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Pilóta Nélküli Repülés Profiknak És Amatőröknek

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Pilóta Nélküli Repülés Profiknak És Amatőröknek Pilóta nélküli repülés profiknak és amatőröknek Szerkesztette Dr. Palik Mátyás Második, javított kiadás Pilóta nélküli repülés profiknak és amatőröknek Második javított kiadás © A Szerzők, 2013 © Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, 2013 Szerkesztő: Dr. Palik Mátyás Lektorok: Prof. Dr. Kovács László Prof. Dr. Óvári Gyula Olvasószerkesztő: Nagy Imréné Műszaki szerkesztő és ábrarajzoló: Dr. Szilvássy László A borítót készítette: Jámbor Krisztián A kiadvány szerzői: Dr. Békési Bertold, Dr. Bottyán Zsolt, Dr. Dunai Pál, Halászné dr. Tóth Alexandra, Prof. Dr. Makkay Imre, Dr. Palik Mátyás, Dr. Restás Ágoston, Dr. Wührl Tibor ISBN 978-615-5057-64-9 Kiadó: Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem TÁMOP-4.2.1.B-11/2/KMR-2011-0001 Kritikus infrastruktúra védelmi kutatások „A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósul meg”. A könyv „A pilóta nélküli légijárművek alkalmazásának légiközlekedés-biztonsági aspektusai” című kiemelt kutatási terület támogatásával készült el. TARTALOM TARTALOM ELŐSZÓ ...................................................................................................................................... 7 MOTTÓ ....................................................................................................................................... 9 BEVEZETÉS ............................................................................................................................. 11 UAV, DRONE, RPV, RPA, UAS, RPAS, UCAV, UCAS – ÉS AMI MÖGÖTTÜK VAN .. 11 EBBŐL ÉLNI – VAGY EZÉRT ............................................................................................ 14 A KÖNYVRŐL ...................................................................................................................... 16 MOTIVÁCIÓK ....................................................................................................................... 17 FEJEZETEK ........................................................................................................................... 19 1. A PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI REPÜLÉS RÖVID TÖRTÉNETE ............................................... 25 1.1 A KEZDETEK: HAJTÓMŰ NÉLKÜLI FEJLESZTÉSEK ............................................. 25 1.2 A LÉGI TORPEDÓK KORA ........................................................................................... 26 1.3 PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI CÉLREPÜLŐGÉPEK ..................................................................... 29 1.4 MÁSODIK VILÁGHÁBORÚS ROBOTOK ................................................................... 31 1.5 A HIDEGHÁBORÚ UAV FEJLESZTÉSEI .................................................................... 34 1.6 DRÓNOK VIETNÁM FELETT ....................................................................................... 37 1.7 IZRAELI UAV FEJLESZTÉSEK .................................................................................... 39 1.8 AZ ÖBÖL-HÁBORÚ ROBOTJAI ................................................................................... 44 1.9 SZÖVETSÉGES DRÓNOK A BALKÁN FELETT ........................................................ 46 1.10 DRÓNOK A TERRORIZMUS ELLENI MŰVELETEKBEN ...................................... 48 1.11 MAGYAR UAV FEJLESZTÉSEK ................................................................................ 51 1.12 BEFEJEZÉS .................................................................................................................... 60 2. PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK JELLEMZÉSE, OSZTÁLYOZÁSUK .......... 65 2.1 BEVEZETÉS .................................................................................................................... 65 2.2 PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰ KATEGORIÁK ....................................................... 65 2.3 PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK SÁRKÁNYSZERKEZETI MEGOLDÁSAI ... 70 2.4 FELHASZNÁLÁS CÉLJA ............................................................................................... 84 2.5 MEGHAJTÁS ................................................................................................................... 87 2.6 IRÁNYÍTÁS ..................................................................................................................... 90 2.7 AZ UAV-K INDÍTÁSA ................................................................................................... 91 2.8 VISSZATÉRÉS ................................................................................................................ 97 2.9 REPÜLÉSI JELLEMZŐK (ADATOK) ......................................................................... 101 2.10 ÖSSZEFOGLALÓ ........................................................................................................ 