Vladimir Lenin
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Who Were the Prusai ?
WHO WERE THE PRUSAI ? So far science has not been able to provide answers to this question, but it does not mean that we should not begin to put forward hypotheses and give rise to a constructive resolution of this puzzle. Great help in determining the ethnic origin of Prusai people comes from a new branch of science - genetics. Heraldically known descendants of the Prusai, and persons unaware of their Prusai ethnic roots, were subject to the genetic test, thus provided a knowledge of the genetics of their people. In conjunction with the historical knowledge, this enabled to be made a conclusive finding and indicated the territory that was inhabited by them. The number of tests must be made in much greater number in order to eliminate errors. Archaeological research and its findings also help to solve this question, make our knowledge complemented and compared with other regions in order to gain knowledge of Prusia, where they came from and who they were. Prusian people provinces POMESANIA and POGESANIA The genetic test done by persons with their Pomesanian origin provided results indicating the Haplogroup R1b1b2a1b and described as the Atlantic Group or Italo-Celtic. The largest number of the people from this group, today found between the Irish and Scottish Celts. Genetic age of this haplogroup is older than that of the Celt’s genetics, therefore also defined as a proto Celtic. 1 The Pomerania, Poland’s Baltic coast, was inhabited by Gothic people called Gothiscanza. Their chronicler Cassiodor tells that they were there from 1940 year B.C. Around the IV century A.D. -
The Arrases of Wawel, the Polish Royal Castle in Krakow
Jerzy Holc, Andrzej Włochowicz* The Arrases of Wawel, the Polish Royal Castle in Krakow Wawel - Polisch Royal Castle Conservation Workshop of Historical Textiles Wawel, Kraków, Poland Abstract The unusual, but well-documented history of the unique tapestry collection of the ‘Arrases of *University of Bielsko-Biała Wawel’, the Polish kings’ castle in Krakow, is briefly presented and its cultural importance Faculty of Textile Engineering and Polymer Materials emphasised. The problems of maintaining, preserving and restoring historical textile fabrics Ul. Willowa 2, 403-39 Bielsko-Biała, Poland are mentioned, and the questions of biodeterioration, molecular and submolecular structure E-mail: [email protected] changes, de-colouration, and the appearance of stains are stressed. A further article, which will discuss these problems in detail, will be published in a subsequent issue of Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe. Key words: arras, tapestry, conservation, preservation, biodeterioration, micro-organisms, enzymes, structure changes, colour changes. n The history of the collection n 16 small arrases located over the entrances and above & below the The Wawel arrases1), which are also windows, as well as those intended to called the Jagiellonian arrases, form a cover chairs or pillows. compact and stylistically consistent col- lection of tapestries.2) Krakow’s arras The tapestries were manufactured in the collection is distinctive as regards its period from 1550 to 1560 in Brussels, uniformity of style, variety of series, and according to cartoons of famous Flemish abundance of motives, as well as its his- painters. The authorship of these car- torical substantiation, which is of greatest toons with figurative scenes is attributed importance. -
The Russian Cinematic Culture
Russian Culture Center for Democratic Culture 2012 The Russian Cinematic Culture Oksana Bulgakova Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/russian_culture Part of the Film and Media Studies Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Repository Citation Bulgakova, O. (2012). The Russian Cinematic Culture. In Dmitri N. Shalin, 1-37. Available at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/russian_culture/22 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Article in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Russian Culture by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Russian Cinematic Culture Oksana Bulgakova The cinema has always been subject to keen scrutiny by Russia's rulers. As early as the beginning of this century Russia's last czar, Nikolai Romanov, attempted to nationalize this new and, in his view, threatening medium: "I have always insisted that these cinema-booths are dangerous institutions. Any number of bandits could commit God knows what crimes there, yet they say the people go in droves to watch all kinds of rubbish; I don't know what to do about these places." [1] The plan for a government monopoly over cinema, which would ensure control of production and consumption and thereby protect the Russian people from moral ruin, was passed along to the Duma not long before the February revolution of 1917. -
Territory, Enclosure, and State Territorial Mode of Production in the Russian Imperial Periphery
