DOCSLIB.ORG

Turkey: the Pkk and a Kurdish Settlement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Turkey: the Pkk and a Kurdish Settlement TURKEY: THE PKK AND A KURDISH SETTLEMENT Europe Report N°219 – 11 September 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. MEANS OR END? THE PKK’S ARMED STRUGGLE .............................................. 7 A. THE ORGANISATION .................................................................................................................... 7 B. THE LEADERSHIP ......................................................................................................................... 9 C. COMPETING LEADERSHIP FACTIONS .......................................................................................... 11 D. THE INSURGENT FORCES ............................................................................................................ 12 E. FINANCING ................................................................................................................................ 13 F. IDEOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 13 III. THE PKK OUTSIDE TURKEY .................................................................................... 15 A. THE PKK IN THE MIDDLE EAST ................................................................................................. 15 B. SYRIA ........................................................................................................................................ 15 C. IRAQ AND IRAN .......................................................................................................................... 17 D. THE DIASPORA .......................................................................................................................... 18 IV. THE BDP: A POLITICAL ALTERNATIVE? ............................................................. 20 A. AN UPHILL STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION ................................................................................. 20 B. THE COMPETITION FOR THE KURDISH VOTE .............................................................................. 20 C. THE CURSE OF THE TERRORIST LABEL ....................................................................................... 21 D. THE BDP’S DILEMMAS .............................................................................................................. 24 E. YOUTH RADICALISATION ........................................................................................................... 25 V. KURDISH GRIEVANCES AND DEMANDS .............................................................. 26 A. FULL LANGUAGE RIGHTS FOR KURDISH .................................................................................... 27 B. AN END TO DISCRIMINATION IN THE CONSTITUTION AND LAWS ................................................ 28 C. GREATER SELF-GOVERNMENT, NOT INDEPENDENCE ................................................................. 29 D. POLITICAL REPRESENTATION ..................................................................................................... 30 E. DEMOBILISATION FOR INSURGENTS, SECURITY FOR VILLAGERS ................................................ 30 VI. A TWO-STAGE PROCESS ........................................................................................... 32 A. THE PRIME MINISTER’S CRUCIAL ROLE ..................................................................................... 32 B. SEPARATING THE PKK PROBLEM FROM THE KURDISH PROBLEM ............................................... 33 C. NEGOTIATE DEMOBILISATION AFTER REFORMS ARE COMPLETE ................................................ 34 VII.CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 36 APPENDICES A. MAP OF TURKEY .............................................................................................................................. 37 B. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................. ...................................... 38 C. ABOUT THE INTERNATIONAL CRISIS GROUP .................................................................................... 39 D. CRISIS GROUP REPORTS AND BRIEFINGS ON EUROPE SINCE 2009 .................................................... 40 E. CRISIS GROUP BOARD OF TRUSTEES ................................................................................................ 41 Europe Report N°219 11 September 2012 TURKEY: THE PKK AND A KURDISH SETTLEMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS Turkey’s Kurdish conflict is becoming more violent, with mote the armed struggle, radical youth defy more moderate more than 700 dead in fourteen months, the highest casu- leaders, and hundreds of young men and women volun- alties in thirteen years. Prolonged clashes with militants in teer to join the insurgency. European and U.S. counter- the south east, kidnappings and attacks on civilians sug- terrorism officials still accuse the PKK of extortion and gest hardliners are gaining the upper hand in the insurgent drug dealing. Mixed messages have convinced mainstream PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party). The government and public opinion that Turkey’s Kurds seek an independent mainstream media should resist the impulse to call for all- state, even though most just want full rights within Turkey. out anti-terrorist war and focus instead, together with Kurds, The Kurdish movement needs to speak with one voice and on long-term conflict resolution. There is need to reform honour its leaders’ commitments, if it is to be taken seri- oppressive laws that jail legitimate Kurdish politicians and ously in Ankara and its grievances are to be heard sympa- make amends for security forces’ excess. The Kurdish move- thetically by the rest of the country. ment, including PKK leaders, must abjure terrorist attacks and publicly commit to realistic political goals. Above all, Finding the way to a settlement is hard, as terrorist attacks politicians on all sides must legalise the rights most of Tur- continue and the PKK mounts increasingly lengthy offen- key’s Kurds seek, including mother-language education; sives. Turmoil in neighbouring Syria, where a PKK-affil- an end to discriminatory laws; fair political representation; iated group has taken control of at least one major Kurdish and more decentralisation. Turkey’s Kurds would then have area near the border with Turkey, worries Ankara and full equality and rights, support for PKK violence would may be inflating the insurgents’ sense of power. Some on drop, and the government would be better placed to nego- both sides are talking again of winning militarily and tiate insurgent disarmament and demobilisation. seem to have accepted many hundreds of dead each year as the cost, even though after nearly three decades of in- The government has zigzagged in its commitment to Kurds’ conclusive fighting, public opinion among Turks and Kurds rights. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) alike increasingly concedes that military action alone will initiated a “Democratic Opening” in 2005, but its com- not solve their mutual problem. mitment faltered in 2009. At times, AKP leaders give posi- tive signals, including scheduling optional Kurdish lessons What has been missing is a clear conflict resolution strat- in school and agreeing to collaborate in parliament with egy, implemented in parallel with measured security efforts other parties on more reforms. At others, they appear in- to combat armed militants, to convince Turkey’s Kurds tent on crushing the PKK militarily, minimise the true ex- that their rights will be gradually but convincingly ex- tent of fighting, fail to sympathise with Kurdish civilian tended in a democratising Turkey. Now is a good time for casualties, openly show their deep distrust of the Kurdish this to change. An election (presidential) is not expected movement, do nothing to stop the arrest of thousands of for two years. A new constitution is being drafted. The non-violent activists and generally remain complacent as AKP has a secure parliamentary majority. Prime Minister international partners mute their criticism at a time of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan should seize the opportunity to Middle East turmoil. champion democratic reforms that would meet many of the demands voiced by most of Turkey’s Kurds. This would Contradictory signals have also come from the Kurdish not require negotiations with the PKK, but the prime min- movement, including leaders of legal factions and the PKK, ister should engage with the legal Kurdish movement, which is condemned in Turkey and many other countries take its grievances into account and make it feel owner- as a terrorist organisation. They have made conciliatory ship over reforms. statements, tried to stick to legal avenues of association and protest in the European diaspora and repeatedly called Major misapprehensions exist on the question of what the for a mutual truce. At the same time, few have disavowed Kurdish movement is and what it wants. The actions rec- the suicide bombings, car bombs, attacks on civilians and ommended below would move the conflict closer to reso- kidnappings that have increased in 2012. Hardliners pro- lution than military operations alone. Turkey: The PKK and a Kurdish Settlement Crisis Group Europe Report N°219, 11 September 2012 Page ii RECOMMENDATIONS 9. Stop demanding
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Country of Origin Information Report Syria June 2021
    Country of origin information report Syria June 2021 Page 1 of 102 Country of origin information report Syria | June 2021 Publication details City The Hague Assembled by Country of Origin Information Reports Section (DAF/AB) Disclaimer: The Dutch version of this report is leading. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands cannot be held accountable for misinterpretations based on the English version of the report. Page 2 of 102 Country of origin information report Syria | June 2021 Table of contents Publication details ............................................................................................2 Table of contents ..........................................................................................3 Introduction ....................................................................................................5 1 Political and security situation .................................................................... 6 1.1 Political and administrative developments ...........................................................6 1.1.1 Government-held areas ....................................................................................6 1.1.2 Areas not under government control. ............................................................... 11 1.1.3 COVID-19 ..................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Armed groups ............................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 Government forces .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Invest in Gaziantep Invest in Gaziantep Invest in Gaziantep Invest in Gaziantep
    INVEST IN GAZIANTEP INVEST IN GAZIANTEP INVEST IN GAZIANTEP INVEST IN GAZIANTEP DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE LIFESTYLE AND EXPORT POTENTIAL 04 S 14 GEOGRAPHICAL CULTURE, TOURISM INDICATONS AND LIFESTYLE 06 T 18 of GAZIANTEP GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES GAZIANTEP CUISINE 08 N 21 EDUCATION 10 23 INDUSTRY TE ORGANISED AGRICULTURE 11 26 INDUSTRIAL ZONES N TOURISM FOREIGN TRADE 12 O 28 VISION PROJECTS HEALT 13 C 30 INVEST IN GAZIANTEP DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND EXPORT POTENTIAL Industries in Gaziantep are mainly located in over 5 or- ganized industrial zones (OIZ) and one Free Industrial Zone (FIZ) developed throughout the region. There are more than 5 organized industrial zones(OIZs) and and one Free Industrial Zone (FIZ) where most of Industries in Gaziantep are mainly lo- The city is also a good cated. Gaziantep OIZs host more than 900 big sized companies and SMEs in these industrial zones. In ad- place in terms of its dition to OIZs, small industrial sites consist an impor- export share in Turkey. tant portion of city’s economy. More than 4000 small Gaziantep’s export sized companies support the industrial manufacturing in terms of providing semi-finished goods and techni- reached nearly 6.5 cal support. Specialized parks have been developed in billion Dollars in 2017. Gaziantep to provide to the needs of specific industries. The city is also a good place in terms of its share of export in Turkey. Ga- ziantep’s export reached nearly 6.5 billion Dollars in 2017. 4 ika.org.tr INVEST IN GAZIANTEP LOCATIONLOCATION Only 2 hours distribution range by plane to all major cities in North Africa and Middle East cities and reaching more than 450 million people.
