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Evolution of the Cruise Missile

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Evolution of the Cruise Missile The Evolution of the Cruise Missile by KENNETH P. WERRELL Air University (AU) Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama September 1985 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Werrell, Kenneth P. The Evolution of the Cruise Missile . "September 1985 ." Includes bibliographies and index. 1 . Cruise Missiles-History . I. Air University (US) . II . Title. UG1312 .C7W47 1985 358'.174'0973 85-8131 First Printing 1985 Second Printing 1998 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the editors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 90 t&iz c*nezieani a7lio ka(TE jzzvzJ, au jzviny, at wdl izzvE witfi tfiE ezuisz m.illiz. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CONTENTS Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii FOREWORD. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ix THE AUTHOR . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . .. .. .. .. ... .. xiii I INTRODUCTION . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Notes . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 II THE EARLY YEARS . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Foreign Efforts . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 The Navy-Sperry Flying Bomb . .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 The Army-Kettering Bug .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 Foreign Developments . .. .. .. .. 17 The Army-Sperry Experiments . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 US Navy Efforts . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 The Kettering-General Motors A-1 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 XBQ Aircraft As Aerial Torpedoes . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 APHRODITE : The Aerial Torpedo In Action . .. .. .. .. .. 32 Notes . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 III WORLD WAR II . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 The German V-l . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 The American V-1(JB-2) . .. .. .. .. .. .. 62 The Northrop JB-I/JB-10. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 Notes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71 IV POSTWAR DEVELOPMENTS. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 79 Postwar Adjustment . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 Air Materiel Command BANSHEE. .. .. .. .. 81 Northrop Snark.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 82 North American Navaho . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 The Martin Matador . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 108 Navy Programs . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 113 Regulus I, Rigel, Regulus II, Triton . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 113 The Crossbow . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 120 Page Chapter The Hound Dog . .. .. .. .. 121 The Buck Duck . .. .. .. 123 The Bull Goose . .. .. .. 124 The Quail . .. .. 125 Notes . .. .. 129 V US CRUISE MISSILES REVITALIZED . .. 135 Advancing Technology . .. .. 135 Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPVs). .. .. .. 142 SCAD, SCAM, SCUD. .. .. .. 144 1970s . .. .. .. 146 Harpoon . .. .. .. 150 STAWS and SCM to SLCM . .. .. .. .. 151 The Navy Effort: General Dynamics Wins the SLCM Contract . .. .. .. .. 154 ALCM . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 156 Notes .. .. .. .. .. .. 165 VI 1977 TO THE PRESENT . .. .. .. .. .. 171 Cruise Missiles and SALT. .. .. .. .. .. 172 The B-1 . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 176 ALCM Selection .. .. .. .. .. 178 Cruise Missile Carrier. .. .. 187 Rationale for Multiple Cruise Missile Variants . .. .. 189 SLCM . .. .. .. 192 GLCM . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 201 MRASM . .. .. .. .. 205 ALCM "C," ASALM, ATCM. .. .. .. 208 Final Words . .. .. .. .. .. 211 Notes . .. .. .. 214 VII CONCLUSION . .. .. .. .. .. 223 APPENDIX A: Specifications of Various Cruise Missiles . .. .. .. .. .. 235 APPENDIX B: Discussion of Air War College Cruise Missile Survey .. .. .. .. 237 APPENDIX C: Cruise Missile Survey, Airpower Research Institute, Air War College . .. .. .. 241 APPENDIX D: Cruise Missile Survey Cross Tabulation . .. .. .. .. .. .. 249 Vi Page APPENDIX E: Snark Flight Record . .. .. 253 APPENDIX F:.
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