THE MOBILITY THE MAGAZINE OF MOBILITY AIR OF MAGAZINE THE Brig GenRichouxSpeaks |

SUMMER 2017 HURRICANES: Multiple Branches Multimodal is aJointEffortof from Experience Transport and Nations FORUM Rota’s

Volume 26, No. 2 CONTENTS THE MOBILITY FORUM Summer 2017

AIR MOBILITY COMMAND Gen Carlton Everhart II

3 10 16 26 34 DIRECTOR OF SAFETY Col Michael R. Seiler FROM THE TOP 18 Unit Deployment Manager: Are [email protected] 3 Hurricanes: Brig Gen Richoux You Mission Ready? Speaks from Experience 34 Benchmark Cybersecurity 5 So Long, Fellow Airmen Assessment on C-5M EDITORS Kim Brumley RISK MANAGEMENT SEASONAL [email protected] 6 My Pride is All That Hurt CONSIDERATIONS Sherrie Schatz Having a Blast at Home 12 Aerial Port LOSAs Increase 22 Sheree Lewis Safety, Efficiency 30 Water: The Fickle (and [email protected] Deceptive) Element FLIGHT SAFETY Graphic Design Elizabeth Bailey 8 Aviation Ground Mishaps: MOTORCYCLE CULTURE A ‘Good Guy’ Club Four-Year Indicators 26 The Mobility Forum (TMF) is published four times a year by the Director of Safety, Air SAFETY CULTURE AMC HERITAGE Mobility Command, Scott AFB, IL. The con- 10 Rota's Multimodal Transport 28 Charting the History of tents are informative and not regulatory or is a Joint Effort of Multiple directive. Viewpoints expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the Branches and Nations policy of AMC, USAF, or any DoD agency. 13 Critical Days of Summer 2017 Contributions: Please email articles and 14 7 Steps to Setting and REGULAR FEATURES photos to [email protected], fax to Reaching Your Safety Goal 20 Center Spread: (580) 628-2011, or mail to Schatz Publishing, 24 I Had Junk in My Trunk! The Rescue Reflex 11950 W. Highland Ave., Blackwell, OK 74631. For questions call (580) 628-4607. The 36 Trapped Below and Running 38 Mishap-Free Flying Hour editors reserve the right to make editorial Out of Air Milestones changes to manuscripts.

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2 The Mobility Forum HURRICANES: By MS. KIM BRUMLEY, Brig Gen Richoux Speaks from Experience Staff Writer

othing speaks louder than the Wing Crisis Action Team staff Airmen from the 621st Contingency Re- the voice of experience, in Charleston, he rode out two sponse Wing help unload rice from a World and that certainly holds hurricanes there. Food Program truck in Port-au-Prince, true when it comes to Haiti. The Airmen were working alongside Nsurviving a hurricane. Air Mobility Brig Gen Richoux’s cumulative Haitian citizens to provide relief after the Command (AMC) is lucky to have experience gives him a unique per- nation was struck by Hurricane Matthew. Brig Gen Lenny Richoux as Vice spective—an overview he is proud usAF Photo by tsgt russ scAlF Commander of 18th Air Force (AF) to share with readers of The Mobility at in Illinois. He Forum. A prime example is Hurricane survived a monster storm as a child Matthew, which approached the Richoux said. “The support after in , and his team helps Caribbean in 2016. Richoux said Matthew hit was a team effort that coordinate delivery of aid to regions USTRANSCOM, AMC, 18th AF, continued well after the storm affected by disasters today. and the 618th moved on.” Many people worked in (AOC) worked with USSOUTHCOM, support of the Agency “One of my most vivid childhood USNORTHCOM, 12th AF, and 1st for International Development memories is watching my father AF to help evacuate people from (USAID), who led relief operations. try to keep rising water from our Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and deliver home in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, disaster relief to Haiti. Before the “Joint Task Force [JTF] Matthew as Hurricane Camille approached storm hit, evacuating families from involved more than 400 service the Gulf Coast in 1969,” he recalled. Guantanamo Bay involved six air- members from all military branches. “Our home did not flood that day, craft from and For example, the 621st Contingency but my father always evacuated us Little Rock Air Force Base. Response Wing linked up with the when subsequent storms approached 689th Rapid Port Opening Element New Orleans. Even with Hurricane “The Air Force is part of the DoD and members of the Defense Logistics Katrina, he and my mother came response to natural disasters because Agency. Those three partners melded to my home in Charleston, South of the skills, capabilities, and to open an airfield, allowing troops to Carolina.” As a captain and part of professionalism of our Airmen,” deliver aid faster, saving more lives.

Summer 2017 3 MSgt Gabriel Peterson, of the 290th Joint Com- munications Support Element, delivers cooking supplies to citizens of Beaumont, Haiti. usAF Photo by tsgt russ scAlF

Additional C-17 and C-130 crews and aircraft deployed to support the Marines, moving more than 500 tons of relief supplies and equipment into the country.”

Richoux said Joint Base McGuire-Dix- to deliver those supplies. Overall, the storm arrived, and U.S. service Lakehurst Airmen spent three weeks we operated 51 sorties, bringing members were in Haiti providing in Haiti assessing what the airfield people and supplies to and from relief the day after the hurricane hit. needed to operate at surge capacity Haiti. Those flights moved more Planning ensured that all partners and opening the aerial port, allowing than 500 passengers, along with knew in advance what to do. When more aircraft and supplies to enter. humanitarian supplies and gear for it comes to preparing for these types Additionally, Airmen from Dover relief operations.” of storms at home, Richoux again AFB, , flew two C-17 planes speaks from experience. to shuttle service members and civil- The 18th is preparing for the 2017 ians into the country, while planners hurricane season, as well. “Be ready,” he said. “Hurricanes and operators at the 618th AOC coor- give us ample warning, and there dinated and provided tactical control “There will always be another is no reason to stay put. Evacuate if over the aircraft movements. hurricane, but we don’t know when given the opportunity. Have a plan or where so we must be ready,” with your family—where to go, what Hurricane Matthew’s damage was said Richoux. “We work with the to bring, and how to communicate devastating and widespread, but combatant commands and our if you are separated. This applies Richoux said helping the USAID partners so we can respond to to any natural disaster. The FEMA saved lives, particularly in Haiti. requests from the Federal Emergency website at www.ready.gov is a great Management Agency [FEMA], place to start. Most important is lis- “Coordinated efforts provided states, or nations. We also review tening to your local officials. If they hundreds of thousands of pounds plans regularly so the 18th AF and tell you to evacuate, please do it. of food, generators, hygiene kits, Expeditionary Center enterprises are You can rebuild homes and replace and medical supplies,” he said. ready to go when called.” belongings … but not families.” “JTF Matthew brought in more than 440 tons of supplies in the He added that the upfront In closing, Brig Gen Richoux first two weeks—but only because preparation helps Airmen respond emphasized how invaluable Airmen Mobility Airmen helped open the faster and more efficiently. Last are in natural disasters. airfield and enabled Army and year, during Hurricane Matthew, Marine helicopters and Ospreys assets were actually in place before “They make these missions happen because they are the best at what they do,” he added. “AMC, 18th Brig Gen Richoux says from 2005 through 2008, the mobility enterprise AF, Expeditionary Center, Guard, responded to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Ike, and Gustav by: and Reserve leadership are • Coordinating more than 1,500 sorties, immensely proud of them. They provide the skills, capabilities, and • Moving more than 25,000 passengers, professionalism you desperately • Evacuating more than 3,600 patients, and want when a disaster strikes—and they provide them quickly. When • Delivering more than 13 million pounds of gear and supplies. people see an American aircraft, When Super Storm Sandy hit in 2012, the mobility enterprise flew 342 they know help is coming. This sorties, moving 950 passengers and carrying more than 7.6 million hurricane season, we are again ready pounds of gear and supplies. to respond to whatever the weather may have in store.”

4 The Mobility Forum So Long, Fellow Airmen

By COL MICHAEL SEILER, AMC Director of Safety

t has been a dream to be part of Safety is about the We are working toward an incred- an incredible safety team and see culture of a unit or ible safety culture applauded firsthand its positive impact. We Air Force-wide that has come have come a long way from the organization. from outstanding AMC leader- Idays of reactive safety. We have tran- ship throughout the years. Gen sitioned to a proactive stance because Everhart and his staff back us; they of trends and overarching mishap It is a fallacy to base progress of a embrace all the requirements and themes. We know the “why” and safety program on A, B, or C mishap invest both the time and funding now strive not to repeat past mistakes numbers alone. Safety is about the for proactive safety. The results as we execute our present missions. culture of a unit or organization. If from that dedication for the entire everyone in the unit understands MAJCOM are evident and con- In the future, we will lead the charge what proactive safety means, you tinue to gain momentum. with a greater understanding of are marching in the right direction, proactive safety using tools such as regardless of numbers. A unit can The AMC safety staff that continues Ops RAMS, Aviation Safety Action have zero mishaps but it is set up to support and develop the safety Program (ASAP), Military Flight for tragedy if there is not a culture of culture is unparalleled. I have the Operations Quality Assurance safety. Compare this to a unit with greatest admiration for their tireless (MFOQA), and Line Operations mishaps that is attacking the issues efforts. They—and the people who Safety Audit (LOSA). Commercial and has a firm safety culture. You support them—work tirelessly to airlines and the entire Air Force will can’t simply look at numbers without improve the safety culture and look to AMC for groundbreaking tackling prevention. foster the proactive environment information gleaned from aerial we know and benefit from today. port LOSAs. We have also applied We must also understand that safety science to quantifying the safety will never be a zero-risk operation. Safety is about what we do as a culture through the use of the Air The safety and security of this nation team. It has been an honor and Force Combined Mishap Reduction does not depend on us operating privilege to serve with this team— System (AFCMRS). This inside- missions with zero risk. However, with all the outstanding Americans out vantage point survey does not practicing good judgment and risk who stepped up every time they provide raw numbers but provides mitigation will accomplish the were tapped on the shoulder. indicators of positive or negative victory, which we know happens points in the culture. every day. So long and fly safe!

