DOCSLIB.ORG

Adjective Attribution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adjective Attribution Adjective attribution Michael Rießler language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 2 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Chief Editor: Martin Haspelmath Consulting Editors: Fernando Zúñiga, Peter Arkadiev, Ruth Singer, Pilar Valen zuela In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. ISSN: 2363-5568 Adjective attribution Michael Rießler language science press Michael Rießler. 2016. Adjective attribution (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 2). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog © 2016, Michael Rießler Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-944675-65-7 (Digital) 978-3-944675-66-4 (Hardcover) 978-3-944675-49-7 (Softcover) 978-1-530889-34-1 (Softcover US) ISSN: 2363-5568 DOI:10.17169/langsci.b19.294 Cover and concept of design: Ulrike Harbort Typesetting: Felix Kopecky, Sebastian Nordhoff, Michael Rießler Proofreading: Alec Shaw, Alessia Battisti, Rogier Blokland, Andreas Hölzl, Aneilia Stefanova, Antonio Machicao y Priemer, Eitan Grossman, Eva Schultze-Berndt, Ezekiel Bolaji, Joshua Wilbur, Mario Bisiada, Martin Haspelmath, Neal Whitman, Michelle Natolo, Natalia Cáceres, Parviz Parsafar, Fonts: Linux Libertine, Arimo, DejaVu Sans Mono Typesetting software:Ǝ X LATEX Language Science Press Habelschwerdter Allee 45 14195 Berlin, Germany langsci-press.org Storage and cataloguing done by FU Berlin Language Science Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. За най-любимите ми Алма, Ива и Кристина Contents Preface xi Abbreviations and notational conventions xiii I Preliminaries 1 1 Introduction 3 2 Noun phrases and adjectival modifiers 5 2.1 Noun phrases ............................ 5 2.2 Adjectival modifiers ......................... 5 2.3 Syntax of adjectival modification .................. 7 2.3.1 Noun phrase internal syntax ................ 8 2.3.2 Headless noun phrases ................... 10 2.3.3 Appositional modification ................. 13 3 The syntax-morphology interface 15 3.1 Morpho-syntax ........................... 15 3.2 Morpho-syntactic features ..................... 17 3.3 An ontology of morpho-syntactic features ............ 21 II Typology 23 4 Typology of attribution marking 25 4.1 Typologizing noun phrase structure ................ 25 4.2 Juxtaposition ............................. 29 4.3 Incorporation ............................ 31 4.4 Agreement marking ......................... 33 4.4.1 Head-driven agreement .................. 33 4.4.2 Dependent-driven agreement ............... 37 Contents 4.5 Attributive state marking ...................... 39 4.5.1 Head-marking attributive state .............. 40 4.5.2 Dependent-marking attributive state ........... 41 4.5.3 Head+dependent-marking attributive state ........ 58 4.5.4 Neutral attributive state .................. 59 4.6 Ontology of attribution marking .................. 61 5 Polyfunctionality 69 5.1 Polyfunctionality of modification markers ............ 69 5.2 Polyfunctionality and additional content ............. 74 5.3 Conclusion .............................. 76 III Synchrony 77 6 Introduction 79 6.1 The languages of northern Eurasia ................. 79 6.2 The language sample ........................ 80 6.3 The language maps ......................... 80 6.3.1 Geographic coding ..................... 80 6.3.2 Type coding ......................... 81 6.3.3 The maps .......................... 81 7 The languages of northern Eurasia 83 7.1 Eskimo-Aleut (Central Siberian Yupik) .............. 83 7.2 Chukotko-Kamchatkan ....................... 84 7.2.1 Chukotkan ......................... 84 7.2.2 Kamchatkan ......................... 87 7.3 Nivkh ................................. 88 7.4 Ainu ................................. 90 7.5 Japanese ............................... 90 7.6 Korean ................................ 92 7.7 Sino-Tibetan (Dungan) ....................... 93 7.8 Mongolic ............................... 94 7.8.1 Mongolian .......................... 95 7.8.2 Monguor, Moghol, Dagur ................. 96 7.9 Tungusic ............................... 96 7.9.1 North Tungusic ....................... 96 7.9.2 Amur Tungusic ....................... 99 vi Contents 7.9.3 Manchu ........................... 101 7.10 Yukaghir ............................... 101 7.11 Yeniseian ............................... 104 7.12 Turkic ................................. 106 7.12.1 Bulgar Turkic ........................ 106 7.12.2 Common Turkic ...................... 108 7.13 Nakh-Daghestanian ......................... 110 7.13.1 Daghestanian ........................ 110 7.13.2 Nakh ............................. 117 7.13.3 Chechen-Ingush ...................... 118 7.13.4 Bats ............................. 118 7.14 Abkhaz-Adyghe ........................... 119 7.14.1 Abkhaz ........................... 119 7.14.2 Circassian .......................... 120 7.15 Kartvelian .............................. 120 7.15.1 Georgian ........................... 121 7.15.2 Svan ............................. 122 7.15.3 Zan .............................. 123 7.16 Semitic ................................ 124 7.16.1 Northwest Semitic ..................... 124 7.16.2 Central Semitic ....................... 124 7.17 Uralic ................................. 