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Terörün Dönemsellik Bağlamında Trendleri PKK Örneği.Pdf T.C. HASAN KALYONCU ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ SĠYASET BĠLĠMĠ VE ULUSLARARASI ĠLĠġKĠLER ANABĠLĠM DALI SĠYASET BĠLĠMĠ VE ULUSLARARASI ĠLĠġKĠLER TEZLĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS PROGRAMI TERÖRÜN DÖNEMSELLĠK BAĞLAMINDA TRENDLERĠ: PKK ÖRNEĞĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ HAZIRLAYAN ALĠ YILDIRIMOĞLU GAZĠANTEP 2019 T.C. HASAN KALYONCU ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ SĠYASET BĠLĠMĠ VE ULUSLARARASI ĠLĠġKĠLER ANABĠLĠM DALI SĠYASET BĠLĠMĠ VE ULUSLARARASI ĠLĠġKĠLER TEZLĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS PROGRAMI TERÖRÜN DÖNEMSELLĠK BAĞLAMINDA TRENDLERĠ: PKK ÖRNEĞĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ HAZIRLAYAN ALĠ YILDIRIMOĞLU TEZ DANIġMANI DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESĠ MURAT ASLAN GAZĠANTEP 2019 TEZ ETĠK VE BĠLDĠRĠM SAYFASI Yüksek Lisans Projesi olarak sunduğum “TERÖRÜN DÖNEMSELLĠK BAĞLAMINDA TRENDLERĠ: PKK ÖRNEĞĠ” baĢlıklı çalıĢmanın tarafımca, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düĢecek bir yardıma baĢvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin kaynakçada gösterilenlerden oluĢtuğunu ve bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanmıĢ olduğumu belirtir ve onurumla doğrularım. 25.04.2019 Ali YILDIRIMOĞLU ÖNSÖZ Güvenlik kavramının tarihsel süreç içerisinde değiĢimi devletleri iç güvenlik anlayıĢında da değiĢikliklere götürmüĢtür. Bu çerçevede çalıĢmada, Türkiye‟yi hedef alan PKK‟nın dıĢ destek olmaksızın, etkin eylemler icra etmesinin mahdut olduğu, konjonktürle geliĢmelere paralel olarak eylemlerin nicelik ve niteliğinde artıĢ olduğu çalıĢılmıĢtır. PKK‟nın neden bir proje olarak ortaya konulduğu ve desteklendiği, ayrıca Türkiye‟de hangi geliĢmelerin dıĢ güçleri bu örgüte destek vermeye sürükleyen sebepler araĢtırılmıĢtır. Tez çalıĢmam sırasında bana desteğini hiç kesmeyen ve birçok fedakârlıkta bulanan hayat arkadaĢım ve eĢim Kübra YILDIRIMOĞLU‟na desteği ve anlayıĢından dolayı teĢekkür ederim. Son olarak, bu çalıĢmayı sonuçlandırmamda görüĢleri ile katkıda bulunan değerli hocam Dr. Murat ASLAN‟a çok teĢekkür eder, çalıĢmanın tüm ilgililere yararlı olmasını dilerim. Gaziantep, 2019 Ali YILDIRIMOĞLU i ÖZET Tarihsel süreçte güvenlik terimine farklı anlamlar yüklenildiğini görmekteyiz. Günümüzde ise küreselleĢmenin de etkisiyle kavramın yeni çeĢitleriyle karĢılaĢmaktayız. Bu kavramın değiĢmesinin yanında terör unsurlarının da değiĢtiğini yeni yöntemler geliĢtirerek taktik değiĢikliğine gittikleri ortadadır. Tabi bu taktik değiĢikliğine karĢı, devletlerin buna nasıl karĢılık verdiği, klasik yöntemlerle mi yoksa Türkiye‟nin de yaptığı gibi yeni yöntemlerle mi mücadele verdiği önemlidir. ÇalıĢmada PKK‟nın Türkiye‟nin güvenliğinin bozulmasında bir paravan olarak nasıl kullanıldığını araĢtırarak; Türkiye‟de ki hangi geliĢmelerin PKK‟nın kullanılmasına sebep olduğu araĢtırılmıĢtır. Ġç güvenlikle birlikte ülke güvenliğine de olumsuz sonuçları sebep olan PKK‟yı, PKK‟yla mücadelede değiĢen, yerlileĢen ve millileĢen silah envanteriyle birlikte konsept; sorunun arkasındaki asıl amacın devletin güvenliğinin ve bekasının hedef alındığı araĢtırılmıĢtır. PKK‟nın, Türkiye‟nin ulusal ve bölgesel alanda daha etkin ve bağımsız kararlar alan bir devlet olmasının engellenmesinde kullanıldığı ortaya konulmuĢ olup, konu dünya konjonktürüyle birlikte incelenmiĢtir. Anahtar kelimeler: PKK/KCK, Proje Örgüt PKK, PYD/YPG, PKK‟ya Verilen DıĢ Destek ii ABSTRACT We see that „security‟ term has been attributed different meanings in historical process. Today, with effect of golabalization, we encounter with new varieties of notion. Besides change of this notion, it is obvious that terror factors have changed and they ring the changes of tactics by developing new methods. Of ourse it is important that how the states respond to this tactical change; with classic methods or with new methods as Turkey practiced. In this study, it was investigated which developments caused being used of PKK by researching how being used as a screen on Turkey‟s security deterioration. PKK which caused negative results for internal security and country security, on fight with PKK by changed, indigenizated and nationalized weapon inventory the concept; it was investigated that main purpose behind the prıoblem is targeting security and survivability of the state. It was revealed that PKK was used for preventing Turkey being a state who takes decisions more efficient and indepented at national and regional area and the matter was investigated with world conjuncture. Key words : PKK, Project Organization PKK, PYD/YPG, External Support for PKK iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER Sayfa No. ÖNSÖZ........................................................................................................................................i ÖZET.........................................................................................................................................ii ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER........................................................................................................................iv TABLOLAR LĠSTESĠ.............................................................................................................vi GRAFĠKLER LĠSTESĠ..........................................................................................................vii HARĠTALAR LĠSTESĠ........................................................................................................viii RESĠMLER LĠSTESĠ..............................................................................................................ix KISALTMALAR LĠSTESĠ......................................................................................................x GĠRĠġ.........................................................................................................................................1 BĠRĠNCĠ BÖLÜM 1.1. AraĢtırma Problemi ………………………………………………………….....................3 1.2. AraĢtırmanın Amacı ve Önemi............................................................................................3 1.3. AraĢtırmanın Varsayımları………………………………………………………...............4 1.4. AraĢtırmanın Yöntemi ve Sınırlılıkları……………………................................................4 1.5. Tanımlar…………………………………………………………………………………...5 ĠKĠNCĠ BÖLÜM KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVE: GÜVENLĠK KAVRAMI.........................................................6 2.1. Güvenlik Nedir ?......................................................................................................6 2.2. Güvenlik Kavramının DeğiĢimi...............................................................................7 2.3. Realist Teorinin Güvenlik AnlayıĢı..........................................................................9 2.4. Terörizm Nedir?.....................................................................................................10 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM TÜRKĠYE’DE TERÖRĠZM VE PKK..................................................................................14 3.1. PKK ve PYD..........................................................................................................14 3.1.1. PKK.........................................................................................................14 3.1.1.1. PKK‟nın 1990-2000 Dönemi....................................................18 3.1.1.2. PKK‟nın 2001-2010 Dönemi....................................................29 iv 3.1.1.3. PKK‟nın 2011 ve Sonrası Dönemi...........................................37 3.1.2. Suriye Krizi ve PYD/YPG (2011 ve Sonrası).........................................44 3.2. Türk Ekonomisi ve PKK‟nın Eylem Eğiliminin KarĢılaĢtırılması.........................51 3.3. PKK‟yla Mücadelede Türkiye‟nin Konsepti ……………….................................59 3.4. PKK Eylemselliğinde Yerli ve Milli Savunma Sanayi ve Önemi.........................65 3.5. Üçüncü Bölüm Sonuç.............................................................................................68 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM KÜRESEL KONJONKTÖR VE PKK TERÖR ÖRGÜTÜ………....................................70 4.1. „Yeni Dünya‟ Düzeninde Oynanan Oyun: PKK ve Neden Türkiye?....................72 4.2. AB..........................................................................................................................78 4.2.1. Almanya..................................................................................................85 4.2.2. Fransa......................................................................................................87 4.2.3. Ġngiltere....................................................................................................87 4.2.4. Ġtalya........................................................................................................87 4.2.5. Hollanda..................................................................................................88 4.2.6. Belçika.....................................................................................................88 4.2.7. Yunanistan ve GKRK..............................................................................89 4.3. ABD.......................................................................................................................90 4.4. Rusya....................................................................................................................101 4.5. Ġran.......................................................................................................................105 4.6. Irak ve Suriye.......................................................................................................109 4.6.1. Irak.........................................................................................................110
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