University Press

The History of Oxford University Press

GENERAL EDITOR Simon Eliot

VOLUME I Beginnings to 1/80

EDITED BY

Ian Gadd

OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS

List ofColour Plates xiv List ofFigures xv

List ofMaps xxi List ofTables and Graphs xxii List ofAbbreviations and Conventions xxiii

List ofContributors xxvi

Note xxviii

Maps xxix

Introduction 3 Ian Gadd

PART I Establishing the Press

1. Printing at Oxford in its European Context 1478-1584 31 Kristian Jensen

2. 'Printers to the University'1584-1658 51 Jason Peacey

3. The Fell Era 1658-1686 79 Vivienne Larminie

4. The Fell Legacy 1686-1755 107 Matthew Kilburn

5. The Blackstone Reforms 1755-1780 139 Matthew Kilburn

6. The University and the Press 1584-1780 159 Andrew Hegarty

7. The Workplace: Places, Procedures, and Personnel 1668-1780 193 Martyn Ould

part II Learned and Bible Publishing 1585-1780

8. A Learned Press in a Commercial World 243 John Feather xi CONTENTS

9. The Learned Press: Printing for the University Catalogues of the Bodleian Library and Other Collections 279 Richard Ovenden

Ephemera and Frequently Reprinted Works 293 Martyn Ould

10. The Learned Press: Geography, Science, and Mathematics 309 Vittorifl Feola and Scott Mandelbrote

11. The Learned Press: Divinity 351 William Poole

12. The Learned Press: Classics and Related Works

Classics 371 P. R. Quarrie

New Year Books, University Verses, and Neo-Latin Works 385 David Money

13. The Learned Press: Oriental Languages 399 Alastair Hamilton

14. The Learned Press: History, Languages, Literature, and Music 419 Matthew Kilburn

15. The Learned Press: Law and Medicine

Law 461 Vittoria Feola

Medicine 469 Peter MurrayJones

16. The Bible Press 481 Scott Mandelbrote

17. The Printed Page 511 Paul Luna and Martyn Ould

PA RT111 The Press in its Local, National, and International Context 1584-1780

18. The University and the Oxford Book Trade 549 Ian Gadd

19. The Press and the London Book Trade 569 Ian Gadd

20. An International Press 601

Ian Gadd

xii CONTENTS

Conclusion 627 Ian Gadd

APPENDICES

I. Chronology to 1780 631 II. Delegates of the Press, 1584-1780 637 III. Meetings of the Delegates of the Press, 1668-1780 642 IV. Printers, Lessees ofthe Bible Press, Warehouse Keepers, and Individuals Elected as Architypographus 647 V. Transcriptions and Translations 650 Supplicatio (c.1584) 650 Patents to the University (1632 and 1633) 652 University statutes (1634-6), Title 18, Section 5 659 'Great Charter' (1636), excerpt 660 University statutes, Title 10, Section 2, Chapter 7 (1757) 667 VI. Glossary of University and Technical Terms 670

Archival Overview 681

Index 683

xiii LIST OF COLOUR PLATES

1. Gerard Langbaine (1608/9-1658), Provost of Queen's College and Keeper of the University Archives [unknown artist] (By permission of the Provost and Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford) 2. Samuel Clarke (bap. 1624, d. 1669), Oxford's first Architypographus [unknown artist] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford) 3. Sir Leoline Jenkins (1625-1685), Principal ofJesus College [Herbert Tuer, 1679] (© National Portrait Gallery, London) 4. Thomas Yate (c.1604-1681), Principal of Brasenose College [unknown artist] (The Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College) 5. John Fell (1625-1686), Dean of Christ Church [after Sir Peter Lely] (The Governing Body of Christ Church, Oxford) 6. Sir Joseph Williamson (1633-1701), Secretary of State [unknown artist] (© National Portrait Gallery, London) 7. John Wallis (1616-1703), Keeper ofthe University Archives [Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1701] (The Examination Schools, University of Oxford. © Isis Innovation Ltd 2006) 8. Henry Aldrich (1648-1710), Dean of Christ Church [after Sir Godfrey Kneller] (The Governing Body of Christ Church, Oxford) 9. Thomas Hearne (bap. 1678, d. 1735), Under-Librarian at the Bodleian and, briefly, Architypographus [unknown artist] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (MS. Top. Oxon c.19, no. 123)) 10. Sir William Blackstone (1723-1780), Delegate of the Press [Tilly Kettle] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford)

11. The printing statute in the Codex Authenticus, displaying Laud's seals as Chancellor and Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Great Seal of England [OUA/WPy/25c/i, 454 x309mm] (© Oxford University Archives) 12. Clementis ad Corinthios epistolaprior (1633) [Bodl., 40 Rawl. 477(2), 203 x 161mm] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford) Musarum 13. Oxoniensiumpro regesuo soteria (1633) [BL, C.i22.e.2/i, 199 x 146mm] (By permission of the British Library) 14. Copperplate engraving (147 x 160mm) by Michael Burghers (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford)

15. Copperplate engraving (147 x 160mm) by Michael Burghers as printed in Epithalamia Oxoniensia (1734) [Bodl., H 1.19(1) Art.] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford) 16. Matrices for Peter de Walpergen's Samaritan type (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) The 17. figure of'Printing' (top-right), from Robert Streater's painting, Truth descending the Arts and upon Sciences', on the ceiling ofthe Sheldonian Theatre (© International Fine Art Conservation Studios Ltd) LIST OF FIGURES

o i The first work printed on Joseph Barnes's press In aduentum illustnssimi Lecestrensis comitis ad Collegium Lincolmense (1585) [Bodl, Wood 516(2), 199 x146mm]

11 Colophon from Exposttio in symbolum apostolorum (1478), displaying the wrong year [Bodl, Arch G e 8,182 x 125mm] 2 1 Joseph Barnes's first book John Case, Speculum morahum quaestionum in universam ethicen Aristotelis (1585) [Bodl, D10 20 Line, 193 x 146mm] 3 1 John Fell's will, in his own hand, outlining the disposal ofhis interest m the press [Oxford, Christ Church, MS Estates 80, fos 6v-7r, 311 x 219mm] 3 2 Advertisement to Booksellers (1680) with Anthony Wood's annotations [Bodl, Wood 516(10*), 179 x 147mm]

41 William Roper, Vita D Thomae Mori equitis aurati, ed Thomas Hearne (1716), showing Hearne's ingenious response to being forbidden from using the Oxford imprint [Bodl, Mus Bibl II 55(1), 194 x 121mm] 5 1 William Blackstone's 'Some Thoughts on the Oxford Press', dated 25 March 1756 [OUP/F/1/2,198 x 165mm] 6 1 Hawksmoor's proposed redevelopment of the central university area The proposed printer's house ('Domus Aichitypographi') can be seen south-west of the Bodleian Library [Bodl, MS Top Oxon a 26(R), cropped, full plan, 755 x 1140mm] 6 2 The 1757 printing statute, inserted into the Vice-Chancellor's own copy of the statutes [OUA/WPy/25c/2,363 x 244mm] 6 3-5 The development of the central university area as represented in maps of 1578 [Bodl, Gough Maps Oxfordshire 2], 1675 [David Loggan, Oxonia illustrata, plate 2], and 1733 [William Williams, Oxoniadepicta, plate 5] 6 6 The University processes m front ofthe Sheldoman Theatre and Clarendon Printing House, 1733 [William Williams, Oxonia depicta, plate 6,465 x 1200mm] 71 Gerard Langbame's inventory of Hebrew matrices [OUA/SEP/P/i7b/3/47, 305 x206mm]

7 2 The Sheldoman Theatre with the floor up, showing the space m which the

pi esses were housed (from the renovations of the early 1960s) 7 3 Copy of Benjamin Cole's plan of the pioposed Clarendon Printing House superimposed over the existing tenements [OUA/SEP/i9/26a, 505 x 910mm] The compass rose at top right is misaligned

