Terrorism In, Or Originating From, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Russia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Terrorism In, Or Originating From, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Russia PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 2 Bibliography: Terrorism in, or Originating from, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Russia (Part 2) Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes [Bibliographic Series of Perspectives on Terrorism – BSPT-JT-2020-3] Abstract This bibliography contains journal articles, book chapters, books, edited volumes, theses, grey literature, bibliographies and other resources on terrorism in the Caucasus region, Central Asia, and Russia as well as terrorist activity originating from these regions abroad. It focuses on recent (non-Russian language) publications (up to March 2020) and should not be considered as exhaustive. The literature has been retrieved by manually browsing more than 200 core and periphery sources in the field of Terrorism Studies. Additionally, full-text and reference retrieval systems have been employed to broaden the search. Keywords: bibliography, resources, literature, Caucasus; Central Asia; Russia, terrorism NB: All websites were last visited on 21.03.2020. This subject bibliography is the second part of a two-part bibliography (Part 1 was published in Issue 9[1]) of Perspectives on Terrorism). To avoid duplication, this compilation only includes literature not contained in Part 1. However, meta-resources, such as bibliographies, were included in both parts. - See also Note for the Reader at the end of this literature list. Bibliographies and other Resources American Research Institute of the South Caucasus (ARISC) (2006-). URL: https://arisc.org Aris, Stephen et al. (Eds.) (2006-): Russian Analytical Digest (RAD). [ISSN: 1863-0421]. URL: https://css.ethz. ch/en/publications/rad.html Badalyan, Lusine et al. (Eds.) (2008, December-): Caucasus Analytical Digest (CAD). [ISSN: 1867-9323]. URL: https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/series.html/094386 Biard, Aurelie (2016, July): Bibliography: Religion in Central Asia (Tsarist Period to 2016). (CAP Papers, No. 169; CERIA Series). URL: https://centralasiaprogram.org/archives/9721 Books for Understanding (2014, August): Chechnya. URL: http://www.booksforunderstanding.org/chechnya/ list.html Broers, Laurence; Vatchagaev, Mairbek (Eds.-in-Chief) (2013, October-): Caucasus Survey. [p-ISSN: 2376- 1199, e-ISSN: 2376-1202]. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rcau20 Central Asia Program (CAP) (n.d.-): URL: https://centralasiaprogram.org Chitashvili, Marine; MacFarlane, S. Neil (Eds.) (2013-): Caucasus Social Science Review (CSSR). [ISSN: 2233- 3223]. URL: http://openjournals.gela.org.ge/index.php/CSSR Cornell, Svante E.; Nilsson, Niklas (Eds.) (2002, March-): The Central Asia-Caucasus ANALYST: A Biweekly Briefing on Current Affairs. URL: http://www.cacianalyst.org Demirtepe, Turgut; Hatipoğlu, Esra (Eds.) (2006-2015): Orta Asya ve Kafkasya Araştırmaları [Journal of Cen- tral Asian and Caucasian Studies (JCACS)]. [ISSN: 1306-682X]. URL: https://www.ceeol.com/search/jour- nal-detail?id=1019 Gamaghelyan, Philip et al. (Eds.) (2009-): Caucasus Edition: Journal of Conflict Transformation. [ISSN: 2155- 5478]. URL: https://caucasusedition.net ISSN 2334-3745 112 April 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 2 Hahn, Gordon M. (Author & Ed.) (2009-2013): Islam, Islamism, and Politics in Eurasia Report (IIPER). URL: https://www.csis.org/programs/russia-and-eurasia-program/archives/islam-islamism-and-politics-eur- asia-report Jackson, Alexander; Tatum, Jesse (Eds.) (2006, Winter-2010, Autumn): Caucasian Review of International Af- fairs (CRIA). [ISSN: 1865-6773]. URL: http://cria-online.org Tinnes, Judith (2015, February): Bibliography: Terrorism in, or Originating from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Russia (Part 1). Perspectives on Terrorism, 9(1), 122-156. URL: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/binaries/ content/assets/customsites/perspectives-on-terrorism/2015/volume-1/12-bibliography-terrorism-in-or-origi- nating-from-the-caucasus-central-asia-and-russia-part-1-compiled-and-selected-by-judith-tinnes.pdf Youngman, Mark (2013-): Mark Youngman: Researching Ideology, Political Violence, and Russia’s North Cauca- sus. URL: https://mark-youngman.com Books and Edited Volumes Arnold, Richard (2016): Russian Nationalism and Ethnic Violence: Symbolic Violence, Lynching, Pogrom and Massacre. (Europa Country Perspectives). Abingdon: Routledge. Associated Press (2015): The Boston Marathon Bombing: The Long Run from Terror to Renewal. Miami: Mango Media Miami / AP. Ayoob, Mohammed; Ismayilov, Murad (Eds.) (2015): Identity and Politics in Central Asia and the Caucasus. (Routledge Advances in Central Asian Studies, Vol. 7). Abingdon: Routledge. Baizakova, Zhulduz; McDermott, Roger N. (2015, July): Reassessing the Barriers to Islamic Radicalization in Kazakhstan. [e-Book]. (SSI Monographs). Carlisle: Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) / U.S. Army War College Press. URL: https://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/reassessing-the-barriers-to-islamic-radicalization-in-kazakhstan