Geogr. Helv., 74, 13–25, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-74-13-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. supported by Territory, enclosure, and state territorial mode of production in the Russian imperial periphery Vera Smirnova Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA Correspondence: Vera Smirnova ([email protected]) Received: 30 April 2018 – Revised: 22 October 2018 – Accepted: 9 December 2018 – Published: 16 January 2019 Abstract. After the imperial land consolidation acts of 1906, the Russian land commune became a center of territorial struggle where complex alliances of actors, strategies, and representations of territory enacted land enclosure beyond the exclusive control of the state. Using original documentation of Russian imperial land deals obtained in the federal and municipal archives, this study explores how the Russian imperial state and territo- ries in the periphery were dialectically co-produced not only through institutional manipulations, educational programs, and resettlement plans but also through political and public discourses. This paper examines how coalitions of landed nobility and land surveyors, landless serfs, and peasant proprietors used enclosure as con- duits for property violence, accumulation of capital, or, in contrast, as a means of territorial autonomy. Through this example, I bring a territorial dimension into Russian agrarian scholarship by positioning the rural politics of the late imperial period within the global context of capitalist land enclosure. At the same time, by focusing on the reading of territory from the Russian historical perspective, I introduce complexity into the modern territory discourse often found in Western political geographic interpretations. -
Title: Kamienieccy Herbu Pilawa : Z Dziejów Kariery I Awansu Szlachty Polskiej Do 1535/1536 Roku
Title: Kamienieccy herbu Pilawa : z dziejów kariery i awansu szlachty polskiej do 1535/1536 roku Author: Katarzyna Niemczyk Citation style: Niemczyk Katarzyna. (2016). Kamienieccy herbu Pilawa : z dziejów kariery i awansu szlachty polskiej do 1535/1536 roku. Katowice : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Kamienieccy herbu Pilawa NR 3489 Katarzyna Niemczyk Kamienieccy herbu Pilawa Z dziejów kariery i awansu szlachty polskiej do 1535/1536 roku Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Katowice 2016 Redaktor serii: Historia Sylwester Fertacz Recenzent Jerzy Rajman Spis treści Wykaz skrótów 7 Wstęp 13 ROZDZIAŁ 1 Herb i pochodzenie Kamienieckich 1.1. Herb 27 1.2. Początki Moskorzewskich 30 1.3. Zarys genealogiczny 33 ROZDZIAŁ 2 Klemens (2) z Moskorzewa († 1408) – protoplasta rodziny Kamienieckich Jego znaczenie polityczne i działalność gospodarcza 2.1. Kariera polityczna Klemensa z Moskorzewa 59 2.2. Gospodarka i fundacje kościelne Klemensa z Moskorzewa 83 2.2.1. Dobra dziedziczne 83 2.2.2. Nadanie klucza dobczyckiego 84 2.2.3. Nadanie Kamieńca. Klucz odrzykoński (kamieniecki) 85 2.2.4. Wsie nieprzynależące do wymienionych kluczy 88 2.2.5. Domy w Krakowie 90 2.2.6. Fundacje kościelne 91 ROZDZIAŁ 3 Pierwsze i drugie pokolenie Kamienieckich Od kryzysu do odbudowy pozycji rodziny 3 . 1 . Pokolenie pierwsze: Marcin (1) (1390–1439) 97 3.2. Pokolenie drugie – odbudowa pozycji rodziny 106 3 . 2 . 1 . Najstarszy potomek Marcina (1) – Piotr 106 3.2.2. Henryk (2) – znakomity gospodarz 115 6 Spis treści ROZDZIAŁ 4 Pokolenie trzecie Okres świetności rodziny (XV/XVI wiek) 4 . 1 . Mikołaj (2) Kamieniecki, pierwszy hetman wielki koronny, i rotmistrz Jan (2) Kamieniecki 133 4.1.1. Początki kariery Mikołaja Kamienieckiego 133 4.1.2. -
Behind and Beyond Lenin and Dzerzhinskiy: Soviet-Polish Cooperation in Historical-Revolutionary Cinema (1960S–1980S)
Behind and Beyond Lenin and Dzerzhinskiy: Soviet-Polish Cooperation in Historical-Revolutionary Cinema (1960s–1980s) Éric AUNOBLE Senior Lecturer MESLO-ESTAS University of Geneva (CH) [email protected] Abstract Lenin and Dzerzhinskiy were the most promoted “divinities” in Soviet popular culture. The two leaders also had valuable characteristics for propagandising the “friendship of peoples” between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of Poland: Lenin had lived two years in the Krakow region whereas Polish revolutionary Dzerzhinskiy became a statesman in Soviet Russia. Between the 1960s and 1980s, Soviets and Poles coproduced three movies featuring Lenin and Dzerzhinskiy as transnational heroes: Lenin in Poland, by Sergey Yutkevich and Evgeniy Gabrilovich (1966), No Identification Marks (1979–1980) and Fiasco of Operation “Terror” (1981–1983) by Anatoliy Bobrovskiy and Yulian Semënov. The paper considers the interactions between Soviet and Polish professionals during the preparation, the shooting and the release of these movies as examples of the “State- socialist Mode of Production” and of its “micro-politics” (Szczepanik 2013). In the 1960s, Soviets and Poles officially got along well at the ideological level. Yet a muffled antagonism continued about the representation of their nation. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, revolutionary history about Dzezhinsiy was a mere setting for mainstream movies. Once political issues had been driven to the background, the professional advantage of joint movie productions became more obvious. Co-production offered professionals multiple opportunities: to enjoy tourism abroad, go shopping, improve skills by working with foreign colleagues and cutting-edge technologies. Although the involvement of some might have been motivated by personal interests, both countries ended up benefiting from the joint projects. -
