DOCSLIB.ORG

On the Role of the “Intellectual Fire-Raisers” in the Transformation of German Historical and Political Identity from the Mid-1980S to the Turn of the Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On the Role of the “Intellectual Fire-Raisers” in the Transformation of German Historical and Political Identity from the Mid-1980S to the Turn of the Century PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI I, 2017 ANDRZEJ DENKA Poznań ON THE ROLE OF THE “INTELLECTUAL FIRE-RAISERS” IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF GERMAN HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL IDENTITY FROM THE MID-1980S TO THE TURN OF THE CENTURY Much has been written and spoken about Germany’s political and social trans- formations of recent decades in the context of debates and controversies that have involved some of the best-known and most respected German intellectuals. For each such debate to be triggered, a sufficiently controversial thesis had to be pre- sented – usually one that would challenge the social consensus. Any such “com- municative event” (Niklas Luhmann)1 leads as a rule to a number of protests or objections against the thesis being put forward. Using the concept of a “scandal” (in this case a media or political scandal) one may speak of the “scandalmonger”, one who “scandalises”. Such people in fact take on themselves the odium of public opinion, since they make statements that lie outside the bounds of political cor- rectness, thus mobilising a group of people who feel scandalised. In almost every situation of this type there are those who try to act as intermediaries, to explain, to be the voice of reason, and sometimes end up defending the “scandalmonger”. A scandal is a kind of game, in which the protagonists, if they wish to remain in the game, must take on specific roles.2 I shall illustrate this mechanism with the example of the media debates that took place between the mid-1980s and the end of the 1990s against the background of Germany’s Nazi past, concentrating on the personalities who generated the controversies that lay at the heart of the debates. I also wish to draw attention to the quite significant role of conflicts and scandals in processing social irritations, the fruit of which is always a new quality, including in terms of social consciousness. 1 Cf. O. Sill, Literatur in der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft. Systemtheoretische Perspek- tiven auf ein komplexes Phänomen, Wiesbaden 2001, p. 50. 2 Cf. S. Neuhaus, Skandal im Sperrbezirk? Grenzen und Begrenzungen der Wirkung von Kunst und Literaturskandalen, in: S. Neuhaus, J. Holzner (eds.), Literatur als Skandal. Fälle – Funktionen – Fol- gen, Göttingen 2007, pp. 41-52, here especially the chapter Das Skandal-Spiel, pp. 46-51. 280 Andrzej Denka NOLTE AND THE “HISTORIANS’ DEBATE” In the mid-1980s a dual-faceted change took place in the perception of Germany’s Nazi past. On the one hand, in a German society which, from the time of the post-war Nuremberg trials up to the Auschwitz trials and the trial of Eichmann in the 1960s, had gained an ever greater awareness of the enormity of the Nazis’ crimes, a genera- tional change took place which would bring with it “a relaxed historical conscious- ness that did not acknowledge taboo subjects.”3 The chief spokesman of the new moral evaluation seemed to be the German President Richard von Weizsäcker, who on the fortieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War referred to the eighth of May as a “day of liberation.”4 On the other hand, in the spirit of the so-called mor- al renewal and restorative climate of Helmut Kohl’s government, in May 1985 a visit was made by Ronald Reagan to a cemetery in Bitburg where many Waffen-SS troops are buried. Reflecting this somewhat ambiguous context of change, 1986 saw the beginning of the so-called historians’ debate, in which the main protagonist was the historian Ernst Nolte (b. 1923). Nolte is seen as representing the intellectuals who, for the remainder of the century, would play an important role in the transformation of German identity; as a kind of enfant terrible, or else an “intellectual fire-raiser” (geistiger Brandstifter), a term applied several years later, after neo-Nazis set fire to a synagogue in Lübeck in 1994, to Nolte and those like him by the long-term chair- man of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, Ignatz Bubis.5 In the later reception of the debates a certain mental shortcut came to dominate, as if those words of Bubis had been directed against