7 4 University printing houses, 1669-1713 7 5-6 Nicholas Hawksmoor's plans for the new Clarendon Printing House [Oxford, Worcester College, Clarke Collection, nos 117-18 374 x 488 and 370 x 492mm] LIST OF FIGURES

accounts 7 7 A book inventory from the Warehouse Keeper's [OUP/PR/1/18/2,

362 x 232mm] 205 accounts 78 A paper inventory from the Warehouse Keepei's [OUP/PR/1/18/1, 210 375 x 248mm] Michael 7 9 View of the Sheldonian Theatre and adjacent tenements by Burghers taken from Encyclopaedia seu orbis hterarum prout in Academia Oxomensi (1709) [Bodl, Gough Maps 57 M, 435 x 352mm] 214

sheet m the of 710 A surviving proof for Epicteti Enchiridion (1670), G, binding Gyorgy Enyedi, Exphcationes locorum Veteris et Novt Testament (Gronmgen, 1670) [Trinity College, Oxford, 14 3] 228 Bible 711 An opening from a 'bill book' of the press [OUP/PR/14/6/1, 318 x200mm] 237 81 Pages from the mmutebooks of the Delegates ofthe Press [OUP/M/1/1 (1668-1756), 186 x 143mm, OUP/M/1/21 (1758-94), 355 x 265mm] 242 82 A Proposal tending to the advancement ofLearning at the Theater in Oxford (1681) [Bodl, Wood 423(54). 335 x 210mm] 250

drawn Fell in 8 3 'Books begun to be printed at the Theater in Oxford', up by 1672 [All Souls College, MS 239a, fo lr, 235 xi66mm] 251 84 A Catalogue ofBooks, Printed at the Theater in Oxford (1677), with Anthony Wood's annotations [Bodl, Wood 66ob(8), 320 x 205mm] 259

9 1 Catalogus hbrorum bibhothecae pubhcae (1605) [Bodl, Antiq e E 1605 2,

199 x142mm] 278 9 2 Catalogus 1mpressorum hbrorum Bibhothecae Bodleianae in Academia Oxomensi (1674) [Copy pi esumed to be from OUP Printer's Library but no longer held, indicative dimensions, Bodl, Vet A3 b 326,415 x 273mm] 286

9 3 Anthony Wood's annotated copy ofthe 1674 library catalogue, as bequeathed to the Ashmolean Museum [Bodl, Library Records B 467, 367 x233mm] 288

9 4 Inscription m the copy of the 1674 library catalogue presented to John Evelyn [private collection] 289 9 5-6 Two eighteenth-century university notices [Bodl, Gough Oxon 101(1),

320 x200mm, G A Oxonb 1960x4(7), 518 x367mm] 295

9 7 Statuta selecta e corpore statutorum universitatis Oxon (1638) [Bodl, Marl M15,

141 x 89mm] 302

101 Plate from Robert M01 ison, Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis (1699)

[Bodl, Z 419 Jur 452 x 285mm] 308 10 2 Henry Savile, Praelectiones tresdecim in principium elementoi um Euchdis (1621) [Bodl, Savile V 23,222 x 148mm] 312

10 3 Opening from John Wallis, Ap^rjSoix; rou ZupaKoucriou kcu

KukIou ^£Tpr]cTtg (1676) [Wing A3622, Oxford, Christ Church OR 6 3(1), 148 x88mm] 328

10 4 John Fell, Grammatica rationis (1673) [Bodl, 8° T 86 Art 136 x 73mm] 329

10 5 Opening from Robert Plot Natural History ofOxford-shire (1677) [Bodl

OUP Printer s Library 312 x 194mm] 335 10 6 Plate from Francis Willughby, Histona piscium (1686) [Bodl, Douce Wsubt

84,371x226mm] 340 LIST OF FIGURES

Moses The 10.7 Pitt, English Atlas (1680—3) [Bodl., Map Res. 52-55,577 x 338mm] 341 10.8 Edward Wells, A New Sett ofMaps Both ofAntient and Present Geography (1700) b [Bodl., (Vet.) 2027 33,428 x 316mm] 343 10 9 John Walks, Opeia mathematica (1693-9), with associated woodblock to be Hertford [Presumed College copy, previously on deposit m OUP Printer's Library, now missing. Indicative dimensions from Bodl, B.i 13,

315 x202mm] 344

11.1 Cyprian, Opera (1682) [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 375 x 240mm] 350

11.2 Faith Of Necessary to Salvation (1688), printed by Obadiah Walker's press

[Oxford, Queen's College, UU.k.37,227 x168mm] 359 From the 11.3 Synodicon (1672) [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 428 x 272mm] 361 11.4 From Sacrorum Evangehorum versio Gothica, ed. Eric Benzelius and Edward

Lye (1750) [Bodl, Clar. Press 1 f 42,283 x 227mm] 366 12.1 Herodotus,'HpoS6TouAA.iKapvaCTcreco?,IcrTOptd)'V7tpwTriiKA.£Lto (1591) [STC,

no 13225; Bodl., 40 P138 Art, 179 x130mm] 370 12.2 Tryphiodorus, TputjnoScopou TAlou aAxocru; (1741) [ESTC T102772; Bodl, 8°

A118(2) }ur., 214 x137mm] 379

12.3 Theocritus, Theocriti Syracusn quae supersunt (1770) [Bodl., (Vet.) 2937 c.i, 297 x233mm] 380 12.4 Aratus, Apa-rou SoXewg Oaivo^eva kcu AiooT^ela (1672) [Wing, A3596; Bodl., 8° D 86 Lmc., 188 x113mm] 386 12.5 Phalandis... Epistolae, ed Charles Boyle (1695) [Bodl, Auct S 6 20(1), 187 x116mm] 388

12.6 Exequiae illustnssimi equitis, D. Philxppi Sidnaei (1587) [Bodl, Buxton 79,

172 x127mm] 390 12.7 From Marci Hieronymi Vidae. ,poematum,ed Thomas Tristram (1722-3)

[Bodl., Vet. A4 d.61-2,229 x 153mm] 395

12.8 From William Dobson, Paradisus Amissus (1750) [Bodl., 4° BS. 574, 261x206mm] 396 13.1 Novum Testamentum Aegyptium, ed David Wilkms (1716) [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 245 x 194mm] 398

13 2 Edward Pococke, Specimen hstoriae Arabum (1650) [Bodl., 40 A 37 Art Seld,

187 x136mm] 403 13.3 Fiom Isaac Abendana, Jewish Kalendar (1699), with notes by Charles Blake, fellow ofSt John's College [Bodl., MS Top Oxonf.43,122 x70mm] 405 13 4 From Heinrich Wilhelm Ludolf, Grammatica Russica (1696) [Oxfoid, St John's College, HB4/3 b 3 24,212 x 134mm] 407 13 5 From Novum Testamentum Aegyptium, ed David Wilkms (1716) [Bodl, C8 32 Line, 245 x194mm] 408

13 6 Two pages from Mtsnaepars ordmisprimi Zeraim tituli septem, ed William Guise (1690) [Bodl, Mar 104(1), 205 x 151mm] 410

141 From the printer's copy for Clarendon's History ofthe Rebellion [Bodl, MS Clar 114,365 x248mm] 418

2 Charles 8° W Th x 14 Edwards, Yffydd ddi-ffuant (1671) [Bodl, 72 , 156 100mm] 435

14 3 Fiom William Somner, Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum (1659)

MS 7,341 x 437 [Bodl, Junius 217mm] t LIST OF FIGURES

14.4 From George Hickes, Thesaurus (1703-5) [Bodl., Douce H. subt. 40-1,

400 x252mm] 440

14.5 Elizabeth Elstob, The English Saxon Homilies ofAelfric (1715) [BL, MS Lansd.

373,295 x204mm] 443 14.6 The Works ofShakespear, ed. Thomas Hanmer (1743-4) [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 300 x 226mm] 449 14.7 Advertisement inviting subscriptions for a new edition ofJonathan Swift's works Jackson's OxfordJournal (1763) [British Library] 453 14.8 From John Wilson, Cheerfull Ayres or Ballads First Composedfor One Single Voice and since SetforThree Voices (1660) [Bodl, Vet. A3 e.1162-3,141 x 193mm] 456 15.1 Edmund Gibson, Codex iuris ecclesiastici Anglicani (1761) [Bodl., R. 2. 42/1,2 o.s., 412 x 261mm] 460 15.2 Alberico Gentili, De iniustitia bellica Romanorum actio (1590) [Bodl., Antiq.e.E.1590.2,192 x139mm] 464 15.3 Richard Zouche, Elementa iurisprudentiae (1636) [Oxford, All Souls College, cc.infra 1.9,211 x 164mm] 465

15.4 From Walter Bailey, Briefe Treatise ...of... Eie-sight (1602) [Bodl., 20 c.8,

136 x93mm] 471 15.5 Robert Boyle, Some Considerations touching the Usefulnesse ofExperimental

Naturall Philosophy (1663) [Bodl., RR. w. 47,188 x 145mm] 475 16.1 Specimen ofannotated Bible, with John Fell's instructions [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 329 x 212mm] 480 16.2 Engraved and letterpress title-pages for The Holy Bible (1675) [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 218 x 162mm] 487 The 16.3 Holy Bible (1684) [BL, 3036^.11.(2.), 340 x220mm] 491 16.4 An Advertisement ofseveral Bibles and Common-Prayer Books lately printed at the Theatre in Oxford (1685) [Houghton Library, TypTS 605.85.665,300 x 223mm] 492

16.5 John Gregory's edition of the Greek New Testament (1703) [Bodl., L 7.14

Th., 381x242mm] 499 16.6 The Bible Holy (1717) [Oxford, St John's College, C.subt.8,486 x 312mm] 500 The Bible 16.7 Holy (1769) [OUP, 393 x 243mm] 507 The 17.1 Oxford Almanack (1674) [OUP, 978 x 751mm] 510 17.2 From John Butler, A Sermon Preached at St. Mary's Church (1778) [Bodl, D 4° 4(11) Th., 211 x 161mm] 519 17.3 From William Cowper, The Anatomy ofHumane Bodies (1698) [Bodl., Vet.

