Syllabuses for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Chinese Language Enhancement
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Children's Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages
AJSLP Review Article Children’s Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Review Sharynne McLeoda and Kathryn Crowea Purpose: Theaimofthisstudywastoprovideacross- most of the world’s consonants were acquired by 5;0 years; linguistic review of acquisition of consonant phonemes to months old. By 5;0, children produced at least 93% of inform speech-language pathologists’ expectations of children’s consonants correctly. Plosives, nasals, and nonpulmonic developmental capacity by (a) identifying characteristics consonants (e.g., clicks) were acquired earlier than trills, of studies of consonant acquisition, (b) describing general flaps, fricatives, and affricates. Most labial, pharyngeal, and principles of consonant acquisition, and (c) providing case posterior lingual consonants were acquired earlier than studies for English, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish. consonants with anterior tongue placement. However, Method: A cross-linguistic review was undertaken of there was an interaction between place and manner where 60 articles describing 64 studies of consonant acquisition by plosives and nasals produced with anterior tongue placement 26,007 children from 31 countries in 27 languages: Afrikaans, were acquired earlier than anterior trills, fricatives, and Arabic, Cantonese, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, affricates. Greek, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Conclusions: Children across the world acquire consonants Jamaican Creole, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Maltese, Mandarin at a young age. Five-year-old children have acquired (Putonghua), Portuguese, Setswana (Tswana), Slovenian, most consonants within their ambient language; however, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, and Xhosa. individual variability should be considered. Results: Most studies were cross-sectional and examined Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha. single word production. Combining data from 27 languages, 6972857 hildren’s acquisition of speech involves mastery and the longer bars indicated greater variability (e.g., /t, s/). -
Intonation in Hong Kong English and Guangzhou Cantonese-Accented English: a Phonetic Comparison
ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 724-738, September 2020 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1105.07 Intonation in Hong Kong English and Guangzhou Cantonese-accented English: A Phonetic Comparison Yunyun Ran School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, China Jeroen van de Weijer School of Foreign Languages, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China Marjoleine Sloos Fryske Akademy (KNAW), Doelestrjitte 8, 8911 DX Leeuwarden, The Netherlands Abstract—Hong Kong English is to a certain extent a standardized English variety spoken in a bilingual (English-Cantonese) context. In this article we compare this (native) variety with English as a foreign language spoken by other Cantonese speakers, viz. learners of English in Guangzhou (mainland China). We examine whether the notion of standardization is relevant for intonation in this case and thus whether Hong Kong English is different from Cantonese English in a wider perspective, or whether it is justified to treat Hong Kong English and Cantonese English as the same variety (as far as intonation is concerned). We present a comparison between intonational contours of different sentence types in the two varieties, and show that they are very similar. This shows that, in this respect, a learned foreign-language variety can resemble a native variety to a great extent. Index Terms—Hong Kong English, Cantonese-accented English, intonation I. INTRODUCTION Cantonese English may either refer to Hong Kong English (HKE), or to a broader variety of English spoken in the Cantonese-speaking area, including Guangzhou (Wong et al. -
Biliterate and Trilingual: Actions in Response to the Economic Restructuring of Hong Kong
Published in Bulletin VALS-ASLA (Swiss association of applied linguistics) 82, 167-179, 2005 which should be used for any reference to this work Biliterate and Trilingual: Actions in response to the economic restructuring of Hong Kong Yinbing LEUNG Dept. of Education Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, 33 Renfrew Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; [email protected] Depuis le transfert de souveraineté de la Grande-Bretagne à la Chine en 1997, les structures politiques, sociales et économiques de Hong Kong ont subi de rapides changements, entraînant un réalignement linguistique au sein de la société. Le putonghua (la langue nationale de Chine) occupe une place de plus en plus importante, en partie à cause des liens politiques avec la Chine, mais surtout à cause de la dépendance grandissante économique de Hong Kong vis-à-vis d'elle. Le dialecte local, le cantonais, est la langue maternelle d'environ 90% de la population. En vue de ce contexte linguistique, le gouvernement s'est engagé à poursuivre une politique linguistique de "double alphabétisation et de trilinguisme". Dans le dernier rapport sur l'enseignement linguistique (SCOLAR 2003), plusieurs propositions sont faites afin de promouvoir la compétence des étudiants et de la population active en anglais et en putonghua. Le dialecte local fait l'objet de peu d'attention. Dans cet article, je soutiens que ces diverses propositions favorisent l'anglais et le putonghua afin d'assurer la compétitivité de Hong Kong dans l'économie mondiale. Le succès de la promotion du putonghua n'est pas lié aux questions d'identité nationale mais dû à une combinaison d'affinités culturelles et de ration- alité économique. -
