Index

A Adam complex, 732-733 lambda pattem, 233 Aarskog syndrome, 1029 Adduction, 125 V-pattern, 232 Aase-Smith syndrome, 1029 Adhesive syndrome, 255 X-pattern, 233 Aase syndrome, 1029 Adie's tonic pupil, 1013 Y-pattem, 232 Abduction, 125 Adjustable suture techniques, 279 Alport's syndrome, 451, 464, 665, Abetalipoproteinemia, 101, 1029 Adolescent chlamydial 824-826 Ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome, conjunctivitis, 339 Alstrom syndrome, 103, 548, 661, 1029 Adrenochrome, 363 826-827 Abnormal visual development, 158 Adrenoleukodystrophy, 977-978 Altematecover testing, 195 Abruzzo-Erickson syndrome, 1029 neonatal, 977 Alternates fixation, 164 Acanthamoeba, 399, 400 Afferent pupillary defect, 867-868 Amaurosis, Leber's, 546-547 keratitis, 399-400 Afterimage test, 185-186 Amblyopia, 123-296 Acanthocytosis, 1022 Aglossia-adactyly syndrome, 1048 assessment, 190 Accommodative convergence, 155, Agnathia-holoprosencephaly, 33 associated with cataract, 471 225 Agonist, 125 classification of, 160 to accommodation ratio, Agyria, 941 with congenital-infantile esotropia, measuring, 198-199 Aicardi's syndrome, 720, 823-824, 206 near reflex, 155 931, 932-933 diagnosis, 163-166 Accommodative esotropia, 213-214 AIDS fixation testing for, 164-166 infantile, 218-219 ocular manifestations of, 514-515 functional, 159 Achiasmia, 111 opportunistic ocular infections, hypermetropic, bilateral, 162 Achromatopsia, 103, 1016 635-636 organic, 159 Acid bum, 77 Airbag trauma, 88 pathophysiology, 160 Acid solutions, 86 Alacrima, 314, 348 prognosis, 170 Acrocallosal syndrome, Schinzel congenital, 348 prognosis of, 170 type, 1029 Alagille's syndrome, 371 strabismis, 160-161 Acrocephalopolydactylous dysplasia, Albers-Schonberg disease, 758-759 treatment, 167-170 1029 Albinism, 1ll-112, 749-750, unilateral pattem distortion, Acrocephalopolysyndactyly, 1032, 1016-1017 161-162 1040 Albright's syndrome, 329 vision screening, 166-167 Acrocephaloysyndactyly, 1049, 1051 Alignment, neonatal, 157-158 visual evoked potentials, 113-115 Acrodysostosis, 10029 eye movement development, 158 Amblyopia ex anopsia, 159 Acrofacial dysostosis, 1047 smooth pursuit asymmetry, 158 Amblyopic vision, 163 Acrofacial dysplasia, 1039 Alkahne bum, 77 Amblyoscope, 184-185 Acro-fronto-facio-nasal dysostosis Alkahne solutions, 85 Amblys, 159 syndrome, 1029 Alkaptonuria, 406, 750 American Cancer Society, 75 Acromegaloid facial appearance Allagille syndrome, 664 American Foundation for Blind, 76 syndrome, 1029 Allergie conjunctivitis, 343-346 American Printing House for Blind, Acromegaloid phenotype-cutis atopic jeratoconjunctivitis, 76 verticis gyrata-comeal 345-346 Ametropie amblyopia, 162 leukoma, 1029 giant papillary conjunctivitis, 345 Amniocele, 315 Acro-osteolysis syndrome, 1040 seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, Amniotic band syndrome, 300, Active forced-generation test, 202 343-344 732-733 Active stimulation, amblyopia, 170 vemal conjunctivitis, 344-345 Amniotic rupture sequence, 732-733 Acuity Allergie granulomatosis, 572 Amniotocele, 315-316, 338 binocular, 965 Allgrove syndrome, 352 Amplification, electroretinogram, 94 neuro-ophthalmology exam, Alopecia, 639 Amyloid, 407 865-866 Alphabet pattems, 232-249 lid, 310 testing, low-illumination, 866-867 A-pattem, 232-234, 232-248, 233 Amyloidosis, 407 Acute retinal necrosis syndrome, 510 arrow pattem, 232 Anemia, 573

1059 1060 INDEX Anencephaly, 33-34, 1022 embryology, 369-3 70 Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, 345 Anesthesia, examination under, 60 iris ectropion, 3 7 4 Atrophy Aneuploidy, 678, 694 iris hypoplasia, 371 dominant optic, 109 Angelman syndrome, 1036 mesenchymal dysgenesis, 369 gyrate, 101, 664 Angioedema, lid, 310 posterior embryotoxon, 370-371 hemifacial, 991-993 Angioid streaks, 566, 660-661, 740 primary congenital glaucoma, 375 hereditary optic, 109 Angio-Osteohypertrophy syndrome, Rieger's anomaly, 372 iris, 376 1043 Anterior segment disease, 333-480 Atropine mydriasis, 1013-1014 Angiotensin-converting enzyme, 630 Anterior subcapsular cataract, Atropine penalization, 169 Angle kappa, testing, 192-193 451-452 ATR-X-syndrome, 1057 Angle of anomaly, 176, 185 Antiepileptic medication, 110 Autoimmune myasthenia gravis, Angle recession, 84-85 Antisaccades, 876 898-901 Angular conjunctivitis, 339 Antisuppression, 178 botulism, 901 Aniridia, 434-436, 493-494, 659 A-pattems, 232-248, 283 Autorefractors, 66 Aniridia-cerbellar ataxia-mental Apert syndrome, 714-715 Autosomal dominant keratitis, 394 deficiency, 1039 Aphakia, 469-4 72 Autosomal dominant neovascular Aniseikonia, 172 Aphakic glaucoma, 495-496 inflammatory Anisocoria, 868-869, 1011-1015 Aphakic spectacles, 4 71 vitreoretinopathy, 563-564 Adie's tonic pupil, 1013 Aplasia, 661 Autosomal dominant retinitis atropine mydriasis, 1013-1014 extraocular muscles, 2 70 pigmentosa, 545 causes of, 1012 Aplasia cutis congenita, 1022 Autosomal dominant neuroanatomy, 1011 Arachnodactyly, 741, 1022 vitreoretinochoroidopathy, parasympathetic lesions, 1013 Arachnoid cysts, 952 563-564 simple ansiocoria, 1012 Arden ratio, 529 Autosomal recessive retinitis sympathetic lesions, 1012-1013 Argyria, 1022 pigmentosa, 545-546 third nerve palsy, 1013 Argyrosis, 363 Avellino dystrophy, 412 Anisometropia, retinopathy of Arhinencephaly, 1022 Avitaminosis A, 401 prematurity, 611-612 Arnold-Chiari malformation, Axenfeld anomaly, 433 Anisametropie amblyopia, 162 993-995 Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly, 1031 Ankyloblepharon, 303 Arrow pattem, 232 Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, 371-373, Anomalaus head posturing, 967 Arthritis 433, 434 Anomalaus retinal correspondence, juvenile chronic, 501-503 Axenfeld's anomaly, 372, 494 163, 175-177 juvenile idiopathic, 501-503 Axenfeld's syndrome, 494 Anophthalmia, 386-387 juvenile rheumatoid, 501-503, Axes of Fick, 140 Anophthalmos, 383, 386 631-632 Axiallength, 39 Antagonist, 125 Arthrogryposis, 1022 Anterior blepharitis, 346 Arthro-ophthalmopathy, hereditary B Anterior cataract, 450-452 progressive, 557, 746, 1053 Bacillus, 516 Anterior chamber, 17-18 Arylsulfatase-A, 974 Bacterial conjunctivitis, 338-340 Anterior chamber angle, 43-44 Aspartoacylase deficiency, 982 adolescent chlamydial development of, 43-44 Aspergillus, 403, 516 conjunctivitis, 339 Anterior chamber washout, 82 Asphyxia, 944 angular conjunctivitis, 339 Anterior membrane dystrophy, 410 Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, 666 haemophilus influenzae, 339 Anterior polar cataract, 450-451 Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, Parinaud's oculoglandular Anterior pyramidal cataract, 451 1042 syndrome, 339-340 Anterior scleritis, diffuse, 515 Association for Macular Diseases, 76 Bacterial diseases, 845-849 Anterior segment Association for Retarded Citizens of cat scratch disease, 845-846 dysgenesis, 29-30, 378 u.s., 76 Lyme disease, 846-847 trauma, nonperforating, 84-85 Astigmatism, retinopathy of syphilis, 847-849 vascular supply, 138-139 prematurity, 611-612 Bacterial keratitis, 339, 399, 402 Anterior segment developmental Astrocytic hamartoma, 581 Bacterial meningitis, 945 anomalies, 369-375 Astrocytoma, 946 Bagolini lenses, 183 4q25, 373-374 of brainstem, 947 Bagolini striated lens test, 17 4 6p25, 373 of cerebellum, 947 Baller-Gerold syndrome, 1031 13q14, 373 of cerebrum, 94 7 Band keratopathy, 407 acquired ectropion, 3 7 4 of hypothalamus, 947 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Alagille's syndrome, 371 of optic nerve, 947 syndrome, 1031 Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Ataxia syndromes, hereditary, Bannayan syndrome, 1031 371-373 984-985 Bardet-Biedl syndrome, 101, 548, Axenfeld's anomaly, 372 Ataxia telangiectasia, 777-778, 985, 662, 666, 1031 congenital iris ectropion, 374-375 1031 Barkan's membrane, 487 comea, 391 Atopic jeratoconjunctivitis, 345-346 Bartonella henselae, 340, 845, 846 INDEX 1061 Bartonella henselae, 845, 846 Blepharitis, 346-347 tumors, 946-952 Basal encephalocele, 924 anterior, 346 of congenital origin, 951-952 Basilar impression syndromes, 993, anterior blepharitis, 346-347 of glial origin, 946-950 997-999 extemal hordeolum, 34 7 of meningeal origin, 950-951 Bassen-Komzweig disease, 1029 phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, of neural origin, 950 Bathocephaly, 1022 347 Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome, 828, Batten-Mayou disease, 975 posterior, 346 1032 Batten's disease, 105, 112, 975-976, staphylococcal blepharitis, Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, 314, 1016 346-347 1045 Battered child syndrome, 77-79 Blepharoconjunctivitis, 346 Brown's syndrome, 242, 245-248, Beals' syndrome, 1031 seborrheic, 347-348 902 Bear tracks, 577, 578, 582 Blepharophimosis, 302, 1032 acquired, 245-246 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, familial, 1032 canine tooth syndrome, 248 1031 Blepharoptosis, 303 clinical features, 245 Behcet's disease, 512-513 Blindness. See also Night blindness; congenital, 245, 902 Beibomian gland dysfunction, 348 Visualloss elevation deficit, 246-247 Berardinelli-Lipodystrophy color, 550-551 surgery, 247-248 syndrome, 1032 parental reactions to diagnosis of, etiology, 245 Berardinelli-Seip Congenital 72-73 iatrogenic, 240 Lipodystrophy syndrome, 1032 Bloch-Sulzherger syndrome, 752, inflammatory, 246 Bergmeister's papilla, formation of, 21 1042 silicone tendon expander, 247-248 Berlin's edema. See Commotio Blood staining, comeal, 80 Wright superior oblique tendon retinae Blue-dot cataract, 457 expander, 24 7 Berman's syndrome, 1052 Blue nevi, 365 Bruch's membrane, 523-538 Bemheimer-Seiteberger disease, 1039 Blue sclera, 387, 745 Bruckner reflex test, 64, 193 Best's disease, 103, 528-530 Blurred disc margins, 1010-1011 Brushfield spots, 437, 683 Best's vitelliform dystrophy, 528 Blurred retinal image, bilateral, Bulineck anomalies, 993 Beta-glucuronidase deficiency, 1046 162-163 Bull's-Eye maculopathy, 662-663 Bicolor iris, 437-442 Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Buphthalmos, 485 Bielschowsky head tilt test, 234-235 syndrome, 1032 Burkitt lymphoma, 363 Bifocals, hypermetropic Borrelia, 991 Bums, chemical, 85-86 accommodative esotropia, Borrelia burgdorferi, 513, 846, 847 Butterfly dystrophy, 531 215-216 Boston-type cranisynostosis, 1032 Bifoveal fusion, 148 Botulin, 290-291 c Bilaterallesions, posterior pole, congenital-infantile esotropia, 213 Caffey pseudo-Hurler syndrome, 525-526 Botulism, 901 1039 Binocular acuity, 965 Bowman's membrane, formation of, Campomelic dysplasia, 1032 Binocular cortical cells, 144 17 Camptodactyly, 1022 Binocular cortical neurons, 157 Brachmann-de Lange syndrome, left-palate-club-foot, Gordon Type, Binocular fusion, 144 827-828, 1032 1036 Binocular infantile cataracts, Brachycephaly, 1022 Campylobacter jejuni, 892, 893 472-473 Brachydactyly, 1022 Camurati-Enge1mann syndrome, Binocular vision, 144-156 Brachydactyly-spherophakia 1032 bifoveal fusion, 148 syndrome, 1056 Canadian Cerebra! Palsy monocular depth perception, 148 Brain, malformation complexes, Association, 75 motor fusion, 149 31-33 Canaliculi,315 physiological diplopia, 145-146 Brain lesions, 940-953 Canavan's disease, 981-982 rivalry, 148-149 congenital abnormalities, 940-942 Candida, 403, 516 sensory fusion, 144-149 cellular migration, proliferation, Candlelighters Childhood Cancer stereo acuity testing, 146-148 941-942 Foundation, 75 contour stereo acuity test, 147 disorders of, 941-942 Candle-wax drippings, 504 random dot stereo acuity test, induction disorders, 940-941 Canine tooth syndrome, 248 147-148 infection, 945-946 Canthaxanthine, 536 stereoscopic vision, 144-145 acquired infection, 945-946 Capillary hemangioma, 308, 324, Binocular visual development, 157 congenital infection, 945 359-360, 655 Binocular visual evoked potential, 96 macrocephaly, 942-944 Carbidopa, amblyopia, 170 Bird-headed dwarfism, 1052 perinatal injuries, 944-945 Cardiac-limb syndrome, 1041 Birth trauma, 84 asphyxia, 944 Cardio-facio cutaneous syndrome, Birth weight, retinopathy of cranial neuropathies, 945 1032 prematurity, 601 intracranial hemorrhage, Carotid-cavemous fistula, 329, 574 Bitot's spots, 401, 640 944-945 Carpenter syndrome, 716, 1032 Black sunbursts, 566 mechanical, 944 Cat scratch disease, 340, 845-846 1062 INDEX Cataract Cerebellar ataxias, 109 Choristomata, 308 amblyopia associated with, 471 Cerebellar paenchymal disorder, 1042 Choroid, formation of, 19 anterior, 450-452 Cerebral gigantixm syndrome, 1053 Choroid plexus tumors, 950 bilateral, 457, 465 Cerebral visual impairment, Choroidal fissure, formation of, 12 congenital, 45 7 1017-1018 Choroidal nevus, 576 patching, 467-468 electrophysiological testing, Choroidal osteoma, 580-581 bilateral patching, 467-468 1017-1018 Choroidal rupture, 85 binocular infantile, 472-473 Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome, 979, Chromosomal abnormalities, 676 central, 452-453 1057 Chromosomal anomalies, 675-704 cerulean, 457 Cerebro-oculo-facio-skelatal aneuploidy syndromes, 694 congenital, early surgery for, 4 72 syndrome, 1033 chromosomal disease, 675-681 corticosteroids and, 464 Cerebroside sulfatase, 97 4 deletional syndromes, 684-689 diffuse, 456-457 Ceroid lipofuscinosis, 112, 548 duplication syndromes, 689-694 etiology, 457-458 Cerulean cataract, 45 7 monosomy syndromes, 684 glaucoma, 464 Cervico-occipital proximity, diseases sex-determining chromosomes, infantile, morphological of, 993 694-695 classification, 450 Cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome, trisomy syndromes, 681-684 inheritance, 458-464 728-730, 1033 Chromosomal disease, basic lamellar, 453 CFC syndrome, 1032 concepts, 675-681 management of, 465-469 Chalazia, 307 Chromosomes, sex-determining, membranous, 457 lid, 307 694-695 monocular infantile, 472-473 Chalazion, 348 Chronic progressive extemal morphological classification of, Chalcosis, 640 opthalmoplegia (CPEO), 903 450 