A3 a.i, 643 x 406mm] 521 From David 17.4 Gregory's edition of Euclid's Elements (1703) [Bodl., C 3.15

Art., 384 x236mm] 522

17.5 The Almanack x Oxford (1681) [OUP, 508 463mm] 523 The Almanack 17.6 Oxford (1715) [OUP, 497 x 443mm] 524 17.7 The Oxford Almanack (1774), showing the Clarendon Printing House

x [OUP, 464 457mm] 525 17.8 From Robert Plot, De originefontium (1685) [Bodl., 8° O 29(1) Line, 158 x93mm] 527 Richard 17.9 Allestree, The Ladies Calling (1673), with an engraving of the university arms flanked by the arms of the four Oxford partners. LIST OF FIGURES

Clockwise from top-left: Jenkins, Williamson, Yate, and Fell [Bodl, 8° G

135 Art., 185 x 115mm] 530 17.10 From Joseph Barnes's edition ofTheodore de Beze's Sermons (1587) [Bodl.,

Bliss B 5,173 x 121mm] 532 17.11 Fabularum Aesopicarum delectus (1698) [Oxford, Brasenose College, Yarb

An, 186 x116mm] 534 17.12 Francisci Iunii Franciscifilii etymologicum Anglicanum, ed. Edward Lye (1743)

[Bodl., Douce I subt. 9,345 x 229mm] 535 17.13 From Ismael Abu'l-Feda, de vita, et rebusgestis Mohammedis (1723) [Bodl., N 2.11 Th., 386 x 250mm] 538

17.14 John Channing's edition ofAlbucasis de chirurgia (1778) [Bodl., II 23,24

Art., 283 x 227mm] 539

17.15 From Praelectiones tresdecim inprincipium elementorum Euclidis (1621) [Bodl.,

SavileV 23,222 x148mm] 541

18.1 Signatures of nine (out of thirteen) employees of the university press who were matriculated in December 1691 [OUA, SP 41, pp.740-1,190 x 145mm] 548 18.2 Vice-Chancellor Prideaux licenses Alexander Huish's Lectures upon the Lord's Prayer (1626) [Bodl., MSS Eng. th. f.65-67, pp.1065-66,155 x 89mm] 563 19.1 Part of the 1637 agreement between the University and the Stationers' Company [OUA/SEP/9/1, c.435 x 582 mm (excluding seal)] 568 20.1 Les chef-d'oeuvres dramatiques de Messieurs Corneille (1760), displaying a false Oxford imprint [Bodl., 38688 f.179-81,166 x 95mm] 600 21.1 VetusTestamentum Hebraicum, ed. Benjamin Kennicott (1776-80) [Bodl., OUP Printer's Library, 430 x 262mm] 626

Figure acknowledgements

The Warden and Fellows ofAll Souls College, Oxford 181 (right), 188,251,465

The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford 2,30,50,101,106,158,181 (left and centre), 214, 250,259,278,286,288,295,302,308,312,329,335,340,341,343,366,370,379,380,386,388,

39o, 395.396,403,405,408,410,418,435,437,440,456,461,464,471,475,499,519,521,522, 527,530,532,535,538,539,541,563,600,626

By permission of the Principal and Fellows of Brasenose College, Oxford 534

The Governing Body of Christ Church, Oxford 78,328

Houghton Library, Harvard University (TypTS 605.85.665) 492

Courtesy of ODI Illustrators 199

Oxford University Estates 196

OUP Archive, reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 138,205,206,237,242,344,350,361,398,449,480,487,507,510,523,524,525 LIST OF FIGURES

Private collection, New York 289

By permission ofthe Provost and Fellows ofThe Queen's College, Oxford 359

Reproduced by permission of the President and Fellows of St John's College, Oxford 407,500

Reproduced by permission ofthe President and Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford 228

The Provost and Fellows ofWorcester College, Oxford 200 LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS

List of tables

8.1 Value of stock in the warehouse, 1695-6 to 1706-8 255 8.2 Delegates'books and authors'books, 1690-1780 262 8.3 Sermons and Delegates'books, by decade, 1701-80 266 8.4 London booksellers in university press imprints, 1690-1780 266 8.5 Income from the Schools and Theatre funds, 1759-80 273

List ofgraphs

8.1 Delegates'books set against total annual output, 1690-1780 265 8.2 Five-year running average of Delegates' books per year, 1690-1780 265 8.3 Delegates'books per year excluding 'staples', 1690-1780 265

xxii The History of Oxford University Press

GENERAL EDITOR Simon Eliot

VOLUME II 1780-1896

EDITED BY

Simon Eliot

OXiORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS

List of Colour Plates Xlll

List ofFigures XIV

List ofMaps XXI List ofTables and Graphs XXll

List ofAbbreviations XXlll

List of Contributors XXV

Maps xxvu

Introduction 3 Simon Eliot

PART I The Press

1. The Press and the University 27 Mark Curthoys

2. The Evolution of a Printer and Publisher 77 Simon Eliot

3. Machines, Materials, and Money 115 Simon Eliot

4. The Workforce 175 Robert Banham

5. The Look of the Books 227 Maureen Green

6. The London Connection 277 Mary Hammond

7. Authors and Publishers 321 John Feather

PART II Its Books

8. The Bible Press 357 Amy Flanders with Stephen Colclough CONTENTS

9. Theology, Divinity, and Sermons 4°3 Michael Ledger-Lomas

10. Classics 435 Christopher Stray

11. Educational Publishing 473 Christopher Stray

12. Science, Mathematics, and Medicine 5*3 Jonathan R. Topham

13. History, Law, and Literature 559 Simon Eliot and Christopher Stray

6 o 1 14. Dictionaries and Other Works of Reference Elizabeth Knowles

PART in Its Markets

15. The Press and the Book Trade 633 Simon Eliot

16. Press Books in the United Kingdom 667 Stephen Colclough

17. Press Books Abroad 705 Robert Fraser

Conclusion 733 Simon Eliot

APPENDICES

I. Chronology, 1780-1896 743 II. Delegates of the Press, 1780-1896 749

III. Partners and Shares, 1780-1881 754 IV. Overseers, Superintendents, Warehouse Keepers, Publishers to the University, etc. 756 V. Sums Transferred from the Press to the University, 1780-1896 758 VI. Glossary of University and Technical Terms 761

Archival Overview 771

Index 773

xii LIST OF COLOUR PLATES

[Note: page measurements are of height followed by width.]

1. John Randolph (1749-1813), Delegate of the Press, 1783-1807 [William Owen, 1811] (The Governing Body of Christ Church, Oxford (LP 210)) 2. Edward Copleston (1776-1849), professor of poetry, 1802-12, Proctor 1807-08 [unknown artist] (Allhallows Museum, Honiton) 3. John Griffiths (1806-85), Delegate of the Press, 1857-85 [William Edwards Miller (after George Frederic Watts), c.i88os] (The Warden & Fellows of Wadham College) The 4. Prince Regent, received by the University and City of Oxford, 14 June 1814 [George Jones] (Magdalen College, Oxford / The Bridgeman Art Library) 5. A tallow candle and holder, probably from the eighteenth or early nineteenth century, found in the Press Archives (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) 6. Thomas Combe (1796-1872), Bible partner, 1841-72 [John Everett Millais, 1850] (Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford / The Bridgeman Art Library) 7. A selection of binding colours and styles from the Clarendon Press Series (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) 8. William Aldis Wright (1831-1914), editor, Shakespeare plays, the Clarendon Press Series [Walter William Ouless, 1887] (The Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge) 9. Ingram Bywater (1840-1914), Delegate of the Press, 1879-1914 [John Singer Sargent, 1901] (© Tate, London 2013) 10. A Press cloth binding of the 1840s, Henry Fynes Clinton, Fasti Romani, 1845-50 (© Simon Eliot) 11. Frederick James Furnivall (1825-1910), secretary of the Philological Society, 1853-1910 [Charles Haslewood Shannon, 1901] (© National Portrait Gallery, London) 12. Falconer Madan, The Early Oxford Press '1468-1640,1895 [Bodl., Manning 8° 91, 220 x 142mm] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford) 13. Bernard P. Grenfell, An Alexandrian Erotic Fragment and Other Greek Papyri Chiefly Ptolemaic, 1896 [Bodl., Lower Reading Room, C.Gr.10/1, 224 x 195mm] (The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford) 14. Front cover of the first issue of The Periodical, 1896 [239 x 193mm] (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) 15. Four volumes in 'The Rulers of India' series [average page measurement 190 x 126mm], general editor William Wilson Hunter (OUP Archive. Reprinted b) permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press)

xiii LIST OF FIGURES

[Note page measurements are of height followed by width ]