125 7.17.1 Samoyedic .......................... 126 7.17.2 Hungarian .......................... 128 7.17.3 Khanty, Mansi, Mari, Mordvin ............... 129 7.17.4 Permic ............................ 129 7.17.5 Finnic ............................ 133 7.17.6 Saamic ............................ 134 7.18 Indo-European ............................ 138 7.18.1 Albanian ........................... 139 7.18.2 Armenian .......................... 142 7.18.3 Indo-Iranian ......................... 143 7.18.4 Baltic ............................. 146 7.18.5 Celtic ............................ 147 7.18.6 Germanic .......................... 148 7.18.7 Hellenic ........................... 156 7.18.8 Romance ........................... 157 7.18.9 Slavic ............................ 160 vii Contents 7.19 Basque ................................ 166 8 Areal uniformity and diversity 169 8.1 Attested attribution marking devices ............... 169 8.2 Prototypes of attribution marking devices ............. 170 8.3 Diachronic implications ....................... 171 IV Diachrony 173 9 The evolution of attribution marking 175 9.1 Attributive nominalizers ...................... 175 9.1.1 Attributive nominalizers in Uralic and Turkic ...... 176 9.1.2 Attributive nominalizers in Indo-European ........ 183 9.1.3 Definite noun phrases in Germanic ............ 193 9.1.4 “Double definiteness” and a “buffer zone” in North Ger- manic ............................ 197 9.1.5 Attributive nominalization and anti-construct state ... 198 9.2 Anti-construct state in Saamic ................... 201 9.2.1 State of research ...................... 202 9.2.2 The origin of anti-construct state in Saamic ....... 211 9.3 Agreement in Finnic ......................... 215 9.4 Other attested scenarios of grammaticalization .......... 218 9.4.1 Articles, definiteness and adjective attribution ...... 218 9.4.2 Head-marking attributive construct state ......... 222 9.4.3 Innovation of juxtaposition ................ 222 9.5 Diachronic polyfunctionality .................... 223 10 Areal typology in the Circum-Baltic area 227 V Conclusion 229 11 Results and conclusions 231 11.1 Aims and content .......................... 231 11.2 Innovative findings ......................... 233 11.2.1 The morpho-syntactic feature state ........... 234 11.2.2 Embedded adjectival modifiers: synchrony ........ 235 11.2.3 Embedded adjectival modifiers: diachrony ........ 237 viii Contents 11.3 Other findings ............................ 238 11.4 Prospects for future research .................... 241 Appendix 243 Language sample and maps 243 References 263 Index 291 Name index ................................. 291 Language index .............................. 297 Subject index ................................ 305 ix Preface This is a thoroughly revised version of my doctoral dissertation Typology and evo- lution of adjective attribution marking in the languages of northern Eurasia, which I defended at Leipzig University in January 2011 and published electronically as Rießler (2011). I am indebted to my family members, friends, project collabora- tors, data consultants, listeners, supporters, sources of inspiration, critics and other people who assisted in completing my dissertation. I am very thankful to the series editors who accepted my manuscript for pub- lication with this prestigious open-access publisher, to Sebastian Nordhoff and the technical staff at Language Science Press, to
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Equivalence and Shift Translation in Adjective Phrases of Indonesian
    The Equivalence and Shift Translation in Adjective Phrases of Indonesian as Source Language to English as Target Language as Found in students Writing Descriptive Test of SMK Negeri 1 Lumbanjulu Sondang Manik, Ugaina Nuig Hasibuan [email protected] Abstract This study deals with the types of translation equivalence and shift adjective phrases and reason used translation equivalence and shift used on the students translation. This study used qualitative research. The data were collected by translate paper and observation students translation in the classroom. The data are taken from translate paper in the classroom. There are 268 translation equivalence and 211 translation shift. The data are analyzed based on types of translation equivalence ( linguistic, paradigmatic, stylistic and syntematic) and translation shift ( structure, class, intra system and unit). After analyzing the data, the types of translation equivalence and shift used on the students and offer was dominantly used in classroom translation. The total of translation equivalence 268 divide by the following Stylistic equivalence 64 and syntematic equivalence 204. The most dominant types of translation equivalence is syntematic equivalence. The total translation shift is 211 divide by the following by structure shift 18, class shift 129 and 64 unit shift. The most dominant types translation shift is class shift.The suggestion are to the English department students, to know the types of equivalence and shift translation, the English teachers in order to improve the ability of the students in translating descriptive text by using translation equivalence and shift especially adjective phrases and to other researchers are suggested to make research by equivalence and shift translation from different prespective.