106 3. UAV FEDÉLZETI RENDSZEREK TERVEZÉSE „SYSTEM DESIGN/UAV ONBOARD SYSTEMS” ................................................................................................... 111 3.1 TERVEZÉS FONTOSABB PEREMFELTÉTELEI....................................................... 111 3.2 FEDÉLZETI MŰKÖDÉSIRÁNYÍTÓK (KÖZPONTI VEZÉRLŐK –CP) ÉS AZOK MŰKÖDÉSÉNEK FOLYTONOSSÁGA ............................................................................. 115 3.3 FEDÉLZETI TÁPELLÁTÁS ......................................................................................... 123 3.4 SZENZOROK, SZENZOR ADATOK KEZELÉSE ...................................................... 125 3.5 A FEDÉLZETI IRÁNYÍTÓRENDSZER NÉHÁNY ALGORITMUSA ....................... 132 5 TARTALOM 4. PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGI JÁRMŰVEK HASZNOS TERHEI ..................................... 143 4.1 A HORDOZÓK KÉPESSÉGE ....................................................................................... 143 4.2 TÁVÉRZÉKELÉS ESZKÖZEI A FEDÉLZETEN ........................................................ 146 4.3 MEGJELENÍTŐK ........................................................................................................... 160 4.4 EGYÉB ESZKÖZÖK A FEDÉLZETEN ....................................................................... 162 4.5 HASZNOS TERHEK – A JÖVŐBEN ............................................................................ 170 5. A PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK REPÜLÉSE A JOGI SZABÁLYOZÁS TÜKRÉBEN ....................................................................................................................... 173 5.1 A HATÁLYOS MAGYAR LÉGIKÖZLEKEDÉSI JOGANYAG „UAV SZEMSZÖGBŐL” ................................................................................................................ 173 5.2 A PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK ALKALMAZÁSÁNAK SZABÁLYOZÁSA A NEMZETKÖZI JOGBAN ................................................................................................ 183 5.3 SZABÁLYOZÁS AZ EGYES ORSZÁGOKBAN ......................................................... 187 5.4 KÖVETKEZTETÉSEK .................................................................................................. 190 6. A PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI REPÜLŐ ESZKÖZÖK ALKALMAZÁSÁNAK METEOROLÓGIAI ASPEKTUSAI ................................................................................ 193 6.1 A REPÜLÉS ÉS AZ ATMOSZFÉRA KAPCSOLATA ................................................. 193 6.2 AZ UAV-K REPÜLÉSÉRE VESZÉLYES SZITUÁCIÓK A LÉGKÖRBEN............... 199 6.3 AZ UAV-K METEOROLÓGIAI TÁMOGATÁSÁNAK RENDSZERE ...................... 211 7. EMBERI TÉNYEZŐ A PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK ÜZEMELTETÉSÉBEN ..................................................................................................... 219 7.1 BEVEZETÉS .................................................................................................................. 219 7.2 A PILÓTANÉLKÜLI REPÜLŐESZKÖZÖK KEZELŐIVEL SZEMBENI KÖVETELMÉNYEK ........................................................................................................... 222 7.3 AZ EMBERI TÉNYEZŐ MINT HIBAFORRÁS ........................................................... 226 7.4 UAV KEZELŐSZEMÉLYZET KIVÁLOGATÁSÁNAK BEMENETI KÖVETELMÉNYEI ............................................................................................................. 231 7.5 ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS ........................................................................................................ 236 8. AZ UAV KÖZSZOLGÁLATI ALKALMAZÁSAI ......................................................... 241 8.1 KÖRNYEZETVÉDELMI CÉLÚ UAV ALKALMAZÁSOK ........................................ 242 8.2 AZ UAV RENDŐRSÉGI ALKALMAZÁSAI ............................................................... 246 8.3 AZ UAV KATASZTRÓFAVÉDELMI ALKALMAZÁSAI ......................................... 249 8.4 AZ UAV KERESKEDELMI CÉLÚ ALKALMAZÁSAI .............................................. 268 9. A PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK KATONAI ALKALMAZÁSA ................. 281 9.1 AZ UAV-K SZÜKSÉGESSÉGE .................................................................................... 281 9.2 PILÓTA NÉLKÜLI LÉGIJÁRMŰ RENDSZEREK AZ ÖSSZHADERŐNEMI LÉGI MŰVELETEKBEN .............................................................................................................. 282 9.3 AZ UAS ALKALMAZÁS SAJÁTOSSÁGAI ................................................................ 289 9.4 A FEJLŐDÉS IRÁNYAI ................................................................................................ 292 10. UAV FEJLESZTÉSEK, ÚJ ALKALMAZÁSOK .......................................................... 299 10.1 BEVEZETÉS ................................................................................................................ 299 10.2 LÉGIJÁRMŰVEK FEJLŐDÉSE ................................................................................
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