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Design Aesthetics of Taipei City Walls 15 OriginalThe Bulletin papers of JSSD Received February 2, 2012; Accepted February 1, 2016 determinants of emotional state Psychological Review 1962; 613-622. Original paper 69: 379-399. 29. Essa IA, Pentland AP. Coding, analysis, interpretation, and 14. Reevy GM. Encyclopedia of emotion. Santa Barbara, recognition of facial expressions. IEEE Transactions on Greenwood: CA, 2010. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1997; 19(7): DESIGN AESTHETICS OF TAIPEI CITY WALLS 15. Fridlund AJ. Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. 757-63. Academic Press: London, 2014. 30. Valstar M. Automatic facial expression analysis. In Mandal Aesthetic Principles and Culture Preservation 16. Mahrabian A. Silent messages. Wadsworth: Belmont, CA, MK, Awasthi A (Eds.), Understanding facial expressions in 1981. communication. Springer: India, 2015; 143-172. 17. Ekman P, Friesen WV. Facial action coding system: A 31. Pos O, Green-Armytage P. Facial expression, colors and Chang-Rong LIN *, Ta-Wei KUO**, Yu-Fu YANG**, Hsuan-Chu CHEN**, Jui-Che TU** technique for the measurement of facial movement. basic emotions. Color: Design & Creativity 2007; 1(1): 2, Consulting Psychologists Press: Palo Also, 1978. 1-20. *Department of Art Industry, National Taitung University 18. Ekman P, Friesen WV, O'Sullivan M, Diacoyanni-T I, 32. Lajevardi SM, Wu HR. Facial expression recognition in 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung, Taiwan, R.O.C. Krause R, Pitcairn T, Scherer K, et al. Universals and cultural perceptual color space. IEEE Transactions on Image ** Graduate School of Design, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology,Yunlin differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Processing 2012; 21(8): 3721-3733. 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, R.O.C. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987; 53: 33. Pantic M, Patras I. Dynamics of facial expression: 712-17. Recognition of facial actions and their temporal segments 19. Ekman P, Sorenson ER, Friesen WV. Pan-cultural elements from face profile image sequences. IEEE Transactions on Abstract: The construction of Taipei City Walls was started in the Qing dynasty (1882 A.D.) by in facial displays of emotion. Science 1969; 164: 86-88. Systems, Man and Cybernetics: Part B 2006; 36(2): Guangdong craftsmen. It was the last city that used the concept of feng shui during the Qing dynasty and 20. Izard C. The face of emotion. Appleton-Century-Crofts: New 433-449. the only rectangular stone city in Taiwan's history. Taipei is the most modernized city in Taiwan, and the York, NY, 1971. 34. Zhan Y, Zhou G. Facial expression recognition based on construction of tall buildings and skyscrapers has led to the gradual disappearance of the original Taipei 21. Pollak SD, Messner M, Kistler DJ, Cohn JF. Development of hybrid features and fusing discrete HMM. In Shumaker, R. City Walls. Taipei City Walls is unique in the history of Taiwan, and its design and planning are also perceptual expertise in emotion recognition. Cognition 2009; (Ed.), Virtual Reality, HCII 2007, (LNCS 4563) different.This study used text analysis and case investigation to consider space according to the process of 110: 242-47. Springer-Verlag: Berlin/ Heidelberg, 2007; 408-417. changes in the social history in an attempt to analyze the design aesthetics of Taipei City Walls as the 22. Rinn WE. The neuropsychology of facial expression: a 35. Lau BT. Portable real time needs expression for people with preliminary foundation for urban design aesthetics in Taiwan.The analysis of the design aesthetics review of the neurological and psychological mechanisms communication disabilities. In Proceedings of according to several aesthetic principles showed that the principles of the presentation of style beauty for producing facial expressions. Psychological Bulletin Communication in Computer and Information Science: included: Host-Guest disposition method, Graphic harmony rule, Significant harmony rule and Landscape 1984; 95(1): 52-77. Intelligent Interactive Assistance and Mobile Multimedia viewing rule, breaking through the past politics-based power distribution. Although the aesthetic principle 23. Knapp ML, Hall JA. Nonverbal communication in human Computing. Springer-Verlag: Berlin/ Heidelberg, Germany, has been called an historical inheritance, its meaning was completely different, and it initiated the city interaction (7th ed.). Cengage Learning: Boston, MA, 2010. 