    [Show full text]
  • Handout 1: the History of the English Language 1. Proto-Indo-European
    Handout 1: The history of the English language Cold climate: they had a word for snow: *sneigwh- (cf. Latin nix, Greek Seminar English Historical Linguistics and Dialectology, Andrew McIntyre niphos, Gothic snaiws, Gaelic sneachta). Words for beech, birch, elm, ash, oak, apple, cherry; bee, bear, beaver, eagle. 1. Proto-Indo-European (roughly 3500-2500 BC) Original location is also deduced from subsequent spread of IE languages. Bronze age technology. They had gold, silver, copper, but not iron. 1.1. Proto-Indo-European and linguistic reconstruction They rode horses and had domesticated sheep, cattle. Cattle a sign of wealth (cf. Most languages in Europe, and others in areas stretching as far as India, are called Indo- fee/German Vieh ‘cattle’, Latin pecunia ‘money’/pecus ‘cattle’) European languages, as they descend from a language called Proto-Indo-European Agriculture: cultivated cereals *gre-no- (>grain, corn), also grinding of corn (PIE). Here ‘proto’ means that there are no surviving texts in the language and thus that *mela- (cf. mill, meal); they also seem to have had ploughs and yokes. linguists reconstructed the language by comparing similarities and systematic differences Wheels and wagons (wheel < kw(e)-kwlo < kwel ‘go around’) between the languages descended from it. Religion: priests, polytheistic with sun worship *deiw-os ‘shine’ cf. Lat. deus, Gk. The table below gives examples of historically related words in different languages which Zeus, Sanskrit deva. Patriarchal, cf. Zeus pater, Iupiter, Sanskr. dyaus pitar. show either similarities in pronunciation, or systematic differences. Example: most IE Trade/exchange:*do- yields Lat. donare ‘give’ and a Hittite word meaning ‘take’, languages have /p/ in the first two lines, suggesting that PIE originally had /p/ in these *nem- > German nehmen ‘take’ but in Gk.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Vol. LX. No. 2. 2018
    JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY VOLUME LX No. 4 2018 THE ASIATIC SOCIETY 1 PARK STREET KOLKATA © The Asiatic Society ISSN 0368-3308 Edited and published by Dr. Satyabrata Chakrabarti General Secretary The Asiatic Society 1 Park Street Kolkata 700 016 Published in February 2019 Printed at Desktop Printers 3A, Garstin Place, 4th Floor Kolkata 700 001 Price : 400 (Complete vol. of four nos.) CONTENTS ARTICLES The East Asian Linguistic Phylum : A Reconstruction Based on Language and Genes George v an Driem ... ... 1 Situating Buddhism in Mithila Region : Presence or Absence ? Nisha Thakur ... ... 39 Another Inscribed Image Dated in the Reign of Vigrahapäla III Rajat Sanyal ... ... 63 A Scottish Watchmaker — Educationist and Bengal Renaissance Saptarshi Mallick ... ... 79 GLEANINGS FROM THE PAST Notes on Charaka Sanhitá Dr. Mahendra Lal Sircar ... ... 97 Review on Dr. Mahendra Lal Sircar’s studies on Äyurveda Anjalika Mukhopadhyay ... ... 101 BOOK REVIEW Coin Hoards of the Bengal Sultans 1205-1576 AD from West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam and Bangladesh by Sutapa Sinha Danish Moin ... ... 107 THE EAST ASIAN LINGUISTIC PHYLUM : A RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON LANGUAGE AND GENES GEORGE VAN DRIEM 1. Trans-Himalayan Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Xiâng, Hokkien, Teochew, Pínghuà, Gàn, Jìn, Wú and a number of other languages and dialects together comprise the Sinitic branch of the Trans-Himalayan language family. These languages all collectively descend from a prehistorical Sinitic language, the earliest reconstructible form of which was called Archaic Chinese by Bernard Karlgren and is currently referred to in the anglophone literature as Old Chinese. Today, Sinitic linguistic diversity is under threat by the advance of Mandarin as a standard language throughout China because Mandarin is gradually taking over domains of language use that were originally conducted primarily in the local Sinitic languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania Rethinking Social Action
    Available online at: http://lumenpublishing.com/proceedings/published-volumes/lumen- proceedings/rsacvp2017/ 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice The Convertor Status of Article of Case and Number in the Romanian Language Diana-Maria ROMAN* https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.62 How to cite: Roman, D.-M. (2017). The Convertor Status of Article of Case and Number in the Romanian Language. In C. Ignatescu, A. Sandu, & T. Ciulei (eds.), Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice (pp.682-694). Suceava, Romania: LUMEN Proceedings https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.62 © The Authors, LUMEN Conference Center & LUMEN Proceedings. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania The Convertor Status of Article of Case and Number in the Romanian Language Diana-Maria ROMAN1* Abstract This study is the outcome of research on the grammar of the contemporary Romanian language. It proposes a discussion of the marked nominalization of adjectives in Romanian, the analysis being focused on the hypostases of the convertor (nominalizer). Within this area of research, contemporary scholarly treaties have so far accepted solely nominalizers of the determinative article type (definite and indefinite) and nominalizers of the vocative desinence type, in the singular. However, with regard to the marked conversion of an adjective to the large class of nouns, the phenomenon of enclitic articulation does not always also entail the individualization of the nominalized adjective, as an expression of the category of definite determination.
    [Show full text]
  • North Caucasian Languages
    The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC April 2017 Special Edition COMPARISON OF VARIOUS QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF PROXIMITY OF LANGUAGES: NORTH CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES Galeev Timur Ildarovich Kazan federal university (KFU), Kazan, Russia [email protected] Solovyev Valery Dmitrievich Kazan federal university (KFU), Kazan, Russia ABSTRACT A comparison of North Caucasian languages is performed in the article according to various measures of proximity constructed using grammatical, lexical and genetic databases. Statistical methods are applied to the study of correlations among these proximity measures, and also between them and both geographical proximity and genealogical kinship. A full correlation has been found among language kinship, geographic situation and genetic kinship of peoples. Also, a high correlation was found between each of them and lexical similarity. In general these correlations persist at different levels – starting at the whole set of studied languages until the level of the smallest groups of related languages. It is shown that a significant factor in the analysis of geographical situation is the existence of a common boundary between the regions of distribution of languages. Keywords: Various Quantitative Measures, geographical situation common boundary, Creativity, languages 1. INTRODUCTION The classification of languages by genetic kinship, developed in the last two centuries within the framework of historical linguistics applying the comparative historical method, offers a qualitative characteristic of language proximity by including them into macrofamilies, families, branches, groups, etc. Glottochronology provides a quantitative measure of proximity that, in particular, allows assessing the age of families and other language groups. Unfortunately, in many cases there is no consensus among experts about languages kinship; it must be said also that lexicostatistical data are controversial.
    [Show full text]
  • Possessive Agreement Turned Into a Derivational Suffix Katalin É. Kiss 1
    Possessive agreement turned into a derivational suffix Katalin É. Kiss 1. Introduction The prototypical case of grammaticalization is a process in the course of which a lexical word loses its descriptive content and becomes a grammatical marker. This paper discusses a more complex type of grammaticalization, in the course of which an agreement suffix marking the presence of a phonologically null pronominal possessor is reanalyzed as a derivational suffix marking specificity, whereby the pro cross-referenced by it is lost. The phenomenon in question is known from various Uralic languages, where possessive agreement appears to have assumed a determiner-like function. It has recently been a much discussed question how the possessive and non-possessive uses of the agreement suffixes relate to each other (Nikolaeva 2003); whether Uralic definiteness-marking possessive agreement has been grammaticalized into a definite determiner (Gerland 2014), or it has preserved its original possessive function, merely the possessor–possessum relation is looser in Uralic than in the Indo-Europen languages, encompassing all kinds of associative relations (Fraurud 2001). The hypothesis has also been raised that in the Uralic languages, possessive agreement plays a role in organizing discourse, i.e., in linking participants into a topic chain (Janda 2015). This paper helps to clarify these issues by reconstructing the grammaticalization of possessive agreement into a partitivity marker in Hungarian, the language with the longest documented history in the Uralic family. Hungarian has two possessive morphemes functioning as a partitivity marker: -ik, an obsolete allomorph of the 3rd person plural possessive suffix, and -(j)A, the productive 3rd person singular possessive suffix.