AVAILABLE from a Handbook for Teaching Cantonese-Speaking
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 253 117 FL 014 871 TITLE A Handbook for Teaching Cantonese-Speaking Children. INSTITUTION California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento. Bilingual Education Office. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 84 NOTE 84p. AVAILABLE FROMPublications Sales, California State Dcpartment of Education, P.O. Box 271, Sacramento, CA 95802-0271 ($4.50, plus tax for California residents). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use- Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE M701 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Bilingual Education; *Cantonese; Classroom Techniques; Elementary Secondary Education; *English (Second Language); Immigrants; Language Skills; Limited English Speaking; *Native Language Instruction; Political Influences; *Second Language Instruction; *Sociocultural Patterns ABSTRACT This handbook is designed to assist California's public school teachers of limited-English-speaking native Cantonese-speaking students in understanding this minoritygroup. The first two chapters address general background factors concerning this language group: immigration history, educational background, and historical and sociocultural tactors of the group in general and also specifically in Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and California. Chapter III outlines linguistic characteristics of the Cantonese language; Chapter IV recommends instructional and curricular strategies for Cantonese language development, teaching students to read in Cantonese, writing Chinese characters, writing skills -
Capitamalls Asia Limited Asia’S Leading Mall Developer, Owner and Manager
CapitaMalls Asia Limited Asia’s Leading Mall Developer, Owner and Manager Singapore •China •Malaysia • Japan •India Acquisition of Shopping Mall in Guangzhou 20 November 2013 Disclaimer This presentation may contain forward-looking statements that involve assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Actual future performance, outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in forward- looking statements as a result of a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Representative examples of these factors include (without limitation) general industry and economic conditions, interest rate trends, cost of capital and capital availability, competition from other developments or companies, shifts in expected levels of occupancy rate, property rental income, charge out collections, changes in operating expenses (including employee wages, benefits and training costs), governmental and public policy changes and the continued availability of financing in the amounts and the terms necessary to support future business. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are based on the current view of management on future events. The information contained in this presentation has not been independently verified. No representation or warranty expressed or implied is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information or opinions contained in this presentation. Neither CapitaMalls Asia (“CMA”) or any of its affiliates, advisers or representatives shall have any liability whatsoever (in negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising, whether directly or indirectly, from any use, reliance or distribution of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The past performance of CMA is not indicative of the future performance of CMA. -
Chinese Englishes: a Sociolinguistic History
SIL Electronic Book Reviews 2011-010 Chinese Englishes: A sociolinguistic history By Kingsley Bolton Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. 360. paperback $50.00. ISBN 978-0-521-81163-7 (hardback), 0-521-81163-5 (hardback), 978-0-521-03001-4 (paperback), 0-521-03001-3 (paperback). Reviewed by Eldwin Truong SIL International Introduction The author of the book Chinese Englishes, Kingsley Bolton, was an Associate Professor in the Department of English at the University of Hong Kong. In the book, Bolton wanted to explore the sociolinguistic history of English in Hong Kong and China from first contact up to the present. The author argues that there is a rich forgotten history of English used in China and Hong Kong. He also explains the significant and complex role that English has played in education, commerce, and other areas of life there. Content The book is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is a general background about World Englishes. This chapter lays some foundation for the discussion about the use of English in Hong Kong and China. The author dives into the debates about English varieties around the world, between traditional varieties, such as those spoken in the United Kingdom, Australia, or North America, and newer varieties, such as those found in Africa, the Caribbean, or Asia. Bolton also attempts to link the study of the newer varieties named World or ‘new’ Englishes to other related disciplines such as English studies, corpus linguistics, sociology of language, applied linguistics, and others. Hong Kong English, English in China, and Chinese Englishes in general, are placed in the framework of these World or ‘new’ Englishes. -