Botho Strauß.6 Bubis in fact used them in the context of an argument about Strauß, although he fairly soon withdrew them and made an explicit semantic distinction. He reserved the description “intellectual fire-raisers” for the extreme right-wing politicians of the time (Gerhardt Michael Frey, Franz Schönhu- ber, Günter Deckert), while applying the label “intellectual precursors” to certain representatives of the non-mainstream right-wing press (Rainer Zittelmann). In the case of writers like Strauß and Enzensberger he merely warned against changes in the intellectual climate.7 3 J. Jabłkowska, L. Żyliński, Rozrachunek z narodowosocjalistyczną przeszłością a tożsamość nie- miecka, in: idem (eds.), O kondycji Niemiec. Tożsamość niemiecka w debatach intelektualistów po 1945 roku, Poznań 2008, pp. 7-49 (here: 24). 4 “The 8th of May is a day of liberation. It freed us from the National Socialist system of violence that despised human dignity.” R. v. Weizsäcker, 8 maja 1945 – czterdzieści lat później, in: J. Jabłkowska, J. Żyliński (eds.), op. cit., pp. 325-336 (here: 326). Cf. E. Rathgeb, Die engagierte Nation. Deutsche Debatten 1945–2005, Munich/Vienna 2005, pp. 327-330. 5 I. Bubis, M. Lehming, ‚Schönhuber ist ein Fälscher.‘ Der Vorsitzende des Zentralrates der Juden verzichtet auf eine Klage, Der Tagesspiegel, 2 April 1994, p. 5. 6 Cf. e.g. J. Jabłkowska, J. Żyliński, op. cit., p. 36. 7 I. Bubis, “Wegbereiter wie Nolte” Ignatz Bubis erläutert seine Intellektuellen-Schelte, Der Spiegel 1994, no. 16, p. 170. The “Intellectual Fire-Raisers” in the Transformation of German Identity 281 Let us return to Nolte, however. What was it that this historian, highly regarded in the 1960s8 wrote or said to become the subject of such great controversy and debate? In his text Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will (“The Past that Will Not Pass”), intended to be read in 1986 during the traditional panel discussions known as the Römerberggespräche held in Frankfurt (although in the end the lecture was cancelled), he put forward the thesis that the Holocaust had been a response to the genocide committed by the Bolsheviks, who (in his view) had enjoyed large-scale Jewish support. The controversial thesis might be expressed in the sentence: he who speaks of Auschwitz must also think in subtext about the Gulag. Both one and the other are to some extent simplifications, since Nolte constructed fairly complex his- torical dependences in which he tried to show that Hitler and his supporters were aware of the murderous methods of the Soviets, and in some sense the genocide of the Jews committed by the Nazis (which, it should be noted, Nolte did not dispute) should be seen as a form of confrontation with the cruelty of communism: [...] the following question must seem permissible, even unavoidable: Did the National So- cialists or Hitler perhaps commit an “Asiatic” deed merely because they and their ilk considered themselves to be potential victims of an “Asiatic” deed? Was the Gulag Archipelago not primary to Auschwitz? Was the Bolshevik murder of an entire class not the logical and factual prius of the “racial murder” of National Socialism? [...] Did Auschwitz in its root causes not originate in a past that would not pass?9 Even without the mental shortcut, this thesis – expressed so emphatically and with a series of rhetorical questions – seems outrageous: the racial genocide of the Jews committed by supporters of Hitler is to be justified by the fact of the genocide committed by the Bolsheviks on the kulaks, the bourgeoisie and other class ene- mies. Nolte’s views cannot, however, be reduced solely to the fact of historical rela- tivisation. Although he did not question the exceptional status (Singularität) of the Holocaust as the only genocide of its kind, he was a proponent of historisation, of viewing the genocide within “a wider context, namely the context of those qualita- tive ruptures in European history that began with the Industrial Revolution.”10 This wider context is partly reflected by the title of Nolte’s 1987 bookDer europäische 8 Chiefly due to the workDer Faschismus in seiner Epoche (1963) he was also admired by Marxist- leaning historians and student rebels of the “68 generation”. Only later did he radicalise his position, becoming more and more isolated. Cf. W. Pięciak, Niemiecka pamięć: Współczesne spory w Niemczech o miejsce III Rzeszy w historii, polityce i tożsamości (1989–2001), Kraków 2001, in chapter 13 the sec- tion Ernst Nolte: Człowiek i dzieło, pp. 418-426 (here: 420). 