Summer 2017 5 My Pride is All That Hurt I never thought it could happen By IDENTITY PROTECTED to me, BUT IT DID! ASAP SUBMITTER

here I was … flying a local After about 15 minutes of discussion donning/doffing NVGs, C-17 night vision goggle of what happened, what led to gaining up/down HUDs, and (NVG) training sortie at it, and how to prevent it from managing displays. All of this our auxiliary field. After happening again, I ensured that all combined to create a situation Tperforming several tactical arrivals crew members were comfortable on the downwind leg where and approaches in a busy traffic and had the right state of mind I was incorrectly prioritizing pattern, I was shocked when, on to continue training. During the the pattern and profile short final, the Ground Proximity sortie debrief after we landed, we management versus aircraft Warning System (GPWS) announced continued to analyze what led up to configuration. Numerous ATC “TOO LOW, GEAR!” this potentially disastrous situation. communications and advisory calls between me and other I immediately called “go around” First, the root cause was the failure aircraft drew my attention away and we broke out of the pattern in to properly accomplish and complete from the basic tasks I had as the accordance with the “Time Out” plan the Before Landing Checklist. It Aircraft Commander and Pilot I included in our sortie pre-brief. We wasn’t until we were descending on Monitoring. went into holding VFR and talked final with the gear retracted and the about what happened and how we GPWS shouted “TOO LOW, GEAR” i Complacency/Expectation let CRM break down to the point that we realized it. But what were of Performance. I had biased that we failed to lower our gear. As the contributing factors? expectations of student a group—me, a highly experienced performance. I’ve flown with instructor in the right seat; a i Task Saturation. It was a the student in the pilot’s seat moderately experienced copilot in full pattern with opposite numerous times, and I felt I the left seat; two newbie copilots in direction departures, arrivals had a good gauge for his level the additional crewmember (ACM) off instrument procedures, of performance. When he was seats; and our loadmaster—we had and aircraft breaking out and flying, I focused less on pattern not completed the Before Landing re-entering. We were also at mechanics and more on profile Checklist, which put us in a position the transition time from day to management and de-confliction to potentially land gear up! night and we were constantly compared to the level of close

6 The Mobility Forum RISK MANAGEMENT

My ego was bruised after the event, but I submitted an Aviation Safety Action Report (ASAP) because I wanted to help prevent other crews from doing the same thing.

the effectiveness of the backup to lower the gear until warned by provided by additional pilots the Terrain Awareness and Warning from the ACM seats. System (TAWS) and/or GPWS. In one case, the aircrew received a i Communication Errors. En route TAWS alert at 800 feet. The crew to our training airfield, I placed believed it was a false alert and the seatbelt lights to “auto” so turned the system off, only to receive they would only illuminate the GPWS warning at 300 feet! The when the gear was down. I ASAPs were spread out over the mentioned this to the loadmaster year, with three in April (all different A C-17 Globemaster III assigned to the as another avenue of backing us events), two in June (same event, but 535th AS, , glides past Waianae up, but this is an older technique two different crew members), and Range as it prepares to land at Wheeler not used by many pilots and the one in October. Army Airfield, Hawaii. intent was missed. In addition, u.s. ArMy Photo by ssgt ArMAndo r. liMon repetitive pattern sorties can While pre-briefing the AMC Vice be mind-numbingly dull for Commander, Maj Gen Sharpy, for loadmasters, and it’s tough to the quarterly Trend Review and monitoring I expected with stay vigilant and monitor crew Action Committee in February my next two students. For communications. There was 2017, the Ops RAMS team briefed the other pilots on this sortie, a question about whether the these seven ASAPs and mentioned the dangerous assumption Before Landing Checklist was a comment I shared when initially is that senior, experienced heard to be completed, and it contacted in January of 2016, that I pilots don’t make mistakes. wasn’t challenged. spend more time at our aux field on I’ve yet to fly a perfect sortie. NVGs than anyone else at my base Multiple repetitions in the VFR My ego was bruised after the event, and “if it can happen to me, it can pattern can lead to confusion but I submitted an Aviation Safety happen to anyone …” Gen Sharpy as to whether or not checks are Action Report (ASAP) because I was impressed with my willingness completed, and the halo effect wanted to help prevent other crews to admit that I made the mistake for can lull people into thinking from doing the same thing. If the the betterment of others. He asked the IP won’t miss anything that only thing damaged that day was them if I’d write an article, and I seemingly basic. my pride, it was still a good day. immediately agreed. i Knowledge Errors. One of the So, why am I writing this article? I Not only does this allow me to ACMs noted during our debrief provided my contact information continue to advocate for flight that the gear lights were so dim when I filed my ASAP, and the Ops safety and increase awareness for during the transition from day RAMS team chief contacted me other crews, it confirms to me that to NVG ops that he incorrectly right after the submission to thank Just Culture exists at the highest thought the gear lights were me for the ASAP. He thought other levels of AMC leadership and deactivated by the internal instructors could use it as a lesson that the spirit of ASAP is being NVG light switch. The gear was plan, and he reiterated that my honored. My ASAP was also used down on previous patterns, and identity would be protected outside in the third quarter phase training this knowledge error created of his immediate office. My event guide for all C-17 crews. I urge all the impression in his mind that occurred in January 2016. But then of you to never hesitate to submit the gear lights weren’t visible six more ASAPs followed in 2016 for an ASAP. You could prevent the during NVG ops, decreasing the same thing: a C-17 crew failing next serious accident.

Summer 2017 7 Aviation Ground Operation Mishaps:

By MR. LALO MAYNES, Four-Year Indicators HQ AMC Flight Safety

oday I want to share some highly qualified personnel from 6 percent of the AGO mishaps that AMC mishap information dozens of career fields. resulted in injuries. from the four-year period of fiscal year 2012 through By comparing these mishaps, AMC/ Wing Tfiscal year 2016. It is kind of like SEF identifies trends on which to Based on the nature of air mobil- the five W’s (who, what, when, focus safety efforts. If a trend is ity operations, the accounting where, and why) with some observed, we investigate why the wing where the injured person was bonus information. Specifically, it same mishaps are recurring and assigned can differ from the location represents mishaps that include what can be done to mitigate the where the mishap occurred. Consider physical injuries sustained by risks or prevent recurrence. (What that 60 AMW had 19 percent of the maintenance technicians in the follows is simple data; it does not total injuries, 436 AW had 12 percent, following fields: 2A (aircraft indicate substandard performance.) 62 AW had 9 percent, 19 AW suffered maintenance), 2T (transportation 8 percent, and the 305 AMW had 7 specialists), and 1A (aircrew). By Of the 542 injuries, AMC experienced percent of the 542 injuries. highlighting Aviation Ground 390 Class D AGO mishaps and 152 Operation (AGO) mishaps to Class C AGO mishaps. Fortunately, Aircraft Fleet commanders, flight chiefs, and there were no Class A or B mishaps. Airframe plays an important role front-line supervisors, my request is in trend analysis and provides that you will work with Airmen to Who valuable information to determine help reverse the trends associated The most injured, according to career risk associated with certain weapon with these mishaps and the field, were crew chiefs (161 systems. An AGO injury mishap resulting injuries. injured, or 29 percent of the 542 rate was calculated by using the mishaps). Next were tanker crew number of mishaps in each fleet In all, AMC personnel experienced chiefs at 9 percent, followed by and then dividing by the number 542 AGO injuries during the four-year propulsion specialists at 7 percent, of aircraft in that fleet to calculate period. By definition, an AGO mishap and hydraulics at 5 percent. A1Cs a rate per aircraft. C-5s sustained involves DoD aircraft with no intent suffered the most mishaps at 170 the highest injury rate per aircraft for flight that results in reportable (31 percent of the total), SrAs at 30 at 2.33, followed by the C-130s damage, injury, or fatality. Aircraft percent, and SSgts at 20 percent. By with a rate of 1.46. This indicates maintenance and aircraft operations age, the largest number of injuries maintainers suffered almost twice on the ground fall into this category. were to 22-year-olds (62 injuries, as many injuries on the C-5 than the Mishap classifications are determined or 11 percent of the total), followed next highest aircraft type. Third and by cost. The costliest is the Class A; by 21-year-olds at 10 percent, and fourth were C-17s at a rate of 1.42 the least costly is the Class E. 23-year-olds at 9 percent. and the KC-10 at 1.11.

Figure 1 breaks down each mishap Where When class by dollar threshold. In the Mishap location can be a critical A valuable category for AGO last four years, AMC did not have data point during trend analysis. mishap trend analysis is time of an AGO fatality; however, all of This metric supports the theory that day. Most safety professionals and the 542 injuries required a safety we would expect more mishaps at squadron leadership think night investigation and written report our larger operational installations. is more susceptible to injuries to capture the findings and any Travis AFB had 76 injuries (14 due to reduced lighting, fatigue, associated recommendations. percent of the total), Dover AFB had and circadian rhythm. However, Investigators were selected by the 9 percent, and Joint Base McGuire- day shift personnel suffered the appropriate Wg/CC to determine Dix-Lakehurst had 7 percent. The highest number of injuries at 294 what happened and make next highest mishap location was (54 percent). Night shift personnel recommendations to prevent similar in the deployed environment at Al suffered 37 percent; dawn had 3 future mishaps. Investigators are Udeid AB, Qatar, and accounted for percent, and dusk had 4 percent.

8 The Mobility Forum FLIGHT SAFETY FIGURE 1 FATALITY/ CLASS COST DISABILITY/INJURY Fatality or permanent A $2,000,000 or > total disability

B $500,000 or > but < $2,000,000 Or permanent partial disability

Injury or occupational illness with i Mental awareness (identified in C $50,000 or > but < $500,000 1 or more days off from work 126 mishaps). These are factors Injury or occupational illness not of an attention management D $20,000 or > but < $50,000 otherwise classified as A, B, or C or awareness failure that affect Does not meet A, B, C, or D but the perception or performance E None deemed important to investigate of individuals (e.g., not paying attention, fixation, or distraction).

Task Performed 7. Tires/Wheels/Brakes resulted in i Judgment and decision-making This is a challenging metric because 20 injuries of the 542. errors (111 injuries). These ground handling and serving factors occur when an individual operations encompass many aircraft Body Part injured proceeds as intended, yet the maintenance tasks and subfields. A total of 15 body parts were plan proves inadequate or I categorized 38 tasks as ground injured. There were 165 head or inappropriate for the situation handling and identified the top seven cranium injuries (excluding the (e.g., an “honest mistake”). tasks that resulted in the most injuries eyes). The digits (fingers) suffered (this includes aircrew, maintenance, 75 injuries, while back injuries i Performance-based error (identi- and transportation career fields). numbered 68. Additionally, AMC fied in 29 injuries). These factors personnel suffered 33 hand, 20 eye, occur when a specific action is 1. Cargo Loading/Unloading - and 19 knee injuries. performed in a manner that leads AMC personnel suffered 112 to a mishap (e.g., checklist or pro- mishaps, or 20 percent of the 542. Why cedures not followed correctly). Of note, AMC had more loading Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) reflected mishaps (76) than unloading (36). similar findings to previous data. Prevention/Mitigation STFs caused 147 injuries (27 percent Proactive safety efforts will lead 2. Ascending/Descending the of mishaps), which resulted in 258 to mishap reduction and ensure Aircraft Ladder - This task convalescent days off—days where we maintain our most critical accounted for 52 injuries (or 9 per- Airmen were not supporting the resources: people! At AMC we're cent of the total). Further analysis mission due to the recovery process. looking forward to the first Line reveals that 18 injuries happened Although we sustained more head Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) in while ascending the aircraft ladder injuries, they only resulted in 76 maintenance, tentatively scheduled and 35 while descending. convalescent days off. My advice for the summer of 2017. If I haven’t to commanders, flight chiefs, and identified your career field, please 3. Performing Maintenance front-line supervisors is to focus on contact me and I will determine Inspections - AMC personnel reducing STFs and head injuries, as trends associated with your suffered 51 injuries on this task. these have huge consequences for functional area. Airmen and the mission. Tell your 4. Engine Maintenance was personnel to slow down and take AMC continues to lead the Air Force the highest subcategory for appropriate measures while descend- in proactive safety on behalf of inspections, with 36 injuries. ing or ascending aircraft ladders and mishap prevention, but we can’t do maintenance stands, and while work- it without your help. It only takes 5. Walking under the aircraft ing inside the cargo bay of aircraft. one Airman or supervisor to lose resulted in 27 injuries. focus or ignore tech data or deviate Human Factors from training—suddenly, lives are 6. Tooling (working with tools) was Of the 542 mishaps, our investigators put at risk. Our people and aircraft an area of concern. An example identified human factors as causal to provide rapid global mobility 24 of this type of AGO mishap is, the injury in 338 or 62 percent of the hours a day, 365 days a year. Please “the tool slipped and struck the mishaps. The top three human factor help us accomplish this dynamic, worker’s head” (25 injuries). elements are: challenging mission safely!