2009; 85-95. morphology of Taipei City. 24. Ekman P, Friesen WV, Hager JC. Facial action coding 36. Loijens L, Krips O. Facereader Methodology. Noldus system- the manual. Research Nexus, a subsidiary of Information Technology: Wageningen, Nederland, 2012. Keywords: Taipei City Walls, design aesthetics, Life Network Information Research Corporation: Salt Lake City, 37. Zaman B, Shrimpton-S T. The FaceReader: Measuring 2002. instant fun of use. In Proceedings of the 4th Nordic 25. Reeve J, Nix G. Expressing intrinsic motivation through acts Conference on Human-computer Interaction. ACM New 1. Introduction of exploration and facial displays of interest. Motivation and York, 2006; 457-460. Major metropolitan areas in every nation are faced with damage to environments that have historical meaning, due Emotion 1997; 21(3): 237-50. modernization and globalization challenges during the rapid to economic interests. Therefore, modernization may also 26. Scherer KR, Clark-P E, Mortillaro M. In the eye of the 38. Cohen AS, Morrison SC, Callaway DA. Computerized facial development of their economies, causing the traditional lead to a crisis of extinction. There are only a few city gates beholder? universality and cultural specificity in the analysis for understanding constricted/ blunted affect: Initial metropolitan style to become homogenized. The purpose of currently remaining in Taipei City Walls. They have expression and perception of emotion. International Journal feasibility, reliability, and validity data. Schizophrenia urban planning is to improve the quality of the metropolitan become traffic circles isolated in the center of the City’s of Psychology 2011; 46(6): 401-35. Research 2013; 148: 111-116. public space and connect the living experience of the roads. 27. Song KT, Han MJ, Hong J. Online learning design of an 39. Danner L, Haindl S, Joechl M, Duerrschmid K. Facial citizens with their feelings, while dealing with the related The City Walls have also been turned into broad roads, image-based facial expression recognition system. Intelligent expressions and autonomous nervous system responses model of substantial space and human-crowded activities. and their historical memory has been gradually forgotten. Service Robotics 2010; 3(3): 151-162. elicited by tasting different juices. Food Research The plan includes the composition of the external and Among the existing preserved documents, only traces of the 28. Ray A, Chakrabarti A. Design and implementation of International 2014; 64: 81-90. internal spaces of the environment, and the relative historical inheritance or narrative depictions can be found. affective e-learning strategy based on facial emotion 40. Brunswik E. Representative design and probabilistic theory construction between spatial design and environmental However, the nature of design, especially the nature of recognition. In Proceeding of the International Conference in a functional psychology. Psychological Review 1955; elements. aesthetics, has never been investigated. As city dwellers, on Information Systems Design and Intelligent Applications. 62(3): 193-217. However, the process of modernization is usually citizens cannot understand how to maintain their living Springer-Verlag: Berlin/ Heidelberg, Germany, 2012; accompanied by the maltreatment of historical heritage or environment until they have an understanding of 10 THE SCIENCE OF DESIGN BULLETIN OF JSSD Vol. xx No. x 20xx Copyright © 2016 日本デザイン学会 All Rights Reserved. THE SCIENCE OF DESIGN B U L L E T I N O F JSSD Vol. 62 No. 5 2016 79 THE SCIENCE OF DESIGN BULLETIN OF JSSD Vol. xx No. x 20xx 1 environmental aesthetics. Consequently, this study 4) Analyze the design aesthetics of Taipei City Walls. investigates the nature and meaning of beauty from an aesthetic perspective. 2. Study Method and Architecture The design of Taipei City Walls is unique and its From the perspectives of the historical context and the potential value is still to be discovered. Taipei City Walls history of the system, this study researches the space does not simply signify the ruins of an ancient city. It brings through the social and historical changes. Then it expounds new cultural identification to the metropolis of Taipei, upon, or infers the possibility of, the design aesthetics by where tall buildings are everywhere. It is necessary to means of the research method of “taking the system as the analyze the aesthetic perspectives and rediscover the local media” or the “two-phase demonstration method” [2]. culture based on the analysis of design aesthetics. 2.1 Study Method 1.1 Purposes 1) Text analysis: discuss the historical context of Taipei City Taipei City’s history is more than one hundred years Walls’s construction through a literature review. long, since its establishment. It was considered as a 2) Case study: conduct an analysis of the design aesthetics marginal zone in the past (centering on Tainan, the of Taipei City Walls’ construction, determine the design prefectural city of Taiwan), while now it is the political and trends, decompose the feelings and describe the natural
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