0 1 The quadrangle of the University Press Building on Walton Street, late nineteenth century 2 11 Facsimile of the sheet printed m the pi esence of the allied sovereigns, 1814 [508 x370mm] 26 12 John Hemy Parker (1806-84), Oxford Warehouse Keeper and agent, 1838-62, m later life 33

13 Edward Cardwell (1787-1861), Delegate of the Press, 1827-61, by William Holl (after George Richmond) 1853 44 14 Bartholomew Price (1818-98), secretary to the Delegates, 1868-84, photograph byC L Dodgson, c 1855 53 15 Benjamin Jowett (1817-93), vice-chancellor, 1882-86 66 1 6 Philip Lyttelton Gell (1852-1926), secretary to the Delegates, 1884-98, by Ernest Townsend 67

17 Frederick York Powell (1850-1904), Delegate of the Press, 1885-1904 70 21 The First few leaves of the Orders for 1811-53 are occupied by certificates that are witness to the Press's growing profitability [OUP Archive, 416 x 268mm] 76

2 2 The exterior of Wolvercote Mill as it was m 1826 91

2 3 Press impiints a) ALschyh. tragoediae superstites et deperditarumfragmenta, 1851 [Oxford, Queen's College, Tunnel BB b 49, 216 x 132mm] b) Catalogus codicum mss qui in bibhotheca Aidis Christi apud Oxomenses, 1867 [Bodl R Ref 772, 285 x 224mm] 97 31 Walton Street Engineers' Workshop, late nineteenth century 114 3 2 The Gieat Western Railway and the telegraph m 1849 [Illustrated London News, January 1849] 118 3 3 Walton Street the Secretaiy's room with telephone late nineteenth century 120 34 A stock work Edward Stillingfleet, Origines sacrce, 1817 [Bodl, 141 1 528,

224 x135mm] 124 3 5 Walton Street wooden common press which by the time of this

photograph, would have been used for pioofing, late nineteenth centui y 126 3 6 Walton Street Stanhope press with a small Albion press behind it, both being used as pioofing presses, late nineteenth century 128 3 7 Walton Street lithographic stone on a lithographic press, late nineteenth

century 133 8 3 Herculanensium Voluminum, pars prima, 1824 [OUP libiaiy, 249 x 152mm] 134 3 9 The Clarendon Building 136 310 The source of gas for lighting View of Oxford from the Meadows near the xiv Gasworks, Memorials of Oxford, 1837 137 LIST OF FIGURES

3.11 Plan of the Walton Street building, signed and dated 3 November 1825 by Daniel Robertson, the architect [OUA, UD11/2/16,596 x 429mm] 144 3.12 Walton Street: gas lighting in a composing room—the burners being as close to the type cases as possible, late nineteenth century 146 3.13 The newly-built Walton Street building surrounded by countryside but with a hint of the Jericho area to the right (Ingram, Memorials, 3.9) 148 3.14 A version of the Dryden & Foord perfecting cylinder press [Encyclopaedia

Britannica, 1911] 150

3.15 Walton Street: a double platen press, late nineteenth century 150 3.16 Keepsake printing for visitors to the Press, seventeenth to twentieth century 152 3.17 The Whole Book ofPsalms, 1841; one of the last products of the Bible Press to name the stereotype process on its title page [BL, 3436^.2.(1.), 170 x 104mm] 153 3.18 Walton Street: type casting machine, late nineteenth century 155 3.19 Walton Street: large press camera, late nineteenth century 156 3.20 Walton Street: a line of Wharfedales in the Machine Room, late nineteenth century 163 3.21 Walton Street: paper stock warehouse, late nineteenth century 165 3.22 Ordnance Survey map of the Walton Street building and its environs, 1878 166 3.23 Balfour Stewart and Robert Baynes, An Elementary Treatise on Heat, sixth edition, 1895 [Bodl., 1943 e. 114,188 x 126mm] 168 4.1 Horace Hart (1840-1916), controller of Oxford University Press, 1885-1913, c.1900 174 4.2 Edward Pickard Hall (1808-86), superintendent of the Bible Press, 1862-81,1877 187

4.3 The Press Band, 1874 188

4.4 St Barnabas church, Jericho, c.1869 200 4.5 Hart's list of cleaning arrangements, 1896-1902 [OUP Archive, 229 x 175mm] 207 4.6 The in-house edition of Rulesfor Compositors and Readers, 1893 [OUP Archive, 138 x 84mm] 208

4.7 The Clarendon Press Institute, c.1900 213 4.8 George Hawkins, Father of the Chapel, 1876-96,0.1890 214 4.9 The Press Fire Brigade, 1877 216

4.10 The Press football team, c.1900 217

5.1 The Caxton Memorial Bible, printed and distributed on 30 June 1877 [OUP Archive, binding 168 x 114mm, page 160 x 110mm] 226 5.2 A Fourdrinier paper-making machine in Wolvercote Mill in the late nineteenth century 230

5.3 Double Pica Folio Bible, 1795 [OUP Archive, opening 482 x 313mm] 232 5.4 i2mo stereotype Prayer Book, 1811 [OUP Archive, 139 x 80mm] 235 5.5 Variety of typefaces and sizes used in BFBS bibles and new testaments 'Reports of the British and Foreign Bible Society; with Extracts of Correspondence', fifth volume for the years 1818 and 1819 [By kind permission of Cambridge University Library, 215 x 130mm] 236 5.6 A rather ungainly one-volume version of the 481110 bible, 1842 [OUP Archive, 90 x 54mm] 238 of 5.7 A display item from the Paris Exposition of 1900: a volume the New English Dictionary suspended from one strip of India paper [Vol. 1 of NED, 90 x 345 x 267mm] 240 5.8 John Randolph, The Clergyman's Instructor, 1807 [Bodl., Clar. Press 1. a.105,

215 x129mm] 255 Xv LIST OF FIGURES

A and Prices, 1866 5.9 James E. Thorold Rogers, History ofAgriculture [Bodl., 2^9 Clar. Press 31 a.152,225 x 140mm] and Practical Volume 1, 5.10 G. F. Chambers, A Handbook ofDescriptive Astronomy, 261 1867 [Bodl., Clar. Press 21 a.27, 228 x 144mm] of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, from the 5.11 Page 37 from the first printing edition issued by D. Appleton & Company, New York, 1865 [Bodl., Don. 2^5 e.30,192 x129mm] Clar. Press 62 x 268 5.12 Robinson Ellis, Catulli Veronensis Liber, 1867 [Bodl, a.i, 224 143mm] 1868 Clar. 5.13 Frederick Arthur Gore Ouseley, A Treatise on Harmony, [Bodl.,

Press 16 a.5,219 x 190mm] 270 Richard the Third, 1880 5.14 William Aldis Wright (ed.), The Tragedy ofKing [Bodl., Clar. Press 41 c.27,168 x 112 x 14mm] 27i

6.1 The showroom at the Clarendon Press Warehouse, Amen Corner E.C., c.1894 276 6.2 Alexander Macmillan (1818-96), 'publisher to the University', 1863-80, photograph by O. G. Rejlander between i860 and 1870 2.83 6.3 Henry Frowde (1841-1927), 'publisher to the University', 1880-1913, c.1890 297 6.4 Paternoster Row in a fire insurance plan (Goad plans) dated 1886 (7 Paternoster Row is directly above the 'w' in 'Row') 299 6.5 Clarendon Press Warehouse, Amen Comer, E.C., c.1894 301 before 6.6 Frowde to Hobbs, 11 May 1881, urging staff to greater efforts just the publication of the New Testament in the Revised Version [OUP Archive, 262 x 218mm; 260 x 218mm] 311 to 7.1 Finance Committee minutes for 15 November 1882 detailing payments authors [OUP Archive, FC1867-85,318 x 210mm] 320 7.2 August Immanuel Bekker (1785-1871) 330

