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Locating the Wallachian Revolution of *
The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – © The Author(s), . Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/./), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:./SX LOCATING THE WALLACHIAN REVOLUTION OF * JAMES MORRIS Emmanuel College, Cambridge ABSTRACT. This article offers a new interpretation of the Wallachian revolution of . It places the revolution in its imperial and European contexts and suggests that the course of the revolution cannot be understood without reference to these spheres. The predominantly agrarian principality faced different but commensurate problems to other European states that experienced revolution in . Revolutionary leaders attempted to create a popular political culture in which all citizens, both urban and rural, could participate. This revolutionary community formed the basis of the gov- ernment’s attempts to enter into relations with its Ottoman suzerain and its Russian protector. Far from attempting to subvert the geopolitical order, this article argues that the Wallachians positioned themselves as loyal subjects of the sultan and saw their revolution as a meeting point between the Ottoman Empire and European civilization. The revolution was not a staging post on the road to Romanian unification, but a brief moment when it seemed possible to realize internal regeneration on a European model within an Ottoman imperial framework. But the Europe of was too unstable for the revolutionaries to succeed. The passing of this moment would lead some to lose faith in both the Ottoman Empire and Europe. -
The Spread of Economic Ideas Among Romanian People. Case Study: Dionisie Pop Marţian*
Theoretical and Applied Economics Volume XVII (2010), No. 12(553), pp. 77-88 The Spread of Economic Ideas among Romanian * People. Case Study: Dionisie Pop Marţian Angela ROGOJANU Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies [email protected] Liana BADEA Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies [email protected] Abstract. In the nineteenth century, the accelerating globalization started to show demands that the majority of the Romanians could not understand. The delay in the economic development, the political-state establishment, the scarcity of instruction and education, the historical and geographical context marked by hostility, all these formed the gap between the "West" and "East". The renewing economic ideas penetrated hard, often deformed ... The relentless intelligence of some young people educated outside the Romanian land, as Dionisie Pop Marţian (1829- 1865), has started the struggle for "the economic emancipation of the nation" by promoting the ideas, the principles and the institutions on which was build the prosperity of the West. Seen as a "reactionary" or as a "man of progress", Marţian has delivered a heterogeneous economic outlook, a mixture of liberal principles and protectionist principles. The most significant "protection" supported by Marţian was the one against ignorance. The compilation made by Marţian using the works of various authors sustaining the "social economy" shows the dimensions of economic backwardness - the absence of current economic terms from the lexicon. Marţian invents some economic terms, which are understandable, such as: „comerciu”(trade), „manufaptură” (manufacture), „product”, „const”, „fair price”, „banc-rupt” etc. Marţian's mission was clear: "the spreading of economics through speaking and writing.". Keywords: economic education; industry; institutions; protectionism; economic emancipation. -
Un Cugetator Politic Secolului Al Xix-Lea