retained metallic foreign bodies, Chronic progressive opthalmoplegia. nonsurgical treatment, 467-468 640-641 See Keams-Sayre syndrome. nuclear, 452 Chandler's syndrome, 376-377 Chrysiasis, 363 oil-drop, 456 CHARGE association, 385, 706, Churg-Strauss disease, 572 polar, 450-451 731-732, 828-831, 1033 Ciancia's syndrome, 208-209 posterior, 453-45 7 CHARGE-like syndrome, 1029 Ciliary body, 18-19 posterior capsule, 468-469 Chavasse theory, 204 Ciliospinal center of Budge, 1011 posterior subcapsular, 456 Check ligaments, 138 Circumscribed posterior prognosis of, 472-473 Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 658, 749 keratoconus, 380-381 pyramidal, 451 Cheese-wire, 260 Clarity, in communication of radiation, 86 Chemical bums, 85-86 diagnosis, 7 4 rubella, 458-461 Chemical conjunctivitis, 335 Clear retinal image, 167-168 subcapsular, 451-452 Chemotherapy keratoconjunctivitis, Cleft lip sequence, 1033 sunflower, 641 352-353 Cleidocranial dysostosis, 1034 surgery, 443, 468-469 Cheney syndrome, 1040 Cleidocranial dysplasia, 1034 complications, 471-472 Cherry-red spot, 654-655 Clinodactyly, 1022 early, 472 Chiari malformation, 940 Cloquet's canal, formation of, 21 late, 473 Chiasmal abnormalities, 110-112 Clostridium botulinum, 901 timing of, 466-467 Chiasmal glioma, 110-111 Cloudy comea, 391 sutural, 452-453 Children's Oncology Group, 588 Clouston's syndrome, 1034 systemic evaluation, 465 Chlamydia, 335, 399 Coat's disease, 567-569, 655 timing of surgery for, 466-467 conjunctivitis, 336-33 7 Coccidioides, 516 total, 457 trachomatis, 336 Cockayne syndrome, 664, 752-753, traumatic, 85 Chloral hydrate, in patient 831-833 I 1034 unilateral, 457-458, 465 examination, 58-59 Coffin-Diris syndrome, 1034 congenital, 457-458 Chlorambucil, 639 Coffin-Lowry syndrome, 1034 visual significance of, 465-466 Chloroquinine, 110 Cogan-Reese syndrome, 377 Cat-eye syndrome, 1033 Chocolate cysts, 361 Cogan's microcystic dystrophy, 410 Cavemous hemangioma, 655 Chondrodysplasia punctata, 747-748 Cohen syndrome, 745, 1034 Cellular blue nevi, 365 autosomal recessive type, 1033 Collicular plate syndrome, 882 Cellular migration, proliferation, X-linked dominant type, 1033 Colloid cyst, 949 disorders of, 941-942 X-linked recessive type, 1033 Coloboma, 13, 431-432, 680 Central areolar pigment Chondrodystrophica myotonia iris-anal atresia syndrome, 1033 epitheliopathy, 534 syndrome, 1051 optic disc, 924-925 Central cataract, 452-453 Choriocapillaris, 523-538 Colobomata, lid, 299-300 Central nervaus system, ocular Choriretinitis, lymphocytic Color blindness, 550-551 motility disorders, 876-897 choriomeningitis virus, 633 Color vision assessment, 63 Centronuclear myopathy, congenital, Choristomas, 356, 440 City University Color Vision Test, 906 complex, 356 63 INDEX 1063 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Congenital syphilis, 391 ligneous, 348 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color Congenital tumors, 356-358, neonatal, 335 plates, 63 951-952 chlamydia conjunctivitis, Richmond pseudoisochromatic Conjunctiva, 41--42 prophylaxis, 33 7-338 plates, 63 development of, 41--42 nonspecific treatment, 335 Comitant Strabismus, 155 Conjunctival papilloma virus, 342 Commotio retinae, 85 dacryocystorhinostomy, 319 posterior blepharitis, 348 Compassion, in communication of Conjunctival epithelial seborrheic blepharoconjunctivitis, diagnosis, 74 malignancies, 359 347-348 Camplex choristomas, 356 Conjunctival foreign body, 84 specific causes, 335-337 Camplex strabismus, 250-2 77 Conjunctival graft-vs.-host disease, systemic disease, 348-352 dissociated vertical deviation, 353 vemal, 344 270-274 Conjunctival malignant melanoma, viral conjunctivitis, 340 incomitant Strabismus, 254-255 367 Connective tissue disorders, 740-749 paralytic rectus muscles, 250-254 Conjunctival nevi, 363-367 chondrodysplasia punctata, forced ductions, 252-253 acquired, 365-367 747-748 force-generation test, 253 congenital, 364-365 Cohen syndrome, 745 intraocular pressure, 253 treatment of, 367 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 741 lid fissure, 253-254 Conjunctival tumors, 356-368 homocystinuria, 748-749 ocular restriction, 250-252 anatomy, 356 Kniest dysplasia, 746-747 paresis, 250 congenital tumors, 356-358 Marfan syndrome, 741-7 44 restriction vs. paresis, 252-254 dermoids, 357-358 osteogenesis imperfecta, 744-745 saccadic velocity measurements, conjunctival malignant melanoma, Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, 252 367 740-741 paralytic Strabismus epithelial tumors, 358-359 Stickler syndrome, 746 aplasia, extraocular muscles, 270 conjunctival epithelial Weill-Marchesani syndrome, 745 craniosynostosis, 270 malignancies, 359 Comadi-Hunermann syndrome, 747, Duane's retraction syndrome, epithelial inclusion cysts, 359 1033 264-268 keratoacanthomas, 358-359 Consideration, in communication of fourth nerve palsy, 268 lymphoid lesions, 362-363 diagnosis, 73-74 inferior oblique paresis, 268 melanocytic lesions, 363-367 Contact lens, 470--471 Mobius syndrome, 268-269 conjunctival nevi, 363-367 occlusive, 169 sinus surgery, medial rectus mesenchymal tumors, 359-362 Contact lenses, 470--471 muscle injury, 269-270 capillary hemangioma, 359-360 Contour stereo acuity test, 147 sixth nerve palsy, 262-264 juvenile xanthogranuloma, Contractual arachnodactyly, 1031 third nerve palsy, 268 361-362 Cantrast sensitivity assessment, types of, 262-2 70 lymphangiectasia, 360-361 63-64 restrictive strabismus lymphangioma, 361 Convergence, 149, 155 double elevator palsy, 257-258 neurofibromas, 362 accommodative convergence, near extraocular muscles, congenital neurolemmomas, 362 reflex, 155 fibrosis, 25 7 pyogenic granuloma, 360 fusional convergence, 155 fat adherence, 255-256 rhabdomyosarcoma, 362 near point of, 229 glaucoma explants, 261-262 Conjunctivitis, 335-355 proximal, 225 Grave's ophthalmopathy, allergic conjunctivitis, 343-346 tonic fusional, 155, 225 256-257 amniotocele, 338 voluntary convergence, 155 local anesthetics, myotoxic angular, 339 Convergence insufficiency, 228-230 effect of, 259-260 bacterial conjunctivitis, 338-340 accommodative insufficiency, myopic strabismus fixus, 262 blepharitis, 346-347 229-230 orbital floor fracture, 258-259 chemical, 335 break point, 229 retinal surgery, Strabismus after, chemical conjunctivitis, 335 Convergence spasm, 883 260-261 chemotherapy Convergence-retraction nystagmus, types of, 255-262 keratoconjunctivitis, 352-353 962 Compound nevi, 365 chlamydial, 336-33 7 Corectopia, 31, 446 Cone conjunctival graft-versus-host Cornea, 17-18, 42, 475 dystrophy, 539-544, 549-550 disease, 353 abnormalities, 415--418 progressive, 539-544 giant papillary, 345 anterior segment developmental retinal conditions predominantly gonococcal conjunctivitis, 335-336 anomalies, 391 affecting, 103 prophylaxis, 337-338 blood staining, 407 rod activity hay fever, 343-344 Chandler's syndrome, 376-377 both abnormal, 100 hemorrhagic, 338 cloudy comea, 391 separation of, 91 herpes simplex, 33 7 congenital glaucoma, 391 Confusion, 172-173 laboratory investigations, 335 congenital infections, 391-392 1064 INDEX Cornea (continued) clinical assessment, 93 7 Crystalline retinal dystrophy, cornea plana, 416 differential diagnosis, 93 7 536-537 deposition, 403-407 etiology, 936-93 7 Cutis marorata, 1022 development o( 42 germinal matrix, 936 Cyclodestruction, 492 developmental anomalies of, holoprosencephaly, Cycloduction, 125, 140 375-380 lissencephaly, 936 Cyclopia, 33 dystrophies, 392-393 hypoxia-ischemia, 936-93 7 Cycloplegia, 65-66, 292 endothelial dystrophies, 414-415 lissencephaly, 936 Cycloplegic refraction, 203 epithelial dystrophy, 410-411 schizencephaly, 936 hypermetropic accommodative hereditary dystrophies, 407-415 shunt blockage, 93 7 esotropia, 214 iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, twin pregnancy, 93 7 Cyclosporine, 639 375-376 history, 936 Cyst iris nevus, 3 77 incidence, 936 arachnoid, 952 keratitis, 394-401 inheritance, 937-938 chocolate, 361 endothelial, acquired, 403 medication, 938 colloid, 949 stromal, acquired, 402-403 natural history, 938 Dandy-Walker, 942 keratoconus, 417 periventricular leukomalacia, 938 dermoid, lid, 308 keratoplasty, lamellar, penetrating, surgery, 938 epithelial inclusion, 359 418-420 systemic associations, 937 iris, 441-442 lamellar keratoplasty, 418 Cover tests, 194-197 lid, colobomatous microphthalmia, manifestations of systemic alternate cover testing, 195 26 metabolic disease, 393 cover/uncover test, 194-195 microphthalmos with, 385 megalocornea, 416-41 7 prism alternate cover test, 195 Cystinosis, 406, 536, 667 metabolic causes o( 403-407 responses to, 195 Cystoid macular edema, 515, 629 microcornea, 415-416 Covergence, fusional, 153 Cytomegalovirus retinitis, 636 opacification Cranial nerve palsies, ocular motor, at birth, 391-393 884-893 D in childhood, adolescence, combined, 891-893 Dacryoadenitis, Epstein-Barr virus, 394-403 Cranial nerve paresis, 250 348 in infants, 393-394 Cranial neuropathies, 945 Dacryocele, 315, 338 penetrating keratoplasty, 418 Cranial-vertebral border, Dacryocystitis, 338 Peters' anomaly, 377-380 abnormalities o( 997-999 Dacryoscystocele, 315-316 progressive iris atrophy, 376 Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, Lenz Dacryocystorhinostomy, 318-319 sclerocornea, 417-418 Majewski type, 1044 conjunctival, 319 stromal dystrophy, 412-414 Craniofacial dysostosis, 108, 1034 Dalen-Fuchs nodules, 638 trauma, 393 Craniofacial malformations, Dancing eyes, dancing feet Cornea plana, 29, 391, 416 705-739 syndrome, 963 Cornea stroma, primary, formation Craniofacial syndromes, 705-739 Dandy-Walker cyst, 942 o( 17 prototypes of, 709-710 Dandy-Walker syndrome, 1022 Corneal abnormalities, 391-429 Craniofrontonasal dysostosis, 1034 Darier's disease, 664 Corneal abrasion, 84 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia, 1034 Dark-rearing, 50 Corneal blood staining, 80 Craniometaphyseal dysplasia, 1034 de Grouchy syndrome, 693, 1036 Corneal deposition, 403 Craniopharyngioma, 111, 951 de Morsier syndrome, 919, 1052 Corneal dystrophy Craniosynostosis, 251, 270, 710-717, Deafness Bowman layer 1, 411 1022 maternally inherited, 532 Schnyder's central, 414 Craniosynostosis-foot defects, retinal disease and, 665-666 Corneal epithelium, formation o( 17 Jackson-Weiss type, 1042 Deafness-myopia -cataract-saddle Corneal foreign body, 84 Craniosynostosis-radial aplasia nose, Marshall type, 1045 Corneal hydrops, 84 syndrome, 1031 Deformation syndromes, 732 Corneallight reflex, strabismus, Cri-du-chat syndrome, 685, 1035 Delayed visual maturation, 158 293-294 Crocodile tears, 314 Deletion syndromes, 684-689 Corneal opacity, 106 Crossed diplopia, 146, 172 deletion 1q, 684 Corneal wetting problems, 395-397 Cross-fixation, 166 deletion 2q, 684, 1034 Corneal wound healing, 83 Crouzon syndrome, 716-717, 1034 deletion 3p, 684, 1034 Cornelia de Lange syndrome, 1032 Crowding phenomenon, 163 deletion 3q, 684 Coronal synostosis, 710 CRYO-ROP study, retinopathy of deletion 4p, 684-685, 1034 Correct ocular dominance, 167, prematurity, 618, 619-620 deletion 4q, 685, 1035 169-170 Cryotherapy, retinopathy of deletion Sp, 685, 1035 Cortical cells, binocular, 144 prematurity, 617-618 deletion Sq, 685 Cortical riders, 453 Cryptococcus, 516 deletion 6p, 685 Cortical suppression, 158-159, 160 Cryptophthalmos, 27-29, 299, 1038 deletion 6q, 685 Cortical visual impairment, 936-939 Crystalline lens, sublaxation o( 742 deletion 7p, 685 INDEX 1065 deletion 7q_, 685-686 Distal arthrogryposis syndrome, duplication 9q, 691 deletion 8p, 686 1036 duplication 10p, 691 deletion 9p, 686, 1035 Distance-near relationship, ocular duplication 10q, 691-692, 1037 deletion 10p, 686 motor, 200 duplication llp, 692 deletion 10q, 686 Distichiasis, lash, 303 duplication 11q_, 692 deletion llp, 686-687, 1035 Distichiasis syndrome, 1036 duplication 12p, 692 deletion llq, 687, 1035 Divergence duplication 12q_, 692 deletion 12p, 687 fusional, 153 duplication 13q_, 692 deletion 13q, 687, 1035 synergistic, 895-896 duplication 14q_, 692 deletion 14q_, 687-688 Divergence excess, 226 duplication 15q_, 692-693, 1037 deletion 15q, 688, 1036 high AC/A ratio, 226 duplication 16p, 693 deletion 16q_, 688 mixed convergence mechanism, duplication 16q_, 693 deletion 17p, 688 226 duplication 17p, 693 deletion 18p, 688, 1036 proximal convergence, increased, duplication 17q2, 693 deletion 18q, 688-689, 1036 226 duplication 18p, 693 deletion 19p, 689 Divergence paresis, 262 duplication 18q_, 693 deletion 20p, 689 Doll's head maneuver, 869 duplication 19q, 693 deletion 22q_, 689 Dominant optic atrophy, 109 duplication 20p, 693-694 Deorsumduction, 125 Dominant progressive macular duplication 22q_, 694 Dermoids, 27, 308, 325-326, 356, dystrophy, 531 duplication qll, 693 357-358 Donder's law, 139-140 Dynamic retinoscopy, 292 Dermolipomas, 27, 357 Donohue's syndrome, 1044 Dysautonomia, familial, 352, 984 formation of, 27 Doubleelevator palsy, 257-258, 883 Dyschromatopsias, 550-551 Derry disease, 1039 Double-ring sign, 918 Dyscoria, 445 Desaferoxamine, 110 Downbeat nystagmus, 962 Dysgenesis mesodermalis corneae et Desbuquois syndrome, 1043 Down's syndrome, 461-462, iridis, 445 Descemet's membrane, formation of, 683-684, 1055 Dyskeratosis congenita syndrome, 18 Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy, 1037 Deviation 534 Dyslipoproteinemias, 405-406 primary, 156 Drainage-angle anomalies, 494-495 Dysmetria, ocular, 963 secondary, 156 Drop-like dystrophy, gelatinous, 413 Dysmorphic sialidosis syndrome, Dextroversion, 142 Drowsiness, 954 1046 Diabetes Drug toxicity, 109-110 Dysplasia congenita, 660 insipidus, 921 Drusen, 533-534, 1010 Dysplastic nevi, 366, 367 maternally inherited, 532 Dry eye, 313-314, 348 Dysthyroid myopathy, trauma, 902 mellitus, 462 alacrima, 314 Dystrophia myotonica syndrome, Diabetic retinopathy, 569-570 Dry retinoscopy, 292 1053 Diaphyseal dysplasia, progressive, Duane cocontraction