Botobekov, Uran (2019): Think Like Jihadist: Anatomy of Central Asian Salafi Groups. [e-Book]. n.p.: Modern Diplomacy. URL: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/product/anatomy-of-central-asian-salafi-groups Bowker, Mike (2007): Russia, America and the Islamic World. Aldershot: Ashgate. Dannreuther, Roland; March, Luke (Eds.) (2010): Russia and Islam: State, Society and Radicalism. (BASEES/ Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies). Abingdon: Routledge. Driscoll, Jesse (2015): Warlords and Coalition Politics in Post-Soviet States. (Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics). New York: Cambridge University Press. Dunlop, John B. (2014): The Moscow Bombings of September 1999: Examinations of Russian Terrorist Attacks at the Onset of Vladimir Putin’s Rule. (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society). Stuttgart: ibidem. Epkenhans, Tim (2016): The Origins of the Civil War in Tajikistan: Nationalism, Islamism, and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Space. Lanham: Lexington Books. Fredholm, Michael (2017): Transnational Organized Crime and Jihadist Terrorism: Russian-Speaking Networks in Western Europe. (Contemporary Terrorism Studies). Abingdon: Routledge. Fridman, Ofer; Kabernik, Vitaly; Pearce, James C. (Eds.) (2018): Hybrid Conflicts and Information Warfare: New Labels, Old Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Galeotti, Mark (Ed.) (2010): The Politics of Security in Modern Russia. (Post-Soviet Politics). Abingdon: Rout- ledge. Galeotti, Mark (2013): Russian Security and Paramilitary Forces since 1991. (Elite, Vol. 197). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISSN 2334-3745 113 April 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 2 Galeotti, Mark (2014): Russia’s Wars in Chechnya 1994–2009. (Essential Histories, Vol. 78). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Galeotti, Mark (2015): Spetsnaz: Russia’s Special Forces. (Elite, Vol. 206). Oxford: Osprey Publishing. Giduck, John (2005): Terror at Beslan: A Russian Tragedy with Lessons for America’s Schools. Golden: Archangel Group. Gilligan, Emma (2010): Terror in Chechnya: Russia and the Tragedy of Civilians in War. (Human Rights and Crimes against Humanity). Princeton: Princeton University Press. Giustozzi, Antonio (2018): The Islamic State in Khorasan: Afghanistan, Pakistan and the New Central Asian Jihad. London: Hurst. Gould, Rebecca (2016): Writers and Rebels: The Literature of Insurgency in the Caucasus. (Eurasia Past and Present). New Haven: Yale University Press. Hahn, Gordon M. (2014): The Caucasus Emirate Mujahedin: Global Jihadism in Russia’s North Caucasus and Beyond. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. Holzer, Jan; Laryš, Martin; Mareš, Miroslav (2019): Militant Right-Wing Extremism in Putin’s Russia: Legacies, Forms and Threats. (Post-Soviet Politics). Abingdon: Routledge. Iji, Tetsuro (2020): Multiparty Mediation in Violent Conflict: Peacemaking Diplomacy in the Tajikistan Civil War. (Routledge Studies in Security and Conflict Management). Abingdon: Routledge. Kaliszewska, Iwona; Falkowski, Maciej (2016): Veiled and Unveiled in Chechnya and Daghestan. London: Hurst. Kanet, Roger E. (Ed.) (2019): Routledge Handbook of Russian Security. (Routledge Handbooks). Abingdon: Routledge. Laruelle, Marlene (Ed.) (2017): The Central Asia–Afghanistan Relationship: From Soviet Intervention to the Silk Road Initiatives. (Contemporary Central Asia: Societies, Politics, and Cultures). Lanham: Lexington Books. Lemon, Edward (Ed.) (2018): Critical Approaches to Security in Central Asia. (Central Asian Studies). Abing- don: Routledge. Lenz-Raymann, Kathrin (2014): Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle: Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia. (Global Local Islam series). Bielefeld: transcript. Levine, Ilya (2016): US Policies in Central Asia: Democracy, Energy and the War on Terror. (Routledge Advances in Central Asian Studies, Vol. 9). Abingdon: Routledge. LoCicero, Alice (2014): Why “Good Kids” Turn into Deadly Terrorists: Deconstructing the Accused Boston Mar- athon Bombers and others like them. Santa Barbara: Praeger. McCauley, Martin (2013): Afghanistan and Central Asia: A Modern History. Abingdon: Routledge. (Original work published 2002) McPhee, Michele R. (2017): Maximum Harm: The Tsarnaev Brothers, the FBI, and the Road to the Marathon Bombing. Lebanon: Fore Edge. Merati, Simona E. (2017): Muslims in Putin’s Russia: Discourse on Identity, Politics, and Security. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan / Springer Nature. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53520-3 Meyers, Jeff (2017): The Criminal–Terror Nexus in Chechnya: A Historical, Social, and Religious Analysis. Lan- ham: Lexington Books. Migacheva, Katya; Frederick, Bryan (Eds.) (2018): Religion,
Recommended publications
  • Swedish Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq
    Swedish Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq An Analysis of open-source intelligence and statistical data Linus Gustafsson Magnus Ranstorp Swedish Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq An analysis of open-source intelligence and statistical data Swedish Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq An analysis of open-source intelligence and statistical data Authors: Linus Gustafsson Magnus Ranstorp Swedish Defence University 2017 Swedish Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: An analysis of open-source intelligence and statistical data Linus Gustafsson & Magnus Ranstorp © Swedish Defence University, Linus Gustafsson & Magnus Ranstorp 2017 No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. Swedish material law is applied to this book. The contents of the book has been reviewed and authorized by the Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership. Printed by: Arkitektkopia AB, Bromma 2017 ISBN 978-91-86137-64-9 For information regarding publications published by the Swedish Defence University, call +46 8 553 42 500, or visit our home page www.fhs.se/en/research/internet-bookstore/. Summary Summary The conflict in Syria and Iraq has resulted in an increase in the number of violent Islamist extremists in Sweden, and a significant increase of people from Sweden travelling to join terrorist groups abroad. Since 2012 it is estimated that about 300 people from Sweden have travelled to Syria and Iraq to join terrorist groups such as the Islamic State (IS) and, to a lesser extent, al-Qaeda affiliated groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra. Even though the foreign fighter issue has been on the political agenda for several years and received considerable media attention, very little is known about the Swedish contingent.
    [Show full text]
  • Racism in Russia and Its Effects on the Caucasian TESAM Akademi Dergisi - Turkish Journalregion of TESAM and Academy Peoples Ocak - January 2019
    Can KAKIŞIM / Racism in Russia and its Effects on the Caucasian TESAM Akademi Dergisi - Turkish JournalRegion of TESAM and Academy Peoples Ocak - January 2019. 6(1). 97 - 121 ISSN: 2148 – 2462 RACISM IN RUSSIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE CAUCASIAN REGION AND PEOPLES1 Can KAKIŞIM2 Abstract Nowadays, Russia is one of those countries which crucially suffer from the racist sentiments and movements. In this country, radical right has an extensive social base and both ruling party and some other political entities can put forward examples of extreme nationalism. Caucasian-origin people have been the most negatively Caucasian immigrants from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan asinfluenced well as group the Northernfrom these Caucasians approaches already since the holding beginning. Russian The citizenship have been target of numerous violent attacks especially in the 2000s. At the same time, rising racism in Russia strengthens expectations from the government to follow more active imperialist policies as racist groups more intensely defend and voice the rights of the Russians living in the former Soviet republics. Furthermore, between Russia and post-Soviet countries and in this sense, they these groups provide an additional fighting power in the clashes geography. compose a significant dimension of the interstate relations in this Keywords: Russia, Racism, Caucasia, Immigration, United Russia 1 Makalenin Geliş Tarihi: 15.04.2018 [email protected] Kabul Tarihi: 22.01.2019 2 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Karabük Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Uluslararası Atıf:İlişkiler Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi. e-mail: peoples. Tesam Akademi Dergisi - Kakışım C. (2019). Racism in Russia and its effects on the caucasian region and , 6(1), 97-121.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebranding Russia: Norms, Politics and Power
    Rebranding Russia: Norms, Politics and Power CEPS Working Document No. 283/February 2008 Andrey S.Makarychev Abstract This working paper argues that Russia is in the process of re-branding itself internationally, with a variety of normative arguments increasingly creeping into its wider international discourse. By appealing to norms, Russia tries to reformulate the key messages it sends to the world and implant the concept of its power worldwide. Yet given that Russia’s normative messages are often met with scarce enthusiasm in Europe, it is of utmost importance to uncover how the normative segment in Russian foreign policy is perceived, evaluated and debated both inside Russia and elsewhere. Within this framework, this paper focuses on a set of case studies highlighting the normative and non-normative dimensions of Russian foreign policy. These include Russia-EU trans- border cooperation, Moscow’s policies towards Estonia, Poland, Ukraine/Georgia and the UK, Russian strategies in the ‘war on terror’ and energy issues. CEPS Working Documents are intended to give an indication of work being conducted within CEPS research programmes and to stimulate reactions from other experts in the field. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the author in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which he is associated. ISBN-13: 978-92-9079-758-6 Available for free downloading from the CEPS website (http://www.ceps.eu) © Andrey S.Makarychev, 2008 Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. Norms, normativity, normalcy: Russia in search of its identity ............................................. 4 2.1 Normative intended: Russia-EU trans-border cooperation, 1990s- .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Refractions of Rome in the Russian Political Imagination by Olga Greco
