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Japan-Russia Joint Research and Trans-Disciplinary Activities in Sakha

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Japan-Russia Joint Research and Trans-Disciplinary Activities in Sakha ロシアサハ共和国における 共同研究と社会との協働の取り組み 杉本敦子 北海道大学 北極域研究センター Japan-Russia joint research and trans-disciplinary activities in Sakha (Yakutia) Atsuko SUGIMITO Arctic Research Center Hokkaido University ロシア・サハ共和国 Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia Chokurdakh Yakutsk 永久凍土とタイガ林の分布 Distribution maps 分布が一致 永久凍土 similar タイガ林 distribution Permafrost Taiga 永久凍土がタイガ林の維持に重要な役割を担っている Permafrost plays an important role for sustaining taiga forest ecosystem 25年間のサハにおける北極・亜北極域における共同研究 25 years chronology of joint Arctic & sub-Arctic researches in Sakha ロシア科学アカデミーの研究所との共同研究 Joint research activities with RAS institutes (IBPC, etc) 1991- 1997- 2002- 2005- 2009- 2011- 2015- Grant-in- GAME/ CREST Core-to- RHIN GRENE-TEA ArCS Aid for Sci Siberia Core Siberia EU-Japan Res IGBP-TEMA Sapasskaya Pad Elegeii Kodac (Yakutsk), Tiksi (UstMaya) (Chokurdakh) 水・炭素循環：永久凍土、植生、炭素、メタン、栄養塩、森林火災 Water & Carbon cycles: permafrost, vegetation, Carbon, CH4, Nitrogen, forest fire 典型的な植生サイト（タイガ、ツンドラ、境界域）での長期観測 Long term field observation data at typical vegetation sites (taiga, tundra, boundary) タイガ−ツンドラ境界における永久凍土調査 Permafrost sampling at taiga‐tundra boundary Permafrost sample 東シベリアタイガ林樹木は温暖化に伴い成長が悪くなっている Growth reduction of larch trees in warm period Larch in Yakutia Tei et al. 2014 温暖 温暖 warm warm 東シベリアタイガ林樹木は温暖化に伴い成長が悪くなっている Growth reduction of larch trees in warm period Larch in Yakutia Tei et al. 2014 温暖 温暖 現在タイガ林は重要な炭素吸収の場 温暖化が進むと、このタイガ林の樹木による炭素吸収は低下する 可能性がある Currently Taiga forest ecosystem is important sink of CO2 Warming may weaken the sink warm warm 年輪炭素同位体比から復元した過去100年間の土壌水分 Soil moisture reconstructed with 13C of tree ring for past 100 yrs Spasskaya Pad, Yakutsk 180 Error bar Tei et al., 2013 140 100 0-60cm depth (mm) Reconstructed SWE 60 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year 100年間に何度も厳しい乾燥 Repeated drought for past 100 years 2006−08年に極端な湿潤 Extreme wet event in 2006-2008 過去100年間で最も湿潤 Wettest event in past 100 yrs このような極端現象頻度は今後増大？ Frequency of such extreme weather event will increase? サハフラックスネット Tiksi Chokurdakh ツンドラ Kodac Tundra station 森林−ツンドラ境界 Forest-Tundra station Spasskaya Pad タイガ林 Yakutsk Forest station Ust‐Maya Interdisciplinary studies in Elgeeii representative ecosystems タイガ林 on global climate changes Forest station in North‐Eastern Russia 日本のプロジェクトがサハフラックスネットに貢献してきた Japanese projects have been contributing to Sakha FluxNet 25年間のサハにおける北極・亜北極域における共同研究と教育活動 25 years chronology of joint activities on research and education in Sakha ロシア科学アカデミーの研究所との共同研究 Joint research activities with RAS institutes (IBPC, etc) 1991- 1997- 2002- 2005- 2009- 2011- 2015- Grant-in- GAME/ CREST Core-to- RHIN GRENE-TEA ArCS Aid for Sci Siberia Core Siberia EU-Japan Res IGBP-TEMA Sapasskaya Pad Elegeii Kodac (Yakutsk), Tiksi (UstMaya) (Chokurdakh) Water & Carbon cycles: permafrost, vegetation, Carbon, CH4, Nitrogen, forest fire 2010 ロシア北東連邦大学との共同研究と教育活動 2008- 2014- 2015- IFES- NEFU RJE3 Belmont Joint research & educational activities with GCOE established Forum NEFU (NorthEastern Federal Univ.) COPERA IFES-GCOE (2008-2012) • 永久凍土生態系に関する特別講義／野外実習 正規コースへ • Special lecture course / Field short course Regular course 教育活動 Educational 世界展開力 RJE3 project 北極圏大学 U Arctic Thematic Network on Permafrost 超学際的研究 Trans-disciplinary research Belmont Forum COPERA 極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・⽂化・開発を牽引する専⾨家育成プログラム RJE3 program: East Russia - Japan Expert Education Program ５つの重点対応課題の設定 環境評価 ⽂化的多様性 ⼟壌と⽣産 地域資源開発 防災管理 本構想の目的： Five major issues to be addressed • Environmental assessment 極東・北極圏の持続可能な環 • Cultural diversity 境・文化・開発を牽引する専門 • Soil and productivity 家集団の育成 • Regional resource development • Disaster prevention management 主に⼤学院⽣（修 ⼠・博⼠）を対象 北大とロシアの５つ Purposes of JRE3 program are to foster young people and の大学間で実施 to establish a group of experts Hokkaido University who can lead people to sustainable society with 5 Russian in Far East and the Arctic region in eastern Russia universities with a tight relationship between Russia and Japan Hokkaido University 極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・⽂化・開発を牽引する専⾨家育成プログラム Examples of 2015 RJE3 Basic Subjects: Field short courses Field course on Field course on Field course on Permafrost ecosystem Archeology Architecture at Yakutsk Aug 4-14 at Rebun Aug 16-22 at Sapporo Aug 17-22,29 9 students from Hokudai, 3 students from Hokudai, 3 students from Hokudai, 