13 ACADEMIA ROMANA L MEMORIILE SECTIUNII ISTORICE SERIA III TOMUL XIII MEM. I I I. UN CUGETATOR POLITIC MOLDOVEAN DELA JUMATATEA SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA: *TEFAN SCARLAT DASCALESCU , DE' N. IORGA .MEMBRU AL ACADEMIEI ROMANE . ' 1 1.1 ots ACADEMIEI 4 -east tis' MONITORUL OFICIAL CI IMPRIMERIILE STATULUI IMPRIMERIA NATIONALA BUCURESTI 1 9 3 2 - Lei a. faced N. IORGA. I. Intre DomniiMoldoveisiai Tarii Romanesti, cum se §i vechi. so. corespondenta; II. Zugravi noi 20.-- N. IORGA. Scrisori domnestidin arhivele dela Stockholm. 340. TOMULXI (1930) de tradare a lui MihaiViteazul ? 3o.-- N. IORGA. Exists o scrisoare istoria armamentului G-ral R. ROSETTI. I. $tirimarunte si note relative la 20.- la noi; II. Cand s'a adoptatsteagul tricolor la noi. 5o. BAL$. I. Biserica din Lujeni;II. Pridvorul bisericilormoldovenesti. G. etnografice. Civilisatiasicultura. 6o. S. MEHEDINTI. Coordonate lui Vasile Lupu in N. IORGA. I. Originea luiStefan Razvan; II. Petrecerea 50.- exilul dela Constantinopol. pang la aces G-ral R. ROSETTI. Razboiuldela moartea lui Stefan -cel-Mare 25. a lui Matei-Basarab.I. Armamentul. 15.-- IORGA. Octoihul Diacului Lorint. N. Andronache Donici. 30. ANDREI RADULESCU. Juristul 'Ana la G-ral R. ROSETTI. RAzboiuldela moartea lui Stefan-eel-Mare lui Matei-Basarab. II.Organizarea. 25. acea a lui Avram Iancu si a camarazilorsal, 55. ION I. NISTOR. DecorareaAsemanari intre ideile primitiveale poporului ANDREI RADULESCU. 20.-- din Bretania. si ale poporuluiroman. 300. TOMUL XII (1931-32) 25. ANDREI RADULESCU. Influentsbelgiana asupra Dreptului roman. N. IORGA. Un pact defamilie si o aunts domneasca in1587, 7. vechilor Domni moldoveni. 5. N. IORGA. La cronologia . 5. N. IORGA. -
Proquest Dissertations
LITERATURE, MODERNITY, NATION THE CASE OF ROMANIA, 1829-1890 Alexander Drace-Francis School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD June, 2001 ProQuest Number: U642911 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U642911 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis is the development of a literary culture among the Romanians in the period 1829-1890; the effect of this development on the Romanians’ drive towards social modernization and political independence; and the way in which the idea of literature (as both concept and concrete manifestation) and the idea of the Romanian nation shaped each other. I concentrate on developments in the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (which united in 1859, later to form the old Kingdom of Romania). I begin with an outline of general social and political change in the Principalities in the period to 1829, followed by an analysis of the image of the Romanians in European public opinion, with particular reference to the state of cultural institutions (literacy, literary activity, education, publishing, individual groups) and their evaluation for political purposes. -
Romanian Revolutionaries, the 'Specter of Communism'
chapter 1 ‘The Land is the Country’: Romanian Revolutionaries, the ‘Specter of Communism’, and the ‘Terrible Specter’ of Russia ‘We, however, pioneers of the future, must move forward, and even when we are depressed or tired, we must keep on and work as we can and through anyone we can’. Ion Ionescu, letter to Ion Ghica, 14 March 1865 A Revolutionary Agronomist In September 1848, Ottoman troops crossed the Danube and stopped just be- fore entering Bucharest. Mehmed Fuad Pasha, a protégé of the reformist Grand Vizier Mustafa Reshid Pasha, and member in the Council of the Tanzimat, was the appointed High Commissioner of the Sublime Porte in Wallachia.1 On 13 September he addressed a proclamation to ‘the boyars and all the inhabit- ants of Wallachia, from all classes’. They were chastised for taking part in a re- bellion engendered by the ‘ghost of communism’, against whom all Europe was fighting. Communism threatened the security of the national institutions, the prosperity of all, the sovereignty of the Sublime Porte, and the friendly political relations with Russia.2 The specter of communism began its fateful wanderings in the Principalities, and the local revolutionaries, soon to be imprisoned or exiled, attempted both 1 The term Tanzimat [Reorganization] refers to a series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire, be- tween 1839 and 1867, heavily influenced by European ideas. The changes implied the creation of a new secular school system, new army conscription methods, the creation of provincial representative assemblies, and the introduction of new codes of criminal and commercial law. Grand Vizier Mustafa Reshid Pasha was central in the design and implementation of the reform. -
