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Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Heather Marlene Bennett University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Bennett, Heather Marlene, "Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 734. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/734 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Long Live the Revolutions: Fighting for France's Political Future in the Long Wake of the Commune, 1871-1880 Abstract The traumatic legacies of the Paris Commune and its harsh suppression in 1871 had a significant impact on the identities and voter outreach efforts of each of the chief political blocs of the 1870s. The political and cultural developments of this phenomenal decade, which is frequently mislabeled as calm and stable, established the Republic's longevity and set its character. Yet the Commune's legacies have never been comprehensively examined in a way that synthesizes their political and cultural effects. This dissertation offers a compelling perspective of the 1870s through qualitative and quantitative analyses of the influence of these legacies, using sources as diverse as parliamentary debates, visual media, and scribbled sedition on city walls, to explicate the decade's most important political and cultural moments, their origins, and their impact. -
Marx and the Politics of the First'international
This article was downloaded by: [York University Libraries] On: 07 September 2014, At: 15:14 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Socialism and Democracy Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/csad20 Marx and the Politics of the First International George C. Comninel Published online: 08 Aug 2014. To cite this article: George C. Comninel (2014) Marx and the Politics of the First International, Socialism and Democracy, 28:2, 59-82, DOI: 10.1080/08854300.2014.918451 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2014.918451 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. -
The Origin of Socialist Reformism in France*
CARL LANDAUER THE ORIGIN OF SOCIALIST REFORMISM IN FRANCE* PRELUDE: THE OPPOSITION TO MARX IN THE INTERNATIONAL Although the International Workingmen's Association is often called the Marxian International, it was at no time safely under the control of Karl Marx. The spirit of Marx, however, was the strongest single influence in the organization from its beginning, and from 1868, when the Proudhonians had suffered defeat at the Brussels Congress, to 1872, when Bakunin's opposition proved too strong to be overcome, Marx possessed more power in the organization than anyone else. Yet this power collapsed in 1872: Although formally Marx was the victor at the Hague Congress, actually in the conflict with Bakunin it became evident that Marx's position was disintegrating. What were the reasons? "Marx accused his opponent of the intention to introduce into the Association ideological disorder, the spirit of [political] abstentionism and of federalism, in the Utopian desire to create a communal organi- zation without government. Bakunin, in his turn, criticized Marx for wanting to impose on the International a unified dogma and a party discipline in order to create a regime of authoritarian communism first in the Association and then in the state (dans les gouvernements)."1 Unfortunately for Marx and for the unity of the workers' movement, many members of the International who by no means believed in a "communal organization without a government" and perhaps were not * The author wishes to express his gratitude to the Institute of International Studies at the University of California at Berkeley for financial support in meeting expenses incurred in the collection of material; also to Monsieur Couta- rel, librarian of the Prefecture de police in Paris, for permission to use the files of the Prefecture; and to the staff of the Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis in Amsterdam, especially to Mr T. -
L'action Politique De Paul Brousse, Homme De Sciences, Au Service De
Bulletin de la Sabix Société des amis de la Bibliothèque et de l'Histoire de l'École polytechnique 58 | 2016 Autour de Charles de Freycinet L’action politique de Paul Brousse, homme de sciences, au service de la médecine psychiatrique Yves Billard Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/sabix/1588 ISSN : 2114-2130 Éditeur Société des amis de la bibliothèque et de l’histoire de l’École polytechnique (SABIX) Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 février 2016 Pagination : 75-79 ISSN : 0989-30-59 Référence électronique Yves Billard, « L’action politique de Paul Brousse, homme de sciences, au service de la médecine psychiatrique », Bulletin de la Sabix [En ligne], 58 | 2016, mis en ligne le 13 juillet 2018, consulté le 08 septembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/sabix/1588 © SABIX L’action politique de Paul Brousse, homme de sciences, au service de la médecine psychiatrique Yves Billard Évoquer Paul Brousse dans le cadre d’un col- arrondissement, dans les années 1880, il en loque consacré à Charles de Freycinet peut est l’élu (conseiller de Paris puis député) de surprendre. S’ils sont contemporains (Brousse 1887 à 1910. C’est pendant ce quart de siècle est né en 1844) ils se sont peu fréquentés. qu’il consacre le meilleur de son action poli- Passé de l’anarchisme au socialisme, Brousse tique à la médecine en général et à la méde- avait peu de chances de frayer avec le Pré- cine « psychiatrique » en particulier. sident du Conseil Freycinet dans les années 1880. S’ils se sont connus, c’est sans doute Il n’est pas inutile dans le cas de Paul Brousse en 1906-1910 quand Brousse est député de commencer par une évocation de son de la Seine, dont Freycinet est sénateur. -
The Socialist Party of Canada
The Impossibilists: A brief profile of the Socialist Party of Canada by Peter E. Newell In memory of Geoff Verco (1925 – 2006), a friend for 66 years ii By the same author Fighting the Revolution: Makho-Durruti-Zapata (London, England, 1972) Zapata of Mexico (Sanday, Scotland, 1979) (reprinted: Montreal, Canada, 1997) (reprinted: London, England, 2005) Stamps of Alderney (Chippenham, England, 1982) (reprinted and enlarged: Brighton, England, 1988) Photographs supplied by the late George Jenkins, Karla Rab Ellenbogen, Steve Shannon, Steve Szalai, John Ames, Adam Buick, the author and the Cumberland Museum on Vancouver Island. Front cover designed by the author. Peter E Newell left school at 17 years of age without any qualifications. He has been a draughtsman, a postman, a trade union journalist and official, a sewage worker and a local government officer. He has been a member of an appropriate trade union since 1944, and is a member of the retired members’ section of UNISON. He retired from Colchester Borough Council in 1995. He spent some time Mexico, in 1979, and his Zapata of Mexico has been published in Scotland, Canada and England. i “…the possessing class rules directly by means of universal suffrage. As long as the oppressed class – in our case, therefore, the proletariat – is not ripe for its self-liberation, so long will it, in its majority, recognise the existing order of society as the only possible one and remain politically the tail of the capitalist class, its extreme left wing. But in the measure in which it matures towards its self-emancipation, in the same measure it constitutes itself as its own party and votes for its own representatives, not those of the capitalists. -
Radicalism Or Reformism? Socialist Parties Before World War I
Radicalism or Reformism? Socialist Parties before World War I Gary Marks Heather A. D. Mbaye University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill University of West Georgia VU Amsterdam Hyung Min Kim Inha University This article builds on social movement theory to explain ideological variation among socialist, social democratic, and labor parties across 18 countries in the early twentieth century. We propose a causal argument connecting (1) the political emergence of the bourgeoisie and its middle-class allies to (2) the political space for labor unions and working-class parties, which (3) provided a setting for internal pressures and external opportunities that shaped socialist party ideology. Combining quantitative analysis and case studies, we find that the timing of civil liberties and the strength of socialist links with labor unions were decisive for reformism or radicalism. Refining Lipset’s prior analysis, we qualify his claim that male suffrage provides a key to socialist orientation. hanges in class and political relations in all industrial societies. Unlike the “Cwithin industrially developedDelivered societies, by Ingentacenter/periphery to : and religious cleavages arising much like the shifts in left-wing politicsUniversity in the of North Carolina Tue, 18 Aug 2009from 20:55:06 nation-state formation and the United States and Europe, may be analyzed Reformation, the class cleavage characterizes all within the framework of an ‘apolitical’ industrial societies. In this article, we ask why Marxism—that is, by accepting the proposition that conflict varied so decisively prior to World that technological advances and the distribu- War I: Why were some socialist parties radical tion of economic classes determine the politi- and others reformist? cal and cultural superstructures, but without Socialist, social democratic, and labor parties assuming that socialism will succeed capital- formed across Europe, North America, and ism” (Lipset 2001:77). -
Karl Marx and the Iwma Revisited 299 Jürgen Herres
“Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” <UN> Studies in Global Social History Editor Marcel van der Linden (International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Sven Beckert (Harvard University, Cambridge, ma, usa) Dirk Hoerder (University of Arizona, Phoenix, ar, usa) Chitra Joshi (Indraprastha College, Delhi University, India) Amarjit Kaur (University of New England, Armidale, Australia) Barbara Weinstein (New York University, New York, ny, usa) volume 29 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sgsh <UN> “Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” The First International in a Global Perspective Edited by Fabrice Bensimon Quentin Deluermoz Jeanne Moisand leiden | boston <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: Bannière de la Solidarité de Fayt (cover and back). Sources: Cornet Fidèle and Massart Théophile entries in Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier en Belgique en ligne : maitron-en -ligne.univ-paris1.fr. Copyright : Bibliothèque et Archives de l’IEV – Brussels. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bensimon, Fabrice, editor. | Deluermoz, Quentin, editor. | Moisand, Jeanne, 1978- editor. Title: “Arise ye wretched of the earth” : the First International in a global perspective / edited by Fabrice Bensimon, Quentin Deluermoz, Jeanne Moisand. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Studies in global social history, issn 1874-6705 ; volume 29 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018002194 (print) | LCCN 2018004158 (ebook) | isbn 9789004335462 (E-book) | isbn 9789004335455 (hardback : alk. -
Socialism: a Historical Sketch
University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1916 Socialism: A historical sketch William J. Ghent Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Ghent, William J., "Socialism: A historical sketch" (1916). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 218. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/218 APPEAL SOCIALIST CLASSICS EDITED BY W. J. GHENT No. a Socialism: A Historical Sketch Copyright, 1916, by Appeal to Reason APPEAL TO REASON Cirnrd, Kansa THE SERIES The pamphlets in this series are composed, in the main, of selections from the publlshed work of Socialist writers, mostly of the present day. In some of them, particularly "Socialist Documents" and "Socialism and Government," the writings used are mainly of collective, rather than individual autborship; whlle the EUstorical Sketch is the composition of the editor. To the selections given, the editor has added explanatvry and connecting paragraphs weldin~ the fragments into a co herent whole. Too aim is the ma mg together in conci e and systematic form, of what has been most clearly and pertinently said, either by individual Socialist writers or by committees speaking Ior the party as a whole, on al1 of the main phases of Socialism. In their finished form bey might, with some appropriate ness, be termed mosaics: each pamphlet is an arrangement of parts from many sources according to a unitary design. -
Reformism and Jules Guesde: 1891–1904
LESLIE DERFLER REFORMISM AND JULES GUESDE: 1891-1904 "One difficulty with analysis in social science is that it deals with categories, not people." Daniel Bell, The End of Ideology A subtitle of this essay could conceivably read, "a subject in search of a biographer". It examines the motives of Jules Guesde, who intro- duced and organized Marxism in France, in shifting from revolutionary to reformist, and back to a revolutionary position. In charting these movements I have applied some new evidence, that found in recently available police archives, to an old problem. Some procedures ought to be made clear. Reformism is viewed mainly as a question of tactics; most socialists always sought as their objective basic changes in the status of the underprivileged and in the nature of property ownership. In any case, what socialists did is at least as important as what socialists said. No attempt is made at a structural analysis of the various socialist factions. Maurice Duverger has shown that little institutionalization existed here and that individual leaders enjoyed great personal power and prestige. Some, presumably Guesde, were "very authoritarian and very imbued with their personal power and not much inclined to dilute it." Leaders continued to exert considerable influence after the esta- blishment of institutional frameworks - as that given to the Parti ouvrier franfais in 1890. * In his amazingly comprehensive study of the Guesdists, Claude Willard agrees that despite an annual congress and a National Council, Guesde and Lafargue "played a primary role and stamped the party with their imprint".2 Finally, the presentation of recent evidence must abridge in a short paper much that is already familiar. -