5 from NEFU 5 from Russia 15 from Russia 2016 held in Aug 1-12 極東・北極圏の持続可能な環境・⽂化・開発を牽引する専⾨家育成プログラム 2015 RJE3 基礎科⽬︓共通講義 Basic Subjects: Common lecture course 極東・北極圏における地域的課題解決に向けた分野横断的な講義 Multi-disciplinary lecture course taught by Japanese and Russian lecturers All Hokudai and Russian students got together at Sapporo Aug 24-31 2015 History, culture day 1 Environment day 2 Presentation day 5 ・北⽅圏の⼈類史 ・永久凍⼟と植⽣ ・北⽅先住⺠の⽂化 ・気候変動と北⽅圏の⽣態系 ・シベリアの先史学 など ・北ユーラシアの気候 など Regional Politics and development day 3 Economics day 4 students from ・寒冷地の都市と建築 ・極東の経済 ・北⽅圏の建築デザイン ・極東の国際関係 Hokudai 17 ・開発管理とインフラ計画など ・近現代の⽇露関係史 など Russian 25 total 42 students ICARP III (第3回北極科学計画会議） 北極域研究における 北極研究のプライオリティー 日露大学が果たす役割の • 全球システムにおいて北極が果たす役割 重要性 • 気候ダイナミクスと生態系の応答の観測 Important roles of universities と予測 in Arctic Research • 北極域環境と社会の脆弱性と回復力を理 解し持続可能な開発をサポートすること 大学 University 重要なメッセージ • 人材育成の場 • コミュニケーション • 幅広い分野の研究者が揃う • 伝統的・地域の知識 ＊分野横断型の取り組み • 人材育成 Arctic research priorities ＊将来のリーダー育成 • The Role of the Arctic in the Global ＊大学での取り組みは卒業生 System により社会へ還元される • Observing and Predicting Future Climate Dynamics and Ecosystem Responses • Capacity building • Understanding the Vulnerability and • Researchers from various Resilience of Arctic Environments and disciplines Societies and Supporting Sustainable ＊Multi-disciplinarity Development ＊Fostering future leaders Overarching messages ＊Research results return to Communication / Traditional & local society through students after knowledge / Capacity building graduation 20151103 Belmont COPERA project engagement meeting Belmon Forum CRA (Collaborative Research Action) Arctic Observing and Research for Sustainability C budget of ecosystems and cities and villages on permafrost in eastern Russian Arctic (COPERA) 東部ロシア北極域永久凍土上の生態系と 都市と村落の炭素収支 Japan, Russia, USA joint project (5 yr 2015-2019) (funding: 5 yr in Japan and USA, 3 yr in Russia) Atsuko SUGIMOTO Hokkaido University, Japan Mikhail Prisyazhny North-Eastern Federal University, Russia Kenji YOSHIKAWA University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA Background: Problems in Arctic and subarctic regions impact on global climate decrease in CO2 uptake Climate Permafrost ecosystem rapid warming degradation of permafrost severe drought forest decline & heavy rainfall vegetation change flooding, over-wetting impact on society Society rapid growth of large cities shrink of small settlements increase in consumption increase in energy cost economic growth & crisis increase in CO2 emission increase in financial burden on government & people Background: Problems in Arctic and subarctic regions impact on permafrost ecosystem Society rapid growth of large cities shrink of small settlements increase in consumption increase in energy cost economic growth & crisis increase in CO2 emission increase in financial burden on government & people impact on global climate impacts on ecosystem, society Industry low energy efficiency more CO2 emission high energy cost for mining industry financial burden unbalance of fuel export and import small business inefficient energy use = more CO2 emission Carbon cycles CO2 in ecosystem and society like a currency CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 --using the amount of CO2-- Natural Ecosystem Human Society importance of forest efficiency of energy use to estimate C budget for 北極圏 Objetives territory of Sakha (Yakutia) -observations for ecosystem -field survey and statistical data analyses on energy consumption for urban and rural settlements to establish monitering network on permafrost and temperature タイガ域 analysis of economic growth and develpment CO2収支を比較： 自然生態系のCO2吸収 量とエネルギー消費によ るCO2排出量 コストの解析 社会との協働 Cooperative Research Action Objectives 科学的データを住民や行政に提示する →新しい考えを吹き込む 将来のリーダーを育てる 例）サステナビリティキャンパスプロジェクト at 北東連邦大 大学は社会の縮図（ヤクーツクでは人口の1割） 大学から活動を始める →卒業後、学生たちはそれぞれの地域・社会でその考えや 活動を広めてくれることが期待される 住民・行政が何を必要としているかを知る→将来の研究課題へ to Inspire people (& government) and change their way of thinking by showing scientific data to foster future leaders Sustainability Campus Project at NEFU University is a small society (not small at Yakutsk; 10% population) Starting action from universities → After graduation, students (future leaders) will disperse the ideas to Find what we can do together for our future by understanding each other through communication 住民・行政担当者、他のステークホルダーとの対話を通し計画し、 研究を実施し、行動する involvement of community participants or other stakeholders in the planning, design, and completion of the research Nov 3, 2015 COPERA Stakeholders Meeting with participants from governmental side 終わり.
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