Political Murder and the Victory of Ethnic Nationalism in Interwar Poland
POLITICAL MURDER AND THE VICTORY OF ETHNIC NATIONALISM IN INTERWAR POLAND by Paul Brykczynski A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2013 Doctoral Committee: Professor Brian Porter-Szűcs, Chair Professor Ronald G. Suny Professor Geneviéve Zubrzycki Professor Robert Blobaum, University of West Virginia DEDICATION In memory of my Grandfather, Andrzej Pieczyński, who never talked about patriotism but whose life bore witness to its most beautiful traditions and who, among many other things, taught me both to love the modern history of Poland and to think about it critically. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In a project such as this, there are innumerable people to thank. While I know that this list will never be comprehensive, I will nevertheless do my best to acknowledge at least some of those without whom this work would not have been possible. Most important, there will never be a way to adequately thank my wife and best friend, Andrea, for standing by me 150% through this long and often difficult journey. Working on a PhD certainly has its ups and downs and, without Andrea, I would not have made it through the latter. Her faith in my work and in the path I had chosen never wavered, even when mine occasionally did. With that kind of support, one can accomplish anything one set one’s mind to. An enormous thank you must go to my parents, Mikołaj and Ewa Brykczyński. Despite being uprooted from their culture by the travails of political emigration, they somehow found the strength to raise me with the traditions of the Central European Intelligentsia—that is to say in an environment where books were read, ideas were discussed, and intellectual curiosity was valued and encouraged. -
FEATURES and FIGURES of the PAST V.I. Gurko
FEATURES AND FIGURES OF THE PAST V.I. Gurko Vladimir Gurko, coming from a family which gave distinguished service to the Russian empire, entered public service after graduating from the Moscow Uni versity at the age of 23. Early in the reign of Nicholas II he was appointed to the Imperial Chancellery and in 1902 was ap pointed Manager of the Peasant Section and later Assistant Minister of the In terior. He was gifted and brilliant, a clever, energetic and extraordinarily hard-work ing bureaucrat, and his ability was early recognized by his contemporaries. Writ ing of his first speech as government spokesman on the agrarian question, Sen ator Glinka recalls: "The unsuccessful speeches of the government representa tives before the noisy assembly, the feel-. ing of bewilderment, the crushing con fusion-and then V. I. Gurka's speech. I remember his slight stature, his loud, harsh voice. Every sentence was charged with feeling, with a biting sarcasm. • • • The sweeping fire of his eloquence re vealed him to be a capable parliamentary fighter. This speech proved his outstand- ing political genius." - This is the man who from first-hand experience gives us this inside story of the Russian government, its leading personali ties, and its relations with the Russian public from the accession of Nicholas II to the eve of the Revolution of 1917. From personal observation the author describes the composition and activities of such in stitutions as the State Council, the Impe rial Chancellery, the various ministries, and the State Duma; he makes revealing characterizations of such influential fig ures of the time as Witte, Plehve, Stoly pin, Durnovo, Kokovtsov, Goremykin, and many others, and discusses their relations (Continued on back flap of jacket) The Hoover Library on War, Revolution, and Peace Publication No. -
THE RIGHT to KNOW, the RIGHT to ACT Documents of Helsinki Dissent from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Compiled and Edited B
THE RIGHT TO KNOW, THE RIGHT TO ACT Documents of Helsinki Dissent from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Compiled and Edited by the Staff of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Washington, D.C. May, 1978 DANTE B. FASCELL EXECUIVE BRON CMMISSIONRI CHAIRMAN PATRICIA M. DERIAN DAVID E. McGIFFERr CLAIBORNE PELL FRANK A. WEIL CO-C14AIIIIIMAN COMMISSION ON COMMISSIONERS SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE R.SPENCER OLIVER DICK CLARK AFE REDY R PATRICK J. LEAHY CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES ALFREDFRIEDLY.JR. RICHARD STONE WASHINGTON, D.C. 205151STA DIRETtO CUFDORD P. CAES ROBERTI DOLE Houms OPWMEkoBSAWiN. Ajolfg 2 JONATHAN B. BINGHAM PAULSIMON (202) 225-1901 SIDNEY R. YATES JOHN BUCHANAN MILAJCENT VNWICK FOREWORD The documents presented in this volume are links in a chain reaction of free expression. Taking place inside the Sov4et Union and its Eastern Euro- pean allies, this process of civil protest varies from one locale to another both in scope and content. Its common base, however, can be found in the 1975 Helsinki accord, the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Coop- eration in Europe. There, in the introductory Declaration on Principles Guiding Relations between Participating States, the 35 signatory nations bound themselves to accord the same respect to the human rights and fundamental freedoms of their own citizens as to one another's frontiers, sovereignty, and immunity from force or the threat of its use. The pledge to respect "freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief," to "promote and encourage the effective exercise of civil, political ... cultural and other rights", to accord ethnic minorities "equality before the law" and "full opportunity", and to "act in conformity" with international commitments on human rights constitutes Principle VII of the Final Act. -