    From Triumphal Gates to Triumphant Rotting: Refractions of Rome in the Russian Political Imagination by Olga Greco A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Comparative Literature) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Valerie A. Kivelson, Chair Assistant Professor Paolo Asso Associate Professor Basil J. Dufallo Assistant Professor Benjamin B. Paloff With much gratitude to Valerie Kivelson, for her unflagging support, to Yana, for her coffee and tangerines, and to the Prawns, for keeping me sane. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ............................................................................................................................... ii Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter I. Writing Empire: Lomonosov’s Rivalry with Imperial Rome ................................... 31 II. Qualifying Empire: Morals and Ethics of Derzhavin’s Romans ............................... 76 III. Freedom, Tyrannicide, and Roman Heroes in the Works of Pushkin and Ryleev .. 122 IV. Ivan Goncharov’s Oblomov and the Rejection of the Political [Rome] .................. 175 V. Blok, Catiline, and the Decomposition of Empire .................................................. 222 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 271 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • S:\FULLCO~1\HEARIN~1\Committee Print 2018\Henry\Jan. 9 Report
    Embargoed for Media Publication / Coverage until 6:00AM EST Wednesday, January 10. 1 115TH CONGRESS " ! S. PRT. 2d Session COMMITTEE PRINT 115–21 PUTIN’S ASYMMETRIC ASSAULT ON DEMOCRACY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY A MINORITY STAFF REPORT PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JANUARY 10, 2018 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations Available via World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–110 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 04:06 Jan 09, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5012 Sfmt 5012 S:\FULL COMMITTEE\HEARING FILES\COMMITTEE PRINT 2018\HENRY\JAN. 9 REPORT FOREI-42327 with DISTILLER seneagle Embargoed for Media Publication / Coverage until 6:00AM EST Wednesday, January 10. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BOB CORKER, Tennessee, Chairman JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland MARCO RUBIO, Florida ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JEFF FLAKE, Arizona CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware CORY GARDNER, Colorado TOM UDALL, New Mexico TODD YOUNG, Indiana CHRISTOPHER MURPHY, Connecticut JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming TIM KAINE, Virginia JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts ROB PORTMAN, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon RAND PAUL, Kentucky CORY A. BOOKER, New Jersey TODD WOMACK, Staff Director JESSICA LEWIS, Democratic Staff Director JOHN DUTTON, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 04:06 Jan 09, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\FULL COMMITTEE\HEARING FILES\COMMITTEE PRINT 2018\HENRY\JAN.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Looming Crisis
    FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE Russia’s Looming Crisis By David Satter Russia’s Looming Crisis By David Satter March 2012 About FPRI - - - Founded in 1955 by Ambassador Robert Strausz Hupé, FPRI is a non partisan,- non profit organization devoted to bringing the insights of scholarship to bear on the development of policies that advance U.S. national interests. In the tradition of Strausz Hupé, FPRI embraces history and geography to illuminate foreign policy challenges facing the United States. In 1990, FPRI established the Wachman Center to foster civic and international literacy in the community and in the classroom. FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 19102-3684 Tel. 215-732- -732-4401 1528 Walnut Street, Suite 610 • Philadelphia, PA 3774 • Fax 215 Email [email protected] • Website: www.fpri.org Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1. The Political Situation ........................................................................................................ 3 The Control of the Election Process ............................................................................................ 4 The Economic Key to Putin’s Political Success ....................................................................... 5 A Political Charade ............................................................................................................................ 6 An Election Fraud .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CTX Vol 2 No 4