syndrome, 264 1032 Duane radial dysplasia syndrome, E Diffuse cataract, 456-45 7 1036 Eales' disease, 571 Diffuse keratomalacia, 401 Duane retraction syndrome, 251, Eccentric fixation, 163, 164 Digenic retinitis pigmentosa, 546 264-268, 893-895, 1036 Ectoderm Digerorge sequence, 1036 Dubowitz syndrome, 1036 dysplasia of, 394-395, 755-756, Dilatation, 65-66 Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, 105 1042 Dilated vascular loops, 57 4 Ductions, 125, 141 formation of, 3 Dilator muscle, iris, 430 Duplication syndromes, 689-694 Ectodermal dysplasia -clefting Diopter fixation test, amblyopia, duplication 1q, 689 syndrome, 1041 165-166 duplication 2p, 689 Ectodermal dysplasia-hidroticedit, Diplopia, 149, 172 duplication 2q_, 689-690 1034 crossed, 146, 172 duplication 3p, 690 Ectopia lentis, 745 paradoxical, 17 6 duplication 3q_, 690, 1037 Ectopia lentis et pupillae, 31, 446, physiological, 145-146 duplication 4p, 690, 1037 474, 1037 tests, 178-179 duplication 4q_, 690 Ectopic lacrimal gland, 356 uncrossed, 146, 172 duplication 5p, 690 Ectrodactyly, 1022 Diseiform keratitis, 402 duplication 5q_, 690 Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia- Disparate images, 144 duplication 6p, 690 clefting syndrome, 394, 1037 Disruption syndromes, 732 duplication 6q_, 690 Ectropion, 31, 301-302, 374 Dissodated horizontal deviation, duplication 7p, 690-691 Edit, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 270-274 duplication 7q_, 691 781-782 Dissodated strabismus, 250-277 duplication 8p, 691 Edwards' syndrome, 683, 1055 Dissociated vertical deviation, 207, duplication 8q_, 691 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 660, 741, 270-274 duplication 9p, 691, 1037 1037 1066 INDEX Eleetromyography, 140 frontonasal dysplasia, 34-36 Epidermal neerolysis, toxie, 350 Eleetro-oeulogram, 90, 95, 106 germ layer differentiation, 3-5 Epidermolysis bullosa, 395 Eleetrophysiology, 90 holoproseneephaly, 33 Epidermolytie hyperkeratosis, 751 diagnostie applieations, 100-106 iridoeomeal angle, 19 Epikeratophakia, 471 future developments, 115 iris, 18-19 Episcleral osseous ehoristoma, 356 guidelines, 98-99 lens, 13-17 Episcleritis, 515-516 pattem eleetroretinogram, 106 nucleus, 15 diffuse, 515 response maturation, 99-100 Tunica vasculosa lentis, 17 nodular, 515 standards, 98-99 mierophthalmia, 23 Epithelial dystrophy testing, 90-122 oeular dysgenesis, 23-36 eomea, 410-411 response maturation, 99-100 optie fissure closure anomalies, hereditary juvenile, 410 visual evoked potentials, 95-98, 23-27 Epithelial inclusion eysts, 359 106-113 optie nerve, 22 Epithelial keratitis, viral eauses, 399 aeuity testing, 113-115 optie vesicle, 5-13 Epithelial tumors, 358-359 amblyopia, 113-115 optie fissure, 12-13 eonjunetival epithelial Eleetroretinogram, 90-95 persistent hyperplastie primary malignaneies, 359 amplifieation, 94 vitreous, 31 epithelial inclusion eysts, 359 averaging, 94-95 pupillary anomalies, 31 keratoaeanthomas, 358-359 a-wave, 92 retina, 19-21 Epitheliopathy, 346 b-wave, 92 vaseulature, 20-21 Epstein-Barr virus daeryoadenitis, e-wave, 93 retinal dysplasia, 31 348 d-wave, 93 sclera, 19 ERG. See Eleetroretinogram eleetrodes, 93-94 scleroeomea, 29 Erosive vitreoretinopathy, 106, 559 flash eleetroretinogram, 91 somite development, 4-5 Erythema migrans, 847 flieker eleetroretinograms, 93 synophthalmia, 33 Erythema multiforme, 350-351, 757 light, retinal response to, 91 vitreous, 21-22 Escherichia coli, 335, 399, 400 multifoeal eleetroretinogram, 91 Embryonie fissure, 383 Esodevia tions negative, 103-105 formation of, 12 aeeommodative esotropia, 213-214 origins of, 91 Embryonie nucleus, 450 aequired nonaeeommodative pattem eleetroretinogram, 91, 93 Embryotoxon, posterior, 370-371 esotropia, 219 reeording methods, 93-95 Emmetropization, 49-50 eongenital-infantile esotropia, rod, eone aetivity, separation of, 91 Empirieal horopter, 144 204-213 seotopie threshold response, 93 Eneephaloeele, 33-34, 329 eyclie esotropia, 221 teehnieal equipment, 94-95 basal, 924 divergenee insuffieieney, 221 types of, 91 orbital, 329 esophoria, 219 visual evoked potentials, Eneephalofaeial angiomatosis hypermetropie aeeommodative eombined, 99, 113 syndrome, 1053 esotropia, 214-218 valtage differenee, 94 Endoderm, formation of, 3 infantile aeeommodative esotropia, Elejalde syndrome, 1029 Endophthalmitis, 516 218-219 Elevation defieit, Brown's syndrome, endogenous, 516 nystagmus 246-247 exogenous, 516 eongenital, with eonstant ELISA. See Enzyme-linked Endophytie tumor, 592 esotropia, 220 immunosorbent assay Endothelial dystrophy manifest latent, 219-220 Embryogenesis, 3-5 eongenital hereditary, 106-107, nystagmus eompensation Embryology, 3-38 382-383, 415, 488 syndrome, 220-221 aneneephaly, 33-34 eomea, 414-415 sensory esotropia, 221 anterior segment dysgenesis, 29-30 Endothelium, formation of, 18 Esophoria, 219 brain, 31-33 Enophthalmos, 331 Esotropia ehoroid, 19 Entropion, 301 aeeommodative, 208, 213-214, eongenital glaueoma, 30-31 eongenital, lid, 301 218-219 eomea, 17-18 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent aequired nonaeeommodative, 219 eomea plana, 29 assay, 513 acute eomitant, 886 eryptophthalmos, 27-29 EOG. See Eleetro-oeulogram amblyopia assoeiated with, 206 eyclopia, 33 Ependymomas, 949 assessment of, 208 dermoids, 27 Ephelis, 363 assoeiated motor abnormalities, dermolipomas, 27 Epiblast, formation of, 3 207 eneephaloeele, 33-34 Epiblepharon, 300-301 botulin, 213 exeneephaly, 33-34 Epibulbar ehoristomas, 754 eharaeter of, 206 extraoeular muscles, 23 Epieanthus, 302 Cianeia's syndrome, 208-209 eye, 31-33 Epieanthus inversus, 302 clinieal features, 205 eyelids, 22-23 Epidemie keratoeonjunetivitis, eongenital, 204-213 faee, 31-33 340-341, 399 eongenital fibrosis syndrome, 210 INDEX 1067 consecutive exotropia, 212 keratometry, 65 Exudative vitreoretinopathy, cross-fixation, 209-210 physical examination, 57-66 familial, 561-562, 659 differential diagnosis, 205 pupillary examination, 64 Eye. See also under specific etiology, 204-205 rapport, establishing, 57-58 physiolgic feature, function of fibrosis syndrome, 210 red reflex, 64 alignment of, 157-158, 204 high AC/A ratio, 214 Bruckner reflex test, 64 axiallength, 39 hypermetropic accommodative, photoscreening, 64 chromosomal anomalies and, 214-218 slit lamp examination, 64-65 675-704 bifocals, 215-216 uncooperative child, 58-60 development of, 1-54 clinical features, 214 anesthesia, 60 fallen, 238 cycloplegic refraction, 214 chioral hydrate, 58-59 globe size, 39 etiology, 214 DPT, 60 heavy syndrome, 262 high AC/A ratio esotropia, sedation, 58 innervation anomalies of, 893-897 215-216 visual acuity assessment malformation complexes, 31-33 miotics, 218 preverbal, 60-62 movement, 125-127 partially accommodative verbal, 62-63 development, smooth pursuit esotropia, 216 visual fields, 63 asymmetry, 158 postoperative care, 218 Excavated optic disc anomalies, 922 ductions, 125 prism adaptation, 216-217 Excobar syndrome, 1038 muscle action, vs. field of surgery, 216-218 Excycloduction, 125 action, 125-126 treatment, 214-215 Excyclotropia, 151 smooth pursuit, vs. saccadic eye, incidence, 204 Exencephaly, 33-34 126-127 infantile, 204-213 Exomphalos-macroglossia-gigantism muscles, 127-134 inheritance, 208 syndrome, 1031 position, 125 latent nystagmus, 207 Exotropia, 224-231 proprioceptive control, 155 normal neonatal alignment, 204 A-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 rotations, physiology of, 139-142 onset, 205-206 basic intermittent exotropia, 225 trauma to, 77-89 postoperative care, 212 classifications, 224-226 Eyelid. See Lid pseudo-esotropia, 208 clinical features, 224 refractive error, 206-207 congenital, 230 F residual esotropia, 212-213 convergence insufficiency, Fabry's disease, 405, 462, 655, 664 spontaneaus resolution of, 206 228-230 Face, malformation complexes, stereopsis, with late surgery, exodeviation, measuring, 226-227 31-33 211-212 far distance test, 226-22 7 Facial diplegia congenital, 1046 surgery intermittent, 224-228 Facial microsomia, 722-724 early, 210-211 natural history, 224 Facio-digito-genital dysplasia timing of, 210 postoperative care, 228 syndrome, 1029 systemic associations, 207-208 prognosis, 228 Facio-oculo-auriculo-vertebra, 1040 treatment, 210-212 pseudodivergence excess, 225-226 Facio-scapulo-humeral muscular types of, 208-210 patch test, 225-226 dystrophy, 906 Etanercept, 632 sensory, 230 Facultative scotoma, 17 4 Ethambutol, 110 treatment, 227-228 Faden procedure, 254, 282-283 Euryblepharon, 301 indications for surgery, 22 7 high AC/A ratio esotropia, 283 Examination, pediatric eye, 57-67 nonsurgical treatment, 22 7 sixth nerve paresis, 283 autorefractors, 66 surgical treatment, 227-228 Fallen eye, 238 color vision assessment, 63 true divergence excess, 226 Family Resource Coalition, 76 City University Color Vision causes of, 226 Fanconi pancytopenia syndrome, Test, 63 V-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 1038 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Exposure keratopathy, 397 Fascia, extraocular muscle, 135-138 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic External examination, 60 Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, color plates, 63 External hordeolum, 347 572-573 Richmond pseudoisochromatic Extorsion, 125 Fat adherence, 138, 287 plates, 63 Extraocular muscle(s), 23 Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies cantrast sensitivity assessment, anatomy, 45-46 syndrome, 1038 63-64 congenital fibrosis, 257 Femoral-facial syndrome, 1038 cycloplegia, 65-66 development of, 45-46 Fenestrated sheen macular dilatation, 65-66 disorders of, 901-902 dystrophy, 536 external examination, 60 fascia, 135-138 Fetal akinesia sequence, 1049 fundus examination, 66 histology, 134-135 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 724-725 history, 57 paresis, 156 Fetal fac syndrome, 1051 intraocular pressure physiology, 45-46 Fetal nucleus, 450 measurements, 65 pulleys, architecture, 135 Fibrillin, 741 1068 INDEX Fibrosis, congenital, 210 Fundus dystrophy, Sorsby's, 535-536 iridogoniodysplasia, 433 extraocular muscles, 257 Fundus examination, 66 juvenile, 492 Fibrosis syndrome, congenital, 902 Fundus flavimaculatus, 103, 527 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Fibrous dysplasia, 328-329 Fungal keratitis, 400, 402-403 syndrome, 493 Field of action, vs. muscle action, Fusion, tests for, 186-188 lens-iris diaphragm abnormalities, 125-126 Fusional convergence, 153, 155 495 Fifth digit syndrome, 1034 Fusional divergence, 153 medical, 488-489 Fingerprint dystrophy, map-dot, Fusional vergence, 149 neurocrestopathies, 494 41~11 amplitudes, strabismus, 154-156 pathophysiology, 486-487 Fish-eye disease, 406 vertical, 153 physiology, 483 Fixation testing, amblyopia, 64-165, retinopathy of prematurity, 495, 164-166 G 612-613 Flash electroretinogram, 91 Galactocerebrosidase, 970 secondary, 492-496 Flash visual evoked potential, 96 Galactosemia, 462 steroid-induced, 496 Flicker electroretinogram, 93 Galactosialidosis, 404 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 492-493 Flutter, ocular, 963 Ganciclovir, 636 surgery, 489-492 Flynn-Aird syndrome, 665 Gangliogliomas, 950 symptoms, 485-486 Focal dermal hypoplasia, 753-754, Gangliosidosis, 1039 topamax-induced glaucoma, 494 1040 chronic, 799 traumatic, 496 Fogging techniques, 1005 GM 1, 405 tumors, 496 Follicles, 362, 363 GM 2, 405 Glaucoma drainage devices, 491 Folliculosis, 348, 363 juvenile, 799 Glial origin, tumors of, 946-950 Forced-duction testing, 202 Ganzfeld effect, 107 Gliomas, 946 Forebrain, formation of, 5 Gastrointestinal polyposis, 578-579 Globe, 475 Foreign body, 86 Gastrulation, formation of, 3 anomalies, 383-386 conjunctival, 84 Gaueher disease, 405 anophthalmia, 386-387 comea, 84 Gaze, cardinal positions of, 196-197 blue sclera, 387 metallic, retained, 640-641 Gaze-evoked nystagmus, 961-962 complex microphthalmos, 384-386 Fortification scotoma, 1007 Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy, 413 development of, 39 Foscamet, 636 Geleophysic dwarfism, 1039 embryology, 383 Foster modification, 285 Geleophysic dysplasia, 1039 nanophthalmos, 383-384 Four base-out test, 187-188 Genee-Wiedemann syndrome, 1045 simple microphthalmos, 384 Fourth nerve palsy, 268, 887-889 Genetic counseling, retinoblastoma, size, axiallength, 39 Fovea! avascular zone, retinopathy of 593-594 Glycogen storage diseae, 405 prematurity, 612 Genetic heterogeneity, 676 Goldberg syndrome, 404 Fovea! dystrophy, dominant Genetic syndromes, 593-594, Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome, 1040 progressive, 534 823-844 Goldenhar's syndrome, 27, 300, 357, Foveal ectopia, 261 Geographie pigmentary disturbances, 722-724, 1040 Fovea! hypoplasia, 658-659 663-664 Goldmann-Favre syndrome, 105-106, Foveation, 957 Germ layers, differentiation of, 3-5 559-560 Foveola, 47 German measles, 634 Goltz-Gorlin syndrome, 753-754, development of, 47 Germinal matrix, cortical visual 1040 Foveomacular dystrophy, 531 impairment, 936 Goltz syndrome, 664, 1040 Fraduction, 125 Germinomas, 951 Goniotomy, 489 Fragile X syndrome, 1038 Giant papillary conjunctivitis, 345 Gonococcal conjunctivitis, 335-336 Franceschetti-Klein syndrome, 1054 Gillespie syndrome, 1039 prophylaxis, 337-338 Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein Glaucoma, 483-498 Gonorrhoea, 335, 336, 337 syndrome, 720-722 anatomy, 483 Goodman syndrome, 1040 Francais dyscephalic syndrome, angle anomaly, 492-494 Goodpasture syndrome, 572 725-727, 1040 aniridia, 493-494 Gorgonia flabellum, 566 Fraser syndrome, 299, 1038 aphakic, 495-496 Gorlin's syndrome, 1040 Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, 1039 classification, 483-484 Graded recession-anteriorization, 286 Fresnel Press-On prisms, 296 congenital, 30-31, 375 Graft-vers-host disease, 353 Frontometaphyseal dysplasia, 1039 comea, 391 conjunctival, 353 Frontonasal dysplasia, 34-36, 719, primary, 375 