7.3 Balfour Stewart (1828-87) 342 8.1 'A Catalogue of Bibles Common Prayer Books, &c.', issued by the Bible partnership, 1 January 1811 [OUP Archive, 422 x 266mm] 356 8.2 Benjamin Blayney's folio edition of the Authorized Version, 1769, with later manuscript additions [OUP Archive, 386 x 248mm] 364 8.3 A Vulgate New Testament printed for the use of exiled French clergy, 1796 [Bodl., N.T. Lat. 1796 f.2,159 x 96mm] 366 8.4 Robert Holmes (ed.), Vetus Testamentum graecum cum variis lectionibus, Volume 1,1798 [Bodl., O.T. Gr. 1798 b.i, 438 x 263mm] 369 8.5 The first stereotyped edition from the Press: a brevier Book of Common Prayer available for sale by 21 October 1806 [OUP Archive, 192 x 108mm] 383 8.6 Great Primer Demy Folio Bible, 1863, compared with Diamond 32mo Bible on India paper, c.1892 [OUP Archive, 310 x 237mm, 120 x 75mm] 387 8.7 Great Primer Royal Quarto Common Prayer, c.1900, compared with Diamond 96mo Common Prayer on India paper, c.1890 [OUP Archive,

235 x160mm; 89 x26mm] 394

8.8 Title page of the Revised Version of the New Testament, 1881 [OUP Archive, 246 x 146mm] 396 8.9 Oxford Biblefor Teachers, c.1878 [OUP Archive, 175 x 115mm] 596 8.10 Title page of Helps to the Study ofthe Bible, c.1878 [OUP Archive, 175 x 115mm] 597 8.11 A page from Helps to the Study of the Bible, c.1878 [OUP Archive, 175 x 115mm] 397 9.1 From A Catalogue ofthe Works of English Divines, of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, xvj and Eighteenth Centuries printed at the University Press Oxford by Messrs LIST OF FIGURES

Paiker, Oxford and London, 1858 [The Rare Book & Manuscript Library the of of University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign] 402

9 2 John Hem y Newman (1801-90) by William Charles Ross, 1845 405 d 93 Edwai Bouverie Pusey (1800-82) by George Richmond 405

94 Joseph Addison, Evidences of the Christian Religion, 1801 [164 x 108mm] 412 9 5 The fi ontispiece portrait of Cranmer fi om Volume I of The Remains ofThomas Cranmer, edited by Hem y Jenkyns, 1833 [Bodl, Clar Press 1 d 12,214 x 130mm] 420 9 6 Title page ofJephet lbn All the Karaite, A Commentary on the Book ofDaniel, edited by D S Maigoliouth, 1889 [Bodl, Or d 72/3, 219 x 197mm] 427 97 Facsimiles of Japanese sacied writings from ancient palm leaves containing The Pragna-pdramita-Hndaya-Sutra and the Ushnisha-vigaya-dharani, edited by F Max Mullei and Bunyiu Nanjio, 1884 [Bodl, (IND) 46 D 48a, 218 x 392mm, 218 x 388mm] 428 98 Fnedrich Max Muller (1823-1900), Delegate of the Press, 1870-96, photograph byC L Dodgson, 1857 429 9 9 James Legge, The Sacred Books of China, the Texts of Confucianism, m 'Sacred Books of the East', edited by F Max Muller, 1879 [Oxford, All Souls, Theol A13/1 (v 3), 222 x 142mm] 430 10 1 Thomas Gaisford (1779-1855), Delegate of the Press, 1807-55, portrait by Henry William Pickersgill, c 1847 434 10 2 The Grenville Homer, Volume 1,1801 [Bodl, Monro e 33,188 x 150mm] 441 io 3 Chnstophei Wordsworth, Graecae grammaticae rudimenta, 1844 [Bodl, Clar Press 66 c 1,181 x 107mm] 450 io 4 Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek-English Lexicon, 1843 [Bodl, (OC) 304 s 17, 229 x167mm] 451 10 5 Henry George Liddell (1811-98), Delegate of the Press, 1861-92, vice-chancelloi, 1870-74, photogiaph by Julia Maigaret Cameron, c 1870 452 io 6 Robert Scott (1811-87), Delegate of the Press, 1855-70, photograph by Samuel Alexander Walkei, 1874 453 io 7 Benjamin Jowett's edition of Plato's Dialogues, 1871 [Bodl, Clar Press 52 a 11, 215 x 134mm] 463 io 8 Ingram Bywater's edition of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, 1890 [Bodl, 2903 e 55, 213 x 140mm] 463 li l Schiller, Wilhelm Tell, edited by C A Buchheim, Clarendon Press Series, 1871 [Bodl, 3874 f 56,167 x 112mm] 472 11 2 Geoige William Kitchin (1827-1912), secretary to the Delegates, 1866-68, photogiaph by C L Dodgson, 1859 474 ii 3a Hooker, Of the Laws ofEcclesiastical Polity, edited by R W Church, Clarendon Pi ess Senes, 1868 [Bodl, 121 f 15,164 x 112mm] 486 11 3b Thomas Fowlei, The Elements ofDeductive Logic, Clarendon Pi ess Series 1867 [Bodl, (OC) 264 g 39a, 165 x116mm] 486 11 4a Moliere, Les Femmes Savantes, edited by Gustave Masson, Claiendon Press Series 1886 [Bodl 38688 f 32,168 x 111mm] 490 11 4b Cervantes, The Adventure ofthe Wooden Horse and Sancho Panza in Baratana edited by Clovis Bevenot, Clarendon Press Senes 1897 [Bodl Fic 27623 f 4,170 x 115mm] 490 Clarendon 11 5 Gudbrand Vigfusson and F York Powell An Icelandic Prose Reader,

Press Series, 1879 [Bodl, 27858 f 4,170 x 114mm] 491 xvn LIST OF FIGURES

n.6a James Martineau, Types ofEthical Theory, second edition, Clarendon Press Series, 1886 [Bodl., 265 e.65,192 x 128mm] 11.6b Selectionsfrom Berkeley, fourth edition, Clarendon Press Series, 1891 [Bodl., 26782 e.16,192 x 128mm] 11.7 Clarendon Press Series: pages containing general statements of CPS policy, from its catalogue bound in with Chaucer, The Prioresses Tale, etc., edited by Walter Skeat, 1877 [Catalogues dated Jan. 1879, both pages 167 x 111mm] 11.8 R. St. John Tyrwhitt, A Handbook ofPictorial Art, Clarendon Press Series, 1868 [Bodl., Clar. Press 16 a.3, 218 x 138mm] 12.1 James Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Clarendon Press Series, 1873 [Bodl., Clar. Press 21 a.25, 221 x 143mm] 12.2 Contents page from the first issue of the Annals ofBotany, August 1887 [Oxford, Union Society Library, Case 7, 234 x 154mm] 12.3 Title page and frontispiece from Joseph Torelli, Archimedis quce supersunt omnia cum Eutocii Ascalonitae commentariis, 1792 [Bodl., 1875 b.i, 469 x293mm] 12.4 Abram Robertson, Elements of Conic Sections Deducedfrom the Cone, 1818 [Bodl. Savile J 3, 221 x 138mm] 12.5 Plate VIII depicting several species offucus, from John Stackhouse, Nereis Britannica, 1816, [Bodl, 19117 d.7,398 x 290mm] 12.6 Title page of P. B. Duncan, Catalogue ofthe Ashmolean Museum, 1836 [Bodl., Manning 40 63,259 x 157mm] 12.7 Title page of the first volume of Transactions ofthe Ashmolean Society (which included Baden Powell's 'On the Achromatism of the Eye'), 1838 [Bodl., Soc. 1996 e.477,210 x 126mm] 12.8 A wood engraving from Alexander Williamson, Chemistryfor Students, Clarendon Press Series, 1865 [Bodl., 1933 f.22,175 x 119mm] 12.9 An opening from Volume I of the Index Kewensis, 1893 [Bodl., RSL, QK11 IND, 319 x 264mm] 13.1 The first edition of William Stubbs, Select Charters, Clarendon Press Series, 1870 [Oxford, Balliol College, 1080 c. 072,180 x 121mm] 13.2 Bishop William Stubbs (1825-1901), Delegate of the Press, 1868-84, 1891-1901; regius professor of modern history, 1866-84, by Sir Hubert von Herkomer, 1885 13.3 Edward A. Freeman (1823-92), regius professor of modern history, 1884-92 13.4 Edward A. Freeman, The History ofthe Norman Conquest ofEngland, 1867 [Bodl. Clar. Press 31 a.90, 225 x 141mm] 13.5 Leopold von Ranke, A History of England Principally in the Seventeenth Century, 1875 [Bodl., Clar. Press 31 a.105, 225 x 141mm] 13.6 T. E. Holland (1835-1926), Chichele professor of international law and diplomacy, 1874-1910, seated far right in a photograph, c.1860 13.7 Sir William Anson (1843-1914), warden of All Souls College, 1881-1914, by Sir Hubert von Herkomer, 1895 13.8 Sir William Markby (1829-1914), Delegate of the Press, 1881-1907 13.9 T. E. Holland (ed.), The Institutes ofJustinian, 1873 [Bodl., Clar. Press 26 b.2, 168 x109mm] 13.10 William Anson, Principles of the English Law of Contract, Clarendon Press Series, 1879 [Bodl., LAW Cw UK 530 A622ai, 176 x 118mm] LIST OF FIGURES