The Fall of the Russian Empire: a Spiritual History
THE FALL OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: A SPIRITUAL HISTORY Vladimir Moss Copyright © Vladimir Moss, 2011. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS FOREWORD ...........................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................6 I. REFORM (1856-1881) .......................................................................................14 The Peace of Paris ................................................................................................14 “The New Man” ..................................................................................................16 The Emancipation of the Serfs .............................................................................19 Supporters and Critics of Emancipation .............................................................24 The Jews under Alexander II ...............................................................................28 Marx and Bakunin...............................................................................................37 Dostoyevsky on Papism and Socialism................................................................42 The Devils ............................................................................................................45 Dostoyevsky on the Terrorists .............................................................................50 Portents of the Antichrist ....................................................................................52 -
Film Criticism
ALEXANDER FEDOROV FILM CRITICISM Файл загружен с http://www.ifap.ru FEDOROV, A. FILM CRITICISM. МOSCOW: ICO “INFORMATION FOR ALL”. 2015. 382 P. COPYRIGHT © 2015 BY ALEXANDER FEDOROV [email protected] ALL RIGHT RESERVED. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 1 FEDOROV, ALEXANDER. 1954-. FILM CRITICISM / ALEXANDER FEDOROV. P. CM. INCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES. 1. FILM CRITICISM. 2. FILM STUDIES. 3. MEDIA LITERACY. 4. MEDIA EDUCATION. 5. MEDIA STUDIES. 6. FILM EDUCATION. 7. STUDENTS. 8. CINEMA. 9. FILM. 10. MASS MEDIA. 11. STUDY AND TEACHING. 2 Contents The Mystery of Russian Cinema ………………………………..…... ..6 Phenomenon of Russian Film-Hits ………………………………….. 10 Russian Screen Distribution …………………………………..………..12 Video-pirates from Russia ……………………………………..…….. 15 Film Criticism and Press in Russia …………………………………… 17 Russian Cinematography and the Screen Violence ………………....….21 The Gloom of Russian Fantastic Movie-Land …………….………..….27 Sex-Cinema: Made in Russia …………………………………… ..….. 29 America, America… ……………………………………………….… .31 French Motives and Russian Melodies ………………………….…… .33 Fistful of Russian Movies ……………………………………….…… .41 Nikita Mikhalkov before XXI Century ………………………….…… 78 Karen Shakhnazarov: a Fortune's Favorite? ……………………….… 86 Pyotr Todorovsky: Dramatic Romance ……………………….……. 92 Oleg Kovalov, Former Film Critic .........................................................99 How to Shoot the “True” Film about Russia …………………………102 Locarno Film Fest: The View of a Film Educator ……………………103 The Analysis of Detective Genre at Film Education in Students’ Audience ……………………………………………… -
Jews of Former Cossack Fort Irkutsk Mark 200 Years of Prosperity And
NCSEJ WEEKLY TOP 10 Washington, D.C. November 21, 2018 Jews of Former Cossack Fort Irkutsk Mark 200 Years of Prosperity and Persecution By Rossella Tercatin Times of Israel, November 17, 2018 https://www.timesofisrael.com/jews-of-former-cossack-fort-irkutsk-mark-200-years-of-prosperity-and- persecution/ Today, this frigid city of just over half a million in eastern Siberia is best known for being a convenient starting point from which to visit Lake Baikal — a popular destination for hiking and winter sports a short 70 kilometers (43 miles) away that contains one-fifth of the world’s unfrozen fresh water. But Irkutsk also holds the key to an unexpected piece of Jewish history spanning back over two centuries. Irkutsk’s first Jew on record, a merchant named Israel Fershter, arrived in the city located off the silk road in 1818. Founded in 1661 as a Cossack garrison, at the beginning of the 19th century Irkutsk was a cultural and intellectual hub for elites sent into exile for their part in the Decembrist revolt against Tsar Nicholas I. The city was also well on its way to becoming a prominent commercial center. Officially, no Jews were allowed to reside in Siberia — or anywhere in the Russian Empire outside of the Pale of Settlement, an area established in 1791 which included parts of today’s Poland, Ukraine and Latvia, as well as Belarus, Lithuania and Moldova. Practically though, there were exceptions. Not only did Fershster move to Irkutsk, but he also set out to put together a minyan — a quorum of 10 adult men necessary for public prayer according to traditional Judaism.