Granular dystrophy, 412 1039 diagnosis, 487-488 Granulomatosis, allergic, 5 72 Frontonasal malformation, 719 differential diagnosis, 488 Grave's ophthalmopathy, 256-257 Fucosidosis, 655 drainage-angle anomalies, 494-495 Greig cephalopolysyndactyly Fukuhara's disease, 981 incidence, 484-485 syndrome, 1040 Functional amblyopia, 159 infantile, 375, 484-488 Guillain-Barre syndrome, 892 Functional visualloss, 1004-1006 inflammatory, 496 Gyrate atrophy, 101, 664 differential diagnosis, 1006 inheritance, 487 Gyria, 942 INDEX 1069 H Herpes simplex, 337, 341-342, 397, Hyperoxia, 617 Haab's striae, 84, 485 504-505, 852 Hyperplastic primary vitreous, Haemophilus aegyptius, 399 Herpes simplex keratitis, 397 persistent, 454-455, 659 Haemophilus influenzae, 321, 335, Herpes zoster, 505 Hypertelorism, 302, 718-720 338, 339, 399, 889 Herpetic iridocyclitis, 504-505 Hypertensive retinopathy, 570 Hagberg-Santiavouri disease, 975 Heterochromia, 437, 442-443 Hyperthyroidism, congenital, 306 Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, 1040 Heterophoria, 149 Hypertropia, 150 Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, 462, ocular motor examination, 199 Hyperviscosity syndromes, 573 725-727, 1040 Heteroplasmy, 979 Hyphema, 79-82 Hallervordeo-Spatz syndrome, 662, Heterotropia, 149 management, 80-81 984 Hindbrain, formation of, 6 surgery, 81-82 Hamartomas, 439 Hirschberg test, 192 Hypoblast, formation of, 3 astrocytic, 581 Hirschsprung disease-pigmentary Hypochondroplasia, 1042 bear tracks, 577, 578, 582 anomaly, 1056 Hypochromic heterochromia, 443 choroidal nevus, 576 Histiocytic disorders, 440 Hypodactyly, 1022 choroidal osteoma, 580-581 Histiocytosis, 328 Hypoglycemia, 462 gastrointestinal polyposis, 578-579 Langerhans' cell, 441 Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, melanocytoma, 576-577 Histoplasma capsultaum, 63 7 1042, 1050 neurofibromatosis, 582 Histoplasmosis syndrome, 63 7 Hypomelanosis of Ito, 571-572, 752, nonvascular, 576-583 Holoprosencephaly, 33, 720, 940, 1042 retinal pigment epithelium 1022 Hypoparathyroidism, 463 congenital hypertrophy of, Holt-Oram syndrome, 1041 Hypophosphatasia, 1042 577-578 Homocystinuria, 476, 495, 655, Hypoplasia, iris, 371 hyperplasia, 5 79 748-749, 1041 Hypotelorism, 720 retina, 579-580 Hordeolum, external, 347 Hypotropia, 150 tuberaus sclerosis, 581-582 Horizontal deviation, dissociated, Hypoxia, perinatal, 112 Hang-back recession, 279 272 Hypoxia-ischemia, cortical visual Haploscopic devices, 146 Horizontal rectus muscles, 128-129 impairment, 936-937 Haploscopic tests, 183-186 Horner's syndrome, 304, 443 Hysterical visualloss, 115 Happy puppet syndrome. See congenital, 443 Angelman syndrome Horror fusionis, 178 I Harada-Ito procedure, 241, 287 Bummelsheim procedure, 284-285 ICE syndrome, 375 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 augmented, 285 Ichthyosis, 664-665, 751-752 Hay fever conjunctivitis, 343-344 Hunter's syndrome, 404, 1041 vulgaris, 751 Hay-Wells syndrome of ectodermal Hurler's syndrome, 404, 1041 X-linked, 751 dysplasia, 1041 Hurler-Scheie syndrome, 404, 1041 Immature visual system, 173-188 Head posturing, anomalous, 967 Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, 1050 Immune stromal keratitis, 403 Headaches, 1006-1010 Hutchinson's teeth, 635 Immuno-fluorescence antibody, acute severe headache, 1007 Hutchinson's triad, 848 513 chronic nonprogressive headaches, Hyaloid artery, formation of, 12, 17 Incomitant deviation, measuring, 1008-1009 Hydrocephalus, 112, 943 197-198 etiologies, 1007-1009 Hydrocephalus Association, 75 Incomitant Strabismus, 156, 250, migraine headaches, 1007 Hydrocephalus Support Group, 75 254-255 subacute headaches, 1008 Hydrogelleus materials, 470-471 causing compensatory head treatment, 1009-1010 Hyperchromic heterochromia, 443 posturing, 2 73 Heavy eye syndrome, 262 Hypermetropie accommodative Incontinentia pigmenti, 571, 656, Hemangioma, 308-309, 324-325 esotropia, 213, 214-218 664, 752, 1042 Hemangiomata, 308 bifocals, 215-216 Incontinentia pigmentosa Hemifacial atrophy, progressive, clinical features, 214 achromians, 1042 991-993 cycloplegic refraction, 214 Incycloduction, 125 Hemifacial microsomia, 722-724 etiology, 214 Incyclotropia, 151 Hemorrhage, 1011 high AC/A ratio esotropia, 215-216 Indomethacin, 110 intracranial, 944-945 miotics, 218 Induction disorders, 940-941 Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, 338 adverse effects of, 218 Induction phase, 940 acute, 893 partially accommodative esotropia, Infectious disease, 397-400, 845-862, Hemorrhagic lymphangiectasia, 360 216 945-946 Hepatic disease, retinal disease and, postoperative care, 218 acquired infection, 945-946 667 prism adaptation, 216-217 bacterial diseases, 845-849 Hering's law, yoke muscles, 141-142 surgery, 216-218 cat scratch disease, 845-846 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 658, treatment, 214-215 Lyme disease, 846-847 749 Hypermetropie amblyopia, bilateral, syphilis, 847-849 Herpes keratitis, recurrent, 398 162 congenital infection, 391-392, 945 1070 INDEX Infectious disease (continued) Internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 884 posterior pigmented layer, 430 parasitic diseases, 849-852 Interstitial keratitis, 403, 849 posterior synechiae, 444 toxocariasis, 849-851 Interstitial nucleus of Cajal, 271 pseudopolycoria, 446 toxoplasmosis, 851-852 Intorsion, 125 pupil anomalies, 444-446 viral diseases, 852-860 Intracranial hemorrhage, 944-945 sphincter, 430 herpes simplex, 852 Intraepithelial dysplasias, 359 stellate, 43 7 lymphocytic choriomeningitis Intrafacial synkinesis, 897 stroma, 430, 442 virus, 854-855 Intraocular lens transillumination, 436-43 7 measles, 855-856 power, 469-470 tumors rubella, 856-858 secondary, 470 primary, 438-440 varicella-zoster, 858-860 Intraocular pressure, 44-45 secondary, 440-441 Inferior oblique muscle establishment of, 44-45 Iritis, traumatic, 84 overaction, 243-245 measurements of, 65 ISCEV. See International Society for mimickers of, 243-244 Intrauterine infection, 458-464 Clinical Electrophysiology of treatment, 244 Inverse Marcus Gunn phenomenon, Vision paresis, 241-242, 268 897 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic color weakening procedures, 285-287 Iridescent spots, 566 plates, 63 complications, 287 Iridocorneal angle, 19 Ixodes pacificus, 846 graded recession-anteriorization, Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, Ixodes scapularis, 846 286-287 375-376 Ixodes tick, 513 Inferior rectus muscle, 129-130 Iridocyclitis Infiltrating retinoblastoma, diffuse, herpetic, 504-505 J 592 traumatic, 506 Jackson-Weiss syndrome, 1042 Inflammatory Brown's syndrome, Iridodonesis, 743 Jacobsen syndrome, 1035 246 Iridogoniodysgenesis, 433, 494 Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, 975 Inflammatory glaucoma, 496 Iris, 18-19, 43-44 Jarcho-Levin syndrome, 1042 Inflammatory vitreoretinopathy, abnormalities, 430-449 Jaw-winking, Marcus Gunn, 305 neovascular, autosomal acquired iris defects, 436-437 Jenctional nevi, 365 dominant, 563-564 anatomy, 430 Jensen procedure, 284 Infraversion, 142 anomalies of, 430-431 Jerks, square-wave, 963 Inherited disease, ocular atrophy, progressive, 376 Jeune thoracic dystrophy, 1042 manifestations, 1021-1057 coloboma, 431-432 Jeune's syndrome, 666 Inhibitional palsy, of contralateral color changes, 437-442 Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, 1042 antagonist, 238 congenital iris defects, 431-436 John Tracy Clinic, 75 Inner retinal dysfunction, 103-105 congenital iris ectropion, 445 Joubert's syndrome, 102, 942, Innervation anomalies, 893-897 congenital miosis, 444 1015-1016, 1042 Institute for Families of Blind congenital mydriasis, 444-445 Juvenile chronic arthritis, 501-503 Children, 76 corectopia, 446 Juvenile epithelial dystrophy, Intermediate uveitis, 340, 506-507 cysts hereditary, 410 Intermittent exotropia, 224-228 pigmented epithelium, 441 Juvenile glaucoma, 483, 492 A-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 primary, 441-442 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, basic intermittent exotropia, 225 defects, 431-437, 869 501-503 classifications, 224-226 development of, 43-44 Juvenile retinoschisis, X-linked, 551, clinical features, 224 dilator muscle, 430 560-561, 660 exodeviation, measuring, 226-227 dyscoria, 445 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, far distance test, 226-227 ectropion, 374-375, 445 501-503, 631-632 natural history, 224 endothelium, 430 Juvenile spondyloarthropathies, 503 postoperative care, 228 flocculi, 442 Juvenile xanthogranuloma, 79, 310, prognosis, 228 freckles, 438 361-362, 440-441, 514, pseudodivergence excess, 225-226 heterochromia, 442-443, 641 756-757 patch test, 225-226 hyperchromic heterochromia, 443 treatment, 227-228 hypochromic heterochromia, 443 K indications for surgery, 227 hypoplasia, 371, 432-434 Kabuki make-up syndrome, 832-833, nonsurgical treatment, 22 7 with glaucoma, 433 1043 surgical treatment, 227-228 intrairis color change, 437-442 Kamino bodies, 366 true divergence excess, 226 mammillations, 443 Kawasaki's disease, 351-352, causes of, 226 microcoria, 444 573-574 V-pattern, oblique overaction, 228 nevus, 377, 438 Kayser-Fleischer ring, 406, 641 International Society for Clinical nodules, inflammatory, 438 Kearns-Sayre syndrome, 902-904 Electrophysiology of Vision, persistent pupillary membranes, Kenny-Caffey syndrome, 383 electroretinogram standards, 444 Keratitis, 394-401 98 polycoria, 446 acquired, epithelial, 395-397 INDEX 1071 bacterial, 339 conjunctival inheritance of, 458-464 cornea dacryocystorhinostomy, 319 lamellar, 453 endothelial, acquired, 403 crocodile tears, 314 management of, 465-469 stromal, acquired, 402-403 dacryocystocele, 315-316 membranous, 457 epithelial, viral causes, 399 dacryocystorhinostomy, 318-319 monocular infantile, 4 72-4 73 hereditary dry eye, 313-314 morphological classification of, isolated, 394 alacrima, 314 450 with systemic disease, 394-395 lacrimal sac, 315 nonsurgical treatment, 467-468 ichthyosis, deafness syndrome nasolacrimal duct, 316 nuclear, 452 (KID syndrome), 751 nasolacrimal obstructions, posterior, 453-45 7 interstitial, 849 treatment of, 316-319 prognosis of, 472-473 Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness nasolacrimal system, acquired surgical management of, syndrome, 395, 1043 disorders of, 316 468-469 Keratoacanthomas, 358-359 puncta, 314-315 sutural, 452-453 Keratoconjunctivitis turbinate fracture, 318 systemic evaluation, 465 atopic, 345 Lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital total, 457 chemotherapy, 352-353 syndrome, 1044 unilateral, 465 epidemic, 340-341 Lambda pattern, 233 coloboma, 4 77 phlyctenular, 34 7 Lamellar cataract, 453 contact lens, 470-471 sicca, 348, 395-396 Lamellar ichthyosis, 751 crystalline, sublaxation of, 742 vernal, 400-40 1 Lamellar keratoplasty, 418 ectopia lentis et pupillae, 4 7 4 Keratoconus, 417 Lancaster red-green test, 200-202 fibers posticus, 380-381 Langer-Giedion syndrome, 1043 primary, 15 Keratoendothelitis fugax hereditaria, Langerhans' cell histiocytoses, 328, secondary, 15 395 441 gradient, ocular motor Keratometry, 65 Larsen's syndrome, 1043 examination, 199-200 Keratopathy, radiation, 86 Larval migrans, visceral, 850 homocystinuria, 476 Keratoplasty Laser treatment, 475 intraocular len power, 469-4 70 lamellar, 418 Lashes, abnormalities of, 303 intrauterine infection, 458-464 penetrating, 418-420 Latent nystagmus, 207, 959-960 management, 4 77 penetrating, 418 Lateral rectus muscle, 129 Marfan's syndrome, 474-476 KID syndrome Lattice degeneration, 556-557 Mittendorf's dot, 456 autosomal dominant, 1043 Lattice dystrophy I, 412-413 ocular, 476-477 autosomal recessive, 1043 Lawrence-Moon syndrome, 662, oil-drop cataract, 456 Killian/Teschler-Nicola syndrome, 1031 opacity, 107 1043 Lawrence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl persistent hyperplastic primary Kindness, in communication of Syndrome Network, 75 vitreous, 454-455 diagnosis, 74 LCAT deficiency, 405 placode, formation of, 6 Kivlin-Krause syndrome, 1049 Leber's amaurosis, 546-547, 1015, posterior lenticonus, 453-454 Klein-Waardenburg syndrome, 1044 posterior subcapsular cataract, 456 730-731 Leber's optic neuropathy, 109, 981 prematurity, 458 Klinefelter's syndrome, 695 Leigh syndrome, 980 rigid gas-permeable, 470 Klippel-Feil syndrome, 993, 997, 999, Leiomyomas, 439 secondary intraocular lens in 1022 Lens, 13-17 children, 4 70 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, abnormalities, 450-480 silicone elastomer, 470 493, 1043 anatomy, 450 skeletal, 4 77 Knapp procedure, 284 aphakia, 469-4 72 spherophakia, 4 77 Knapp type 7 classification, 248 bow, 15 subluxation, 473-476 Kniest dysplasia, 746-747, 1043 capsule, formation of, 15 traumatic, 85 Known genesis syndrome, 706 cataract sulfite oxidase deficiency, 4 77 Koerber Salus-Elschnig syndrome, amblyopia associated with, 471 types of, 293 882 anterior, 450-452 Weill-Marchesani syndrome, Krabbe's disease, 970-974 anterior polar, 450-451 476-477 Krimsky test, 193 anterior pyramidal, 451 Lensectomy, 475 Kufs' disease, 975 anterior subcapsular, 451-452 Lens-iris diaphragm abnormalities, bilateral, 465 495 L bilateral congenital, 457 Lenticonus Lacrimal gland, 86 central, 452-453 anterior, 451 tumors, 331 cerulean, 457 posterior, 453-454 Lacrimal sac, 315 congenital, early surgery for, 472 Lentigo, 363 Lacrimal system, 313-320 diffuse, 456-457 Lenz-Majewski hyperostotic canaliculi, 315 etiology of, 457-458 dwarfism, 1044 1072 INDEX Leopard syndrome, 1046 Low-vision patient, 68-70 Meesman's dystrophy, 410 Leprechaunism, 1044 Lyme disease, 513, 846-847 Megalocornea, 416-417, 485, 743 Leroy 1-Cell syndrome, 1046 Lymphangiectasia, 360-361 Megalopapilla, 92 7 Leucodystropies, 112 Lymphangioma, 324, 361 Megophthalmos, 416 Leukemia, 441, 514, 573, 597-598 Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Meibomian gland