36’E], 1000 m, 8.IX.1946, Cours 2871 (G, MO, P); Zahamena PA, Ankosy, 17°28’45”S 48°44’10’’E, Phillipson, P.B. & M.W. Callmander (2013). A clarification of 996-1250 m, 15.VII.2000, Ratovoson et al. 252 (CNARP, MO, P, TEF); B. C. Seeman’s Malagasy species of Colea Meisn. (Bignoniaceae). ibid. loco, Ambarihely (2 km à l’E d’Ankosy), 17°28’43”S 48°44’17”E, 1000 Candollea 68: 67-71. m, 13.VII.2005, Ratovoson 1027 (MO, TEF); ibid. loco, 12.VII.2000, Rako- tonandrasana et al. 405 (CNARP, MO, P); ibid. loco, au bord de la piste vers Schatz, G.E. (1990). A new Vitex (Verbenaceae) from Madagascar. Antevibe, 17°33’34”S 48°54’34’’E, 750 m, 26.X.2000, Rakotonandrasana et al. 457 Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 207-208.