13.11 Richard Morris (ed.), Chaucer the Prologue, the Knightes Tale, the Nonne Prestes Tale, Clarendon Press Series, 1867 [Bodl, 27976 f.13,166 x 112mm] 585

13.12 Walter William Skeat (1835-1912) 586

13.13 Henry Sweet, An Anglo-Saxon Reader in Prose and Verse, Clarendon Press Series, 1876 [Oxford, Balliol College, 2005 a 026,168 x 115mm] 588

13.14 Walter Skeat (ed.), The Vision ofWilliam Concerning Piers the Plowman ... Together with Richard the Redeless, Volume 1,1886 [Bodl., 27976 e.29, 211x136mm] 590

13.15 George Birkbeck Hill (ed.), Boswell's Life ofJohnson: including Boswell's Journal ofa Tour to the Hebrides and Johnson's Diary ofa Journey into North Wales, 6 vols., 1887 [Bodl., 2695 d.2-7, page sizes approximately 234 x 146mm] 597 14.1 James Murray (1837-1915), editor, New English Dictionary, 1879-1915, working in the Scriptorium located in the garden of his house in Oxford, c.1890 600 14.2 A New English Dictionary, first fascicle A-ANT, 1884 [OUP Archive, OED Archive, 340 x 270mm] 603 14.3 Henry Tattam, Aigyptiaco-Latinum ex veteribus linguae /Egypticae monumentis, 1835 [Bodl., 306 s.23, 223 x 135mm] 607

14.4 New English Dictionary, slips referring to the word 'What' 617 14.5 The Philological Society's appeal to 'the English-speaking and English-reading public', 1879 [OUP Archive, OED Archive, 217 x 145mm] 619 14.6 A corrected proof from a section of the New English Dictionary from 1885 marked up by Murray [OUP Archive, OED Archive, 320 x 237mm] 620 14.7 Henry Bradley, editor, New English Dictionary, 1887-1923, working on the dictionary, c.1900 621 14.8 Joseph Wright (1855-1930), c.1900 624 15.1 Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press Warehouse advertisement, Publishers' Circular, 16 Aug. 1880 [Bodl., Per. 2585 d.14, v. 43, 242 x 152mm] 632 15.2 CUP advertisement, Publishers' Circular, 16 Aug. 1880 [Bodl., Per. 2585 d.14,

v. 43, 242 x 152mm] 644

15.3 Macmillan advertisement, Publishers' Circular, 16 Aug. 1880 [Bodl., Per. 2585

d.14, v. 43, 242 x 152mm] 645

15.4 Henry Frowde, Clarendon Press Warehouse advertisement, Publishers' Circular, 15 Aug. 1890 [Bodl., Per. 2585 d.14, v. 53, 242 x 152mm] 646 15.5 The Collection ofAncient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum, Part III, edited by E. L. Hicks, 1890 [Bodl., 2351 b.3,423 x 286mm] 653 15.6 The Yattendon Hymnal, 1899 [BL, K.10.C.2,385 x 276mm] 662 16.1 Front cover of the first issue of The Periodical, 1896 [OUP Archive, 666 239 x 193mm] (see also Plate 14) 16.2 Clarendon Press advertisement, St James Chronicle, 5 Dec. 1780 676 16.3 University Press, Oxford advertisement for Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, Jackson's Oxford Journal, 27 Jan. 1844 684 16.4 Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press Warehouse advertisement, Publishers' Circular, 1 July 1880 [Bodl, Per. 2585 d.14, v. 53,242 x 152mm] 693 York and Fifth 17.1 The building that housed the Press's New branch, 91 93 Avenue, c.1896 704

17.2 Oxford bible 1853, used at the Lincoln and Obama presidential inaugurations 7"

17.3 Frederick Macmillan (1851-1936) 7*9 xix LIST OF FIGURES

Figure acknowledgements

The Warden and Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford 430, 575 Balliol College, Oxford 66

The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford 97,124,144,150 (top), 168, 255, 259, 261, 265, 268,270,271, 283 (Clar. Press 41 c. 27), 366,369,420,428,441,450,451,463,472,486,490,

49i. 493> 50i, 512, 517, 520, 525, 528, 530, 532, 535, 554, 558, 560, 567, 570, 578, 580, 585, 588,

590, 597, 607, 632, 644, 645, 646, 653, 693

Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library 236

By permission of The Governing Body of Christ Church, Oxford 330,427

By kind permission of the Warden and Fellows of Keble College, Oxford 405 (left)

Michaela McNichol, Library of Congress 711

Courtesy of Archives of Macmillan Publishers 719

OUP Archive, reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 2,26,53,70,76, 91,114,120,126,128,133,134,136,137,146,148,150 (bottom), 152,155,156,163,165,166,174,187,188, 200,207,208,213, 214,216, 217, 226, 230,

232, 235, 238,240,276, 297,301,311,320,356,364,387,394,396,397,412,434,498, 600, 603, 617, 619,620, 621, 666,704

The Popular Science Monthly, 1877 342

Courtesy of The Rare Book & Manuscript Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 402

xx LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS

List of tables

of the Press 170 3.1 Sales and profits of the main sections 1875-1895 223 4.1 1880s presswork charges 8.1 Bible Press sales 1801,1811,1831,1841,1851 379 8.2 Dividend payments 1856-65 392

10.1 Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon, first eight editions 454

12.1 Clarendon Press Series-. Planned 'physical science' titles, April 1867 540

15.1 ALT—Dewey classes: percentages in sample years 1781-1896 634

15.2 NSTC London, Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Dublin Imprints (LOCED)—Dewey classes percentages 1801-1900 636 the NSTC 15.3 Output of titles per publisher per decade from 637 15.4 Selected imprints in the Publishers'Circular 1856-96 638 their 15.5 Prices at which publishers issued at least 5 per cent of overall annual title output as listed in the Publishers' Circular 1866, 1876,1886,1896 643 15.6 Oxford imprints from the NSTC: the percentage share of Dewey classes of publications (including the Press) 1810-1900 655

List of graphs

8.1 Oxford bibles, prayer books, etc.: numbers sold 1831-46 386 8.2 Oxford bibles, prayer books, etc.: numbers sold 1846,1851,1856,1861, 1866,1871 391

11.1 Clarendon Press Series, 1865-1900 499

15.1 Press ('Core') titles and titles from other Oxford printers ('Context') and publishers 1781-1896 listed in the Annual List of Titles 656

jdi The History of Oxford University Press

GENERAL EDITOR Simon Eliot

VOLUME III 1896-1970

EDITED BY Wm. Roger Louis

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS

List ofColour Plates xiv

List ofFigures xv List ofMaps xxi List ofTables and Graphs xxii List ofAbbreviations xxiii List ofContributors xxiv Maps xxvii

Introduction 1 Wm. Roger Louis

1. Reassessing the History of Oxford University Press, 1896-1970 13 Wm. Roger Louis

PART I The Press in Oxford and London, and Relations with the University

2. Oxford University Press, 1896-1945 59 William Whyte

3. Oxford University Press, 1945-1970 97 C. S. Nicholls

4. The Press in London, 1896-1970 137 Amy Flanders

5. The Business of the Press 191 Daniel Raff

PA RT 11 Printing, Paper, Machines, and Buildings

6. The Printer and the Printing House 219 Martin Maw

7. Wolvercote Mill 259 Martin Maw

xi CONTENTS

8. Printing Technology, Binding, Readers, and Social Life 277 Martin Maw

9. Architecture, Building Designs, and Jericho 309 William Whyte

PART III Publications

10. Scholarly and Reference Publishing 325 Alan Bell

11. Eleven Case Studies in the OUP Publication Process 391 Elizabeth Knowles

12. Classics 423 Christopher Stray

13. Educational Books 443 Robert Fraser

14. Children's Books 471 Ron Heapy

15. The Cartographic Department 485 Terry Hardaker

16. Music Publishing 507 Simon Wright

17. The Press and the British Book Trade 533 Simon Eliot

18. The Editors 559 Jon Stallworthy

PART IV Worldwide Expansion and Influence

19. New York 583 Daniel Raff

20. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand 619 Thorin Tritter

21. India 649 Rimi B. Chatterjee and Padmini Ray Murray

22. Pakistan 673 Ali Raza

23. East Asia 693 Atalanta Myerson xii CONTENTS

24. Africa 721 Dawn D'Arcy Nell

PART v End of an Era

25. The Waldock Inquiry, 1967-1970 757 Wm. Roger Louis

26. Scholarly Publishing in the 1960s 791 Philip Waller

27. Looking Further 807 David McKitterick

APPENDICES

I. Chronology, 1896-1970 815 II. Delegates ofthe Press, 1896-1970 821 III. Secretaries to the Delegates, Printers to the University, and Publishers to the University of Oxford, 1896-1970 823