Summer 2017 9 the load plan. After a joint inspection at the airfield, personnel upload Rota's Multimodal Transport is a Joint everything onto the C-5. Effort of Multiple Branches and Nations From Rota, the helos are flown downrange and unloaded because they are, as Foy explained, By MS. KIM BRUMLEY, Staff Writer AMC operations planning teams— “Completing the life cycle of getting including the 18th AF, TACC, and the helicopters to the fight.” hat is a multimodal transport? TRANSCOM—began preparing This term simply means months earlier. When the downrange At the downrange location, crews more than one form of Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB) go into a rest period, but another Wtransportation; in this completes a 15-month deployment, is waiting to take over and keep case, for the multimodal transport the personnel and equipment the mission going. Equipment at Naval Station Rota, Spain, it is come home, and another CAB with from the outgoing CAB is loaded, moving cargo by air and sea. equipment comes in with no lapse in and the second crew brings combat capability. another load to Rota, where Mission Commander for the Rota personnel download and prepare Multimodal Trans Load Operation, The multimodal transport that the helos for loading onto a ship Lt Col John D. Foy, explained that occurred during my visit started in for return to the United States. what they do there requires using Tacoma, Washington, where the 16th Military Sealift Command ships for Infantry Division CAB’s helos had The process runs like a well-oiled the nautical miles and Air Mobility been loaded onto a ship, which then machine, but leadership is not so Command (AMC) C-5 aircraft for sailed to Naval Station Rota. This focused on deadlines that they the airlift. The multimodal method is one of the few places where the overlook safety. saves the Army roughly 50 million seaport and the airfield are within dollars per “relief in place/transfer the same fence line. This means “With any operation,” Foy of authority” (RIP/TOA) versus the equipment coming off the ships is explained, “especially one with so cost of flying all the equipment from towed to the airfield with no break many joint partners and units from the United States. But the transition in security. Crews then mark, weigh, different branches, we do our best to is no easy task. and tape it, plus verify it matches minimize risks. Sacrificing safety is

10 The Mobility Forum SAFETY CULTURE

Opposite page, left to right: Personnel unloading helicopter from a C-5 at Naval Station Rota; Mission Commander for the Rota Multimodal Trans Load Operation, Lt Col John D. Foy.

This page, photo, top: Navy ships anchored in the port at Naval Station Rota.

Photo, bottom: Army Combat Aviation Brigade helicopters awaiting transport.

Photos by KiM bruMley

THE ROTA MULTIMODAL TRANS not worth an on-time takeoff.” Rota command and control, and LOAD OPERATION does multimodal missions twice a aerial port in place to facilitate INCLUDED year with no significant mishaps. TRANSCOM’s global mission. 42 total missions: During the previous two transports, “Planes have to land all over the • 21 into Rota and 21 Foy observed the activities as world, so we’ve prepositioned assets downrange the group director of operations. and stationed people in strategic This time, however, was his locations to catch the aircraft, handle 21 missions in cargo: first as commander for the Rota the aircrews, upload and download, • 29 helos multimodal, and he is grateful and work the entire mission with the wing entrusted him with the the velocity that’s required. Here, • 101 tricons (containers) tremendous responsibility. the first CAB has been in theater • 12 pallet trains (three for 15 months, so it is important to pallets together) “I’ve got a fantastic team from the complete the multimodal mission 725th Air Mobility Squadron sta- and get them home to their families. • 6 rolling stock (trucks/ tioned here and the augmenters It’s a great opportunity to show what vehicles) from Dover and Travis, the 515th we can do—how we can shine for 21 missions out: Air Mobility Operations Wing in AMC and accomplish something the Pacific, and 521st Air Mobility important for the Army so they can • 54 helos Operations Wing in Europe,” said go home,” said Foy. • 64 tricons Foy. “All six wings who supplied personnel want the same thing—to Rapid global mobility is a feat AMC Manpower: do the mission and do it well. It was a can accomplish because of dedicated • 107 people from 6 wings seamless integration of effort between Airmen who fly the planes and active duty and reserve Air Force, work on the flight lines, those in • 200 people already U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, Spanish Navy, command and control who ensure in place at Rota and and contractors. It’s truly a joint effort each mission is organized and on downrange of multiple branches and nations.” time, and personnel in supply and Aircraft: maintenance who keep the planes He added that Rota is a fixed flying. It is truly a group effort, both • 3 C-5’s from Dover presence with maintenance, stateside and worldwide.

Summer 2017 11 Aerial Port LOSAs Increase Safety, Efficiency

By CAPT ALAN FOOTE, HQ AMC/A4TR

Aerial Port LOSA Observer TSgt Todd West (of the 730 round the clock, a near AMS) performing an observation. constant stream of trucks offload cargo at Air Mobility Command’s The observer determines if the is tailored to the unique environment A(AMC’s) aerial ports. In the receiving team manages these threats and tasks associated with the Air area, a forklift carefully eases a properly or if the threats result Transportation career field. massive generator off a truck while in errors, such as improperly delivery vans drop off letters and configured cargo, unsafe operation Recently, 12 competitively selected small parcels, another vehicle brings of equipment and vehicles, or air freight noncommissioned cylinders of hazardous chemicals, incorrect communication and data officers received specialized and a flatbed carries boxes of entry. By watching aerial porters’ observer training at Scott Air helicopter blades fresh from the natural responses to these threats Force Base, Illinois. They then depot. Every day, proud Port Dawg and errors, the observer sees if traveled to selected aerial ports; teams around the globe verify cargo any undesired states or increased they anonymously documented the eligibility for airlift, build pallets potential for mishaps result. The management of threats and errors to various aircraft specifications, observer documents this threat within those ports, and sent the data sequence cargo onto 60K Tunner and error management in a non- to the LOSA Collaborative. After loaders, and load cargo onto attributional and non-reprisal the thousands of data points are military and commercial aircraft for manner, and then submits to a analyzed, a comprehensive report movement to its destination. neutral third party contractor, the is prepared and the AMC vice LOSA Collaborative. commander is briefed on how aerial In the midst of this action, a ports are experiencing safety risk. professionally trained aerial port Gathering this data is a milestone for Line Operations Safety Audit a new initiative within AMC. Over After the outbrief, the AMC (LOSA) observer identifies safety the past year, the Air Transportation commander may convene a safety threats to Air Transportation and Division program managers investigation board to further Traffic Management personnel. joined forces with the command’s analyze the data and make The observer spots vehicle choke Flight Safety Office and the LOSA recommendations to reduce mishap points, environmental factors, Collaborative, who already execute potential to our Airmen, aircraft, improperly weighed cargo, LOSAs for the Mobility Air Force and equipment. The goal is to create incorrectly positioned loads, and pilots, loadmasters, and boom safer, more efficient aerial ports and task interruption stressors that may operators. Building on the success of enhance rapid global mobility across lead to errors. these audits, the aerial port version the enterprise.

12 The Mobility Forum Critical Days of Summer By MR. WAYNE BENDALL, HQ AMC 2017 Occupational Safety and Health Manager emorial Day weekend and is key to our mission success death to Air Force members, with officially kicked off the and the safety of our personnel. the most common factors being start of AMC’s Critical alcohol and fatigue. Many times, Days of Summer safety Being a good wingman means more swimmers overextend themselves Mcampaign that runs through the than just being a bystander. Good by exceeding their physical Labor Day weekend. This summer wingmen must speak up if they capabilities, a hazard compounded period historically exposes our see a friend, family member, or by alcohol. Together, water and Airman to greater risks, as the co-worker doing something that just alcohol form a deadly combination. activity level at many locations doesn’t pass the logic test. increases dramatically. The theme The 2017 summer months will offer this year is “SAY SOMETHING.” “Each year, the Air Force loses lives countless opportunities to enjoy A moment’s hesitation to speak up to preventable mishaps,” says Gen various activities. We encourage could result in a catastrophe. Everhart. “If someone had identified everyone to do just that! These the hazard, interrupted a flawed same months will offer increased General Carlton D. Everhart II, decision chain, or had the courage risks that claim the lives of Air AMC Commander, and Chief to say something, one of our own Force Airmen annually. Master Sergeant Shelina Frey, AMC might still be with us.” Command Chief, kicked off the Think about this for a moment. campaign with a video, sharing Speaking of which, we were very The next time you notice some- their thoughts on personal risk fortunate last year in AMC to enjoy thing unsafe, whether it is a management and sound decision- our second fatality free campaign passenger in your car not wearing making. In addition to the video, season. Let’s shoot for back-to-back a seatbelt, or a co-worker perform- AMC Safety provided guides success stories this year! ing a task without proper fall to spark discussions in small protection, or a friend at a party group settings. We also provided Unfortunately, six Air Force mem- about to drive home after consum- campaign flyers and short, comical bers lost their lives during the ing alcohol, whatever the case may videos designed to entertain while campaign last year. Alcohol was be ... will you have the courage to conveying the importance of a factor in five of them, and three say something? speaking up when the situation were the result of motor vehicle mis- warrants it. haps—the leading cause of death “You might be the very last line of to our Airmen. Other factors that defense to prevent a tragic mishap,” In the Air Force, we promote the contribute to mishaps include exces- commented Chief Frey. “wingman concept,” which origi- sive speed, fatigue, and distractions. nated in the flying community and Please, when faced with the choice evolved into simply taking care of Water sports are historically the to speak up or remain silent—SAY each other. It is a part of our history second leading cause of accidental SOMETHING!