dysfunction, 348, Leukodystrophy, metachromatic, 663, 854-855 396 112-113 choriretinitis, 633 Melanin, 749 Leukomalacia, periventricular, 938 Lymphoid lesions, 362-363 Melanocytic lesions, 363-367 Levodopa/carbidopa, amblyopia, 170 Lymphoma, 441 acquired conjunctival nevi, Levoversion, 142 Lysosomal storage diseases, 970--976 365-367 Levy-Hollister syndrome, 1044 congenital conjunctival nevi, Lid, 22-23, 39-41 M 364-365 colobomata, 299-300 Macrocephaly, 942-944 conjunctival nevi, 363-367 cyst syndrome, colobomatous Macrogyria, 942 Melanocytoma, 365, 439, 576-577 microphthalmia, 26 Macromelanosomes, 749 Melanosis development of, 39-41 Macroreticular dystrophy, Mesker's, acquired, primary, 366 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 310 531 congenital, 364 laceration, 86 Macular coloboma, 656-658 primary acquired, 366 lesions, 306-310 Macular dystrophy, 413-414 secondary, 363 amyloid, 310 dominant progressive, 531 Melanosomes, 356 angioedema, 310 fenestrated sheen, 536 Melnick-Fraser syndrome, 1045 chalazia, 307 North Carolina, 534-535 Melnick-Needles osteodysplasty, dermoid cysts, 308 progressive, dominant, 531 1045 hemangioma, 308-309 Macular edema, cystoid, 515 Membranaus cataract, 45 7 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 310 Maculopathy, 103, 107 Memory-guided, 876 Molluscum contagiosum, Madarosis, 346 Meningeal origin, tumors of, 307-308 Maddox rod test, 183 950--951 neurofibromatosis, 309 Magie Foundation, optic nerve Meningitides, Neisseria, 335 nevi, 306 hypoplasia, 75 Meningocele, 329 viral papillomata, 307 Magnocellular nevus, 576-577 Meningoencephalocele, 329 malformations, 299-306 Malformation complexes, 31-33 Meningomyelocele, 993, 995-997 malposition, 299-306 Malignant melanomas, iris, 438 Meridional amblyopia, bilateral, retraction, 306 Mammillations, iris, 443 163 Light, retinal response to, 91 Mandibulofacial dysostosis, 357, Mesenchymal dysgenesis, anterior Light occlusion, bilateral, amblyopia, 720--722, 1054 segment, 369 169-170 Manifest latent nystagmus, 219-220, Mesenchymaltumors, 359-362 Lightreflex tests, 192-193 959-960 capillary hemangioma, 359-360 angle kappa, 192-193 Map-dot fingerprint dystrophy, juvenile xanthogranuloma, Bruckner reflex test, 193 410-411 361-362 Hirschberg test, 192 Marcus Gunn jaw-winking, 305, 897 lymphangiectasia, 360-361 Krimsky test, 193 Marcus Gunn pupil, 867-868 lymphangioma, 361 Ligneous conjunctivitis, 348-350 Marden-Walker syndrome, 1044 neurofibromas, 362 Limbal dermoids, 35 7 Marfanoid craniosynostoisis neurolemmomas, 362 formation of, 27 syndrome, 1052 pyogenic granuloma, 360 Limbal stem cell deficiency, 397 Marfan's syndrome, 474-476, 495, rhabdomyosarcom~ 362 Limbal vernal conjunctivitis, 344 741-744, 1044 Mesenchyme, formation of, 4 Limbed dermoids, 396 Marginal keratitis, 396 Mesker's macroreticular dystrophy, Linear nevus sebaceous, 754 Marin-Amat syndrome, 897 531 of Jadassohn, 1044 Marker X syndrome, 1038 Mesoderm Lipodystrophy, partial, with Rieger Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, 404, germ layer, 3 anomaly, 1044 1045 Metabolie disease, 462-464, 790--822 Lipofuscinosis, neuronal ceroid, 548 Marshall syndrome, 1045 albinism, 808-809 Lipopigment storage diseases, 548 Marshall-Smith syndrome, 1045 ocular albinism, 810 Lisch nodules, 439-440 Martin-Bell syndrome, 1038 ocular features, 810-811 Lissencephaly, 941 Masquerade syndromes, 514 oculocutaneous albinism, Listing's law, 139-140 Measles, 634, 855-856 809-810 Listing's plane, 140 Medial rectus muscle, 129 copper metabolism disorders, Lockwood's ligament, 130 Median facial cleft syndrome, 719, 790-792 Louis-Bar syndrome, 1031 1039 Menkes' disease, 791-792 Lowe's syndorme, 1048 Medication prescribing guidelines, Wilson's disease, 790-791 Lowe's syndrome, 464 293 cystinosis, 812-814 Low-illumination acuity testing, Medulloblastoma, 950 Fabry's disease, 805-807 866-867 Medulloepithelioma, 439, 596-597 galactosemia, 815-816 INDEX 1073 gangliosidoses, 797-801 Miller-Dieker lissencephaly Multiple myeloma, 5 73 adult, 799 syndrome, 1045 Multiple pterygium syndrome, 1038 chronic, 800-801 Milroy' s disease, 303 Multiple sclerosis, 514 generalized, 798-799 Miosis, congenital, iris, 444 Multiple synostosis syndrome, 1047 infantile, Sandhoff variant, 800 Misoprostol, 269 Muscle(s). See also specific musdes late infantile, 799 Mitochondrial disease, 102-103, action of, vs. field of action, Tay-Sachs disease, 799-800 979-981 125-126 Gaucher's disease, 803-805 Leber's hereditary optic anatomy of, 127-134 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, 810 neuropathy, 981 contraction, 278 homocystinuria, 814-815 Leigh syndrome, 980 extraocular, histology, 134-135 Krabbe's disease, 805 Mitochondrial DNA, 979 eye, anatomy of, 127-134 metachromatic leukodystrophy, Mitochondrial inheritance, 676 paresis, 156 801-802 Mitomycin-C, 491 pull, mechanical disadvantage of, mucopolysaccharidoses, 792-797 Mittendorfs dot, 456 250 Hunter's syndrome, 795-796 formation of, 17 pulleys, 135-136 Hurler syndrome, 792-795 Mobius sequence, 727-728 recession, 2 78-281 Hurler-Scheie syndrome, 795 Mobius' syndrome, 268-269, 906, adjustable suture technique, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, 797 942, 1046 279-281 Morquio syndrome, 796-797 Mohr syndrome, 1046 hang-back technique, 279 Sanfilippo's syndrome, 796 Molluscum contagiosum, 307-308, shortening procedures, 281-282 Scheie syndrome, 795 342 plication, 282 Sly syndrome, 797 Monocular cataract, infantile, resection, 281 neuronal ceroid-liofuscinoses, 472--473 tuck, 281-282 807-808 Monocular cortical neurons, 157 transposition procedures, 283-285 Jansky-Bielschowsky disease, Monocular depth perception, 148 horizontal muscle transposition, 808 Monocular elevation deficit, 283 Kufs' disease, 808 257-258, 883 for rectus muscle palsy, 284-285 Santavuori-Haltia disease, 808 Monocular fixation for small vertical deviations, Spielmeyer-Sjogren disease, 808 orbinocular fixation preference, 283-284 Niemann-Piek disease, 802-803 164 union modification, 285 tyrosinemia, 811-812 testing, amblyopia, 164 Muscular dystrophy oculocutaneous tyrosinemia, Monocular visual development, 157 Duchenne's, 105 811-812 Monofixation, 151, 174-175, 184 facio-scapulo-humeral, 906 Metachromatic leukodystrophy, primary, 175 Myasthenia gravis, 898 112-113, 405, 974-975 Monofixation syndrome, 182 autoimmune, 898-901 Metallic foreign bodies, retained, Monosomy syndromes, 684, 1035 congenital myasthenic syndromes, 640-641 monosomy 21, 684 898 Metaphysis, 1022 monosomy 22, 684 slow-channel, 898 Metastatic disease, 32 7 Moraxella, 339, 399 transient neonatal myasthenia, Metatropic dwarfism II, 1043 Morning glory disc anomaly, 898 Methotrexate, 632 922-924 Myasthenie syndromes, congenital, Microcephaly, 942 Morquio's syndrome, 404, 1046 898 Microcornea, 383, 415--416, 444 Mosaicism, 6 7 6 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 757 Microcystic dystrophy, Cogan's, 410 Motility, 869-870 Mydriasis Micrognathia, 1022 Motion visual evoked potential, 96 congenital, iris, 444--445 Microphthalmia, 13, 23, 680 Motor fusion, binocular vision, 149 true, 445 with linear skin defects, 664, Movements, ocular, 125-143 Myelin production disorders, 1045 Mucocele, 315, 323-324 981-983 Microphthalmos, 383, 386, 416 Mucolipidosis, 404, 1046, 1050, 1052 Canavan's disease, 981-982 with coloboma, 385 Mucopolysaccharidosis, 102, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, complex, 384-386 403--404, 1041, 1045, 1046, 982-983 with cyst, 385 1051 Myelinated nerve fibers, formation pure, 383-384 Mueller cells, 561 of, 22 simple, 384 Mulibrey Nanism syndrome, 1046 Myelination, 940 Microphthalmus, severe, 386 Multifactarial inheritance, 676 Myopia, 644-653 Microspherophakia, 743, 745 Multifocal electroretinogram, 91 assessment of, 648 Midas syndrome, 1045 Multifocal placoid, acute posterior, clinical features, 645-648 Midbrain, formation of, 6 641-642 etiology, 644-645 Migraine headache, 1007 Multifocal visual evoked potential, fundus, 645-648 Migration, cellular, disorders of, 95 incidence, 644 941-942 Multiple endocrirre neoplasia, inheritance, 649 Miller Fisher syndrome, 892 784-785 intermediate, 644, 645, 646 Miller syndrome, 1045 Multiple lentigines syndrome, 1046 pathological, 644, 646 1074 INDEX Myopia (continued) Neural ectoderm, formation of, 3 neuroaxonal dystrophy, 976 physiological, 644, 645, 646 Neural folds, formation of, 3 neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, prevention, 649-650 Neural groove, formation of, 3 975-976 retinopathy of prematurity, 611-612 Neural origin, tumors of, 950 peroxisomal diseases, 976-979 systemic associations, 648-649 Neural plate, formation of, 3 adrenoleukodystrophy, 977-978 treatment, 649-650 Neural tube, formation of, 3 Refsum disease, 978-979 vitreous, 645 Neuroaxonal dystrophy, 976 Zellweger phenotype, 979 Myopie Strabismus fixus, 262 Neuroblastoma, 327, 950 subacute sclerosing Myotonie dystrophy, 904-906, 1053 Neurocranial defects, 991-1003 pancencephalities, 983-984 Amold-Chiari malformation, Neurofibromas, 362, 439 N 993-995 Neurofibromatosis, 309, 367, 439, Nager syndrome, 722, 1047 basilar impression, 997-999 440, 582, 766-769, 769-771, Nail-Patella syndrome, 1047 cervico-occipital proximity, 1047 Nanophthalmos, 383-384, 416 diseases of, 993 Neurokeratitis, 313 Nasolacrimal duct, 33, 316 cranial-vertebral border, Neurolemmomas, 362 Nasolacrimal obstructions, abnormalities of, 997-999 Neurolipidosis, 102 treatment of, 316-319 Klippel-Feil syndrome, 999-1000 Neurological disorders, 667-668 Nasolacrimal system, acquired meningomyelocele, 995-997 Neuroma, 766 disorders of, 316 Parry-Romberg disease, 991-993 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, 105, National Association for Visually platybasia, 997-999 548, 975-976 lmpaired, 76 progressive hemifacial atrophy, Neuro-ophthalmology, 863-1055 National Hydrocephalus Foundation, 991-993 exam, 865-875 75 Neurocrestopathies, 494 color vision, 873 National Marfan Foundation, 76 Neurocutaneous syndromes, 766-789 confrontation visual fields, National Neurofibromatosis ataxia-telangiectasia, 777-778 871-873 Foundation, 76 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, doll's head maneuver, 869 National Organization for Albinism 781-782 funduscopic exam, 873-874 and Hypopigmentation, 76 multiple endocrirre neoplasia, history, 865 National Organization for Rare 784-785 low-illumination acuity testing, Disorders, 75 neurofibromatosis 1, 766-769 866-867 Near point of convergence, 229 neurofibromatosis 2, 769-771 motility, 869-870 Near reflex, 155 neuroma, 766 neurological evaluation, 874-875 spasm, 883-884 proteus syndrome, 785-787 nystagmus, 870--871 Necrotizing anterior scleritis, 515 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 778-781 optokinetic nystagmus testing, Necrotizing encephalopathy, tuberaus sclerosis complex, 866 subacute, 980 771-774 pupillary examination, 867-869 Necrotizing interstitial keratitis, 402 von Hippel-Lindau disease, visual acuity, 865-866 Necrotizing stromal keratitis, 402 774-777 visual evoked potential, 867 Negative angle kappa, 193 Wyburn-Mason syndrome, 782-784 problems, management of, Negative electroretinogram, 103-105 Neurodegenerative conditions, 1004-1018 Neisseria, 313, 335, 336, 337, 391, 112-113, 970--990 Neuroretinitis, 340, 845 399, 402, 889 familial dysautonomia, 984 subacute, 636-63 7 Neonatal visual impairment, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, 984 bilateral, 637 1015-1016 hereditary ataxia syndromes, N eurosensory retina, formation of, 7 causes of, with normal exam, 984-985 Neurotoxin, botulinum, 290--291 1015-1016 ataxia telangiectasia, 985 Neuroviscerallipidosis, familial, delayed visual maturation, 1015 spinocerebellar ataxias, 984-985 1039 high ametropia, 1015 Krabbe's disease, 970-974 Neutral density filter effect, 163 infantile retinal dystrophy, leukodystrophy, 970--976 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma 1015-1016 lysosomal storage diseases, syndrome, 1040 infantile Batten's disease, 1016 970--976 Nevus Joubert's syndrome, 1015-1016 metachromatic leukodystrophy, acquired, 363 Leber's amaurosis, 1015 974-975 congenital, 363 peroxisomal disorders, 1016 mitochondrial diseases, 979-981 inflamed, 366 saccade palsy, 1015 Leber's hereditary optic of Jadahsson, 754, 1044 Neovascular inflammatory neuropathy, 981 lid, 306 vitreoretinopathy, autosomal Leigh syndrome, 980 of Ota, 365 dominant, 563-564 myelin production disorders, sebaceous Neural crest 981-983 of Jadassohn, 581, 754 cell formation, 3-4 Canavan's disease, 981-982 linear, 754 melanocyte-derived tumors, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, New England Retinablastoma 438-439 982-983 Support Group, 76 INDEX 1075 Niemann-Piek disease, 405 latent, 166, 207, 219 frontonasal dysplasia, 34-36 Night blindness, stationary, localizing forms, acquired, 962 holoprosencephaly, 33 congenital, 104-105 manifest latent, 219-220 malformation complexes, 31-33 Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome, 1043 neonatal, 956 microphthalmia, 23 Niotocele, 315 optokinetic, 127 optic fissure closure anomalies, Nod, 954 pendular, 962 23-27 Nodular anterior scleritis, 515 periodic altemating, 961 persistent hyperplastic primary Nodular episcleritis, 515 seesaw, 271 vitreous, 31 Nomenclature, ophthalmoscopically- sensory, 162 pupillary anomalies, 31 based, historical origin of, 523 spasmus nutans, 960-961 retinal dysplasia, 31 Nonaccommodative esotropia, surgery treatment, 2 74 sclerocomea, 29 acquired, 219 voluntary, 963 Ocular dysmetria, 963 Nonan syndrome 1, 1048 Nystagmus blockage syndrome, Ocular flutter, 963 Nongranulomatous anterior uveitis, 220-221 Ocular herpes simplex, primary, chronic, 499 Nystagmus compensation syndrome, 341-342 Nonperforating anterior segment 220-221 Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, trauma, 84-85 Nystazein, 954 637 Nonprogressive headaches, chronic, Ocular