Archival Overview 825 Index 827

xiii LIST OF COLOUR PLATES

of the to 1. Two Herbert Strang titles (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission Secretary the Delegates of Oxford University Press) Archive. 2. Books by Dorita Fairlie Bruce and W. E. Johns (OUP Reprinted by permission ofthe Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) of the to 3. ABC, by Brian Wildsmith (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission Secretary the Delegates of Oxford University Press) Archive. 4. Charley, Charlotte, and the Golden Canary, by Charles Keeping (OUP Reprinted by permission ofthe Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) 5. (a) The new topographical style of the Oxford Atlas (b) Layer colours and grey hillshading in the Oxford School Atlas (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press)

6. (a) Rainfall map in the Atlas ofBritain showing observation stations (b) Geology map in the Atlas ofBritain, printed using eleven plates (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission ofthe Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press)

7. (a) Topographic map in the Atlas ofBritain combining relief shading with layer colouring (b) Oxford Bible Atlas (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) 8. (a) Oxford Economic Atlas ofthe World showing telephone use (b) Detail from a human environment map in the Oxford World Atlas (OUP Archive. Reprinted by permission ofthe Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press) 9. In the Jolly Days ofthe Clarendon Press [Alfred Daniels, 1959] (courtesy of Alfred Daniels)

xiv LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Charles Cannan, Secretary, 1898-1919 12

1.2 The Secretary's office, mid-189os 16

1.3 Walton Street, 1960s 20 The R. W. 1.4 young Chapman 21 The Milford 1-5 young Humphrey 24 1.6 The Dan Davin young 27 Horace Printer to 1-7 Hart, the University, 1883-1915 29 1.8 Hart's Rules (1895) 33 Peter 1-9 Sutcliffe, editor 55 2.1 R. W. Chapman, Secretary, 1920-42 58

2.2 T. B. Strong, Bishop of Oxford and Delegate, 1904-37 61 2-3 Charles Cannan, 1914 63 OUP 2.4 quadrangle, c.1900 74

2.5 OUP quadrangle, 1920 74

2.6 OUP War Memorial, 1914-18 75

2-7 Hugh Last, Delegate, 1932-37 93

2.8 Oxford Pamphlets on World Affairs 94 3.1 Dan Davin in mid-career at OUP 96

3.2 The Periodical, February 1901 102

3-3 David Ross, Delegate, 1922-52 105 3.4 Kenneth Sisam, Secretary, 1942-46 106

3.5 A. L. P. Norrington, Secretary, 1949-54 107

3-6 J. R. Hicks, Perpetual Delegate, 1952-71 130 3-7 C. H. Roberts, A. L. P. Norrington, and Charles Batey, c.1954 131 3-8 C. N. Hinshelwood, Delegate, 1934-67 131 4.1 Humphrey Milford, Publisher, 1913-45 136

4.2 Henry Frowde, Publisher, 1883-1913 139

4-3 Selection of the World's Classics 143

4.4 A. L. P. Norrington and John Brown (standing) at Amen House 151 4-5 Returning to work after the General Strike, 1926 152 4-6 Delivery 'tricycle', OUP London 153 4-7 Neasden delivery trucks 154 4-8 OUP delivery van, London 154 4-9 Shipping department, Neasden Warehouse 155 4.10 The Lantern, September 1952 157 4.11 Geoffrey Cumberlege, Publisher, 1945-56; painting by Peter Greenham 162 4.12 John Brown, Publisher, 1956-80 170 LIST OF FIGURES

4.13 'Farewell to Amen House', an OUP Dramatic Society presentation 180 4.14 Ely House 181 4.15 John Brown in Ethiopia 184

5.1 Time clock at OUP Oxford 190

5.2 Clarendon accountants 199

5.3 Punch-card system, accounts keyboard 207

5.4 Loading stock onto an OUP delivery van 213 6.1 At work in the type foundry 218

6.2 Typesetting mathematical copy 223

6.3 Matrices, including Greek 224

6.4 Typesetting Arabic 224

6.5 The type store 225 6.6 The Printing House, Walton Street 226

6.7 John Johnson, Printer, 1925-46 232

6.8-9 Monotype casters 235 6.10 Humphrey Milford, R. W. Chapman, and John Johnson receiving honorary

degrees, 1928 237 6.11 Charles Batey, Printer, 1946-58 245 6.12 Vivian Ridler, Printer, 1958-78 246 at OUP 6.13 Lithographic printing 247 Neasden Warehouse 6.14 251 Inside the Neasden Warehouse 6.15 251 7.1 Wolvercote Mill 25g

7.2 Wolvercote Mill 260 The Mill 7-3 from above 260 7.4 Wolvercote Mill Rag sorting, 263 7.5 Wolvercote Mill Rag cutting, 263 7.6 Wolvercote Mill Rag boiling, 264 7-7 Wolvercote Mill Rag breaking, 2g4 7-8 Beater Wolvercote Mill Room, 2g5 7-9 Machine Wolvercote Mill Room, 2g5 7.10 for the Paper designated New English Bible 266

7.11 Inspecting paper at Wolvercote 256 7-12 at Wolvercote Loading paper 2g7 8.1 Cubicle for a Learned Reader 27g 8.2 A machine typecasting 279 8.3 Printing with stereotyped plates 279 8.4 room Composition 2gl 8.5 room Monotype 2g3 8.6 Maurice Bowra shown the at Neasden being computer 29o 8.7 Binding, 1920s 293 8.8 Bindery, 1930 ^ 8.9 Work in the Bindery 29^ 8.10 Checking proofs 2 8.11 Reading proofs of the Coronation Bible 295 8.12 and loose sheets Folding gathering 2o6 LIST OF FIGURES

the 8.13 Wrapping Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 298 The 8.14 Wrapping Oxford Book of Carols 298 8.15 OUP women's field team hockey 300 8.16 class Bindery girls'physical-culture 300 OUP 8.17 eight, 1920s 301 8.18 OUP rowers 301 Flier for the Clarendon Minstrels 8.19 302 8.20 The Clarendon Minstrels in black face 303 8.21 Fire drill Brigade 304 8.22 OUP Fire with its first Brigade petrol-driven engines, 1925 304 Gardeners' Festival 8.23 Challenge 305 9.1 Walton Street facade 308 Aerial views of the and 9.2 Press, 1929 1954 311 Amen Toronto 9.3 House, 3H Street 9.4 High bookshop 312

9.5 Jericho 312 Walton Street 9.6 quadrangle 313 Walton Street 9.7 renovation 317 New 9.8 Building, Cape Town 319

9.9 Walton House, Wellington 320

10.1 OUP reference works 324 10.2 James Murray 326

10.3 James Murray and OED assistants 327

10.4 C. T. Onions 330

10.5 H. W. Fowler 334

10.6 Arthur Quiller-Couch 344

10.7 E. K. Chambers 349

10.8 The Oxford History of England 372 10.9 H. L. A. Hart, Delegate, 1960-74; painting by Derek Hill, 1978 378 10.10 Nevil Sidgwick, chemist and Delegate, 1921-48 381 11.1 The Witch-Cult in Western Europe 390 11.2 A collection of Clarendon Press monographs 396 11.3 The Function ofLaw in the International Community 403 11.4 The Allegory ofLove 406

11.5 Value and Capital 409

11.6 Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters 410

11.7 Geoffrey Cumberlege and Arnold Toynbee reading from A Study ofHistory 414 11.8 Peter and Iona Opie 416

12.1 Dominus illuminatio mea, one of four mottoes of the University of Oxford 422 12.2 Variations on the University's crest and arms 425

12.3 Oxford Classical Texts 427

12.4 Ronald Syme, Delegate, 1961-74 431

13.1 Eric Parnwell 442

13.2 OUP French primer 457 13.3 A Dance of the Forests 461 13.4 English Language Teaching books for Spanish and Arabic speakers 463 LIST OF FIGURES