Summer 2017 13 1. Choose a meaningful goal. Use the SMART method to set your goal: i Specific—Describe in detail exactly what it is you want to achieve. The more detail, the better the results.

i Measurable—Develop benchmarks and tools you will use to mea- Steps sure your progress. 7to Setting and i Attainable—Identify goals that you have the skills and ability to achieve. Reaching Your i Realistic—Be realistic about the time, money, resources, and skills Safety Goal required to achieve your goal. i Timely—Create a timeline and a reasonable deadline for achieving the goal. By MS. RUTH ANN REPLOGLE, Staff Writer 2. Determine your current strengths and weaknesses. Just a reminder, strengths are things you’re good at, and weaknesses are things you have difficulty doing. Know your limitations, too. Recognizing what your limitations are will help you strategize your goals better. any of us make resolu- 3. Identify hurdles. Think about things that may hinder you from tions to better ourselves achieving your goal. These may require immediate energy, effort, and and, many times, those attention to overcome. resolutions fall by the Mwayside within a week or two. Make a plan to address those hurdles. Set smaller short-term goals 4. to overcome hurdles so you can get closer to your overall goal. These It’s not uncommon to set personal goals can be daily, weekly, the next six weeks, the next three months, the goals and then become discouraged next six months, and so on. Achieving those short-term goals will lead when you don’t see results to “quick wins” and keep your morale high. immediately. The same goes for work. It’s easy to get inspired or 5. Focus on one short-term goal at a time. Create daily to-do lists of motivated and then get back into a steps that will build on one another to accomplish your ultimate goal. rut days later. 6. Be flexible and positive. As with life, you will face setbacks. That’s The reason most goals fail is when you take a deep breath and keep going. Post visual reminders in because either the goals are too your office area or on your smartphone of the long-term goal to keep broad and lack focus or the goals you motivated. It also helps to make your goal public to co-workers, are too narrow and require other your squadron, or your unit so others can hold you accountable and components to be successful. cheer you on. If you get off track, don’t give up! Every step counts, no matter how small. Hang in there because days become weeks and weeks The key to achieving any goal? become months. Before you know it, you’ve accomplished your goal. Baby steps. 7. Keep a record of your progress. Tracking your successes will inspire you to press on. Share accomplishments with your wingmen, and celebrate triumphs along the way.

14 The Mobility Forum When you’re in a slump, Getting Out of Your you’re not in for much fun. Un-slumping yourself is not easily done.

– Dr. Seuss

Slump By MS. RUTH ANN REPLOGLE, Staff Writer

ay after day, week after week, month after month. It’s easy to fall into a routine and become complacent. Complacency, of course, can lead to disaster. Moreover, if you’ve been firing on all cylinders, giving 100 percent all the time on the job, D you’re likely depleting your inner batteries. You may even find your mood taking a nosedive but you’re not sure why. If any of this sounds familiar, it’s time to stop the madness and reassess your daily routine.

HERE ARE NINE HEALTH HACKS TO RECHARGE AND REFUEL YOURSELF:

1. Eat better. That means staying away 6. Laugh. Laughing not only lifts your from the vending machine and snack mood, it burns calories, too. Smiling bar. Take a hint from ChooseMyPlate. makes you feel better, plus it can gov, and up your servings of fruits and boost morale in your office. veggies to half your plate at every meal.

2. Drink water. It’s possible to get 7. Sleep more. Airmen who slouch on dehydrated just sitting in your chair. Your sleep end up slouching on the job. body—including your brain—is 70 percent Your brain gets sluggish and less water, so you need to be rehydrating alert when you don’t give it a rest. your system every day. Invest in a sturdy Experts recommend at least eight refillable water bottle so you can monitor hours per night. your daily intake.

3. Move. Go outside, wander around 8. Unplug. We know your smartphone in the building, or jog in place. is your best bud, but sometimes you need to power down. Instead of sending an email, walk over to your co-worker’s desk and chat.

4. Take a break. It is easy to get so focused 9. Relax. Just like you prioritize your you forget what time it is. Set your day at work, make time on your smartphone’s alarm to alert you to move calendar for some fun after hours or every couple of hours. on the weekend.

5. Prioritize. Rack and stack and tackle Slumps can make you feel stuck or drained. Make what’s on top. Changing up your sure to take time out for yourself, using one or schedule helps break the monotony. more of the suggested hacks. And set goals (see page 14 for how to However, if your slump persists, consider talking to do that). your unit’s chaplain.

Summer 2017 15 Teddy Manning (left), 375th Logistics Readiness Squadron (LRS) chief of per- sonal property, and SSgt Joshua Meyer, 375th LRS vehicle operations control center NCOIC, show the different itera- tions of the Meyer’s Bar as it has been continuously tweaked at Scott AFB, Ill.

usAF Photo by srA JoshuA eiKren Airman’s Invention for Safer Hitch Bar Could Affect Entire Trucking Industry

By SRA JOSHUA EIKREN, 375 AMW Public Affairs

here’s an innovative idea the hitch; however, their tractor’s to change,” said Meyer. “The main from a Scott Air Force Base crossbar wasn’t rated to support the reason I designed it was to ensure the Airman that could affect the gooseneck and consequently bent in safety of our personnel and anyone Tentire trucking industry. the process. who operates these types of trailers.” The “Meyer’s Bar,” nicknamed after After witnessing repeated crossbar Marrying the previous design its inventor, SSgt Joshua Meyer, is failings, Meyer began to experiment materials and using the strengths of a five-foot reinforced steel bar that with various materials, such as one to shore up the weaknesses of has been constructed to support a treated wood and steel, to reinforce the other seemed like a productive lowboy trailer’s hydraulic gooseneck the gooseneck, but all broke under solution to Meyer, so he purchased hitch to prevent it from bending. the pressure when used. the necessary supplies from a local hardware store and began Before Meyer’s innovative idea, he “During one mission to support construction of the Meyer’s Bar. and others in the 375th Logistics a presidential movement, the bar Readiness Squadron’s (LRS) vehicle slipped and caused one of our During the process, Teddy operations section depended on operators to fracture his thumb. Manning, 375th LRS chief of the tractor’s crossbar to support After that, I knew something needed personal property, saw the bar and

16 The Mobility Forum AMC NEWS

offered to help design and weld the final creation. Manning provided design pointers and suggestions to eliminate structural flaws on the original prototype.

He also reached out to people he knew to acquire the materials needed at less cost, as well as tweaking the original design, resulting in a much tighter and durable product.

Manning explained, “I thought Meyer had a wonderful idea. When he contacted the General Services Administration to gather a cost analysis to retrofit the current fleet Photo above: Teddy Manning positions the Meyer’s Bar onto the hitch of the lowboy. Manning of trucks to correct the issue, he was assisted in the creation of the Meyer’s Bar, using his welding skills to create Meyer’s vision out informed it would be over $10,000 of steel instead of lumber. per truck. We retrofitted for less Photo below: SSgt Joshua Meyer lifts the Meyer’s Bar onto the hitch of the lowboy. than $100. The impact of his idea usAF Photos by srA JoshuA eiKren has saved the government tens of thousands of dollars and has impacted the Air Force as a whole.”

The current bar is made out of two five-foot steel beams; it has handles at each end and rubber pads for grip on the bottom. There is also a square tube on the front to maintain better contact with the trailer’s hydraulic arm. The length eliminates the risk of getting hands caught in the pinch point.

“I was unsure how it would operate initially due to it being a prototype design,” Meyer said. “However, after numerous successes and setbacks, it is performing exactly as it was “This is shaping up to be an impor- it proves there are still Airmen designed to do. We are still tweaking tant safety device for operation of out there who see a problem and the project and making continual lowboy trailers,” Meyer said. “The provide a solution. Instead of changes to be sure the Meyer’s Bar is broad scope of use for this prod- saying ‘oh well,’ (Meyer) asked a quality piece of equipment.” uct is staggering to me. It has the himself what he could do to fix potential to impact assets—and more the problem.” Meyer explained that the safety importantly, the lives of the men concern of the lowboy trailers is and women using those assets—in Meyer was also recognized an issue throughout the military. my career field, others in the Air by the 375th Air Mobility He believes his invention will be Force, and across the Department Wing commander, Col Laura beneficial to others, which is why of Defense and civilian sectors. I am Lenderman, as an ICE Airman for he contacted the Air Force’s Airmen humbled and ecstatic by that.” his Innovation, Communication, Powered by Innovation program and Excellence with solving this about the bar, and they were Manning added that “innovations issue for the unit and possibly the interested in hearing more about it. like these are important because entire trucking industry.

Summer 2017 17 combatant commands and the joint replace the requirement for an IDO community. Therefore, UDMs must to develop and provide additional be fully trained to prepare their units UDM training that outlines require- for the mission. ments, processes, and procedures UNIT unique to the host MAJCOM and On any given day, over 4,000 UDMs installation (AFI 10-403, paragraph DEPLOYMENT ensure unit members are ready 1.8.6.14). Most IDOs direct WBT as to deploy, brief work centers on a mandatory training requirement upcoming deployment/exercise for their UDMs, after which the IDO MANAGER requirements, monitor personnel provides additional unit or base deployment eligibility, and support specific training. ARE YOU personnel coming home through the redeployment support process. The WBT is broken down into three modules: Basics, LOGMOD, and MISSION Training: Preparing for Simulator. In the Basics, students the Assignment learn about UDM duties, key person- Ultimately, it is the responsibil- nel, personnel and cargo readiness, READY? ity of the Installation Deployment unit type code management, rede- Officer (IDO) to train all assigned ployment, and reintegration. In the UDMs. However, the 423d lends second module, students will learn considerable support to IDOs the LOGMOD system—common By MS. JANET PURDY, Staff Writer through online, web-based training task, maintaining personnel, cargo, (WBT). As the demand and extent of and deployment data. Students then training needs grew, the 423d was test to see how well they navigate compelled to move from an in-resi- various scenarios in a training simu- dence course for the entire Air Force lator. Here, students are confronted to the WBT. Ultimately directed by with verifying their unit’s manning a CORONA initiative (gathering of positions, in-processing new person- the Air Forces most senior leaders nel, inspecting cargo, receiving a to sort out the most pressing issues tasking, and assigning personnel and confronting the force), the squad- equipment to support the tasking. he 423d Mobility Training ron’s team of instructors created Squadron (423 MTS) has the WBT that currently resides on The intensive self-paced course made it easier than ever the AMC Gateway of Advanced takes approximately 20 hours to to serve in one of the Distributed Learning Service site at complete and is accredited by the Tmost critical positions for today’s https://goo.gl/cVqA1m. Community College of the Air Force. expeditionary environment, a unit Once students complete the online deployment manager (UDM). The The WBT provides a foundational training, they can pursue credit by responsibility for the readiness, level of training to newly assigned passing a proctored exam at their deployment, and reintegration Air Force UDMs but does not base education office. of personnel and equipment lies within the duties of this position. The UDM ensures Airmen are KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE UDM prepared and fully equipped for • Knowing deployment guidance (various AFIs) joint services support. • Interacting with agencies on base involved in the deployment The UDMs are appointed by their process (i.e., unit commander, installation deployment officer, unit Unit Commander and are a key training manager, MAJCOM functional area manager, first sergeant, component for the ultimate success key spouse, etc.) or failure of a unit’s deployment program. Mission readiness has a • Maintaining applicable databases (logistics module, computer direct influence on the air and space system accessed via AF portal) expeditionary forces—how the Air • Deploying cargo and personnel in response to the unit Force presents its forces to theater

18 The Mobility Forum AMC NEWS

SSgt Ryan Maxey, a 41st AS C-130J loadmaster and unit deployment manager, stands in front of a C-130 J at Little Rock AFB, Ark. Maxey was recognized as Combat Airlifter of the Week for excelling as a loadmaster and aiding fellow Airmen throughout their deployment processes.

usAF Photo by srA hArry brexel Ensure mission readiness! Start your online UDM training today!