lens, 476-477 1008-1009 0 Ocular melanocytosis, 364 Nonvascular hamartomas, 576-583 Oblique muscle, 130-134 Ocular motility disorders, 876-917 astrocytic hamartoma, 581 clinical evaluation, 234 central nervaus system disorder, bear tracks, 577, 578, 582 dysfunction, 232-249, 234-248 876-897 choroidal nevus, 576 inferior, 132-134 double elevator palsy, 883 choroidal osteoma, 580-581 anterior transposition, 285 extraocular muscle(s), disorders of, gastrointestinal polyposis, 578-579 extirpation-denervation, 285 901-902 melanocytoma, 576-577 myotomy, 285 innervation anomalies, 893-897 neurofibromatosis, 582 overaction, 207, 243-245 Duane's syndrome, 893-895 retinal pigment epithelium paresis, 241-242 seventhnerve, 897 congenital hypertrophy of, recession, 285 sixth nerve, 893-896 577-578 surgical weakening, 244-245, synergistic divergence, 895-896 hyperplasia, 5 79 285-287 third nerve, 896-897 retina, 579-580 primary oblique overaction, vs. intemuclear ophthalmoplegia, tuberaus sclerosis, 581-582 paresis, 234-236 884 NORD. See National Organization Bielschowsky head tilt test, Keams-Sayre syndrome, 902-904 for Rare Disorders 234-235 Mobius' syndrome, 906 Normal AC/A ratio, 199 Parks tree-step test, 235-236 monocular elevation deficiency, Normal optical development, 1-54 Wright's rule, 235 883 Norrie's disease, 572, 659, 1048 superior, 131-132 myotonic dystrophy, 904--906 North Carolina macular dystrophy, overaction, 242-243 near reflex, spasm, 883-884 534-535 paresis, 236-239, 240-241 nerve, muscle, disorders of, Norum disease, 405 plication, 287 902-907 Nuclear cataract, 452 tenotomy, 288-289 neuromuscular junction, disorders Nyctalopia, 401, 640 tightening procedures, 287-288 at, 898-901 Nystagmus, 870-871, 954--969 tuck, 287 autoimmune myasthenia gravis, acquired, 961 weakening procedures, 288-289 898-901 causing compensatory head Oblique tendon myasthenia gravis in infancy, posturing, 273-274 expander, Wright, 247, 288, 289 898 clinical features of, 956-963 Occipital hemisphere dysfunction, ocular motor cranial nerve palsies, congenital, with constant unilateral, 113 884-893 esotropia, 220 Occlusion combined, 891-893 convergence-retraction, 962 amblyopia, 169 fourth nerve palsy, 887-889 downbeat, 962 exotropia, 225-226 sixth nerve palsies, 885-887 early infantile, 956 Occlusive contact lens, 169 third nerve palsy, 889-891 electroretinogram/visual evoked Ochronosis, 406, 750-751 peripheral nervaus system potentials, combined, 113 Ocular adnexa, 39-41 disorder, 876-897 etiology, 954-956 Ocular dysgenesis, 23-36 supranuclear eye movements, fast phase of, 876 anterior segment dysgenesis, 29-30 876-884 gaze-evoked, 961-962 congenital glaucoma, 30-31 Ocular motility recordings, 965-966 history, 954 comea plana, 29 Ocular motor apraxia, 880 incidence, 954 cryptophthalmos, 27-29 congenital, 880 infantile nystagmus syndrome, 956 dermoids, 27 Ocular motor examination, 189-203 vision loss, 960 exencephaly, 33-34 amblyopia assessment, 190 1076 INDEX Ocular motor examination Opacification, of comea Optical trauma, 77-89 (continued) at birth, 391-393 airbag traurna, 88 amblyopia assessment/visual in childhood, adolescence, 394-403 angle recession, 84-85 acuity, 190 in infants, 393-394 anterior segrnent traurna, clinical distance-near relationship, Ophthalrnia, syrnpathetic, 512, nonperforating, 84-85 200 637-639 hattered child syndrorne, 77-79 cycloplegic refraction, 203 Ophthalmia neonatorum, 313 birth, 84 distance-near relationship, 200 Ophthalrnornyiasis, 636-63 7 cataracts, traurnatic, 85 ductions, 190-191 Ophthalrnoplegia, 892 chernical bums, 85-86 history, 189 Ophthalmoplegie rnigraine, 891 choroidal rupture, 85 inspection, 189-190 Opitz G/BBB syndrorne, 833-834 cornrnotio retinae, 85 Lancaster red-green test, 200-202 Opitz syndrorne, 1048 conjunctival foreign body, 84 measuring ocular deviation, Opitz-Frias syndrorne, 1048 comea 191-200 Opitz-Kaveggia FG syndrorne, 1038 abrasion, 84 ocular deviation, 191-200 Opportunistic ocular infections, foreign body, 84 order of, 189-203 635-636 hydrops, 84 paresis, 202-203 Opsoclonus, 963 wound healing, 83 physical examination, 189 Optic atrophy, hereditary, 109 dysthyroid rnyopathy, 902 restriction, 202-203 Optic cup, 5-13 globe sensory tests, 190 Optic disc perforating injuries, 82-84 strabismic patient, 189 coloborna, 924-925 ruptured, 82-84 versions, 190-191 elevation, 1010 hypherna, 79-82 visual acuity, 190 pigrnentation, congenital, 931-932 rnanagernent, 80-81 Ocular movements, 125-143 swollen, 1010-1011 surgery, 81-82 ductions, 125 Optic fissure iridocyclitis, 506 muscle action vs. field of action, closure anornalies, 23-27 iritis, traurnatic, 84 125-126 formation of, 12-13 lid laceration, 86 smooth pursuit vs. saccadic eye Optic nerve, 22 nonperforating anterior segrnent, rnovernents, 126-127 abnorrnalities, congenital, 918-935 84-85 Ocular opacity, 106-107 Aicardi's syndrorne, 932-933 optic nerve injury, 85 Ocular oscillations, 954-969 avulsion, 85 orbital traurna, 86-88 Ocular position, 125 cornpression, 108-109 foreign body, 86 Ocular restriction, 156, 250 disorders, 107-109 orbital floor fracture, 86-88 Ocular rotations, physiology of, excavated optic disc anornalies, phthisis bulbi, 84 139-142 922 physician's responsibility, with Ocular tilt reaction, 889 gliorna, 109, 330 hattered child syndrorne, 79 Ocular torticollis, causes of, 274 hypoplasia, 108, 918-922, 1017 radiation injury, 86 Ocular traurna. See Trauma Magie Foundation, 75 retina Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, injury, 85 break, 85 357 megalopapilla, 927 hernorrhages, 78-79 Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrurn, rneningioma, 330-331 traurna, 85 722-724 rnoming glory disc anornaly, scleral wound healing, 83 Oculocerebrorenal syndrorne, 1048 922-924 subconjunctival hernorrhage, 84 Oculodentodigital syndrorne, 1048 optic disc coloborna, 924-925 subluxation, lens, traurnatic, 85 Oculo-dento-osseous dysplasia, optic disc pigrnentation, 931-932 Terson's retinopathy, 79 757-758 optic pit, 928-929 Optokinetic nystagrnus, 127 Oculoderrnal rnelanocytosis, 365, papillorenal syndrorne, 933-934 testing, 866 754 peripapillary staphylorna, 925-927 Optotype, 62-63 Oculoglandular syndrorne, pits, 660 Oral-facial-digital syndrorne I, Parinaud's, 845 tilted disc syndrorne, 929-931 1048 Oculornandibulodyscephaly, tongue-shaped infrapapillary Orbinocular fixation preference, 725-72 7, 1040 depigrnentation, 933 rnonocular fixation, 164 Oculornotor palsy, with cyclic Optic neuritis, 108 Orbit, 39-41 spasrns, 891 Optic neuropathy cellulitis, 321-323 Oculornotor reflexes, 141 radiation, 86 congenitally shallow, 329-330 Oculornotor synkinesis, 890--891, traurnatic, 85 developrnent of, 39-41 896 Optic pit, 928-929 disease, 321-332 Oguchi's disease, 104 forrnation of, 3 encephalocele, 329 Oil-drop cataract, 456 Optic stalk, formation of, 12 floor fracture, 86-88, 258-259 Oligodendrogliornas, 950 Optic sulci, forrnation of, 3, 6 rnyositis, 902 Ornphalocele, 1022 Optic vesicle, 5-13 pseudoturnor, 323 Onychoosteodysplasia, 104 7 formation of, 6 teratorna, 325 INDEX 1077 trauma, 86-88 lid fissure, 253-254 color vision assessment, 63 foreign body, 86 ocular restriction, 250-252 City University Color Vision orbital floor fracture, 86-88 paresis, 250 Test, 63 varix, 325 restriction vs. paresis, 252-254 Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Organic amblyopia, 159 saccadic velocity measurements, Ishihara pseudoisochromatic Organoid nevus syndrome, 35 7 252 color plates, 63 Omithine, 664 Paralytic strabismus Richmond pseudoisochromatic Oromandibular-limb hypogenesis aplasia, extraocular muscles, 270 plates, 63 spectrum, 1048 craniosynostosis, 270 cantrast sensitivity assessment, Orthophoria, 150 Duane's retraction syndrome, 63-64 Orthostatic reflex, 141 264-268 cycloplegia, 65-66 Orthotropia, 149 fourth nerve palsy, 268 dilatation, 65-66 Oscillations, saccadic, 962-963 inferior oblique paresis, 268 extemal examination, 60 assessment of, 963 Mobius syndrome, 268-269 fundus examination, 66 ocular motility recordings, sinus surgery, medial rectus history, 57 965-966 muscle injury, 269-2 70 intraocular pressure Oscillopsia, 967 sixth nerve palsy, 262-264 measurements, 65 Osseous choristoma, episcleral, 356 third nerve palsy, 268 keratometry, 65 Osteogenesis imperfecta, 387, types of, 262-270 physical examination, 57-66 744-745, 1048 Parasitic diseases, 849-852 pupillary examination, 64 Osteogenic sarcoma, 328 toxocariasis, 849-851 rapport, establishing, 57-58 Osteomas, 328 toxoplasmosis, 851-852 red reflex, 64 Osteopetrosis, 758-759 Parental reactions, to diagnosis of Bruckner reflex test, 64 infantile, 108 blindness, 72-73 photoscreening, 64 Oto-palato-digital syndrome, 1049 Parents and Cataract Kids, 76 slit lamp examination, 64-65 Outer retinal necrosis syndrome, Parents of Chronically Ill Children, uncooperative child, 58-60 progressive, 858 75 anesthesia, 60 Overaction, primary, 156 Paresis, 156, 202-203, 250 chloral hydrate, 58-59 Oxalosis, 536 congenital superior oblique, DPT, 60 Oxycephaly, 1022 239-240 sedation, 58 Oxygen, in retinopathy of diagnosing restriction vs., 252-254 visual acuity assessment prematurity, 602-605 divergence, 262 preverbal, 60-62 extraocular muscle, 156 verbal, 62-63 p inferior oblique, 241-242, 268 visual fields, 63 Pachygyria, 942 primary oblique overaction vs., Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, 113, Pachyonychia confenita syndrome, 234-236 982-983 1049 sixth nerve, 283 Penalization, amblyopia, 169 Paliister-Hall syndrome, 1049 superior oblique, 236-239, 240-241 Pena-Shokeir syndrome, 1033, 1049 Pallister-Killian syndrome, 1043 congenital, 239-240 Penetrating keratoplasty, 418 Palsy, 250, 887 traumatic, 239 Peninsula pupil, 445 double elevator, 257 treatment of, 240-241 Penta X syndrome, 1057 inhibitional, contralateral Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, Peppe syndrome, 1034 antagonist, 238-239 339-340, 845 PERG. See Pattern electroretinogram oculomotor, with cyclic spasms, Parkspoker straight, 274 Perheentupa syndrome dwarfism, 891 Parks tree-step test, 235-236 Mulibrey type, 1046 pseudoinferior rectus, 258 Parry-Romberg disease, 991-993 Perinatallethai hypophosphatasia, Pancencephalities, subacute Pars planitis, 506, 629-630 1042 sclerosing, 983-984 Patau's syndrome, 682-683, 1054 Periodic altemating nystagmus, 961 Panencephiltis, sclerosing, subacute, Pathophysiology of, 603-604 Perioxisomal biogenesis disorders, 855 Patient history, 57 977 Panum's fusional area, 144 Pattern distortion, 160 Peripapillary staphyloma, 925-927 Papillae, 362 amblyopia, unilateral, 161-162 Peripapillary vascular loops, 655 Papilloma virus conjunctivitis, Pattern dystrophy, 530-533 Peripheral neurofibromatosis, 439 342-343 Pattern electroretinogram, 91, 93 Peripheral retinal detachment, 514 Papillorenal syndrome, 933-934 Pattern reversal visual evoked Periphlebitis, retinal, 629 Paradoxical diplopia, 176 potential, 96 Periventricular leukomalacia, 919, Paradoxical pupillary constriction, Pattem-onset visual evoked 938 868 potential, 96 Peroxisomal disorders, 101, 976-979, Paralytic rectus muscles, 250-254 PAX6 gene, 493 1016 forced ductions, 252-253 Peau d'orange fundus, 664 adrenoleukodystrophy, 977-978 force-generation test, 253 Pediatric eye examination, 57-67 Refsum disease, 978-979 intraocular pressure, 253 autorefractors, 66 Zellweger phenotype, 979 1078 INDEX Persistent fetal vasculature, 659 Platybasia, 993, 997-999 Poyphyria, congenital, 407 Persistent hyperplastic vitreous, 21, Pleoptics, 170 Prader-Willi syndrome, 834-836, 31, 454-455 Pneumocystis carinii, 636 1036 Persistent pupillary membranes, 444, Poikloderma congenitale syndrome, Preaxial acrofacial dysostosis, 722 451 1051 Preeclampsia, 570 formation of, 17 Poland anomaly, 727 Preferentiallooking iris, 444 Polar bear tracks, 578 development of, 50 Peter's anomaly, 377-380, 494, 1049 Poliosis, 639 Prematurity, of lens, 458 with short-limb dwarfism, 1049 Polycoria, 31, 446 Prescribing guidelines, 293 Peters' plus syndrome, 380, 1049 Polycythemia, 573 Preseptal cellulitis, 321-323 Pfeiffer's syndrome, 715-716, 1049 Polydactyly, 666, 1022 Pressure measurements, intraocular, Phakomatoses, 569 Polydystrophy syndrome, pseudo- 65 Pharyngoconjunctival conjunctival Hurler, 1050 Pretectal syndrome, 882 fever, 342 Polymorphaus dystrophy, posterior, Preverbal child, visual acuity Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, 376, 381, 414 assessment, 60-62 347 Positions of gaze, 196-197 fixation, 60-61 Phoria, 149 Positive angle kappa, 192 optokinetic nystagmus, 61 Phoria-tropia syndrome, 17 4 Postaxial acrofacial dysostosis, 1045 Primary muscle disease, 250 Photocoagulation, retinopathy of Postchiasmal dysfunction, 112-113 Primitive streak, formation of, 3 prematurity, 621 Posterior blepharitis, 346, 348 Prism Photoreceptor disorders, 548-551 dry eyes, 348 diopters, 152, 294 Photoscreening, 64 folliculosis, 348 neutralization, strabismus, Phthisis bulbi, 84 meibomian gland dysfunction, 348 152-153 Physical examination, 57-66 Posterior cataract, 453-45 7 Strabismus, 151-152, 294-296 color vision assessment, 63 Posterior commissural syndrome, Prism altemate cover test, 195 City University Color Vision 882 Professional kindness, in Test, 63 Posterior embryotoxon, 494 communication of diagnosis, Hardy-Rand-Rittler plates, 63 Posterior fixation suture, 268 74 Ishihara pseudoisochromatic Posterior keratoconus, 494 Progeria syndomre, 1050 color plates, 63 Posterior pigmented layer, iris, 430 Prognathism, 1022 Richmond pseudoisochromatic Posterior pole, bilaterallesions of, Proliferation, cellular, disorders of, plates, 63 525-526 941-942 dilatation, 65-66 Posterior polymorphaus dystrophy, Proprioceptive eye position control, extemal examination, 60 376, 381, 414 155 fundus examination, 66 Posterior scleritis, 515 Proprionobacterium acnes, 516 Physician Posterior synechiae, 444 Proptosis, 321-332, 397 