    Vol. 2, No. 4 | CTX EDITORIAL STAFF From the Editor MICHAEL FREEMAN Executive Editor Welcome to our first special issue of CTX, “Social Media in Jihad and ANNA SIMONS Executive Editor Counterterrorism,” which is devoted to a wide-ranging exploration of social ELIZABETH SKINNER Managing Editor media and counterterrorism. Social media have become valuable tools for RYAN STUART Design & Layout combating crime and terrorism. According to LexisNexis® Risk Solutions, four out of five respondents to their survey of law enforcement professionals EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD reported using social media, particularly Facebook and YouTube, to aid VICTOR ASAL investigations. One officer said he believed his department’s use of social University at Albany SUNY media allowed personnel to defuse a terrorist threat involving students at a ALEJANDRA BOLANOS local high school. Two-thirds said they thought access to social media helps National Defense University solve crimes more quickly. LAWRENCE CLINE Naval Postgraduate School To better understand the role of social media in combating terrorism, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California held a small STEPHEN DI RIENZO workshop on Social Media and Counterterrorism this past June. Sponsored National Intelligence University by the Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program, the workshop brought SAJJAN GOHEL together a diverse group of people, including researchers, law enforcement Asia Pacific Foundation and military officers, and media experts from the United States, Ireland, and SEBASTIAN GORKA the Philippines. Participants were invited to submit papers for inclusion in National Defense University this special issue of CTX. JAKUB GRYGIEL School of Advanced International We are delighted to present here six papers that we received from partici- Studies pants of the workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • “Global Terrorism Index: 2015.” Institute for Economics and Peace
    MEASURING AND UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM Quantifying Peace and its Benefits The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) is an independent, non-partisan, non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the world’s focus to peace as a positive, achievable, and tangible measure of human well-being and progress. IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness; providing metrics for measuring peace; and uncovering the relationships between business, peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural, economic and political factors that create peace. IEP has offices in Sydney, New York and Mexico City. It works with a wide range of partners internationally and collaborates with intergovernmental organizations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace. For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.org SPECIAL THANKS to the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) headquartered at the University of Maryland for their cooperation on this study and for providing the Institute for Economics and Peace with their Global Terrorism Database (GTD) datasets on terrorism. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 ABOUT THE GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX 6 1 RESULTS 9 Global Terrorism Index map 10 Terrorist incidents map 12 Ten countries most impacted by terrorism 20 Terrorism compared to other forms of violence 30 2 TRENDS 33 Changes in the patterns and characteristics of terrorist activity 34 Terrorist group trends 38 Foreign fighters in Iraq
    [Show full text]
  • Nostalgia for the Soviet Past in the Post-Soviet Countries
    1 Nostalgia for the Soviet Past in the Post-Soviet Countries By Tatsiana Amosava Introduction Maurice Halbwachs made collective memory an object of sociological research (1992). For the last half of a century it has become a prolific field of study with collective trauma as a principal concern. However, another modality of the collective memory has attracted a lot of researchers’ attention: nostalgia which eliminates any pain related to the past and presents it in harmonious, non-shady version. Initially introduced in the end of the 17th century as a form of psychological disorder (as a disease) found in Swiss mercenaries who carried their services abroad, nostalgia was perceived differently by the representatives of different epochs. It became a fashion in the 19th century, and even now it is closely associated with fashion. Nowadays nostalgia is seen as a psychological mecanism of maintaining the identity continuity (Fred Davis) and a mechanism which helps sustaining the wholeness of personality. Nostalgia relates to life cycles. There are identifiable groups of population who are inclined to nostalgia. There are certain age groups: people in their late twenties are nostalgic of their late teen years, and the group of middle-aged people who are around their forty (till recently it 2 was possible to argue that it is an empty nest phase in the life cycle of women). Also, very old persons show the acute signs of longing for the past. In addition, there is a gender distinction: it is more typical of men to experience nostalgia than of women. Fred Davis (1979) believes that it is a result of more complicated life trajectories in men who worked in different places, served in the army, migrated more actively than women, while the surroundings of women were rather stable, non-changeable, and women’s identities did not require a lot of adaptation to new circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • The Curse of Russian "Exceptionalism"