    [Show full text]
  • Dead Men Tell No Lies: Using Martyr Data to Expose the PKK's Regional
    Dead Men Tell No Lies: Using Martyr Data to Expose the PKK’s Regional Shell Game Jared Ferris and Andrew Self May 05, 2015 1 Table of Contents • List of Figures in Appendix 3 • Acknowledgments 4 • Introduction 5 o Terms and Usage 7 o Literature Review 8 o Methodology/Data 12 o Background 14 • Beginning of the PJAK and PKK Franchise Era 16 • The PKK in Syria 21 o The PYD and Syrian Kurds 2003-2011 23 o The Syrian Civil War 27 • New Opportunities: ISIS, Kobani, and Sinjar 31 • Conclusion 37 • Appendix I- Figures 38 • Appendix II- PKK Military Organizational Structure Chart 46 • Appendix III- Sample “Marty” Announcements 47 • Appendix IV-Acronyms 48 • Bibliography 49 2 List of Figures in Appendix I • Figure 1: Total HPG Deaths by Country of Birth 38 • Figure 2: % of Total HPG Deaths by Country of Birth 38 • Figure 3: HPG Syrian Fighters City of Birth 39 • Figure 4: % of HPG Deaths Country of Birth: Iran vs Syria 39 • Figure 5: HPG Fighter Year of Join by % of Country of Birth 40 • Figure 6: Total Number of HPG Fighters by Year Joined 40 • Figure 7: Total HPG Deaths by Country of Birth 2001-2015 41 • Figure 8: % of HPG Combat Deaths by Country of Death 2001-2015 41 • Figure 9: % of HPG Combat Deaths by Country of Death 42 • Figure 10: YPG Combat Deaths by Country of Birth: Oct 2013-June 2014 43 • Figure 11: YPG Combat Deaths by Country of Birth: July 2014-Feb 2015 43 • Figure 12: YPG Combat Deaths by Country of Birth: Nov 2013-Feb 2015 44 • Figure 13: Map of HPG Combat Deaths in Iran 45 3 Acknowledgements We would like to thank our advisor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting the PKK's Signals in Europe
    PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume II, Issue 11 Interpreting the PKK’s Signals in Europe By Vera Eccarius-Kelly ince the Kurdish Worker’s Party (PKK) unexpectedly abducted three German hikers near Mt. Ararat in Turkey on 8 July 2008, and then released them on 20 July, intelligence sources in Europe have in- tensified their surveillance of PKK operatives among members of the particularly numerous Kurdish S Diaspora in Germany.[1] According to German newspaper reports, the PKK demanded that in ex- change for the release of the hikers “Berlin stop its hostile politics towards the Kurds and the PKK in Ger- many”.[2] While the exact purpose of the abduction requires further analysis, it is clear that it was the armed branch of the PKK, known as the People’s Defense Forces (HPG), that kidnapped the German hikers at their Mt. Ararat encampment at 10,500 feet in the evening hours—only to release them unharmed some two weeks later.[3] Questions Related to an Abduction Several questions preoccupy security analysts in relation to this abduction. How should this event be inter- preted in Europe, and particularly in Germany? What signals did the PKK send? And, most importantly, is the PKK entering a renewed phase of high intensity activism and terrorism in Europe? This essay aims to provide a brief analysis of the often confusing and contradictory messages sent by European Kurdish circles.[4] Despite convoluted interpretations of Kurdish demands that are linked to a lack of unity among the many Kurdish organizations in Europe, it is possible to disentangle the underlying messages.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey 2020 Human Rights Report
    TURKEY 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Turkey is a constitutional republic with an executive presidential system and a unicameral 600-seat parliament (the Grand National Assembly). In presidential and parliamentary elections in 2018, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observers expressed concern regarding restrictions on media reporting and the campaign environment, including the jailing of a presidential candidate that restricted the ability of opposition candidates to compete on an equal basis and campaign freely. The National Police and Jandarma, under the control of the Ministry of Interior, are responsible for security in urban areas and rural and border areas, respectively. The military has overall responsibility for border control and external security. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over law enforcement officials, but mechanisms to investigate and punish abuse and corruption remained inadequate. Members of the security forces committed some abuses. Under broad antiterror legislation passed in 2018 the government continued to restrict fundamental freedoms and compromised the rule of law. Since the 2016 coup attempt, authorities have dismissed or suspended more than 60,000 police and military personnel and approximately 125,000 civil servants, dismissed one-third of the judiciary, arrested or imprisoned more than 90,000 citizens, and closed more than 1,500 nongovernmental organizations on terrorism-related grounds, primarily for alleged ties to the movement of cleric Fethullah Gulen, whom the government accused of masterminding the coup attempt and designated as the leader of the “Fethullah Terrorist Organization.” Significant human rights issues included: reports of arbitrary killings; suspicious deaths of persons in custody; forced disappearances; torture; arbitrary arrest and continued detention of tens of thousands of persons, including opposition politicians and former members of parliament, lawyers, journalists, human rights activists, and employees of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Protesting As a Terrorist Offense RIGHTS the Arbitrary Use of Terrorism Laws to Prosecute and Incarcerate Demonstrators in Turkey WATCH
    Turkey HUMAN Protesting as a Terrorist Offense RIGHTS The Arbitrary Use of Terrorism Laws to Prosecute and Incarcerate Demonstrators in Turkey WATCH Protesting as a Terrorist Offense The Arbitrary Use of Terrorism Laws to Prosecute and Incarcerate Demonstrators in Turkey Copyright © 2010 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-708-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org November 2010 1-56432-708-6 Protesting as a Terrorist Offense The Arbitrary Use of Terrorism Laws to Prosecute and Incarcerate Demonstrators in Turkey I. Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ..........................................................................................................6 Methodology ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARI Esas Sayısı : 2016/54 Karar Sayısı
    ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARI Esas Sayısı : 2016/54 Karar Sayısı : 2016/117 Karar Tarihi : 3.6.2016 İPTAL TALEBİNDE BULUNANLAR: 1- İstanbul Milletvekili Mustafa Sezgin TANRIKULU (E.2016/54) 2- Eskişehir Milletvekili Cemal Okan YÜKSEL (E.2016/55) 3- Burdur Milletvekili Mehmet GÖKER (E.2016/56) 4- Trabzon Milletvekili Haluk PEKŞEN vekili Av. Evrim SANDAL (E.2016/57) 5- Bolu Milletvekili Tanju ÖZCAN vekili Av. Evrim SANDAL (E.2016/58) 6- Balıkesir Milletvekili Namık HAVUTÇA vekili Av. Evrim SANDAL (E.2016/59) 7- Bursa Milletvekili Ceyhun İRGİL vekili Av. Evrim SANDAL (E.2016/60) 8- Kars Milletvekili Ayhan BİLGEN (E.2016/61) 9- Adana Milletvekili Meral Danış BEŞTAŞ (E.2016/62) 10- Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/63) 11- Mardin Milletvekili Erol DORA (E.2016/64) 12- Mersin Milletvekili Dengir Mir Mehmet FIRAT adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/65) 13- Adıyaman Milletvekili Behçet YILDIRIM adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/66) 14- Şırnak Milletvekili Ferhat ENCU adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/67) 15- Batman Milletvekili Saadet BECEREKLİ adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/68) 16- İstanbul Milletvekili Selahattin DEMİRTAŞ adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/69) 17- Şırnak Milletvekili Aycan İRMEZ adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/70) 18- Mardin Milletvekili Ali ATALAN adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/71) 19- Tunceli Milletvekili Alican ÖNLÜ adına Mardin Milletvekili Mithat SANCAR (E.2016/72) 20- İstanbul Milletvekili Pervin BULDAN adına Mardin
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Yılı Merkezi Sınav Puanı İle Öğrenci Alan Liselerin Taban/Tavan Puanları Ve Yüzdelik Dilimleri