hattered child, responsibilities, 79 Posterior uveitis, 507-516 Proteus syndrome, 785-787, role in communication of Postinfectious polyneuritis, acute, 836-837, 1050 diagnosis, 71, 73-74 892 Proximal convergence, 225 Physiological diplopia, 145-146 Postnatal development, 39-54 Proximal fusion, tenacious, 155 Physiological positive angle kappa, anterior chamber angle, 43-44 Pseudo-Brown's syndrome, 251 193 conjunctiva, 41-42 Pseudodivergence excess, 225-226 Physiology, eye movements, 125-143 comea, 42 patch test, 225-226 Phytanic acid, 978 emmetropization, 49-50 Pseudo-esotropia, 208 Pierre-Robin anomaly, 558 extraocular muscle, 45-46 Pseudo-fovea, 175 Pierre-Robin malformation complex, foveola, 47 Pseudoglioma, 1048 746 globe, 39 Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy Pigment epitheliopathy, 641-642 intraocular pressure, 44-45 syndrome, 1050 Pigmentary retinopathy, unilateral, iris, 43-44 Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 463 551 lid, 39-41 Pseudoinferior rectus palsy, 258 Pigmentation, optic disc, congenital, ocular adnexa, 39-41 Pseudomonas, 339, 516 931-932 orbit, 39-41 Pseudomydriasis, 445 Pigmented epithelium-derived preferentiallooking, 50 Pseudopapilledema, 101 0-1011 tumors, 439 pupil, 43-44 Pseudopolycoria, 31, 434, 446 Pinguecula, 359 refractive errors, 48-49 Pseudotorsion, 140 Pion uvea, 445 retina, 46-48 Pseudotumor, orbital, 323 Pit, optic, 928-929 stereo acuity, 50-51 Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Pitt-Danks syndrome, 1035 visual acuity, 50-51 740-741 Pituitary ectopia, posterior, 921 visual evoked potentials, 50 Pseydogerontoxon, 400 Plagiocephaly, 717-718 visual field, 50-51 Pterygium, 359 Plasmodium, 566 Posttransplant lymphoproliferative Ptosis, 303 Plasticity, prolonged, 178 disorder, 441 Pulled-in two syndrome, 260 INDEX 1079 Pulleys Reflex saccades, 876 systemic disorders associated with, extraocular, architecture, 135 Refraction, in children, 292-293 664-668 muscle, 135-136 Refractive errors, 292-293 treatable systemic disorders, Puncta, 314-315 development of, 48-49 668-669 Punctate epithelial erosions, 400 Refsum disease, 664, 751, 978-979 vitreoretinal dysplasia, aplasia, 661 Pupil, 43-44 infantile, 977 Retinal arteriolar tortuosity, familial, anomalies of, 31, 444-446 Regional Suppression, strabismus, 655 development of, 43-44 177-178 Retinal break, traumatic, 85 examination of, 64, 867-869 Reis-Buckler's dystrophy, 411 Retinal correspondence afferent pupillary defect, Renal disease, 464 anomalous, 184-185 867-868 Renal tubular acidosis 11, 1050 normal, 184 anisocoria, 868-869 Renal-coloboma syndrome, 994 suppression, vs. anomalous, iris defects, 869 Response maturation, 180-181 paradoxical pupillary electrophysiological testing, Retinal detachment, 659-660 constriction, 868 99-100 peripheral, 514 Purkinje cells, 985 delayed visual maturation, 100 Retinal dysplasia, 31, 659 Purtscher's retinopathy, 79, 571 electroretinogram, 99-100 Retinal dystrophy, 1015-1016 Pyogenic granuloma, 360 visual evoked potentials, 100 crystalline, 536 Restriction, ocular, 156 Doyne honeycomb, 534 R testing, 203 Retinal hemorrhages, 78-79 Racemose hemangioma, 655 Restrictive Strabismus, 250-254 Retinal image, blurred, bilateral, Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia double elevator palsy, 257-258 162-163 syndrome, 1050 extraocular muscles, congenital Retinal necrosis, 510 Radiation cataracts, 86 fibrosis, 257 acute, 633-634 Radiation injury, 86 fat adherence, 255-256 Retinal periphlebitis, 629 Radiation keratopathy, 86 glaucoma explants, 261-262 Retinal pigment epithelium Radiation optic neuropathy, 86 Grave's ophthalmopathy, 256-257 congenital hypertrophy of, Radiation retinopathy, 86 local anesthetics, myotoxic effect 577-578 Ragged-red fibers, 979 of, 259-260 formation of, 7 Random dot stereo acuity test, monocular elevation deficit hyperplasia, 579 147-148 syndrome, 257-258 retina, 5 79-580 Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia myopic strabismus fixus, 262 Retinal trauma, 85 syndrome, 1050 orbital floor fracture, 258-259 Retinal vascular disorders, 566-575 Rapport with pediatric patient, retinal surgery, strabismus after, allergic granulomatosis, 572 establishing, 57-58 260-261 anemia, 573 Reaching Out: Directory of National types of, 255-262 carotid cavemous fistula, 574 Organizations Related to Reticular dystrophy, Sjogren's, 531 Coat's disease, 567-569 Matemal and Child Health, 76 Retina, 19-21, 46-48, 629-643, 663 congenital vascular loops, 574 Recessive retinitis pigmentosa, X• angioid streaks, 660-661 diabetic retinopathy, 569-570 linked, 546 Bull's-Eye maculopathy, 662-663 Eales disease, 571 Reciprocal innervation, Sherrington's cherry-red spot, 654-655 fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, law of, 140 congenital disease, 663 572-573 Rectus muscle, 127-134 deafness, 665-666 Goodpasture syndrome, 572 paralytic, 250-254 development of, 46-48 hypertensive retinopathy, 570 forced ductions, 252-253 disease, 521-672 hyperviscosity syndromes, 573 force-generation test, 253 facial dysmorphism, 666-667 hypomelanosis of Ito, 571-572 intraocular pressure, 253 foveal hypoplasia, 658-659 incontinentia pigmenti, 571 lid fissure, 253-254 fundus pattems, 654-664 Kawasaki's disease, 573-574 ocular restriction, 250-252 geographic pigmentary leukemia, 5 73 paresis, 250 disturbances, 663-664 Norrie's disease, 572 restriction vs. paresis, 252-254 hepatic disease, 667 phakomatoses, 569 saccadic velocity measurements, ichthyosis, 664-665 Purtscher's retinopathy, 571 252 leukocoria, retinal causes of, 664 shaken baby syndrome, 570-571 slipped, 138, 289 macular coloboma, 656-658 sickle cell disease, 566-567 superior, 129 neurological disorders, 667-668 Takayasu's arteritis, 572 transposition, for torsion, 285 neuromuscular disorders, 667-668 Terson's syndrome, 570 Recurring pattem syndrome, 706 pattems, 654-672 tortuosity, 655-656 Red filter test, 179-180 polydactyly, 666 vein occlusions, 574 Red reflex, 64 retinal detachment, 659-660 Retinal vasculature, formation of, amblyopia, 167 salt-and-pepper fundus, 661-662 20-21 Bruckner reflex test, 64 skeletal anomalies, 666-667 Retinal-renal syndromes, 548 photoscreening, 64 stature, 666-667 Retinitis, cytomegalovirus, 636 1080 INDEX Retinitis pigmentosa, 514, 539-555 Rieger's anomaly, 372, 433, 494 Santavouri-Haltia disease, 975 color vision testing, 550 Rieger's syndrome, 494, 1050 Sarcoidosis, 503-504, 630-631 digenic, 546 Rigid gas-permeable lenses, 470 Saturn's ring, 745 digenic retinitis pigmentosa, 546 Riley-Day syndrome, 352, 395, 984 Sawthre-Chotzen syndrome, 1051 hereditary, 545-546 Riley-Smith syndrome, 1031 Scaphocephaly, 1022 recessive, X-linked, 546 Ring 4, 685 Scheie's syndrome, 404, 1051 with systemic diseases, 547-548 Ring 6, 685 Schinzel-Giedion midface-retraction Retinoblastoma, 514, 584-599, 664, Ring 11, 687 syndrome, 1051 1050 Ring 12, 687 Schirmer test, 348 diffuse infiltrating, 592 Ring 13, 687 Schizencephaly, 919 genetic counseling, 593-594 Ring 14, 688 cortical visual impairment, 936 staging of, 589-590 Ring 15, 688 Schlemm's canal, formation of, 19 treatment of, 594-595 Ring 17, 688 Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome, 1033 Retinablastoma International, 76 Ring 18, 689 Schnyder's central corneal Retinochoroiditis, 340 Ring 21, 689 dystrophy, 414 toxoplasmic, 507 Ring 22, 689 Schwart-Jampel syndrome, 1051 Retinopathy Rivalry, binocular vision, 148-149 Sclera of prematurity, 495, 600-628, 655 Robinow's syndrome, 1051 buckling, retinopathy of anisometropia, 611-612 Rod prematurity, 622-623 astigmatism, 611-612 cone activity, separation of, 91 formation of, 19 clinical research, 624 dystrophy, 539-544 wound healing, 83 CRYO-ROP study, 618, 619-620 inborn errors of metabolism, Scleritis, 515-516 cryotherapy, 617-618 101-102 anterior, diffuse, 515 differential diagnosis, 613-614 Maddox test, 183, 201 necrotizing anterior, 515 examination, 614-616 monochromatism, 103 nodular anterior, 515 foveal avascular zone, 612 torsion, 201 posterior, 515 glaucoma, 612-613 Role of physician, in communication Sclerocornea, 29, 391, 417-418 incidence of, 600-602 of diagnosis, 71, 73-74 Scleroschoroidal calcification, 581 international classification of, Rosenthal-Kloepfer syndrome, 1029 Sclerosing panencephiltis, subacute, 605-608 Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, 855 management of, 621-624 1051 Sclerosteosis, 1051 myopia, 611-612 Rubbeosis iridis, 443 Scotoma ocular findings in, 611-612 Rubell~ 634-635, 856-858 facultative, 17 4 oxygen, supplemental, 617 cataracts, 458-461 suppression, 159 oxygen in, 602-605 congenital, 661 Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, pathogenesis, 602-605 Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, 343-344 photocoagulation, 621 837-838, 1051 Seborrheic blepharoconjunctivitis, prophylaxis, 616-621 Ruptured globe, 77 347-348 regressed, late complications of, · management of, 83-84 Seckel's syndrome, 1052 612-613 Ruvalcabe-Myhre syndrome, 1031 Secondary intraocular lens, 470 retinal detachment, late-onset, Sedation, in patient examination, 58 613 s Seesaw nystagmus, 271 scleral buckling, 622-623 Sabre shins, 635 Senior-Loken syndrome, 667 screening, 614-615 Saccade initiation failure, 880 Sensory adaptations, strabismus, 172 stages, clinicopathological Saccade palsy, 1015 Sensory exotropia, 230 correlation, 608-611 Saccades, 876 Sensory fusion, 144-149 Purtscher's, 571 spontaneous, 876 Sensory nystagmus, 162 Retinoschisis, juvenile, X-linked, Saccadic eye, vs. smooth pursuit, Sensory Strabismus, 150 551, 560-561, 660 126-127 Septo-optic dysplasia, 919, 941, Retinoscopy Saccadic movements, 126, 962-963 1052 dry, 292 assessment of, 963 Seventh nerve, innervation anomaly, dynamic, 292 ocular motility recordings, 897 Retrolental fibroplasia, 605 965-966 intrafacial synkinesis, 897 Reverse amblyopia, 169 Saccadic velocity measurement, Marin-Amat syndrome, 897 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 326-327, 362, 202-203 Sex-determining chromosomes, 439 Saddle nose, 635 694-695 Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile, Sagittal synostosis, 710 Shaken baby syndrome, 5 70-5 71 631-632 Salmon patch hemorrhages, 566 Sheen macular dystrophy, Rhizomelle chondrodysplasia, 977 Salmonella, 503 fenestrated, 536 punctata, 464, 1033 Salt-and-pepper fundus, 661-662 Sherrington's law, 140-141 Richmond pseudoisochromatic Sandhoff disease, 405, 1039 Shield ulcer, 344 plates, 63 Sanfilippo syndrome, 1051 Shigella, 503 INDEX 1081 Shprintzen-Go1dberg Somitomeres, formation of, 4 accommodative convergence, craniosynostosis syndrome, Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, 535-536 near reflex, 155 1052 Sotos syndrome, 1053 fusional convergence, 155 Shunt b1ockage, cortical visual Spasmus nutans, 960-961 proximal, instrument impairment, 93 7 Spectacles, aphakic, 4 71 convergence, 155 Sialidosis syndrome, 1046 Spherophakia, 477, 495 tonic fusional convergence, 155 Sialolipidosis syndrome, 1052 Spherophakia-brachymorphia, voluntary convergence, 155 Sickle cell disease, 566-567 476-477 comeallight reflex, 293-294 Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, 80 Sphincter, iris, 430 correction, with prisms, 294-296 Sickle disc, 566 Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren, 975 dissociated, 250-277 Sickle retinopathy, 566 Spinocerebellar ataxias, 984-985 evaluation of, 189 Siderosis, 640-641 Spiral of Tillaux, 128 fixus esotropia, 25 7 Silicone elastomer lenses, 470 Spitz nevi, 366 fusional vergence amplitudes, Silicone tendon expander, 247-248 Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis 154-156 Simpson -Golabi-Behmel syndrome, syndrome, 1053 glaucoma explants and, 261-262 1052 Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 660 incomitant, 156, 254-255 Simultaneaus prism cover test, 197 congenita, 1053 causing compensatory head Single gene mutation, 676 tarda, 1053 posturing, 2 73 Sinus surgery, medial rectus muscle Spondylothoractic dysplasia mature visual system, 172-173 injury, 269-270 syndrome, 1042 measurement of, deviations with Sixth nerve Spontaneaus saccades, 876 prisms, 294-296 innervation anomaly, 893-896 Spranger's syndrome, 1046 paralytic, 262-2 70 palsy, 262-264, 885-887 Spreading of tears, inadequate, aplasia, extraocular muscles, 270 Sjogren-Larsson syndrome, 664, 751 396-397 craniosynostosis, 270 Sjogren's reticular dystrophy, 531 Squamous cell carcinoma, 359 Duane's retraction syndrome, Skeletal dysplasias, 757-759 Squamous cell papillomas, 358 264-268 oculo-dento-osseous dysplasia, Square-wave jerks, 963 fourth nerve palsy, 268 757-758 Squint, 149 inferior oblique paresis, 268 osteopetrosis, 758-759 Staphylococcal blepharitis, 346-347 Mobius syndrome, 268-269 Skeletallens, 477 Staphylococcus aureus, 335, 339, sinus surgery, medial rectus Skin disorders, 749-757 340, 399, 516 muscle injury, 269-2 70 a1binism, 749-750 Staphyloma, peripapillary, 925-927 sixth nerve palsy, 262-264 Cochayne syndrome, 752-753 Stargardt's disease, 103, 526-528, third nerve palsy, 268 ectodermal dysplasia, 755-756 662 types of, 262-2 70 erythema multiforme, 757 Starling's length-tension curve, 278 primary, vs. secondary deviation, focal dermal hypoplasia, 753-754 Stationary night blindness, 156 ichthyosis, 751-752 congenital, 104-105, 548-549 prisms, 151-152, 153-154, 294-296 incontinentia pigmenti, 752 Steady state visual evoked potential, neutralization, 152-153 juvenile xanthogranuloma, 95 restrictive, 250-254 756-757 Steinert myotonic dystrophy double elevator palsy, 257-258 linear nevus sebaceous, 754 syndrome, 1053 extraocular muscles, congenital ochronosis, 750-751 Stellate iris, 437 fibrosis, 257 oculodermal melanocytosis, 754 Stereo acuity fat adherence, 255-256 Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 757 development of, 50-51 glaucoma explants, 261-262 Xeroderma pigmentosum, 754-755 testing of, 146-148 Grave's