Looking Ahead – IDO Course: In-residence course deployment taskings (assign people UDM Advancements that teaches students (21Rs - to requirements). DCAPES is the As the 423 MTS is always focusing Logistics Readiness Officers, system the AF uses to communicate on continuous improvement Active/Guard/Reserve/Civilian with the joint community regarding efforts, it evaluates feedback equivalent) how to develop criti- AF requirements. from program participants and cal thinking skills for the roles/ implements changes, as necessary. responsibilities for pre-deploy- LOGFAC [Logistics Feasibility For example, the 423d plans to start ment, deployment execution, Analysis Capability] Course: Both offering periodical webinars via personnel reception, and redeploy- a WBT and an in-residence course Defense Collaboration Services, ment process. As stated earlier, the used at the base and MAJCOM level giving students working on primary individual responsible to develop and analyze support modules the opportunity to ask the for training UDMs at an installa- sustainment requirements in support course director questions directly. tion is the IDO. The online UDM of theater air campaigns. Additionally, the 423d is creating a training assists with foundational mobile application for your phone information, but the IDO provides that can be used as a reference guide, base-specific knowledge. outlining the curriculum material DID YOU KNOW? and identifying regulations via key LOGMOD Course: An in- In addition to serving your word search options. residence course in support of fellow Airmen in a critical wing deployments that teaches role, an additional benefit of About the 423 MTS 2Gs (enlisted Logistics Planner) being a UDM is that many The 423d Mobility Training advanced capabilities and how units recognize this position Squadron is part of the USAF to become Base Administrators as a special duty assignment Expeditionary Operations School at of the computer system. This and, therefore, you reside in Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst particular course offering is not an 8U000, non-deployable in NJ; the school’s mission is to intended for UDMs. manpower billet within the educate and train general purpose unit for two years. and Mobility Air Forces Personnel DCAPES [Deliberate and Crisis NOTE: If the unit does not across the range of expeditionary Action Planning and Execution earn an authorized 8U000 knowledge and skills. In addition Segments] in-residence courses: billet (due to mission/size), its to the UDM WBT, the schoolhouse Advanced – base and MAJCOM UDM typically resides as part offers various Logistics Readiness level personnel who build of the commander’s support training programs for students all deployment taskings; Base – base staff at the group/wing level. across the Air Force. level personnel who manage/fill

Summer 2017 19 20 The Mobility Forum Summer 2017 21 Having a Blast at Home 2. Purchase fireworks from reliable dealers. Buy fireworks only from licensed consumer fireworks dealers. They will only carry those products that meet standards set and enforced by the CPSC.

3. Know your fireworks. Read the labels and performance descriptions before igniting.

4. Avoid illegal explosives. They are like TNT—they don’t give you enough “fuse burn time” to get away before they explode. You can spot M-class fireworks, such as M-80s, M-100s, M-250s, M-1000s, cherry bombs, blockbusters, quarterpounders, and sparkler bombs because they will be primitive and without federally mandated warning labels. These illegal explosives were banned in 1966.

5. Do not alter or make your own fireworks. Unless you’ve trained with Pyrotechnic Guild By MS. RUTH ANN REPLOGLE, Staff Writer International, Inc., just don’t.

6. Have a ready source of water is the season you practice caution when setting close by. A full bucket and a for sparklers, off fireworks, then your big summer connected water hose are the firecrackers, and other bash should be tons of fun, right? It best. Assign someone to be “the illuminations. Summer will be—if you always follow these fireman” who is ready to engage ‘Tis also synonymous with ER visits, 15 safety measures from the National if an emergency occurs. permanent injuries, and home fires. Council on Fireworks Safety: More than 11,000 people require 7. Be aware of the weather medical treatment every year thanks 1. Check out your local laws and conditions. If there is a strong to fireworks-related incidents, obey them. Fireworks are explo- wind or the grass is too dry, you according to the U.S. Consumer sives regulated by the Bureau of should postpone. Product Safety Commission (CPSC). Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives in two categories: 8. Set off fireworks outdoors.You It is wise to leave the fireworks display fireworks (large fire- want a wide-open clear area to the experts. But maybe you’ve works for shows supervised by away from houses, buildings, been shooting off fountains and a trained pyrotechnician), and trees, bushes, and vehicles for spinners since you were a kid and consumer fireworks (small fire- your launch zone. Always try to think you’re a pro at backyard works sold at stands for personal shoot fireworks from a hard, flat, fireworks displays. No problem! use). Some city ordinances do level surface. Gravel and sand Most consumer fireworks are legal not permit consumer fireworks surfaces are unstable, and grass for purchase and use at home. If inside city limits. is flammable.

22 The Mobility Forum SEASONAL CONSIDERATIONS

9. Use care in handling fireworks. FIREWORKS TRIVIA NEVER carry fireworks in your • New Castle, Pennsylvania, home to many fireworks display companies, pocket or hold a lit firework is considered the Fireworks Capital of America. in your hand. Sparklers can reach 1,800 degrees. Be leery of • The first fireworks were green bamboo called “pas chuk” that were transporting in glass containers, thrown into fires to scare spirits away in ancient China. too. Position yourself as far from the product as possible • Gunpowder was accidentally discovered by a Chinese alchemist who and extend your arm out using mixed sulphur and salt peter (potassium nitrate) over a fire. a flare or an extended butane • Placing gunpowder into bamboo stalks and then throwing them lighting device. onto a fire to be ignited produced a louder and more powerful bang; hence, the firecracker was born. 10. Wear safety glasses. The professionals do. • Fireworks were used as warfare by attaching them to arrows. • Settlers brought fireworks to the United States during the 1600s. 11. Stay sober. Drink alcohol after the show is over if you • Fireworks became very popular in Great Britain during the reign must. Being intoxicated while of Queen Elizabeth I. She so enjoyed them that she created a “Fire lighting or handling fireworks Master of England” position in her court. puts you and everyone else at • The first Independence Day fireworks celebration was in 1777. risk for injury. • Static electricity in synthetic clothing can ignite fireworks. 12. Light one firework item at • Today, computers are used to control the launching of fireworks and a time and move quickly the synchronization of the aerial bursts with music during public away. You don’t want to fireworks displays. become a statistic. Source: Fireworks.com 13. Dispose spent and dud fireworks properly.Thoroughly soak them with water and then IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY place them in a sealed metal If someone is injured by fireworks during your home show: trash container stored outdoors and away from buildings and • If the person can be transported, immediately take him or her to a combustible materials. NEVER doctor or hospital. re-light a dud. H If an eye injury occurs, keep the victim from touching or rubbing it. Do not flush the eye with water or put any ointment on it. Instead, 14. Be considerate of others. cut out the bottom of a paper cup and place it around the eye to The noise and lights of the shield it until medical attention is received. fireworks can frighten some animals. Fireworks can H If someone is burned, remove clothing from the burned area and also cause combat Veterans run cool, not cold, water over the burn. Do not use ice. Leave it and people with PTSD to uncovered until medical attention is received. experience flashbacks. • If the person cannot be transported due to the severity of injuries, 15. Skip the home show … if you call 911. Do not move him or her unless directed to do so by a first can’t abide by ALL of these responder or paramedic. suggested safety measures. It’s better to be safe than sorry! Most areas host free public fireworks displays and might even have it choreographed to music.

Summer 2017 23 I Had Junk in My Trunk!

By MS. RITA HESS, Staff Writer

ix years ago this summer, our Back at home, I began to load and road trip without checking the condi- state was in a horrible heat organize our belongings in the tion of my tires. And I did check them! wave. I convinced my hus- vehicle so we could head out early The one I overlooked, however, was band we should take a short the next morning. That’s when I the spare. Imagine my horror when Svacation to the closest place with discovered a HUGE problem: I had I popped open the trunk lid and saw tolerable temperatures: ! junk in my trunk! a rotten spare tire. Yes, rotten! Large chunks of rubber were actually miss- We had been there before, but we Without telling my age, let’s just say I ing. I knew immediately we weren’t wanted to see something new this am old enough to know not to go on a leaving the driveway with that! time and, most importantly, go to a place that felt cool! Like most people anxious for time off, I did my AGING TIRES = INCREASED RISK homework. I went online and read According to the National • Address performance issues, reviews of touristy sights, and then Highway Traffic Safety such as tires that fail to contemplated places we might stay. Administration (NHTSA), most maintain proper pressure (they I downloaded maps and calculated drivers overlook tire aging, lose air) or those that make mileages from one spot to the next. which increases their risk of a I monitored temperatures at a few an unusual noise or cause crash. Aging occurs when the vibration while in use. of our hoped-for destinations and rubber and other components daydreamed about standing outside in a tire start to degrade over • Act immediately if your in a remote mountain town mid- time due to service, storage, and tire pressure monitoring afternoon with outspread arms and environmental conditions. A tire system alerts you that a simply saying, “Ahhhhh! This cool may have plenty of tread but still tire is underinflated. All air feels great!” be unsafe—a risk that increases 2008 or newer passenger under adverse conditions (wet or cars, light trucks, and My husband often works late, so slick roads). vans have this feature. I took an extra day off to get us ready to go. The day before we To decrease your risk of an aging • Replace tires that pass left, I neatly folded and placed tire-related accident: the vehicle manufacturer’s our clothing in the suitcase. I also • Inspect all tires monthly. Stop recommended tire packed a container with snacks using tires if the thread is worn replacement time. Check your and loaded some soft drinks into a down to a minimum depth, if vehicle owner’s manual for small ice chest. We planned to drive you see physical damage (cuts, more information. our new (to us) car—a 10-year-old cracks, bulges, etc.), or if you luxury sedan we purchased several • Be aware of your spare, which see signs of irregular wear or months earlier—as it got great is prone to aging because other damage due to under mileage and ran great. With a fresh owners seldom replace it. Even inflation or overloading. oil change, new wiper blades, and if you have a full-size spare the precise amount of air in the • Have tires rotated, balanced, tire, NHTSA recommends that tires, I took it to the car wash and and aligned as recommended you only use it in emergencies made sure it was spit shined and by your vehicle manufacturer. (e.g., a flat tire). ready to roll!

24 The Mobility Forum SAFETY CULTURE

Imagine my horror when I popped open the trunk lid and saw HOW OLD IS YOUR TIRE? a rotten spare tire. All tires have a Department Yes, rotten! Large of Transportation Tire chunks of rubber were Identification Number (TIN). To determine how old your actually missing. tire is, look for the TIN on your sidewall. The last four digits When my husband got home from who picked out and bought the car. indicate the week and year the work, we decided to simply take I am the one who always drove it, tire was manufactured. In the our other vehicle (a pickup truck)— and I am the one who was supposed example below, the TIN reads but not until we made sure the to have maintained it. Thus, I am the 2613, so the tire was made in spare was good! It was fine, so we one who should have checked (long the 26th week of 2013. Also, loaded up and began our otherwise before I did) to be certain I had a check the TIN on new tires uneventful (and pleasantly cool!) decent spare. But I didn’t. Don’t be before you buy to be sure journey to Colorado. too hard on me, either. Thankfully, it you are not purchasing tires all worked out, and nobody got hurt. that have been on a shelf or Now, before you judge my husband Please DO learn from my mistake, in storage and are already too harshly for the condition of the though. Never leave home with junk spare, I confess that I am the one in your trunk! old. Some vehicle and tire manufacturers recommend replacing tires at 6 to 10 years old, regardless of tread wear.