French and English Social Reform Rhetoric, 1880-1914
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2000 Toward a Provident Working Class: French and English Social Reform Rhetoric, 1880-1914 James R. Gavan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Gavan, James R., "Toward a Provident Working Class: French and English Social Reform Rhetoric, 1880-1914" (2000). Master's Theses. 4122. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4122 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TOW ARD A PROVIDENT WORKING CLASS: FRENCH AND ENGLISH SOCIAL REFORM RHETORIC, 1880-1914 By James R. Gavan A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History WesternMichigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 2000 Copyright by James R. Gavan 2000 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to acknowledge the guidance, patience, and editing mastery of my graduate committee members Dr. Dale Porter, Dr. Judith Stone, and Dr. Jena Gaines. Their candor and thoughtful consideration of my work, coupled with a profound lack of sarcasm (which was oftenwarranted), has made this process far more palatable than it otherwise might have been. Like liberal politicians in tum-of the-century England, Dr. Porter might argue, this committee managed to keep my loftyarguments within the "realm of the possible." I would also like to extend a debt of gratitude to several people within the History Department at WesternMichigan University. -
Reformism and Jules Guesde: 1891-1904
LESLIE DERFLER REFORMISM AND JULES GUESDE: 1891-1904 "One difficulty with analysis in social science is that it deals with categories, not people." Daniel Bell, The End of Ideology A subtitle of this essay could conceivably read, "a subject in search of a biographer". It examines the motives of Jules Guesde, who intro- duced and organized Marxism in France, in shifting from revolutionary to reformist, and back to a revolutionary position. In charting these movements I have applied some new evidence, that found in recently available police archives, to an old problem. Some procedures ought to be made clear. Reformism is viewed mainly as a question of tactics; most socialists always sought as their objective basic changes in the status of the underprivileged and in the nature of property ownership. In any case, what socialists did is at least as important as what socialists said. No attempt is made at a structural analysis of the various socialist factions. Maurice Duverger has shown that little institutionalization existed here and that individual leaders enjoyed great personal power and prestige. Some, presumably Guesde, were "very authoritarian and very imbued with their personal power and not much inclined to dilute it." Leaders continued to exert considerable influence after the esta- blishment of institutional frameworks - as that given to the Parti ouvrier franfais in 1890. * In his amazingly comprehensive study of the Guesdists, Claude Willard agrees that despite an annual congress and a National Council, Guesde and Lafargue "played a primary role and stamped the party with their imprint".2 Finally, the presentation of recent evidence must abridge in a short paper much that is already familiar. -
T. A. JACKSON . a Centenary Appreciation
OUR HISTORY PAMPHLET 73 PRICE 45p T. A. JACKSON . a centenary appreciation by Vivien Morton and Stuart Macintyre OUR HISTORY is published by the History Group of the Communist Party, 16 King Street, London WC2E 8HY. The Group exists to further the study of history from a Marxist standpoint and to put its T. A. JACKSON - REVOLUTIONARY AND WORKING CLASS members in touch with others in the same field. Membership is open INTELLECTUAL: Centenary Appreciation 1879-1979 to all members of the Communist Party. Non-members may subscribe to Our History at the above address. Trade distribution is by Central by Vivien Morton and Stuart Madntyre Books, 37 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 9PS. This year is the centenary of the birth of Thomas Alfred Jackson - TAJ as he liked to be called, but Tommy to a wider circle of friends and acquaintances — who was a founder-member of the Communist Parry and one of its outstanding writers, orators and leaders. He is known and loved by those Communists whose memory goes back thirty years, as well as by a great many others in contact with the labour colleges and the wider working class movement. His autobiography, Solo Trumpet, which was published in 1953 and deals with his first forty years, is recognised as a classic working-class memoir. And there is a long entry in the Dictionary of Labour Biography written by his daughter, Vivien Morton, and John Saville which provides a wide- The next issue will be a historical examination of the national ranging account of his activities.