Carte Rară În Limba Română Din Colecţiile Bibliotecii
MINIS TER UL ED UC A ŢIEI AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT „ALECU RUSSO” DIN BĂLŢ I BIBLIOTECA ŞTIINŢ IF IC Ă Carte rară în limba română din colecţiile bibliotecii Contribuţii bibliografice Fascicula 2 Bălţi, 2003 CZU 016 C 27 Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naţionale a Cărţii Carte rară în limba română din colecţiile b ib liotec ii: contr ibuţii b ib liogra f ice / Alcăt.: E.Scurtu, A.Nagherneac, V.Secrieru; Red. resp. E.Harconiţă. – Bălţi, 2003. –120 p. ISBN 9975-931-34-0 016 C 27 Echipa de lucru: Alcătuitori: Elena Sc urt u Ana Nagherneac Vas ile Se crie ru Culegere computerizată: Ana Nagherneac Natalia Apos tol Machetare computerizată: Iurie Pogrebneac Maria Fotescu ISBN 9975-931-34-0 2 NO TA REDACŢIEI Aceste contribuţi i b ib l io g r a f ic e îşi propun să înregistreze publicaţiile în lim ba roman ă din secolele 19 –20, aflate în colecţia d e carte rară a Bib liotec ii Universitare din Bă lţi. În acest scop au fost cerc etate de –v izu 202 cărţi, c are au constituit obiecte de studiu la întocmirea luc rării. Fascicula a II-a (prima apăru tă în anul 2 000 cu 18 6 d e titluri ad no tate) cu prinde pu blic aţii de orientare psihologică, filozofică, religioasă, sociologică, pedagogică, lingvistică, literatură şi is to r ie . Alătu ri de m ulte lu crări reprezentative menţio n ăm Anastasimatariu cuprinded serviciile de Sîmbătă seara şi Duminică dimineaţa puse pe cele 8 glasuri întrebuinţate în Biserica Orthodoxă Română, prelucrată de un grup de muzicieni, împreună cu Gavriil Mus ic escu , eminent al c ultu rii muzicale romaneşti din a II-a jumătate a secolului XIX – începutul sec. -
An Econophysics Model for the Stock-Markets' Analysis
AN ECONOPHYSICS MODEL FOR THE STOCK-MARKETS’ ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS Ion SPÂNULESCU *, Ion POPESCU ** , Victor STOICA *, Anca GHEORGHIU * and Victor VELTER *** Abstract. In this paper we present an econophysic model for the description of shares transactions in a capital market. For introducing the fundamentals of this model we used an analogy between the electrical field produced by a system of charges and the overall of economic and financial information of the shares transactions from the stock-markets. An energetic approach of the rate variation for the shares traded on the financial markets was proposed and studied. Keywords: share, electrostatic field, stock-market, information field, poten- tial energy. 1. Introduction The stock exchange rate of a share or other quoted title is the price at which those titles exchange on stock markets. This rate varies according to the law of supply and demand, and the rate approaches more or less the true value of the share. The setting of the stock exchange rate is based on all available information about the asset proposed for trading, primarily on the intrinsic value estimated by different methods of evaluation of the company or economic entity which is traded on the stock-market. These evaluation methods are based on certain expectations, therefore contain a certain amount of subjectivity depending on the evaluators’ quality, and the model used for it [4]. Therefore, these methods can only give an estimated potential rate, also called the intrinsic value , which could possibly help the stock investors in making buying or selling decisions. The problem of the real value arises when the absence of quotation of the asset to the stock market is higher, i.e. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/01/2021 10:26:07AM Via Free Access the Lower Danube and Romanian Nation-Making 229 of Europe’