Summer 2017 25 By MS. RITA HESS, A ‘Good Guy’ Club Staff Writer

ost every motorcycle rider fulfilled a requirement to have a is responsible for 29 riders in his who serves in the military has motorcycle mentorship program that squadron. He serves as instructor at least heard of the Green didn’t exist before then. Here, it is and certifier for area riders and MKnights Military Motorcycle open to DoD active duty, guard, or ensures all riders on McChord Field Club (MMC), but some are even reserve, and DoD civilian retirees attend the Motorcycle Refresher more familiar with the group. In and spouses. We aren’t service Course training. His work in that the Pacific Northwest, for example, specific—in other words, we are not SSgt Adam Kies is the Motorcycle just an Air Force club. In fact, we Safety Representative for the 62nd recently helped start a chapter that is Photo above: Members of the Green Knights Maintenance Squadron at Joint primarily all Navy riders because it Military Motorcycle Club Chapter 3 pose Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) and was too far for them to travel for our for a picture at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, president of MMC at JBLM. monthly meetings.” Wash. The club focuses on motorcycle safety and mentorship to teach motorcycle riders of “Green Knights started at McGuire SSgt Kies, named 2016 Air Mobility all skill levels. Air Force Base,” he explains, “and Command RiderCoach of the Year, usAF Photo by A1c Keoni chAvArriA

26 The Mobility Forum MOTORCYCLE CULTURE

GREEN KNIGHTS MILITARY MOTORCYCLE became a truck driver, so members volunteered to store his bike while CLUB MISSION STATEMENT: he is gone.

Addressing the needs and concerns of military According to SSgt Kies, the and DoD civilian riders, through education, safety camaraderie continues between the knowledge, and the shared joy of riding. group at JBLM and other chapters, as well as with other motorcycle groups. He specifically called out the Red Knights (a firefighter motorcycle club) and the Blue Knights (police capacity obviously intertwines with miles from home, and other chapters officers). He says there is even an Green Knights activities. rallied. One guy put the bike on annual Knights of the Round Table a trailer and drove north for 200 meeting of all the ‘good guy’ clubs, “Here at McCord, several of our miles, and then put it on a different as he calls them. club members are motorcycle reps trailer, and so on all the way north for their squadrons, and we all to get the guy home. I think he got Green Knights groups’ frequent want the same thing—to bring in from Florida to New York with the participation in fundraising and new riders and young Airmen, take Green Knights.” In another example, charitable rides is further testament them under our wing, and teach a member who left the military to the character of the members. them how to ride properly so they are safe. We show them the ropes FOR MORE INFORMATION so they’re not out there doing 100 miles per hour or popping a wheelie Visit the JBLM Green Nights MMC Facebook page at www.facebook. down the highway.” com/GreenKnightsMMCChapter3. The Green Knights international organization—now 136 chapters worldwide—maintains a Facebook Even though he is an instructor, page at www.facebook.com/greenknightsinternationalmmc. Both SSgt Kies has learned a lot from the pages display information about rides and meetings, fundraisers, organization about group riding, club events, safety tips and videos, and other announcements or low-speed handling, and other skills items of interest. he continually practices and passes along to others.

“One refresher class, for example, is half a day on an obstacle course, and we ride out Highway 7 toward Mt. Rainer the second half of the day,” says SSgt Kies. “The ride back after lunch incorporates all of the skills that we cover throughout the day in the course—navigating tight corners, dealing with traffic, riding in a group, stopping, and all the other skills you need on a motorcycle.”

While the Green Knights members share a love of motorcycle riding, he says there is more to the group than meets the eye.

“We are also about camaraderie, mentorship, and taking care of each other,” he continues. “In one case, SSgt Adam Kies is the Motorcycle Safety Representative for the 62d Maintenance Squadron at someone broke down hundreds of Joint Base Lewis-McChord and president of the Green Knights there.

Summer 2017 27 Charting the History AIR FORCE ONE By MS. RITA HESS, Staff Writer of

ir Force One is an easily 1945. Months later, Roosevelt recognizable symbol that suffered a stroke and died. His represents American successor, Harry Truman, used leadership. Technically, the aircraft extensively for a few however,A it isn’t a single aircraft. years before replacing it in 1947 Instead, Air Force One is any aircraft with a C-118 Liftmaster he named carrying the U.S. president—a small the Independence after his but important detail, as many planes hometown. Its main cabin could seat have had that honor over the years. 24 passengers or be made into 12 sleeper berths. The aircraft looked Early Presidential Air Travel distinctly American, with a bald The first aircraft configured for eagle head painted on its nose and Top photo: The VC-137C Air Force One presidential use was a C-87A feathers painted on its tail. (SAM 26000) at the National Museum of the called Guess Where II, but safety on April 15, 2016. concerns restricted its use to Our next leader, President Dwight mostly White House staff. Its Eisenhower, introduced two usAF Photo by Ken lArocK replacement was a Douglas VC-54C Lockheed C-121 Constellations Middle photo: Douglas VC-54C “Sacred Skymaster nicknamed the Sacred (Columbine II and Columbine III). The Cow” at the National Museum of the United Cow. Modest by today’s standards, call sign Air Force One originated States Air Force. the unpressurized cabin had a under his command in 1953 when usAF Photo conference room, desk, lavatory, Columbine II, which was carrying Bottom photo: Lyndon B. Johnson takes the fold down bed, bulletproof window, Eisenhower, suddenly shared oath of office aboard Air Force One at Love and a refrigerator—a rare luxury in airspace with a commercial airliner Field Airport two hours and eight minutes the mid-1940s. An elevator allowed using the same call sign: 8610. In the after the assassination of John F. Kennedy in President Franklin Roosevelt to late 1950s, the Air Force added three Dallas, Texas. Jackie Kennedy (right), still in board the plane in his wheelchair. jets designated SAM her blood-soaked clothes, looks on. [Special Air Mission] 970, 971, and Sadly, his only flight aboard 972. Though retired from primary the Sacred Cow was to the Yalta service in 1962, they flew other Conference in Russia in February dignitaries for many years.

28 The Mobility Forum AMC HERITAGE Members from the 54th AS and the 73d AS have integrated into one team and are responsible for flying executive airlift for the United States’ key leadership and providing them with safe, comfortable, and reliable transportation. In 2016, the team traveled to 85 countries.

usAF Photo by tsgt MAriA cAstle

Into the History Books Air Force One planes have all played a role in history, but one was perhaps more significant than the others. When a VC-137C with the tail number 26000 was purchased for That flight also carried the to perform duties while airborne service, President John F. Kennedy President’s body back to Washington. if the United States was attacked. approved a new look and insignia— At his funeral a few days later in That is exactly what happened on striking blue and white colors, Arlington, Virginia, the pilot flew Air September 11, 2001, when a younger the words UNITED STATES OF Force One over the cemetery, saluting Bush was in office. AMERICA in tall capital letters along the nation’s fallen leader by tipping the body, and a U.S. flag on the tail. SAM 26000’s left wing. Colonel Mark Tillman, the senior Andrews AFB officially became the pilot of Air Force One that day, “Home of Air Force One” in 1962. President Johnson traveled exten- quickly took off after President sively aboard SAM 26000. His George W. Bush abruptly ended his The following year—on November successor, , flew visit to a Florida elementary school. 22, 1963—SAM 26000 carried historic voyages in it to the People’s Not certain what might happen President Kennedy to Dallas, Texas, Republic of China and the Soviet next—and with the President where he was shot and killed. Later Union, and had a “Spirit of ‘76” logo hundreds of miles away from that day, during the return flight, painted on the plane’s nose to com- the capital—Col Tillman and the Vice President Lyndon Johnson took memorate America’s bicentennial. plane’s staff kept President Bush the oath of office and assumed the safe throughout the day so he could presidency. Emotions undoubtedly In 1990, after flying 13,000 hours in monitor the changing situation. flooded the aircraft when it landed 36 years and serving eight sitting at Andrews and the slain president’s presidents, SAM 26000 left the Current Air Force Ones have brother ran on board to console the presidential fleet but continued 4,000 square feet of interior floor first lady, who was still dressed in flying government officials. Visitors space. Accommodations include bloodstained clothing. to the National Museum of the U.S. a conference room, a space that Air Force in Ohio can now walk converts into a medical facility if through the aircraft. Images and needed, six lavatories, galleys that WHAT’S IN A NAME? videos are also available online at can provide 100 meals at one time, • When the Vice President https://goo.gl/21KZYg. and state-of-the-art communication is on board instead of the and navigation systems. President, the aircraft uses SAM 27000, 28000, and 29000 the call sign . Soon, three more aircraft would take On the Horizon their place in history. After telling The next Air Force One will be • is the only the nation he intended to resign the Boeing’s 747-8. At a cruise speed of commercial airline to operate presidency, Nixon flew on SAM 27000 .855 mach and a length of 250 feet , the call sign (a VC-137) to California. The call sign and 2 inches, it is the fastest and for a civilian flight carrying a was reportedly changed mid-flight longest commercial jet in the world. U.S. President. In 1973, Presi- from Air Force One to SAM 27000 We can’t predict the technology in dent Nixon and his family because was sworn in. the coming decades or who will be flew as commercial passen- Two presidential 747s were delivered aboard, but future historic events gers on a United DC-10 from in 1990 during George H. W. Bush’s will have to be quite significant Washington Dulles to Los presidency. The new planes included to match those we have already Angeles International Airport. secure phone and computer systems, witnessed aboard the many Air enabling the Commander in Chief Force One planes.