    2021 Yılı Merkezi Sınav Puanı İle Öğrenci Alan Liselerin Taban/Tavan Puanları ve Yüzdelik Dilimleri TABAN TAVAN TERCİH YABANCI TABAN TAVAN İL İLÇE OKUL ADI TÜR ALAN YÜZDELİK YÜZDELİK KODU DİLİ PUAN PUAN DİLİM DİLİM 50903 ADANA SEYHAN Adana Fen Lisesi Fen Lisesi FEN BİLİMLERİ ALANI (FEN LİS.) İngilizce 469,5886 0,39 498,2139 0,01 51580 ADANA SEYHAN Seyhan İMKB Fen Lisesi Fen Lisesi FEN BİLİMLERİ ALANI (FEN LİS.) İngilizce 453,7672 0,96 487,5334 0,08 43012 ADANA KOZAN Kozan Fen Lisesi Fen Lisesi FEN BİLİMLERİ ALANI (FEN LİS.) İngilizce 409,8806 4,38 474,8816 0,27 60956 ADANA CEYHAN Eczacı Bahattin-Sevinç Erdinç Fen Lisesi Fen Lisesi FEN BİLİMLERİ ALANI (FEN LİS.) İngilizce 400,9975 5,48 450,5857 1,1 Hazırlık Sınıfı Bulunmayan 42503 ADANA SARIÇAM Bahtiyar Vahabzade Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi İngilizce 347,4805 14,74 382,6604 8,18 Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi Hazırlık Sınıfı Bulunmayan 46527 ADANA CEYHAN Ceyhan Ticaret Borsası Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi İngilizce 323,9463 20,24 356,1567 12,94 Sosyal Bilimler Lisesi 51295 ADANA ÇUKUROVA Adana Anadolu Lisesi Anadolu Lisesi İngilizce 440,4467 1,66 463,0565 0,59 51212 ADANA ÇUKUROVA ÇEAS Anadolu Lisesi Anadolu Lisesi İngilizce 426,3967 2,71 440,3389 1,66 51058 ADANA ÇUKUROVA İsmail Safa Özler Anadolu Lisesi Anadolu Lisesi İngilizce 419,2333 3,38 439,7074 1,7 51057 ADANA ÇUKUROVA İsmail Safa Özler Anadolu Lisesi Anadolu Lisesi Almanca 415,8534 3,73 430,947 2,33 55042 ADANA ÇUKUROVA Piri Reis Anadolu Lisesi Anadolu Lisesi İngilizce 413,7244 3,96 439,2416 1,73 42681 ADANA SARIÇAM Adana Ticaret Odası Anadolu Lisesi
    [Show full text]
  • DFAT COUNTRY INFORMATION REPORT TURKEY 10 September 2020
    DFAT COUNTRY INFORMATION REPORT TURKEY 10 September 2020 MAP This map is presented for information only. The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade accepts no responsibility for errors or omission of any geographic feature. Nomenclature and territorial boundaries may not necessarily reflect Australian government policy. Provided by the Commonwealth of Australia under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. DFAT Country Information Report Turkey SEPTEMBER 2020 2 CONTENTS ACRONYMS 4 GLOSSARY 6 1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE 7 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 8 Recent History 8 Demography 9 Economic Overview 9 Political System 14 Human Rights Framework 16 Security Situation 18 3. REFUGEE CONVENTION CLAIMS 20 Race/Nationality 20 Religion 22 Political Opinion (Actual or imputed) 27 Groups of Interest 31 4. COMPLEMENTARY PROTECTION CLAIMS 40 Arbitrary Deprivation of Life 40 Death Penalty 41 Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 41 5. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 45 State Protection 45 Internal Relocation 49 Treatment of Returnees 49 Documentation 50 DFAT Country Information Report Turkey SEPTEMBER 2020 3 ACRONYMS AKP Justice and Development Party (the ruling conservative political party) AKS Address Registration System BTK Information and Communication Technologies Authority CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CHP Republican People’s Party (centre-left opposition political party) CMHC Community
    [Show full text]
  • The Hugo Valentin Centre
    The Hugo Valentin Centre Master Thesis in Holocaust and Genocide Studies Syrian Kurds amid Violence Depictions of Mass Violence against Syrian Kurdistan in Kurdish Media, 2014–2019 Student: Abdulilah Ibrahim Term and year: Spring 2021 Credits: 45 Supervisor: Tomislav Dulić Word count: 28553 Table of Contents List of tables ...................................................................................................................................... 2 List of figures .................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract............................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Aims and Research Questions ................................................................................................. 6 Structure of the thesis ................................................................................................................ 7 Research overview ...................................................................................................................... 7 Theory and method...................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • A Quest for Equality: Minorities in Turkey Dilek Kurban Kurdish Girl in Diyarbakır, Turkey
