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Estudio Sobre El Impacto Y La Transición Tecnológica De Los Drones

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Estudio Sobre El Impacto Y La Transición Tecnológica De Los Drones Universidad Gerardo Barrios UNIVERSIDAD GERARDO BARRIOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA TEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN: ESTUDIO SOBRE EL IMPACTO Y LA TRANSICIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE LOS DRONES INVESTIGADORES: KRISCIA VANESSA ZAPATA VARGAS MARVIN OSMARO PARADA BENÍTEZ PEDRO ANTONIO VILLALTA MARINERO USULUTÁN, 30 DE JUNIO DE 2017 Estudio sobre el impacto y la transición tecnológica de los Drones 1 ESTUDIO SOBRE EL IMPACTO Y LA TRANSICIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE LOS DRONES RESUMEN O ABSTRACT Es sabido que la tecnología de drones no es un tema nuevo, al menos no para países como Estados Unidos, Alemania, España, y sumándose a ellos El Salvador; en este último ya puede observase su integración en diferentes áreas ejemplo de ello periodismo y educación, sin embargo, su uso representa grandes desafíos jurídicos, desde la regulación sobre el espacio aéreo hasta las posibles violaciones a la intimidad y accidentes que puedan generarse por el mal manejo de los mismos. Por tal razón se realizó un estudio sobre el impacto y la transición tecnológica de los drones en El Salvador; entre sus propósitos determinar si existe actualmente una regulación o la legislación vigente regula el impacto de esta transición en la aplicación de los drones para uso civil en los sectores de educación, investigación y empresa. Se tomaron muestras de diferentes sectores del área comercial empresas enfocadas al periodismo, turismo y cobertura de eventos, así como del área educativa estudiantes y docentes de tecnología y docentes de ciencias jurídicas, de diferentes universidades del país, también se involucró a Autoridad de Aviación Civil (AAC), para lo cual se realizaron, visitas técnicas, llenado de encuestas y entrevistas para la recopilación de información. La existencia de una regulación específica sobre el uso de este tipo de tecnología es de interés nacional e internacional y El Salvador ya está trabajando en ello, a través de una propuesta regulatoria que incluye importes aspectos para el desarrollo y seguridad social. Palabras claves: Tecnología, Drones, UAV, UAS, RPAS, VANT, Regulación, Legislación, Propuesta, AAC, Aviación Civil. ÍNDICE Introducción ................................................................................................................................... 10 1. Planteamiento del Problema ...................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Análisis de la situación problemática ...........................................................................................12 1.2 Enunciado del problema ..............................................................................................................13 2. Justificación ............................................................................................................................... 13 3. Objetivos .................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Objetivo General ................................................................................................................................15 3.2 Objetivos Específicos ..........................................................................................................................15 4. Metas ......................................................................................................................................... 15 5. Alcances y Limitaciones ............................................................................................................ 17 5.1 Alcances ..............................................................................................................................................17 5.2 Limitaciones .......................................................................................................................................17 6. Marco Teórico ........................................................................................................................... 18 6.1 Antecedentes Históricos ....................................................................................................................18 6.2 Elementos Teóricos ............................................................................................................................32 6.2.1 Definición. ...................................................................................................................................32 6.2.2 Tipos de drones. ..........................................................................................................................34 6.2.2.1 Clasificación de Drones de acuerdo a su uso. ......................................................................34 6.2.2.2 Clasificación de Drones de acuerdo a su forma. ..................................................................38 6.2.2.3 Clasificación de acuerdo al método de control ....................................................................39 6.2.3 Áreas de aplicación de los drones. ..............................................................................................41 6.2.3.1 Aplicación de drones en seguridad. .....................................................................................41 6.2.3.2 Aplicación de drones en las empresas. ................................................................................45 6.2.3.3 Aplicación de drones en investigación. ................................................................................49 6.2.3.4 Aplicación de drones en educación. .....................................................................................49 6.2.4 Incidentes registrados por el mal uso de drones. .......................................................................50 6.2.4.1 Incidentes de aviación. .........................................................................................................51 6.2.4.2 Incidentes daños a personas. ...............................................................................................52 7. Hipótesis .................................................................................................................................... 53 8- Operacionalización De Las Variables ....................................................................................... 54 9. Estrategias .................................................................................................................................. 56 10- Metodología de la Investigación ............................................................................................. 57 10.1 Descripción del método ...................................................................................................................57 10.2 Población y Muestra .........................................................................................................................58 10.2.1 Población ...................................................................................................................................58 10.2.2 Muestra .....................................................................................................................................58 10.3 Técnicas e Instrumentos ..................................................................................................................59 10.3.1 Técnicas .....................................................................................................................................59 10.3.2 Instrumentos .............................................................................................................................60 10.4- Procedimiento .................................................................................................................................61 10.4.1 Planteamiento Del Problema ....................................................................................................62 10.4.2 Marco Teórico ...........................................................................................................................62 10.4.3 Metodología ..............................................................................................................................63 10.4.4 Análisis de Resultados ...............................................................................................................63 10.4.5 Conclusiones y Recomendaciones ............................................................................................64 11. Presentación de Resultados ..................................................................................................... 64 11.1 Resultados de Estudiantes ...............................................................................................................64 11.2 Resultados de Docentes Ciencias Jurídicas ......................................................................................79 11.3 Resultados de Docentes de Tecnología............................................................................................98 11.4 Análisis de las Entrevistas ...............................................................................................................112 11.4.1 Entrevista con Autoridad de Aviación Civil (AAC) ...................................................................112 11.4.2 Resultados de entrevista a empresas que utilizan Drones en sus labores. ............................116 12. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones......................................................................................... 120
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