Summer 2017 29 Water: The Fickle (and Deceptive) Element

By MS. RITA HESS, Staff Writer i Flooding is a coast-to-coast Ditches and drainage systems threat to the United States and filled to capacity and overflowed, ater is an interesting its territories in all 12 months of flooding entire neighborhoods. element. Too little of the year. Some people left home and it can kill us within clung to treetops in the darkness, a few days because i Approximately 75 percent of all crying for help. Residents with Wour body weight is predominately presidential disaster declarations boats launched them from their comprised of water. In this instance, are associated with flooding. previously landlocked yards and water sustains life. attempted daring rescues. When i In the United States, floods it was over, nine people had died, On the other hand, too much water kill more people each year including a mother and child. can kill us. The same liquid we need than tornadoes, hurricanes, Please, never say it can’t happen to survive can take our life in sec- or lightning. where you live. If it can happen onds when it roars down hillsides or here, it can happen anywhere. overflows roads, bridges, or levees. i Flooding causes more damage in In this scenario, water is deadly. the United States than any other Myth #2. I can drive through severe weather related event— water because I have a pickup Animals seem to know instinctively an average of $5 billion a year. (or an SUV). how to sustain themselves during Wow! You are special! But nearly an abundance or shortage of water. Now, let’s debunk a few flood myths. half of all flood fatalities occur in Fortunately for humans, our species vehicles, so whatever you have is highly developed enough to also Myth #1. It can’t happen here … probably isn’t enough. As little as know how to survive those times. For those who think flooding can’t six inches of fast moving water When we are thirsty (or ideally, happen where you are, consider can sweep a vehicle off a roadway, before we become parched), we this. I live in an otherwise non- and two feet of flowing water drink more water. And when it descript area of the country can carry away most pickups and might flood, we—we—we what? surrounded by wheat growers SUVs. Yes, even yours. The bigger and cattle ranchers (and a nearby issue is that you can’t see the road You DO know how to survive a Air Force base). But one evening under the water, so you don’t flood, don’t you? Okay, good! But in October 1973, it began to rain. know what is (or isn’t) there. let’s review for people who may The storm dumped 15 to 20 inches not know what to do or may have in this county; some say most of it Has the road washed out? Is there forgotten. First, a few facts: came within four hours. now a huge sinkhole where asphalt

30 The Mobility Forum SEASONAL CONSIDERATIONS

A DEADLY LOOK BACK Prepare a family disaster kit, and On May 31, 1889, the Johnstown Flood (or the Great develop and practice a disaster Flood of 1889) destroyed Johnstown, Pennsylvania. After plan. For more information, see a storm dropped 6-10 inches of rain in 24 hours, a dam break www.ready.gov. upstream from Johnstown released a 30-40 foot wall of water that killed 2,200 people within minutes. The massive wave also caused approxi- once was? Are you sure? Are you Everyone—especially Airmen mately $17 million in damage. willing to drive through it to find who are new to an area—should out—to prove your point? check with base and community In late July 1976, a storm emergency managers and with system dumped a foot of rain Sorry, no personal vehicle is the local National Weather in Colorado’s Big Thompson indestructible in the face of flood Service office (www.weather.gov) Canyon. Of the 145 people waters. Good luck if you attempt it, to learn about flooding history killed, some were never but smart Airmen follow the “Turn and potential in the area. found. Dozens died trying to Around, Don’t Drown!” mantra. escape in vehicles. The car of Prepare a family disaster kit, and an officer killed in the flood Myth #3. We had a 100-year develop and practice a disaster could only be identified by a flood last year. It won’t happen plan. For more information, see Colorado State Patrol key ring. again for 99 years. www.ready.gov. Governmental cleanup cost That is downright wrong! A 100-year over $1.6 million. flood is a climatic average, which Most importantly, listen to More recently, Hurricane means there is a one percent chance those emergency management Katrina made landfall in the a 100-year flood will happen in any and National Weather Service Gulf Coast states in August given year. It does not mean a flood officials and heed their warnings. 2005. The 25-foot-plus storm of that magnitude can only occur In Colorado’s Big Thompson surge, wind damage, and every 100 years. Canyon flood in 1976, it wasn’t partial levee failure in New raining at the lower end of the Orleans, Louisiana—as well as Myth #4. The local TV station canyon. Thus, despite warnings, flooding in numerous other will tell us ahead of time if it’s many residents did not believe coastal and inland states— going to flood. it could flood. When they later caused more than 1,200 Maybe. But as hard as they try, tried to escape in their vehicles, fatalities and over $100 billion they sometimes get it wrong. (See it was too late. The event claimed in damages. Myth #1.) 145 lives.

Summer 2017 31 RISK FACTORS FOR EHRI (NOT INCLUSIVE): • Environmental conditions • Medications • Poor physical fitness • Lack of acclimation How Hot are You? • Type of clothing • Age • Obesity • Sickle cell trait By MS. JANET PURDY, Staff Writer • Sweat gland dysfunction • Poorly controlled diabetes lease don’t go bragging on occupational risk in the armed yourself—physical attrac- forces, especially for those who are • High blood pressure tiveness is not the topic. rapidly deployed from a temperate We’re referring to heat- climate region to hot climate regions. • Cardiovascular disease Prelated illness. Whether on-the-job Recognizing early symptoms, • Cystic fibrosis or during play, exertional heat- preparing for the environment, related illness (EHRI) can become and knowing your risk of EHRI life threatening if not recognized are important keys to preventing in core body temperature, and early and treated appropriately. escalation of heat-related illness. symptoms subside quickly. Muscle There are varying levels of EHRI, cramps can be another sign of heat and the severity may escalate when Several variables affect heat illness and may indicate muscle ambient temperatures and humidity illness, including duration and fatigue, dehydration, or low levels are high. However, individu- intensity of activity, acclimation sodium concentration. als respond differently to physical to the environment, physical exertion and even the [perceived] conditioning, and hydration status, A more serious condition related to most physically fit individual can as well as medications, sleep, and sodium concentration is hyponatre- succumb to heat-related illness in a predisposition due to disease. mia. This occurs when the level of relatively cool environment. serum sodium is abnormally low, Mild symptoms of EHRI include sometimes a result of “overhydra- Heat-related illness, and specifically heat-related rash and swelling. tion” during a long event, causing a exertional heat stroke, is a significant There is typically no increase dilutional hyponatremia.

32 The Mobility Forum HEALTH AND FITNESS

Most people have experienced delayed onset muscle soreness, the DID YOU KNOW: pain you feel a day or two after a The Occupational Safety and new or strenuous activity. However, Health Administration has an beyond that lies rhabdomyolysis, app for that? which may be life threatening. It is Download the Heat Safety an acute condition where the muscle Tool to calculate the heat breaks down rapidly, causing pain, index and plan safely for weakness, vomiting, and confusion. outdoor activity. Electrolytes, myoglobin, and other proteins leak into the blood stream www.osha.gov/SLTC/ and can cause kidney failure. Prompt heatillness/heat_index/ medical care is advised. heat_app.html

Many athletes know about exercise- associated collapse, which usually occurs after a strenuous activity. Symptoms typically diminish upon damage. Therefore, before engaging lying down and rehydrating. Avoid in strenuous work or exercise, take getting up too quickly or you may time acclimate to the temperature, TSgt Juan Cruz, 7th Logistics Readiness experience postural hypotension gradually increase duration and Squadron, takes a break from his 12-hour and find yourself back down intensity of activity, select proper night shift to hydrate. The wing safety office quickly as your systolic blood clothing for the environment, be recommends Airmen drink at least 10 to 12 pressure drops significantly. aware of medication effects, know eight-ounce. glasses of water during any shift your risk factors, maintain proper to avoid heat stress. Heat exhaustion is the most sodium intake, and hydrate! usAF Photo by srA AirMAn cArolyn viss common EHRI and occurs when an individual becomes dehydrated in heat stress conditions. It requires TYPES OF EHRI CHARACTERISTICS discontinuing activity, lowering of body temperature, and rehydration. Heat rash “Prickly-heat” appearance It is important to obtain core body Heat edema Swelling in the extremities temperature to rule out exertional heat stroke that is life threatening. Muscle cramps Muscle twitches and spasms Heat exhaustion Low blood pressure, nausea and Exertional heat stroke is a major vomiting, dizziness, fatigue concern when performing intense physical exercise. It is indicated Exercise-associated collapse Inability to stand or walk without by a core body temperature over assistance. Lightheaded, faint, dizziness 104 degrees Fahrenheit and, if sustained for a long period of time, Postural hypotension Drop in systolic blood pressure can result in complications and when standing even death. Prompt recognition Exertional heat stroke Core body temperature above 104 of symptoms and treatment are degrees Fahrenheit essential, including rapid cooling measures. Early signs mimic those of Rhabdomyolysis Major muscle breakdown: muscle pain, heat exhaustion—dizziness, nausea, soreness, stiffness, and swelling with headache, and stumbling. Symptoms loss of mobility and weakness may progress to apathy, confusion, Hyponatremia Reduced sodium levels and mental and unconsciousness. status changes; vomiting, confusion, wheezing that may progress to Each type of EHRI has the potential seizures, respiratory arrest, and other to affect physical activity, from serious complications a short disruption to permanent

Summer 2017 33 Benchmark Cybersecurity Assessment on C-5M

By MS. SUSAN G. GOTTA, AMCTES Technical Writer

Test and can be gained to disrupt or disable the electronic systems aboard the Evaluation the aircraft to prevent the aircrew aircraft to allow them to attempt to AMC Squadron from completing its mission.” It gain logical access to systems that (AMCTES) recently conducted a will provide a baseline to define may compromise security.” benchmark C-5M Cybersecurity and refine current threat protocols Adversarial Assessment, the first and anti-cyberattack procedures if The test was conducted in two test of this kind conducted on vulnerabilities are detected. USA phases. The initial phase provided an AMC aircraft and among the TSMO acted in a generic adversary the adversarial team access to the first conducted on any Air Force role, whose goal was to create cyber C- 5M system architecture, allow- Major Weapons System. AMCTES effects that would inhibit or prevent ing the team to explore pathways Test Directors coordinated the the C-5 from performing its mission. to potentially exploit the systems, development of cyberattack sce- Capt Tell further said, “The test focusing the cyberattack on the narios, working with personnel parameters involved providing the most likely systems to be targeted from the U.S. Army Threat Systems cyberthreat team physical access to by an adversary. The second phase Management Office (USA TSMO) and Lockheed Martin Avionics Engineers. This assessment was executed at Dover AFB, Delaware, aboard a C-5M aircraft on the ground, but operationally configured. Test participants included the , the 436th Maintenance Group, and the . The Test Team from AMCTES, the sole operational test organization of HQ AMC/TE (Directorate of Test and Evaluation, Scott AFB, Illinois) facilitated all test activities.

Capt Ryan Tell, Senior Test Director at AMCTES, described the purpose of the test as, “an assessment to develop scenarios whereby access

Capt Ryan Tell, AMCTES Senior Test Director, conducts cyber-security checks on a C-5M aircraft. The training is designed to prepare aircrew for cyber-attacks on the aircraft by simulating an opportunity to counter a simulated cyber-threat.

Photo by lisA elMo-hensKe, visuAl inForMAtion sPeciAlist, AMctes

34 The Mobility Forum AMC NEWS

The scope of the test involved all major aircraft systems and involved mission support systems that connect to the aircraft via removable media devices or data transfer interfaces. involved operational aircrew and maintainer test participants conduct- ing simulated attempts at launching an operational mission while the adversarial team attempted parallel cyberattacks. The scope of the test involved all major aircraft systems and involved mission support sys- tems that connect to the aircraft via Photo above: a test team from AMC Test and Evaluation Squadron out of Joint Base McGuire- Dix-Lakehurst, NJ conducts a benchmark Cybersecurity Adversarial Assessment on a C-5M at removable media devices or data Dover AFB, DE, to practice real world application of cyber defense. Participants were tested by transfer interfaces. Data regarding their reaction to a simulated coordinated cyber-attacks on the aircraft. the ability of the test participants to detect, react, and restore systems on Photo below: Lockheed Martin Avionics Engineers, working with AMCTES Test Directors, test the cyber-security on systems aboard a C-5M at Dover AFB, DE. the aircraft in response to exploita- tion was collected. Photos by lisA elMo-hensKe, visuAl inForMAtion sPeciAlist, AMctes

Recent aircraft major system upgrades, with decreasing reliance on analog displays, has elevated the risk of cybersecurity vulnerability to interrelated software systems. The U.S. Department of Defense has recognized that the detection, exposing, and subsequent protec- tion against these types of threats is a critical military function given today’s global environment and has been steadily adopting proto- cols in its fight to thwart attacks of its IT systems. This Adversarial Assessment complies with the Secretary of Defense, Director of Operational Test and Evaluation policy memorandum directing the accomplishment of adversarial tests for all oversight information systems and weapons systems Air Force-wide.