    [Show full text]
  • A Grammar of Tundra Nenets Mouton Grammar Library
    Irina Nikolaeva A Grammar of Tundra Nenets Mouton Grammar Library Edited by Georg Bossong Bernard Comrie Matthew Dryer Patience L. Epps Volume 65 Irina Nikolaeva A Grammar of Tundra Nenets ISBN 978-3-11-032047-3 e-ISBN 978-3-11-032064-0 ISSN 0933-7636 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. 6 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Typesetting: RoyalStandard, Hong Kong Printing and binding: CPI buch bücher.de GmbH, Birkach ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgment This grammar is the result of many years of cooperation with members of the Tundra Nenets community, whose linguistic intuitions, passion for language, and, last but not least, extraordinary patience in dealing with me made it all possible. I am greatly indebted to all of you. Ңули” сава! I owe a great debt of gratitude to the colleagues with whom I have had the opportunity to work and discuss various intriguing aspects of Tundra Nenets grammar, especially to Farrell Ackerman, Larisa Leisiö and Tapani Salminen. I really miss our joint elicitation sessions; it was a lot of fun! Tapani Salminen was the first to intro- duce me to the language, and his own work on Tundra Nenets has always been a source of inspiration for me. I also thank Tapani and Larisa for their assistance in the practical aspects of my fieldwork.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Linguistic Theory, 2
    Basic Linguistic Theory 2 Basic Linguistic Theory R. M. W. Dixon The three volumes of Basic Linguistic Theory provide a new and fundamental characterization of the nature of human languages and a comprehensive guide to their description and analysis. The first volume addresses the methodology for recording, analysing, and comparing languages. Volume 3 (which will be published in 2011) examine and explain every underlying principle of gram- matical organization and consider how and why grammars vary. Volume 1 Methodology Volume 2 Grammatical Topics Volume 3 Further Grammatical Topics (in preparation) AcompletelistofR.M.W.Dixon’sbooksmaybefoundonpp.488–9 Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 2 Grammatical Topics R. M. W. DIXON The Cairns Institute James Cook University 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York ©R.M.W.Dixon2010 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Prior Linguistic Knowledge Matters : the Use of the Partitive Case In
    B 111 OULU 2013 B 111 UNIVERSITY OF OULU P.O.B. 7500 FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU FINLAND ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS ACTA SERIES EDITORS HUMANIORAB Marianne Spoelman ASCIENTIAE RERUM NATURALIUM Marianne Spoelman Senior Assistant Jorma Arhippainen PRIOR LINGUISTIC BHUMANIORA KNOWLEDGE MATTERS University Lecturer Santeri Palviainen CTECHNICA THE USE OF THE PARTITIVE CASE IN FINNISH Docent Hannu Heusala LEARNER LANGUAGE DMEDICA Professor Olli Vuolteenaho ESCIENTIAE RERUM SOCIALIUM University Lecturer Hannu Heikkinen FSCRIPTA ACADEMICA Director Sinikka Eskelinen GOECONOMICA Professor Jari Juga EDITOR IN CHIEF Professor Olli Vuolteenaho PUBLICATIONS EDITOR Publications Editor Kirsti Nurkkala UNIVERSITY OF OULU GRADUATE SCHOOL; UNIVERSITY OF OULU, FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, FINNISH LANGUAGE ISBN 978-952-62-0113-9 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-0114-6 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3205 (Print) ISSN 1796-2218 (Online) ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS B Humaniora 111 MARIANNE SPOELMAN PRIOR LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE MATTERS The use of the partitive case in Finnish learner language Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Human Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in Keckmaninsali (Auditorium HU106), Linnanmaa, on 24 May 2013, at 12 noon UNIVERSITY OF OULU, OULU 2013 Copyright © 2013 Acta Univ. Oul. B 111, 2013 Supervised by Docent Jarmo H. Jantunen Professor Helena Sulkala Reviewed by Professor Tuomas Huumo Associate Professor Scott Jarvis Opponent Associate Professor Scott Jarvis ISBN 978-952-62-0113-9 (Paperback) ISBN 978-952-62-0114-6 (PDF) ISSN 0355-3205 (Printed) ISSN 1796-2218 (Online) Cover Design Raimo Ahonen JUVENES PRINT TAMPERE 2013 Spoelman, Marianne, Prior linguistic knowledge matters: The use of the partitive case in Finnish learner language University of Oulu Graduate School; University of Oulu, Faculty of Humanities, Finnish Language, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Germanic Languages an Overview