    report A Quest for Equality: Minorities in Turkey Dilek Kurban Kurdish girl in Diyarbakır, Turkey. Carlos Reyes-Manzo/Andes Press Agency. Acknowledgements University in Istanbul. She has received her law degree from This report was prepared and published as part of a project Columbia Law School. Previously she worked as an entitled ‘Combating discrimination and promoting minority Associate Political Affairs Officer at the United Nations rights in Turkey’, carried out in partnership with Minority Department of Political Affairs in New York City. She is the Rights Group International (MRG) and the Diyarbakır Bar author/co-author of various books, reports and academic Association. articles on minority rights, internal displacement and human rights protection in Turkey. The aim of this project is the protection of the ethnic, linguistic and religious rights enshrined in European The author would like to thank Elif Kalaycıoğlu for her standards (and reflected in the Copenhagen Criteria) of invaluable research assistance for this report. minorities in Turkey. The project focuses on the problem of displacement, anti-discrimination law and remedies, and Minority Rights Group International educational rights of minorities in Turkey. Minority Rights Group International (MRG) is a non- governmental organization (NGO) working to secure the This report was prepared with the financial support of the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and EU. The contents of the document are entirely the indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation responsibility of the project partners, and in no way represent and understanding between communities. Our activities are the views of the EU. focused on international advocacy, training, publishing and outreach.
    [Show full text]
  • (2002-2019) Kürt Sorunu'na Çözüm
    Kürt Sorunu’na Çözüm Çabaları: Taraflarınve Muhalefetin Pozisyonları (2002-2019) Efforts to Solve theKurdish Question: The Standpoints of Partiesthe and the Opposition (2002-2019) European Union This project is co-funded by the European Union, Norwegian MFA, and Irish Aid / Bu proje Avrupa Birliği, Norveç Dışişleri Bakanlığı, ve Irlanda Yardım tarafından ortaklaşa finanse edilmektedir EFFORTS TO SOLVE THE KURDISH QUESTION: THE STANDPOINTS OF THE PARTIES AND THE OPPOSITION (2002-2019) KÜRT SORUNU’NA ÇÖZÜM ÇABALARI: TARAFLARIN VE MUHALEFETIN POZISYONLARI (2002-2019) Alper Görmüş September/ Eylül 2019 Alper Görmüş European Union This project is co-funded by the European Union, Norwegian MFA, and Irish Aid / Bu proje Avrupa Birliği, Norveç Dışişleri Bakanlığı, ve Irlanda Yardım tarafından ortaklaşa finanse edilmektedir EFFORTS TO SOLVE THE KURDISH QUESTION: THE STANDPOINTS OF THE PARTIES AND THE OPPOSITION (2002-2019) Alper Görmüş September 2019 7 EFFORTS TO SOLVE THE KURDISH QUESTION Published by / Yayınlayan Democratic Progress Institute – Demokratik Gelişim Enstitüsü 11 Guilford Street London WC1N 1DH www.democraticprogress.org [email protected] + 44 (0) 20 7405 3835 First published / İlk Baskı, 2019 ISBN – 978-1-911205-42-5 © DPI – Democratic Progress Institute / Demokratik Gelişim Enstitüsü DPI – Democratic Progress Institute is a charity registered in England and Wales. Registered Charity No. 1037236. Registered Company No. 2922108 DPI – Demokratik Gelişim Enstitüsü İngiltere ve galler’de kayıtlı bir vakıftır. Vakıf kayıt No. 1037236. Kayıtlı Şirket No. 2922108 This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee or prior permission for teaching purposes, but not for resale. For copying in any other circumstances, prior written permission must be obtained from the publisher, and a fee may be payable.
    [Show full text]