Summer 2017 35 Trapped Below and Ben and I are both trained SCUBA divers and very com- fortable in the water. During training, we were taught how to handle emergency situations while remaining calm. Entanglement is a known water hazard for divers, Running and they are instructed to carry knives as part of their basic personal equipment to combat this danger.

We were spearfishing as a team that day. Ben was already Out of Air on his way down to help me when he noticed me strug- gling. Had my attempt to free myself failed, or had I blacked out, Ben would have been there to save his fellow By TSGT BRADLY PRESTON, Andersen AFB, Airman. It was comforting to know, in this unfortunate situation, that someone there had my back and knew how to respond to the situation. n Memorial Day Weekend 2016, my friend Ben and I departed on a routine spearfishing When you plan your activities, imagine having to trip. That afternoon was perfect for being on deal with this emergency alone if separated from your and in the water. We were catching fish like buddy or if you don't have someone with you. The Oit was no one’s business. At 4 p.m., we noticed a large tendency to get complacent leads to a lower standard parrotfish approximately 40 feet down near the bottom. of safety. Do not be complacent; be vigilant and pay The depth was well within my ability and training. I attention to your surroundings. free dove down and hid behind a small reef and waited for the perfect opportunity. Approximately 60 seconds I almost didn’t bring my dive knife with me that later, the fish moved closer and I had it in my sights. day because I have never had to use it. This Approaching the end of my breath, I pulled the trigger last-minute decision saved my life. Before and landed a direct hit. you go out on your next trip, have the right gear, a good plan, and the right As soon as I pulled the trigger, the spear passed directly training. These things saved my life, through the fish and lodged itself in a reef. Short on air, and I was able to return home to I began my ascent to the surface and felt a sharp tug on my wife and kids. my ankle. The line that was attached to the spear gun had tangled around my ankle and anchored me to the reef. That’s when my training kicked in; remaining calm, I attempted to unwrap the line but was unsuccessful. I pulled as hard as I could to free myself, however the elas- ticity and 500 pound test of the line reacted like a bungee cord. Every time I swam toward the surface, the line stretched and pulled me back down. With the spear still stuck in the reef and the line wrapped around my ankle, I was running out of air and my vision began to fade.

After two failed attempts to free myself, I instinctively grabbed the knife that was attached to my leg and vigor- ously cut the line. When Ben noticed me struggling, he also grabbed his knife and began the descent to free me. A few seconds later, I was finally able to free myself and swim back to the surface.

As Ben and I both ascended, we recognized the benefits of our training. If it wasn’t for that, I may not be alive today. No doubt we were seconds away from a bad situation.

36 The Mobility Forum By MS. KIM BRUMLEY, Word to Your Mother Staff Writer

his is embarrassing and I to a stop on the side of the road, I What made me finally change my really shouldn’t admit it, but turned the radio off and was able ways behind the wheel, eliminate I probably hold some kind to actually hear the sirens from the all the distractions, and get my act of record for the number of highway patrol car. Then I proceeded together? I realized that my actions Ttraffic warnings issued by a police to grab my license, registration, and and behavior affected and influenced officer or highway patrol. Yep, I used insurance to have it ready for the people around me. to get pulled over a lot. What was patrol officer. my problem? I was easily distracted. When I was teaching my daughter What distracted me? Everything! When I handed over the documents, how to drive before she got her I asked in the sweetest, most license, I thought she was the For example, when one of my favor- innocent voice ever, “Sir, why did worst driver ever. Then it occurred ite “oldie but goodie” tunes—Ice Ice you stop me?” to me that she had learned from Baby—comes on the radio, it takes watching ME for over 15 years. me back to my middle school days, He glanced up from the documents My careless driving and bad habits so I crank it UP! (Yes, I love Vanilla he was examining and flatly said, had impacted the next generation Ice … that may be worse than admit- “Ma’am, you were swerving.” of drivers! ting to the many traffic warnings I’ve received.) One particular time, I I didn’t realize I had been swerving! While I can’t go into the past and busted out some super uncool moves It must have occurred in the midst make corrections at this point, I can while I belted out every word loudly. of the one-woman jam session I admit my mistakes and talk with The next thing I knew, I saw those had going on while cruising along. her about what I’ve learned along colorful lights in my rearview mirror Luckily, I received another warning the way. And hey, I have another kid and I was being pulled over … again! and not a citation. It probably won’t who will be driving in a few years, be much of shocker for anyone so there is a chance for redemption! I glanced down at the speedometer reading this to learn that it wasn’t and it didn’t look like I had been the first time I had been pulled over Just for the record, I haven’t seen speeding, so I was clueless as to why for swerving and had been oblivious those colorful lights in my rearview I was being pulled over. As I slowed to it at the time. mirror in a very long time!

Summer 2017 37 MISHAP-FREE Mishap-Free FlyingFF Hour lying lying Milestones HourHour MILESTONES

10,000 HOURS Capt Ryan J. McGahern Lt Col James Chaikowski Lt Col Robert C. Damon 139 AS, Stratton ANGB, NY 142 AS, ANG, New Castle, DE Lt Col Christopher M. Farmer CMSgt Kurt Garrison Lt Col Jeremy M. Goodwin Lt Col Daniel F. Sheridan Lt Col Julian W. Jacobson 916 ARW, Seymour Johnson AFB, Lt Col Eric B. Young Lt Col Lynn K. Robinson NC (AFRC) 165 AW, Savannah, GA Lt Col Steven A. Sheldon SMSgt Barry R. Bradley Maj John Kenard Lt Col Jason O. Strickland 5,000 HOURS 310 AS, MacDill AFB, FL Maj Troy M. Bockius Lt Col Marc Summers Maj Christopher M. Esterline 126 ARW, Scott AFB, IL Maj Christopher Marron Maj Mark J. Linzmeier Lt Col Robert Wunderlich Maj Micheal Perry Maj Jeremy C. Meartz 142 AS, ANG, New Castle, DE Maj Nicholas Robbins Maj Michael R. Minner Col Christopher S. Kilcullen Maj Patrick Uhes Maj James P. Portale Lt Col Arne G. Kolbjornsen TSgt Kevin Sanchez Maj Maurice A. Scales Lt Col Andrew P. Sides Maj Roy F. Schoppert 165 AW, Savannah, GA 2,500 HOURS Maj Jason C. Subuach Lt Col Christopher Davis 21 AS, Travis AFB, CA 165 AW, Savannah, GA 310 AS, MacDill AFB, FL Maj Daniel T. Blum Capt Erin Sayson SMSgt Arturo Zavala Capt Ivan E. Bohlender MSgt Armin Sayson Capt Steven L. Fuhrman MSgt Mark Shaw 3,500 HOURS SSgt Garrett J. Sicafoose 310 AS, MacDill AFB, FL 21 AS, Travis AFB, CA 142 AS, ANG, New Castle, DE Lt Col Gregory Pleinis Maj Stephen E. Teeple Lt Col Brian E. Beisheim Lt Col Anthony White

SUBMITTING MISHAP-FREE FLYING HOUR MILESTONES To submit mishap-free flying hour milestones, send your request to: [email protected] HQ AMC/SEE, 618.229.0927 (DSN 779) Please submit as shown in the listings above (first name, last name, sorted alphabetically within rank).

38 The Mobility Forum Quickstoppers QUICKSTOPPERS

By MR. WAYNE BENDALL, HQ AMC What’s Your Sign? Occupational Safety and Health Manager ave you ever wondered why people do the things Have you ever ridden with someone and noticed, much to they do? It’s probably because they never “plan” your dismay, the person texting and driving, or watched some- Hto have an accident. They always believe accidents one drive away who has been drinking? What about seatbelts? happen to the other guy. If only they had a crystal ball … Do you insist that everyone who rides with you wear one, or do you take the easy way out and let your passenger decide? Imagine if people walked around with a sign hanging around their neck that described their behavior. There are times like this when more sensible people need to do the right thing and speak up. Don’t just refuse to ride i I often drink and drive. with friends who drink and drive or text when driving. It may be easier to keep quiet, but your friends are still placing i I don’t see anything wrong with texting and driving their lives and those of others at risk. Offer to drive them. as long as I keep one eye on the road. Better yet, insist on it. If you’re friends “forget” to buckle their seatbelts, remind them. i I like to ride my motorcycle without my helmet. Wear your sign proudly—the one that reads “I’m a really good i I like to see how fast I can go. friend who won’t stand by and let you do dumb things.”

By MSGT DANIEL ALEJANDRO, Shortcuts = Potential Disasters HQ AMC Weapons Safety Division

“You will not find it difficult to prove that battles, Rapid Global Mobility.” But with transportation, there campaigns, and even wars have been won or lost are inherent safety risks. One of the most essential primarily because of logistics.” things to remember is securing your cargo properly. – General Dwight D. Eisenhower We have experienced recent explosives mishaps within the command. magine you are hungry, exhausted, and at the end of a 12-hour shift. You have 10 more pallets to go and According to IAW AFMAN 91-201, Explosives Safety Iyou’re done. You’ve been consistently tying the load Standards, paragraph 8.2.8, and AMCI 24-101V11, Cargo to the forklift mast to make sure it stays stable while and Mail Policy, paragraph 8.1.4, we must ensure that moving, but you really want to speed up the process so every explosive cargo movement is stable and secure you can get home. Maybe a quick way to do that is to prior to transportation. Even if it seems insignificant to not secure the cargo? cut out using a tie-down strap for a short movement, IT IS NOT. “It’s only 20 or 30 feet from where I am picking up and dropping off. I’m sure it will be fine. I’ve done this Damaged cargo could affect critical mission types hundreds of times and nothing ever happened. I’m sure in the AOR. Worse yet, personal injury or death it will be fine …” could occur. Taking the extra few seconds to ensure the safety and stability of your load will not only Within the logistics community, transporting cargo is safeguard precious cargo, but also keep you and your paramount for us to continue to “Execute and Sustain wingmen safe.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 2015-545-114. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Summer 2017 39 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 A DAY IN THE LIFE

Capt Sherry Reill, a critical care team member with the 514th Squadron, prepares patient monitor equipment for a mannequin used to simulate a patient on a C-17 Globemaster III during aeromedical evacuation training for Airmen with 514th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron and the 514th Aeromedical Staging Squadron at the Combat Readiness Training Center at Gulfport, Mississippi. The training’s purpose was to teach flight nurses and aeromedical evacuation technicians how to respond to scenarios during the evacuation of sick or wounded personnel, and how to handle medical situations that might occur during the flight. Close to 700 AMC Airmen with the 514th Air Mobility Wing, the 305th Air Mobility Wing, the , and the 621st Contingency Response Wing are participating in the mobilization exercise Crisis Response 2017. The exercise’s primary goal is for the four wings to deploy to an austere location and set up and sustain combat air mobility operations.

USAF photo by MSgt MArk C. olSen