89 Annual Meeting
Meeting Handbook Linguistic Society of America American Dialect Society American Name Society North American Association for the History of the Language Sciences Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas The Association for Linguistic Evidence 89th Annual Meeting UIF+/0 7/-+Fi0N i0N XgLP(+I'L 5/hL- 7/-+Fi0N` 96 ;_AA Ti0(i-e` @\A= ANNUAL REVIEWS It’s about time. Your time. It’s time well spent. VISIT US IN BOOTH #1 LEARN ABOUT OUR NEW JOURNAL AND ENTER OUR DRAWING! New from Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Linguistics linguistics.annualreviews.org • Volume 1 • January 2015 Co-Editors: Mark Liberman, University of Pennsylvania and Barbara H. Partee, University of Massachusetts Amherst The Annual Review of Linguistics covers significant developments in the field of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and their interfaces. Reviews synthesize advances in linguistic theory, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language change, biology and evolution of language, typology, and applications of linguistics in many domains. Complimentary online access to the first volume will be available until January 2016. TABLE OF CONTENTS: • Suppletion: Some Theoretical Implications, • Correlational Studies in Typological and Historical Jonathan David Bobaljik Linguistics, D. Robert Ladd, Seán G. Roberts, Dan Dediu • Ditransitive Constructions, Martin Haspelmath • Advances in Dialectometry, Martijn Wieling, John Nerbonne • Quotation and Advances in Understanding Syntactic • Sign Language Typology: The Contribution of Rural Sign Systems, Alexandra D'Arcy Languages, Connie de Vos, Roland Pfau • Semantics and Pragmatics of Argument Alternations, • Genetics and the Language Sciences, Simon E. Fisher, Beth Levin Sonja C. -
Copyrighted Material
Index accent, 4 animal husbandry, population and, 17–18 ACD (Austronesian Comparative APSC (ASEAN Political‐Security Dictionary), 38 Community), 727 ACE (Asian Corpus of English), 731, APT (ASEAN+3), 81–82 748–749 English in education, 91 AEC (ASEAN Economic Community), 727 monolingualism, 82–84 Afghan English dictionary, 220 national language in education, 91 agony and ecstasy of world Englishes, Arabic, 35–36 9–10 lexical borrowing in Southeast agriculture, population and, 17–18 Asia, 41 ALT (Assistant Language Teachers), areoversals, 172–173 Japan, 92 articles, irregular use, 176–177 alterglobalization, 709, 720 ARWU (Academic Ranking of World American English, Philippine English Universities), 157–159 and, 195–196 Aryan Vedic speakers, Rgveda American slang, Indian English, and, 20 259–260 ASCC (ASEAN Socio‐Cultural Americanization, globalization and, Community), 727 9–10 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Anglophone, marginalized traditions, Nations), 27 794 AEC (ASEAN Economic Anglophone Asian literature, 787 Community), 727 imperialism and, 793 APSC (ASEAN Political‐Security migration and, 793 Community), 727 racial mixture and,COPYRIGHTED 793 ASCC MATERIAL (ASEAN Socio‐Cultural Southeast Asia, 792–796 Community), 727 tiger symbol, 794 Charter of 2009, 728 angloversals, 172–173 globalization and, 707 The Handbook of Asian Englishes, First Edition. Edited by Kingsley Bolton, Werner Botha, and Andy Kirkpatrick. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 0004918362.INDD 887 8/7/2020 6:17:22 AM 888 Index ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Asian Englishes and linguistic Nations) (cont’d) landscapes, 833–861 history of English, 727–731 Asian Englishes and legal systems, internationalization of global 863–886 education, 10 as field of study, 2 language policies, 726–727 future study, 8–10 members, 81 Asian Englishes, 2 multilingualism and, 725–727 Asian Englishes: Beyond the canon standardization and, 718–719 (Kachru), 3 ASEAN ELF Asian Games, 587 community and, 735 Asian legal systems. -
Chinese Teachers' Views on the Increasing Use of Putonghua As A
Australian Journal of Teacher Education Chinese Teachers’ Views on the Increasing Use of Putonghua as a Medium of Instruction in Hong Kong Schools Xuesong (Andy) Gao Pamela Pui-Wan Leung John Trent Hong Kong Institute of Education Hong Kong SAR, China [email protected] Abstract: The use of a particular language as medium of instruction (MOI) is a complex issue in multilingual and post-colonial contexts such as Hong Kong, on which teachers’ voices are often neglected. To capture their voices, this paper reports on an interpretive inquiry of eight experienced Chinese teachers’ professional experiences with a focus on their perceptions concerning the increasing use of Putonghua as MOI in Chinese classes in Hong Kong. Through a collaborative interpretative process, the study revealed a wide spectrum of perceptions including reservations and enthusiasm for the switch to Putonghua as MOI. The findings suggest that the participants’ perceptions could be explained by references to shifting political, demographical conditions, the participants’ experiences of curriculum reforms and their concerns with pedagogical conditions. The paper ends with a discussion for the study’s implications for Chinese language teacher education in Hong Kong and elsewhere. The use of a particular language as medium of instruction (hereafter referred to as ‘MOI’) can be often associated with the ideological imposition of the dominant groups on the society at large to perpetuate a social structure to their advantage (Boyle, 1997; Gupta, 1997). Consequently, the MOI issue is often a highly complex one in multilingual and post-colonial contexts such as Hong Kong. In these contexts, any move to change the MOIs is likely to generate heated debates among different sectors of the society, leading to a chorus of different views and voices (on Hong Kong see Vol 35, 8, December 2010 79 Australian Journal of Teacher Education Chan, 2002; Davison & Lai, 2007; Tse, Shum, Wing & Chan, 2007; Tsui et al. -