    October 2013 THE CURSE OF RUSSIAN “EXCEPTIONALISM” By David Satter David Satter is an FPRI senior fellow and is also affiliated with the Hudson Institute and the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). His latest book, It Was a Long Time Ago and It Never Happened Anyway: Russia and the Communist Past, is out in paperback from Yale. In his recent op-ed in The New York Times, Russian president Vladimir Putin’s objected to the idea of American “exceptionalism.” This is ironic because the nation whose state tradition is based on a claim to exceptionalism is not the U.S. but Russia. In his speech calling for a military strike against Syria, President Obama said that America was exceptional because it is not indifferent to human suffering. This is quite different from making a claim to inherent superiority. Under both tsars and communists, however, Russia insisted that it had a right to remake the world because of the monopoly on truth contained in its ruling doctrine. In the post-communist era, Russia no longer has an ideology. But it glorifies its past and frequently acts as if the rights of others do not exist. The key to Russia’s sense of exceptionalism is a belief in the quasi-divine status of the Russian state. It is this notion that is responsible for the absence of the rule of law in Russia and the low value that is attached to human life. The deification of the state in Russia has deep roots. The dominant religion in Russia is Orthodox Christianity.
    [Show full text]
  • LEVANTINE RESET: Toward a More Viable U.S. Strategy for Lebanon
    ANALYSIS PAPER Number 21, July 2010 LEVANTINE RESET: Toward a More Viable U.S. Strategy for Lebanon Bilal Y. Saab ANALYSIS PAPER Number 21, July 2010 LEVANTINE RESET: Toward a More Viable U.S. Strategy for Lebanon Bilal Y. Saab TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . iii Acknowledgements . vi The Author . vii Introduction . 1 The Importance of Lebanon to the United States . 4 The Problems of Lebanon . 14 A New U .S . Strategy for Lebanon . 24 LEVANTINE RESET: TOWarD A MOre ViaBle U .S . StrateGY FOR LEBanON ii The Saban Center at Brookings EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he United States should adopt a new ap- exploit Lebanon to improve their strategic positions proach toward Lebanon if it wishes to secure in the region at the expense of the United States its interests in that country and in the broader and its allies . Two, an internally secure and strong TMiddle East . The 1983 attack against the U .S . Ma- Lebanon that is capable of fixing or defusing its own rines in Lebanon was the beginning of the end of problems boosts U S. security interests in the Middle the United States’ involvement in Lebanon . Since East and those of its ally, Israel . Three, the United then, with the exception of a brief period during States has a strategic interest in supporting demo- the George W . Bush administration, there has been cratic countries and in strengthening democratic in- a strong sentiment in Washington that the price of stitutions around the world . The fact that Lebanon is U .S . engagement is too high, and that problems in a democracy (even if imperfect) with liberal impulses Lebanon are not threatening to American strate- that plays an important cultural-intellectual role in gic interests in the Middle East .
    [Show full text]
  • Stability in Russia's Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus: Recent Developments
    Stability in Russia’s Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus: Recent Developments Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs December 13, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34613 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Stability in Russia’s Chechnya and Other Regions of the North Caucasus Summary Terrorist attacks in Russia’s North Caucasus—a border area between the Black and Caspian Seas that includes the formerly breakaway Chechnya and other ethnic-based regions—appeared to increase substantially in 2007-2009. Moreover, civilian and government casualties reached levels not seen in several years and terrorist attacks again took place outside the North Caucasus. Although the number of terrorist incidents may have leveled off or even declined slightly in 2010 from the high levels of 2009, the rate of civilian and government casualties continued to increase throughout the North Caucasus in 2010 and a rising number of terrorist incidents took place outside of Chechnya. Illustrative of the new range and scope of violence, the Moscow subway system was bombed in March 2010, resulting in over 40 deaths and dozens of injuries. Before the recent rise in terrorism, it seemed that government security forces had been successful in tamping down their range and scope by aggressively carrying out over a thousand sweep operations (“zachistki”) in the North Caucasus. During these operations, security forces surround a village and search the homes of the residents, ostensibly in a bid to apprehend terrorists. Critics of the operations allege that the searches are illegal and that troops frequently engage in pillaging and gratuitous violence and are responsible for kidnapping for ransom and “disappearances” of civilians.
    [Show full text]