13.5 Nigerian publications 463 13.6 The Oxford Picture Dictionary m six languages 464 13.7 A S. Hornby 466 13.8 The Advanced Learner's Dictionary ofCurrent English 467 14.1 Mabel George 470 14.2 W. E. Johns 475 15.1 The Machine Proofing unit housed at 37a St Giles 484 15.2 The Oxford projection 489

15.3 David Bickmore and Alison Shaw 491

15.4 First mapping of the cliff heights around the British shore 492 15.5 Plastic relief map of northern England 493 15.6 The Regional Economic Atlas ofAfrica (1965), showing areas within ten miles

of mam roads 495

15.7 Photographing a plaster model with the gallery camera, 1960s 496 15.8 Using peelcoat, 1970s 498 16.1 Brochure for the Music Department c.1936 506 16.2 'For these and all thy mercies given', set m the style of the Yattendon Hymnal 508

16.3 Hubert Foss 512

16.4 William Walton 520

16.5 Percy Scholes 524

17.1 General Catalogue, 1916 532 18.1 Humphrey Milford 558

18 2 Dan Davin, Assistant Secretary, later Academic Publisher 5 63 18.3 Amen House, Overseas Education Department, 1959 565 18.4 Charles Williams, editor 566

18.5 Catharine Carver, editor 574 19.1 Cyrus Ingersoll Scofield, bible teacher and creator of the Scofield Reference Bible, c. 1920 582 19.2 John Armstrong, manager of the New York branch, 1896-1915 584 19.3 OUP New York, West Thirty-second Street 585 C. C. 19.4 Johnson (Canada), F. Eyre (Australia), and H. Z. Walck (New York) 599 19.5 H. Z. Walck (New York), G. F. Cumberlege (London), and A. L P. Norrington

at a dinner (Oxford) celebrating the New York branch's fiftieth anniversary, 27 September 1946 602 19.6 OUP Library, Madison Avenue 604 19.7 Oxford paperbacks 606 19.8 OUP warehouse, Fair Lawn, New Jersey, 1956 607 19.9 Conveyor belt, OUP warehouse, Fair Lawn, New Jersey 608 20.1 OUP Canada building 6x8

20.2 Frank Eyre and his assistant, Pixie Brmsmead 636 20.3 Melbourne tram advertising OUP dictionaries 638 OUP 20.4 Melbourne office 639 20 Melbourne 5 showroom 640 20.6 OUP Canada staff

20 7 Poetry reading at OUP Canada 644 20.8 OUP books being sent on Air Canada 645 LIST OF FIGURES

20.9 OUP New Zealand showroom 646 20.10 OUP delivery bicycle, Wellington 646 21.1 Oxford bullock cart, Bombay 648 21.2 Oxford House, Bombay, with the old Taj Mahal Hotel in the background 656 21.3 Indian branch staff, 1920 656 21.4 OUP Calcutta staff: R. L. Sen, P. J. Chester, R. E. Hawkins, J. F. Elkin, A. Toyne 658 21.5 R. E. Hawkins with OUP Calcutta staff 659 21.6 Jim Corbett with the 'man-eating leopard of Rudraprayag' 659 21.7 Bombay godown (warehouse) 664 21.8 OUP India crest 670 22.1 Pakistan book showroom 672 22.2 OUP Paldstan office, National and Grindlays Bank building, Karachi, 1964-75 676 22.3 OUP Pakistan godown (warehouse), 1964-75 677

22.4 OUP Pakistan staff holding the trousers, shirt, and shoes of a thief as security for a stolen book 683 22.5 Arrival of stock after the rains, Pakistan 684 22.6 Unloading of books at the Pakistan warehouse 685 23.1 Raymond Brammah 692 23.2 A. S. Hornby in Tokyo 698

23.3 OUP Singapore 701

23.4 Raymond Brammah in Kuala Lumpur 702

23.5 OUP East Asia office 704 23.6 OUP Hong Kong showroom 706

23.7 East Asian branch accountant 707

23.8 Tatsuo Kawawaki, head of the Tokyo branch, 1970 708 23.9 OUP delivery van in Tokyo 709 23.10 Buaya Mati Dua Kali, 1963 711 23.11 OUP training Indonesian publishers 718 24.1 English Language Teaching in Africa 720 24.2 OUP Cape Town, Markham's Building, early 1900s 727

24.3 OUP Ghana office, Accra 734

24.4 John Brown and the OUP Ghana staff, Accra 734 24.5 John Brown, Chief Solaru, and the staff of OUP in Nigeria, 1959 738 24.6 OUP Cape Town office, ninth and tenth floors, after 1945; Table Mountain is in the background 741 24.7 Oxford House, Nigeria 743 24.8 Local production via Linotype, Ibadan, Nigeria 744 24.9 Charles Lewis (East African branch manager) and Julius Nyerere 747 24.10 Nigerian books, 1966 750 25.1 Waldock Report 756 25.2 Humphrey Waldock 760

25.3 Rex Richards, Waldock Committee member and later Vice-Chancellor;

detail of a painting by Bryan Organ 761 25.4 Shop advertising OUP English Language Teaching books 780 25.5 J. H. C. Thompson, Delegate, 1953-75 785 25.6 Helen Gardner, Delegate, 1959—75 787 LIST OF FIGURES

26.1 A. J. P. Taylor 79 o 26.2 Hugh Seton-Watson, A. J. P. Taylor, Asa Briggs, and John Brown 800 William 806 27.1 C. H. Roberts, Secretary, 1954-74; pastel drawing by Narraway, 1979

Figure acknowledgements

Courtesy of Dallas Theological Seminary Special Collections 582

Mary Evans Picture Library 130

Hoggart Papers, University of Sheffield Library 574

The Journal ofRoman Studies, 1957 (Vol. 47:1). Courtesy of Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (Per. 24715 d.65.) 93

Courtesy of Roger Louis 702

Courtesy of Oxford Fajar, Malaysia 711

OUP Archive, reprinted by permission of the Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 12,16,21,24,27,29,33,54,58,63,74,75,94,96,102,106,107,131 (top), 136,139,143,151,152, 153,154,155,157,170,180,181,184,190,199,207,213,218,223,224,225,226,232,235,237,245,246, 247,251,258,260,263,264,265,266,267,276,279,281,283,290,293,294,295,296,299,300, 301,302,303,304,305,308,311,312,313,317,319,320,324,326,327,330,334,372,390,396,403, 406,409,410,414,425,427,442,457,461,463,464,466,467,470,484,489,491,492,493,495, 496,498,506,508,524,532,558,563,566, 584,585,599,602, 604,606, 607, 608,618, 636, 638, 639,640,641,644,645,646,648,656,658,659,664, 670, 672, 676, 677,683,684, 685,692,698, 701,706,707,708,709,718,727, 734,738, 741,743,744,747,750,756,787, 800

©BrianSeed 20

The President and Fellows of St. John's College, Oxford 806

Courtesy of Diana Sparkes 512

Courtesy ofJon Stallworthy 760

©TopFoto 565

1. Oxford in the twentieth century 2. London in the twentieth century OUP 3- branches around the world LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS

List of tables

5-1 OUP General Catalogue titles by category, 1916 and 1970 (%) 197 15.1 Atlases co-published or published by OUP, 1881-1949 486 15.2 Cartographic Department atlas publications (excluding those produced for other publishers) 501 17.1 OUP's title output as shown in seasonal catalogues, 1957-1968 536 17.2 OUP titles by publishing division, 1913-1964: number and percentage

share 537 19.1 New York branch sales, stocks, and profits, 1897-1917 (£) 586 19.2 New York branch remittances to Oxford, 1905-1917 (£) 589 19.3 Net profits to working capital for OUPNY and competitive publishers,

1954-1959 610

19.4 Return on stockholder equity, 1959 (%) 610 19.5 New York net sales, profits, real profits, and dividends, 1960-1970 ($) 612 19.6 Titles published by the New York branch, by place of origin, 1960-1970 (#) 613 19.7 Authors' advances, 1960-1970 615 19.8 New York branch net sales by channel of distribution, 1968-1970 (%) 616

23.1 OUP sales in Japan, 1959-1963 709 25.1 Pretax profit percentages of Oxford University Press and commercial publishers, 1965-8 782

List of graphs

5.1 Revenue of overseas branches (excepting New York) as a percentage

of London Business revenues, 1951-1970 200 5.2 Delegates' printing business profit development and OED relative expenditure to DPB profit, 1868-1933 203 Real overall 5-3 sales, 1896-1970 209

Net as a of 5-4 profits percentage sales, 1896-1970 209

OUP return on 5-5 capital, 1896-1970 209 5.6 Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by operating unit, 1951-1970 211 South 24.1 African branch sales by agency, London and Clarendon Press, and branch titles, 1959-1970 (£) 743