The Emergence and Development of Hong Kong English
THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HONG KONG ENGLISH QI ZHANG Abstract The aim of this paper is to critically review previous studies on Hong Kong English (HKE) and examine the future research focus on this issue. Three historical stages are outlined to evaluate the emergence of HKE: the early era of English in Hong Kong, the late colonial era of HKE, and the post-1997 era of HKE. Two issues emerge from the evaluation of HKE. One is the negative attitude towards HKE, the other is whether English or Cantonese should be the medium of instruction in schools and universities. Although it can be concluded that HKE has already developed into a unique variety in the world, the future research focus could be on language attitude and the medium of instruction. Keywords: Hong Kong English, Englishes, Cantonese, diglossic, emergence. Introduction Hong Kong attracts a number of sociolinguistic scholars and researchers from the post-war era to the post-colonial period because of its social-historical transition. Even within this territory, there are many debates on the issue of language policy. English, as the only official language in the early years of Hong Kong becoming the British colony, still plays an important role in the domains of politics, economy, and education. On the other hand, English used in Hong Kong tends to have its own characteristics, which are gradually becoming more and more systematic. Under these circumstances, the existence of a Hong Kong English (HKE) seems to be a concept 1 that will be proved and recognized by degrees. However, there is an anxiety in Hong Kong that the standard of English has been likely to decline in the last few decades and this situation might become worse because of the change in language policy after the transfer of sovereignty. -
The Incorporation of Chinese Literature in Modern American Poetry
INNOVATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS: THE INCORPORATION OF CHINESE LITERATURE IN MODERN AMERICAN POETRY By JAMES INNIS MCDOUGALL A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2007 1 © 2007 James Innis McDougall 2 To Liulu and Colin 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank Liulu for sustaining this project by pointing to dreams that shift and reform again and again like clouds on far horizons, turning the constant trudge on the everyday cracked concrete to a dance upon the grace notes of Fortuna’s strathspeys (a strathspey is a working song, such that as you labor the music coaxes you along). Wee Colin, xiao Benzheng, the early one, I want to thank for showing me the conspiracy of ocean currents in one caul- obscured wail. I am grateful always to my mother, father, brothers, sister, brother-in-law, nieces, and nephews for the endless lessons in poetics—Here’s tae us! Wha’s like us!?! Damn few and they’re a’ deid! I offer my deepest, most sincere thanks to my dissertation committee chair, Marsha Bryant, who led me to the gates of this word horde, piloting me through many a treacherous byway, and for giving me a true apprenticeship in the crafts of scholarship and writing. Finally, I would like to thank C.K. Shih, Malini Schueller, and Susan Hegeman; it is an honor and a privilege to work with them; their encouragement, questions, insights, and guidance helped me to mature as a scholar. -
English in Hong Kong: Emergence and Decline
English in Hong Kong: Emergence and Decline John E. Joseph Department of Applied Linguistics, The University of Edinburgh, 14 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh EH8 9LN The current situation of English in Hong Kong is the subject of two competing discourses, a public one centred on the decline of language standards, and an academic one centred on the emergence of a distinctive Hong Kong English. It is not the case that one is right and the other wrong; they are two ways of looking at the same linguistic development, and both have validity for their very different purposes. After consider- ing the social changes behind the ‘decline’ account, this paper examines the grounds for recognising an emerging Hong Kong English. It then looks at how various political changes might affect a future Hong Kong identity, such that Hong Kong English might eventually become a public reality as well as an academic one. Introduction Hong Kong in the 1990s is a fascinating linguistic crucible, as the wide range of papers in this issue reflects. The situation provides linguists with a wealth of material to study, yet at the same time challenges our conceptual and methodo- logical presuppositions. When I arrived in 1993 to take up the Chair of English Language and Linguistics at the University of Hong Kong, I assumed that certain categories of linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis were universally applicable, and that if we merely applied them widely and diligently enough we could get a reasonable understanding of the linguistic situation here. By the time of my departure at the end of 1996, I had come to appreciate more fully the uniqueness of the historical situation.