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-42186-7 — The Cambridge Handbook of Germanic Linguistics Edited by Michael T. Putnam , B. Richard Page Excerpt More Information Germanic Languages An Overview B. Richard Page and Michael T. Putnam I.1 Introduction The Germanic languages include some of the world’s most widely spoken and thoroughly researched languages. English has become a global lan- guage that serves as a lingua franca in many parts of the world and has an estimated 1.12 billon speakers (Simons and Fennig 2018). German, Dutch, Icelandic, Swedish, and Norwegian have also been studied and described extensively from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. In addition to the standard varieties of these languages, there are available descrip- tions of many nonstandard varieties as well as of regional and minority languages, such as Frisian and Low German. There are several possibilities to consider when putting together a handbook of a language family. One would be to have a chapter devoted to each language, as in Ko¨nig and Auwera (1993). This would require the choice of which languages to include and would make cross-linguistic comparisons difficult. In the alternative, one could take a thematic, comparative approach and exam- ine different aspects of the Germanic languages, such as morphology or syntax, as in Harbert (2007). We have chosen the latter approach for this handbook. The advantage of such an approach is that it gives the contri- butors in the volume an opportunity to compare and contrast the broad range of empirical phenomena found across the Germanic languages that have been documented in the literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Contact-Induced Usages of Volitive Moods in East Caucasian Languages 1
    Nina Dobrushina State University Higher School of Economics Contact-induced usages of volitive moods 1 in East Caucasian languages 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to test a hypothesis of the influence of Azerbaijani on East Caucasian languages. It was noticed that most (if not all) Turkic languages widely use forms of imperatives and / or optatives for the main predicate of subordinate clauses of certain types, in particular purpose clauses and complement clauses of verbs of wish. I suppose that some East Caucasian languages had acquired these constructions under the influence of Azerbaijani. To support this hypothesis, I will consider the data of 13 East Caucasian languages and one Turkic language spoken in Dagestan. The structure of the article is as follows. Section 2 provides a preliminary discussion of Turkic Dagestanian contacts (2.1), justifies the choice of the languages in the sample (2.2), provides information on the contact situation for each of the languages (2.3), gives an overview of the imperative / optative forms in each language (2.4), argues that the subordinate usages of imperatives / optatives is a structural feature of Turkic languages (2.5), and introduces the constructions which will be diagnostic for the study (2.6). Languages which use volitional forms both in purpose clauses and in wish complement clauses are considered in Section 3, languages which have volitional forms only in purpose clauses are considered in Section 4, while Section 5 lists the languages which do not use volitional forms in subordinate clauses. Section 6 summarizes the discussion. 2.1. Turkic Dagestanian contacts According to the 2002 census, Turkic peoples constitute 20 percent of the population of Dagestan, while the speakers of East Caucasian languages are almost 75 %.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo-European Linguistics: an Introduction Indo-European Linguistics an Introduction
    This page intentionally left blank Indo-European Linguistics The Indo-European language family comprises several hun- dred languages and dialects, including most of those spoken in Europe, and south, south-west and central Asia. Spoken by an estimated 3 billion people, it has the largest number of native speakers in the world today. This textbook provides an accessible introduction to the study of the Indo-European proto-language. It clearly sets out the methods for relating the languages to one another, presents an engaging discussion of the current debates and controversies concerning their clas- sification, and offers sample problems and suggestions for how to solve them. Complete with a comprehensive glossary, almost 100 tables in which language data and examples are clearly laid out, suggestions for further reading, discussion points and a range of exercises, this text will be an essential toolkit for all those studying historical linguistics, language typology and the Indo-European proto-language for the first time. james clackson is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge, and is Fellow and Direc- tor of Studies, Jesus College, University of Cambridge. His previous books include The Linguistic Relationship between Armenian and Greek (1994) and Indo-European Word For- mation (co-edited with Birgit Anette Olson, 2004). CAMBRIDGE TEXTBOOKS IN LINGUISTICS General editors: p. austin, j. bresnan, b. comrie, s. crain, w. dressler, c. ewen, r. lass, d. lightfoot, k. rice, i. roberts, s. romaine, n. v. smith Indo-European Linguistics An Introduction In this series: j. allwood, l.-g. anderson and o.¨ dahl Logic in Linguistics d.
    [Show full text]