Chapter 8 The Lower Danube and Romanian Nation-Making We accept the strictest regulations designed to ensure freedom for all flags, we accept the most rigorous control for the application of these regulations, but we want to see that in Romanian waters these regulations are applied by Romanian authorities. King CHARLES I of Romania, 1881 ∵ 1 An Invitation to Transnational Expert Cooperation On 17 September 1883, Friedrich Martens, an Estonian-born diplomat and law professor, better known as the editor of a large collection of Russian diplo- matic documents and as an active supporter of international arbitration and conciliation, sent a letter to Alphonse Rivier, the Swiss scholar who at the time served as secretary general of the Institute of International Law (IIL). The or- ganisation had been founded a decade earlier in Ghent (Belgium) by several dozen legal scholars who aimed ‘to contribute to the progress of international law and become the legal conscience of the civilised world’.1 Martens’ missive, published in the Institute’s journal, Revue de droit international et de législation comparée, was an appeal for the IIL to get involved, according to its status, in settling the juridical principles ‘upon which the international regulation of navigable rivers accessible to all nations should be based’. Such a normative work would render ‘a great service both to the practice and to the science of international law’, given the ‘exceptional importance’ that the navigation of international rivers enjoyed at the time.2 Martens bolstered his intellectual endeavour with references to the devia- tions from the legal principles proclaimed in 1815 as part of the ‘public law 1 Martti Koskenniemi, The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law 1870–1960 (Cambridge 2001), 41. -
The Spread of Ideas About Industry and Education in the Nineteenth Century in Romania
Annals of the „Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu Jiu, Economy Series, Issue 1/2012 THE SPREAD OF IDEAS ABOUT INDUSTRY AND EDUCATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN ROMANIA Angela Rogojanu Professor PhD, Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] Liana Badea Lecturer PhD, Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] Abstract: The nineteenth century in our country may be considered as being very important from the intellectual perspective and not only. Although, Romanians proved to be less inventively or too moderate on economic issues, in this century, some personalities, born in Romania and educated in the west part of Europe, tried to emancipate the country by spreading industrial and implicitly, economic ideas among Romanians, who did not wish for wealth, did not start wars to seek for wealth because they were already proud of their riches which have to be defended in their own country. The opening to Occident was a gradual but painful process, many of the original values disappeared being replaced by others more or less good, but bad behaviours and attitudes were naturally kept. We are convinced that the process through which new ideas are generated and ultimately translated into policies and programs that shape the flow of history may be too complex to be reduced to a simple and unidirectional schema; thus is why, we are going to present shortly the main ideas that changed the future of Romania in the nineteenth century. Keywords: economic education, industry, economic emancipation 1. Introduction The nineteenth century in Europe can be considered a century of revolutions. -
Istoria Familiei Ghica
ISTORIE 235 ISTORIA FAMILIEI GHICA Gabriel Constantin Abstract: Our study has as main goal to present the history of Ghica’s family, that came on Wallachia and Moldavia in the 17th century and which gave to these contries a lot of rulers and personalities who stood out in different and numerous fields of activity. Key words: Wallachia, Moldavia, Ghica, Russia, Ottoman Empire Familia Ghica își are origini albaneze și a sosit în secolul al XVII-lea în Țara Românescă și Moldova. Între anii 1658-1856 a dat în cele două țări române zece domni, dar și foarte multe personalități care s-au remarcat pe plan politic și cultural. Deși au avut origini străine, Ghiculeștii s-au împământenit treptat atât în Țara Românească, cât și în Moldova și s-au identificat cu interesele țării lor. Astfel îi aflăm implicați în revoluția de la 1848-1849, susținând ideile de emancipare politică și socială, în sprijinirea Unirii din anul 1859 precum și în aducerea prințului străin. Membrii familiei Ghica au fost susținători ai dezvoltării învățământului modern românesc preum și ai artelor și literaturii din pozițiile înalte pe care le-au deținut, fie la Academia Română, fie la conducerea Teatrului Național. Unul dintre ultimii descendenți ai Ghiculeștilor a pierit în temnițele comuniste, constituind un reper în ceea ce privește apărarea și respectarea valorilor morale pe care această familie le-a cultivat de-a lungul istoriei sale. Gheorghe Ghica (1600-1664). Domn al Moldovei (3/13 martie-2/12 noiembrie 1659); domn al Țării Românești ( 20/30 noiembrie 1659-26 aprilie/6 mai 1660; 21/31 mai-1/11 septembrie 1660). -