ophthalmopathy, Slipped rectus muscle, 289-290 contour stereo acuity test, 147 256-257 Slit 1amp examination, 64-65 random dot stereo acuity test, local anesthetics, myotoxic Slow-channel congenita1 myasthenia 147-148 effect of, 259-260 gravis, 898 Stereoscopic vision, 144-145 myopic strabismus fixus, 262 Sly syndrome, 404, 1046 Steroid-induced glaucoma, 496 orbital floor fracture, 258-259 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, 463, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 350-351, retinal surgery, Strabismus after, 1053 757 260-261 Smooth pursuit, 879 Stickler's syndrome, 106, 557-559, types of, 255-262 asymmetry, 158 659, 746, 1053 sensory adaptations, 172 vs. saccadic eye, 126-127 STOP-ROP trial, 621-622 vergence, prism-induced, 153-154 Snowball opacities, 506, 629 Strabismic amblyopia, 149, 160-161 Strabismus fixus, 210, 262 Snowbank, 506 Strabismus, 123-296 esotropia, 257 SnowHake vitreoretinal after retinal surgery, 260-261 myopic, 262 degeneration, 562-563 comitant, 155 Strabismus surgery, 278-291 Snusti, 954 compensatory head posturing, 2 73 botulinum neurotoxin, 290-291 Soft tissue tumors, primary, 439 complex, 250-2 77 Faden procedure, 282-283 Somite development, 4-5 convergence, 155 Rummelsheim procedure, 284-285 1082 INDEX Strabismus surgery (cantinued) Wright superior oblique tendon Thiabendazole, 631 inferior oblique muscle weakening expander, 289 Third nerve procedures, 285-287 Superior oblique tendon, expander, innervation anomaly, 896-897 Jensen procedure, 284 Wright, 247, 288, 289 Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking, 897 Knapp procedure, 284 Suppression oculomotor synkinesis, 896 muscle recession, 278-281 regional, 184 vertical retraction syndrome, muscle shortening procedures, tests for, 186-188 896-897 281-282 Suppression scotoma, 159 palsy, 268, 889-891, 1013 muscle transposition procedures, Supraduction, 125 congenital, 891 283-285 Supranuclear eye movements, Thoraeie dystrophy recession, 282 876-884 asphyxiating, 1042 resection, 282 Supraversion, 142 Jeune, 1042 slipped, lost rectus muscle, Surface ectoderrn, formation of, 3 Three-step test, 235 289-290 Surfactant, 616 Threshold retinopathy of stretched insertion scar, 290 Sursumduction, 125 prematurity, 601 superior oblique muscle tightening Sutural cataract, 452--453 Thygeson's superficial punctate procedures, 287-288 Sweep visual evoked potential, 95, keratitis, 401 superior oblique muscle weakening 114 Thygeson's superficial punctate procedures, 288-289 Swollen optic disc, 1010-1011 keratopathy, 401 Streeter bands, 732-733 blurred disc margins, 1010-1011 Thyroid disease, 327-328 Streptococcus, 335, 338, 339, 399, optic cup, 1011 Tilt test, 235 516 optic disc elevation, 1010 Tilted disc syndrome, congenital, Stretched insertion scar, 290 pseudopapilledema, 1010-1011 929-931 Stromal dystrophy, 412--414 vascular abnorrnalities, 1011 Tissue of Kuhnt, formation of, 22 hereditary, congenital, 414 venous pulsations, 1011 Tocopherols, 616 Sturge-Weber syndrome, 492--493, Sylvian aqueduct syndrome, 882 Tongue-shaped infrapapillary 569, 778-781, 1053 Sympathetic ophthalmia, 83, 512, depigmentation, 933 Subacute necrotizing 637-639 Tonic fusional convergence, 155, 225 encephalopathy, 980 Symphalangism, 1022, 1047 Topamax-induced glaucoma, 494 Subacute sclerosing Synapse formation, 940 Torsion pancencephalities, 983-984 Syndactyly, 1022 rectus muscle transposition for, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Synergistic divergence, 265, 895-896 285 855 Synergists, 141 subjective, 151 Subcapsular cataract, posterior, 456 Synkinesis, intrafacial, 897 Torticollis, 250-277 Subcapsular lens, posterior, 456 Synophthalmia, 33 face tums and, 272-273 Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 84 Synostosis, 1022 ocular, causes of, 274 spontaneous, 84 Syphilis, 635, 847-849 Total cataract, 457 traumatic, 84 Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 350 Subepithelial nevus, 365 T Toxic keratopathy, 401 Subjective angle, 177 Takayasu's arteritis, 572 Taxacara canis, 193, 508, 631, 636, Subjective torsion, 151 Tamoxifen, 536 637, 849, 850 Subluxation, lens, 473--476 Taugier disease, 405 Taxacara catis, 631, 849, 850 traumatic, 85 Tapetoretinal, 1022 Toxocara eggs, 508 Substantia propria, 356 Tapetum, 1022 Toxocariasis, 508-509, 631, 849-851 Sulfiteoxidase deficiency, 477 Taybi syndrome, 1049 ocular, 508-509 Sunflower cataract, 641 Tay-Sachs disease, 112, 655, 1039 Taxaplasma gandii, 507, 631, 632, Superior oblique muscle, 131-132 Team of Advocates for Special Kids, 851, 945 overaction, 242 as resource, 76 Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, 507 palsy, 268 Tears, inadequate spreading of, Toxoplasmosis, 507-508, 632-633, paresis, 236 396-397 851-852 bilateral, 236 Telecanthus, 302 Trabeculectomy, 82, 489, 491 congenital, 239-240 10q plus syndrome, 103 7 Trabeculodysgenesis, isolated, 484 traumatic, 239 Tenacious proximal fusion, 155 Trabeculotomy ab extemo, 489 treatment of, 240-241 Tendon expander, superior oblique, Traction bands, 631 unilateral, 236 Wright, 247, 288, 289 Transient neonatal myasthenia, 898 tightening procedures, 287-288 Tenon's capsule, 136-138 Transient opacities, 458 full-tendon tuck, plication, Teratoma of orbit, 325 Transient visual evoked potential, 95 287-288 Terson's syndrome, 79, 570 Transposition surgery, complications Harada-lto procedure, 287 Tetracycline, 340 of, 285 weakening procedures, 288-289 Tetraploidy, 694 Trantas dots, 344 superior oblique tenotomy, Tetrasomy 9p, 691 Trauma, 77-89 288-289 Thalidomide, 729 airbag, 88 INDEX 1083 angle recession, 84-85 trisomy 9p, 1037 retinal necrosis syndrome, 510 anterior segment trauma, trisomy 13, 1054 sarcoidosis, 503-504 nonperforating, 84-85 Trochlea, 132 scleritis, 515-516 hattered child syndrome, 77-79 Trochleitis, 245 sympathetic ophthalmia, 512 birth, 84 Tropia, 149 toxocariasis, 508-509 cataracts, 85 intermittent, 150 toxoplasmosis, 507-508 traumatic, 85 Truth, in communication of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, chemical bums, 85-86 diagnosis, 7 4 510-512 choroidal rupture, 85 Tuberculosis, 505 commotio retinae, 85 Tuberous sclerosis, 581-582, 771-774 V conjunctival foreign body, 84 Tubular visual field, 1006 Valve of Hasner, 313 comea, 393 Tumors, 946-952 Valve of Rosenmuller, 315 abrasion, 84 of congenital origin, 356---358, Varicella zoster, 398-399, 858-860 foreign body, 84 951-952 Vascular disorders, 566-575 hydrops, 84 of glial origin, 946---950 allergic granulomatosis, 572 wound healing, 83 of meningeal origin, 950-951 anemia, 573 dysthyroid myopathy, 902 of neural origin, 950 carotid cavemous fistula, 57 4 glaucoma, 496 Tunica vasculosa lentis, 17 Coat's disease, 567-569 traumatic, 496 Turbinate fracture, 318 congenital vascular loops, 574 globe Tumer-like syndrome, 1048 diabetic retinopathy, 569-5 70 perforating injuries, 82-84 Tumer's syndrome, 694-695, 1057 Eales disease, 571 ruptured, 82-84 Turricephaly, 1022 fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, hyphema, 79-82 Twin pregnancy, cortical visual 572-573 management, 80-81 impairment, 937 Goodpasture syndrome, 572 surgery, 81-82 Tyrosinase, 749 hypertensive retinopathy, 570 iridocyclitis, 506 Tyrosinemia, 406 hyperviscosity syndromes, 573 traumatic, 506 hypomelanosis of lto, 571-572 iritis, 84 u incontinentia pigmenti, 571 traumatic, 84 Uncooperative child, examination of, Kawasaki's disease, 573-574 lens, subluxation, 85 58-60 leukemia, 573 lid laceration, 86 under anesthesia, 60 Norrie's disease, 572 nonperforating anterior segment, chioral hydrate, 58-59 phakomatoses, 569 84-85 DPT, 60 Purtscher's retinopathy, 571 optic nerve injury, 85 sedation, 58 retinal, 566-575 optic neuropathy, 85 Uncrossed asymmetry, 111 shaken baby syndrome, 570-571 orbital, 86-88 Uncrossed diplopia, 146, 172 sickle cell disease, 566-567 foreign body, 86 United Cerebra! Palsy Association, Takayasu's arteritis, 572 orbital floor fracture, 86-88 75 Terson's syndrome, 570 phthisis bulbi, 84 Unknown genesis syndrome, 706 tortuosity, retinal disease, 655-656 physician's responsibility, with Usher syndrome, 101, 547-548, 665, vein occlusions, 574 hattered child syndrome, 79 1055 Vascular endothelial growth factor, radiation injury, 86 Uveal melanoma, 595-596 603 retina, 85 Uveitis, 499-520 Vascular loops, congenital, 574 break, 85 anterior, 501-506 Vasoendothelial growth factor, 21 hemorrhages, 78-79 Behcet's disease, 512-513 Vaso-obliteration, 21 scleral wound healing, 83 classification, 499 Vectograpohic test, 186-187 subconjunctival hemorrhage, 84 clinical features, 499 Vein occlusion, 574 superior oblique paresis, 239 endophthalmitis, 516 Velo-cardio-facial syndrome, 1052 Terson's retinopathy, 79 episcleritis, 515-516 Ventriculocele, 993 Treacher Collins syndrome, 300, herpes simplex, 504-505 Verbal pediatric patient, visual 720-722, 1054 herpes zoster, 505 acuity assessment, 62-63 Treponema pallidum, 513, 635, 848 herpetic iridocyclitis, 504-505 optotype, 62-63 Trichiasis, lash, 303 intermediate, 340, 506-507 Vergence, 149 Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, prism-induced, 153-154 1043 501-503 Vemal conjunctivitis, 344-345 Trigonocephaly, 1022 juvenile spondyloarthropathies, 503 Vemal keratoconjunctivitis, 400-401 Triple A syndrome, 314, 352 Lyme disease, 513 Vemier visual evoked potential, 96 Triploidy, 694, 1054 masquerade syndromes, 514 Version movement, 141-142 Trisomy syndromes, 681-684 nonspecific therapy, 500-501 Vertical deviation, dissociated, trisomy 4p, 1037 ocular manifestations of AIDS, 270-274 trisomy 8, 1054 514-515 Vertical prism red filter test, trisomy 9, 1054 posterior, 507-516 180-181 1084 INDEX Vertical prism test, amblyopia, hysterical, 115 Wildervanck syndrome, 728-730, 165-166 Visuscope, 164 999, 1033 Vertical rectus muscles, 129-130 Vitamin deficiency, 110 William's syndrome, 437-438, 1056 Vertical retraction syndrome, vitamin A, 640 Wilms' tumor, 493 896-897 vitamin B12, 110 Wilm's tumor, gene, 435 Vertical vergence, fusional, 153 vitamin E, 110, 616-617 Wilson's disease, 406-407, 463 Vestibular apparatus, 876 Vitelliform dystrophy, Best's, 528 Wolffin nodules, 437 Vestibulo-ocular reflex, 141 Vitiligo, 639 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, 684-685, Vieth-Muller circle, 144 Vitrectomy instrumentation, 82 1035 Vigabatrin, 109-110 Vitreoretinal disorders, 105-106 Worth 4-dot, 174, 181-183 Vinblastin, 110 aplasia, 661 Worth theory, 204 Vincristine, 110 degeneration, snowflake, 562-563 Wright plication, 139 Viral diseases, 852-860 dysplasia, 661 Wright superior oblique tendon conjunctivitis, 340 Vitreoretinal interface, disorders of, expander, 247, 288, 289 epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, 556-565 Wright's rule, 235 340-341 Vitreoretinal surgery, 623-624 Wyburn-Mason syndrome, 569, 655, Molluscum contagiosum, 342 Vitreoretinochoroidopathy, 782-784 papilloma virus conjunctivitis, autosomal dominant, 563-564 342-343 Vitreoretinopathy, exudative, X pharyngoconjunctival familial, 561-562 Xanthogranuloma, juvenile, 79, 310, conjunctival fever, 342 Vitreous, 21-22, 629-643 361-362, 514, 756-757 primary ocular herpes simplex, disorders of, 556-565 Xeroderma pigmentosum, 359, 367, 341-342 opacity, 107 753, 754--755 herpes simplex, 852 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Xeroderma pigmentosum syndrome, keratitis, 397-399, 402 510-512, 639-640 1056 lymphocytic choriomeningitis Voluntary convergence, 155 Xerophthalmia, 640 virus, 854--855 Voluntary nystagmus, 963 X-linked alpha-thalassemia/mental measles, 855-856 von Gierke's disease, 405 retardaion syndrome, 1057 papillomata, lid, 307 von Hippel-Lindau disease, 774--777, X-linked ichthyosis, 751 rubella, 856-858 1055 X-linked recessive retinitis varicella-zoster, 858-860 von Hippel syndrome, 569 pigmentosa, 546 Viscerallarval migrans, 850 von Recklinghaausen's disease, 439, X-linked retinoschisis, 105, 551, Visual acuity, 50-51 1047 560-561, 660 assessment, preverbal, 60-62 V-pattern, 232-234, 248, 283 X-linked spondyloepiphyseal development of, 50-51 dysplasia, 1053 neuro-ophthalmology exam, w XO syndrome, 105 7 865-866 Waardenburg syndrome, 302, 666, X-pattern, 228, 233 Visual development, 157 730-731, 1056 XXX syndrome, 1057 abnormal, 158 Wagner's disease, 106, 559 XXXX syndrome, 1057 binocular, 157 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, XXXXX syndrome, 1057 critical period, 157 573 XXXXXY syndrome, 105 7 milestones, 158 Walker-Warburg syndrome, 838-839, XXXXY syndrome, 1057 monocular, 157 1056 normal, 157 Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear y Visual evoked potentials, 50, 90, ophthalmoplegia syndrome, Yoke muscles, Hering's law, 141-142 95-98, 867 884 Y-pattern, 232 acuity development, 114-115 Warburg syndrome, 1056 Y-splitting procedure, 267 cortical origin, 95-96 Warkany syndrome, 1054 Yunis-Varon syndrome, 1057 development of, 50 Weaversyndrome, 1056 electroretinogram, combined Weiger's ligament, formation of, 22 z recording, 99 Weill-Marchesani syndrome, Zellweger phenotype, 979 recording in children, 97-98 476-477, 495, 745, 1056 Zellweger's syndrome, 101, 407, 464, types of, 95 Werner syndrome, 1056 977, 1057 Visual field, 50-51, 63 Whistling face syndrome, 1039 Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome, Visualloss. See also Blindness Wieger's capsulohyaloid ligament, 1037 functional, 1004--1006 450, 468 Zonu1ar cataract, 453 ~-----c-----.~ r-s)J ~~------'- A -(------~1 ~ ..,...

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in. cm % V 97 r---- 6 / / :,..... 75 .,..... "' 2.25 ...... f--- 50 ~ V ..... ~ I"""' ...... 25 "'ö ...... ,..,_ ...... -I'""" ,.. -~ / ...... lr 2.00 V - ~ ...... 5 p 3 ~ ,...... ,..,...... v~'""" -...... 1 1/ ...- ~ ~ - V V ~ / 1- ~ ...... G. ~ - ...... lr 1.75 V ~ ~ -~ ~ 1- V ./ 1- / "'! ,...... I ./ ...... 4 - I .... 1-' 1.50 - V

1.25 c 30 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 MONTHS YEARS AGE