Arhive Personale Şi Familiale
Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. 1 Repertoriu arhivistic 2 ISBN 973-8308-04-6 3 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE ALE ROMÂNIEI Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. I Repertoriu arhivistic Autor: Filofteia Rînziş Bucureşti 2001 4 • Redactor: Ioana Alexandra Negreanu • Au colaborat: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici, Anuţa Bichir • Indici de arhive, antroponimic, toponimic: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici • Traducere: Margareta Mihaela Chiva • Culegere computerizată: Filofteia Rînziş • Tehnoredactare şi corectură: Nicoleta Borcea, Otilia Biton • Coperta: Filofteia Rînziş • Coperta 1: Alexandru Marghiloman, Alexandra Ghica Ion C. Brătianu, Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino • Coperta 4: Constantin Argetoianu, Nicolae Iorga Sinaia, iulie 1931 Cartea a apărut cu sprijinul Ministerului Culturii şi Cultelor 5 CUPRINS Introducere……………………………….7 Résumé …………………………………..24 Lista abrevierilor ……………………….29 Arhive personale şi familiale……………30 Bibliografie…………………………….298 Indice de arhive………………………...304 Indice antroponimic……………………313 Indice toponimic……………………….356 6 INTRODUCERE „…avem marea datorie să dăm şi noi arhivelor noastre întreaga atenţie ce o merită, să adunăm şi să organizăm pentru posteritate toate categoriile de material arhivistic, care pot să lămurească generaţiilor viitoare viaţa actuală a poporului român în toată deplinătatea lui.” Constantin Moisil Prospectarea trecutului istoric al poporului român este o condiţie esenţială pentru siguranţa viitorului politic, economic şi cultural al acestuia. Evoluţia unei societăţi, familii sau persoane va putea fi conturată -
Sabina Cantacuzino (1863‒1944) Era Cunoscută De Contemporani Ca „fiica Cea Mare a Lui Ion C
Sabina Cantacuzino (1863‒1944) era cunoscută de contemporani ca „fiica cea mare a lui Ion C. Brătianu“ și „sora cea mai mare a Brătienilor“ ‒ Ionel, Con- stantin (Dinu) și Vintilă. A făcut școală în particular, după obiceiul timpului, la moșia Florica, iar mai târziu la București, cu profesori renumiți (Spiru Haret, David Emmanuel, V.D. Păun etc.), încheindu-și studiile cu un examen de ba- calaureat susținut la Colegiul Sf. Sava. În 1885 s-a căsătorit cu doctorul Constantin Cantacuzino. A învățat de tânără să iubească teatrul, muzica, artele plastice, de- venind cu timpul proprietara unei importante colecții de pictură românească și de obiecte de artă populară. A contribuit la înființarea și funcționarea Muzeului de artă „Toma Stelian“ și a Universității Libere (asociație culturală aflată sub patronajul reginei, în cadrul căreia se organizau conferințe și concerte); și-a lăsat prin testament locuința din București ca sediu al unui „cămin pentru doctoranzi“, conceput ca o fundație academică. Pe lângă sprijinirea instituțiilor culturale, s-a dăruit asistenței publice: a lucrat o lungă perioadă la Așezământul Regina Elisabeta, a organizat un cămin de copii bazat pe sistemul Montessori, a condus Spitalul nr. 108 din București în timpul Primului Război Mondial, a fost președinta Asociației pentru Profilaxia Tuberculozei, a avut, în 1914, inițiativa înființării unui spital pentru tuberculoși. Împreună cu alți membri ai familiei, a rămas în București în tim pul ocupației militare germane din 1916‒1918 și a fost internată în 1917, timp de nouă luni, la Mânăstirea Pasărea. Memoriile ei, pe care a început să le scrie în 1921, când se împlineau o sută de ani de la naș- terea lui Ion C.