9 Ernst Nolte, “The Past That Will Not Pass: A Speech That Could Be Written but Not Delivered”, in Forever in the Shadow of Hitler? Original Documents of the Historikerstreit Controversy Concern- ing the Singularity of the Holocaust, translated by James Knowlton and Truett Cates, Atlantic Heights, NJ, 1993, pp. 18-23. (Originally published in German as Vergangenheit, die nicht vergehen will: Eine Rede, die geschrieben, aber nicht mehr gehalten werden konnte, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 6 June 1986.) 10 E. Nolte, op. cit., p. 417. 282 Andrzej Denka Bürgerkrieg 1917–1945: Nationalsozialismus und Bolschewismus (“The European Civil War 1917–1945: National Socialism and Bolshevism”). The correspondence is only partial, since the Industrial Revolution took place in the mid-18th century, but even when the three decades between the watersheds of 1917 and 1945 are considered, Auschwitz is made to appear slightly less exceptional. Nolte’s theses triggered a huge debate among academics; his main opponents included the soci- ologist Jürgen Habermas and the historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler. There were also historians who declined to distance themselves from Nolte or else supported him (Klaus Hildebrand, Michael Stürmer, Andreas Hillgruber).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Martin Walsers Doppelte Buchführung. Die Konstruktion Und Die Dekonstruktion Der Nationalen Identität in Seinem
    Martin Walsers doppelte Buchführung. Die Konstruktion und die Dekonstruktion der nationalen Identität in seinem Spätwerk Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr.phil.) an der Universität Konstanz Fachbereich Literaturwissenschaft Geisteswissenschaftliche Sektion vorgelegt von Jakub Novák Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15. Juli 2002 Referent: Prof. Dr. Gerhart von Graevenitz Referentin: Prof. Dr. Almut Todorow Danksagung Ich möchte es nicht versäumen, Herrn Prof. Dr. Gerhart von Graevenitz und Frau Prof. Dr. Almut Todorow für die Unterstützung Dank abzustatten, die sie mir während meines Promotionsstudiums an der Universität Konstanz gewährt haben. Mein herzlicher Dank gebührt des weiteren Dr. Hermann Kinder, mit dem ich einige Aspekte dieser Arbeit erörtern konnte. Bei dem Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienst (DAAD) in Bonn möchte ich mich bei dieser Gelegenheit für die großzügige finanzielle Förderung bedanken, die die Entstehung dieser Dissertation allererst ermöglicht hat. 2 Ana-Maria gewidmet 3 Inhalt „With Walser the situation is less clear.“ Zum Erkenntnisinteresse dieser Arbeit 6 1. Die Konstruktion und die Dekonstruktion der nationalen Identität in Martin Walsers Essays, Reden und Interviews seit 1977 1. 1. Die ästhetische Konstruktion der personalen Identität 1. 1. 1. Die ästhetische Lebensphilosophie 10 1. 1. 2. Das Schöne, das Wahre, das Gute? 27 1. 1. 3. Zur Topik der Intellektuellenkritik I 32 1. 1. 4. Das Gewissen 37 1. 1. 5. Die Medienkritik 1. 1. 5. 1. Die lebensphilosophische Begründung der Medienkritik 47 1. 1. 5. 2. Die semiotische Begründung der Medienkritik 52 1. 2. Die Nationalisierung der personalen Identität 1. 2. 1. Die ontologisch gegebene Nation 57 1. 2. 2. Zur Topik der Intellektuellenkritik II 64 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Kluge Raw Materials for the Imagination
    FILM CULTURE IN TRANSITION Alexander Kluge Raw Materials for the Imagination EDITED BY TARA FORREST Amsterdam University Press Alexander Kluge Alexander Kluge Raw Materials for the Imagination Edited by Tara Forrest Front cover illustration: Alexander Kluge. Photo: Regina Schmeken Back cover illustration: Artists under the Big Top: Perplexed () Cover design: Kok Korpershoek, Amsterdam Lay-out: japes, Amsterdam isbn (paperback) isbn (hardcover) e-isbn nur © T. Forrest / Amsterdam University Press, All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustra- tions reproduced in this book. Nonetheless, whosoever believes to have rights to this material is advised to contact the publisher. For Alexander Kluge …and in memory of Miriam Hansen Table of Contents Introduction Editor’s Introduction Tara Forrest The Stubborn Persistence of Alexander Kluge Thomas Elsaesser Film, Politics and the Public Sphere On Film and the Public Sphere Alexander Kluge Cooperative Auteur Cinema and Oppositional Public Sphere: Alexander Kluge’s Contribution to G I A Miriam Hansen ‘What is Different is Good’: Women and Femininity in the Films of Alexander Kluge Heide
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds an End to Antisemitism!
    Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches
    [Show full text]
  • „Das Ideal: Entblößung Und Verbergung Gleich Extrem
    Universität Regensburg Institut für Germanistik „Das Ideal: Entblößung und Verbergung gleich extrem. Also eine Entblößungsverbergungssprache.“ 1 Martin Walser und die Shoah Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät IV (Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften der Universität Regensburg). vorgelegt von: Alexander Krisch Theodor-Heuss-Platz 16 93051 Regensburg 1 Martin Walser, Meßmers Gedanken, in: Martin Walser, Werke in zwölf Bänden - herausgegeben von Helmuth Kiesel unter Mitwirkung von Frank Barsch, Band 8, Frankfurt am Main 1997, S.489-541, hier: S.492. Vorlage der Arbeit bei der Fakultät im Jahr 2007. Erstgutachter: Professor Dr. Georg Braungart, Universität Tübingen Zweitgutachter: Professor Dr. Jürgen Daiber, Universität Regensburg INSTITUT FÜR GERMANISTIK ......................................................................................... 1 I. EINLEITUNG....................................................................................................................... 1 I.I EINLEITENDE GEDANKEN............................................................................................ 1 I.II GANG DER UNTERSUCHUNG........................................................................................ 6 II. HISTORISCHE ASPEKTE: DEUTSCHLAND NACH AUSCHWITZ ..................... 10 II.I VERHÄLTNIS WALSERS ZUR DEUTSCHEN GESCHICHTE ............................................. 10 II.II AUFFASSUNG DES SCHRIFTSTELLERS VON VERGANGENHEIT UND GEGENWART ....... 27 III. PSYCHOLOGISCHE ASPEKTE: GEWISSENSFRAGEN
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmopolitan Normalisation? the Culture of Remembrance of World War II and the Holocaust in Unified Germany
    臺大歷史學報第 53 期 BIBLID1012-8514(2014)53p.181-227 2014 年 6 月，頁 181-227 2014.1.13 收稿，2014.5.23 通過刊登 DOI: 10.6253/ntuhistory.2014.53.04 Cosmopolitan Normalisation? The Culture of Remembrance of World War II and the Holocaust in Unified Germany Christoph Thonfeld* Abstract Since the 1990s, Germany has dealt with the difficult integration of collective and individual memories from East and West Germany. Alongside the publicly more prominent remembrances of perpetration has occurred an upsurge in the memories of German suffering. At the same time, Europe has increasingly become a point of reference for national cultures of remembrance. These developments have been influenced by post-national factors such as Europeanisation and transnationalisation along with the emergence of a more multicultural society. However, there have also been strong trends toward renationalisation and normalisation. The last twenty years have witnessed a type of interaction with the ‘other’ as constructively recognised; while at the same time it is also excluded by renationalising trends. Researchers have described the combination of the latter two trends as the cosmopolitanisation of memory. This article adopts the diachronic perspective to assess the preliminary results since 1990 of the actual working of this cosmopolitanisation process within the culture of remembrance of World War II and its aftermath in Germany. Keywords: culture of remembrance, World War II, cosmopolitanisation, Europeanization, renationalization. * Assistant Professor at National ChengChi University, Dept. of European Languages and Cultures. Rm. 407, 4F., No.117, Sec. 2, Zhinan Rd., Wenshan Dist., Taipei City 11605, Taiwan (R.O.C.); E-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • JONATHAN R. ZATLIN Boston University • Department of History • 226 Bay State Road • Boston, MA 02215 • [email protected]
    JONATHAN R. ZATLIN Boston University • Department of History • 226 Bay State Road • Boston, MA 02215 • [email protected] PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Lecturer, University of Bonn (Germany), English Department, 1986-1988 Correspondent, Agence France-Presse/Extel, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 1991-1992 Lecturer, History Department, University of California at Berkeley, Spring 2001 Assistant Professor, History Faculty, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001–2002 Assistant Professor, Department of History, Boston University, 2002–2008 Associate Professor, Department of History, Boston University, 2008-present Visiting Scholar, Institut für Geschichtswissenschaft, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, 2011-2012 EDUCATION B.A., 1985: Yale University, English Literature Junior Year Abroad, 1983-1984: New York University in France/La Nouvelle Sorbonne MPhil., 1990: St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford, Modern European History Ph.D. 2000: University of California at Berkeley, Modern European History FELLOWSHIPS Arnold, Bryce, and Read Fund Scholarship, University of Oxford, 1989 Graduate Studies Committee Grant, University of Oxford, 1989 Raymond Carr Traveling Grant, St. Antony’s College, 1989 Overseas Research Student Award, British Government, 1989-1990 Mellon Foundation Dissertation Prospectus Fellowship, 1994 Heller Dissertation Fund Grant, UC Berkeley, 1994 Fulbright Research Grant, 1994-1995 Social Science Research Council Fellowship, Berlin Program, 1995-1996 Institute for the Study of World Politics Fellowship, 1996-1997 Hans Rosenberg
    [Show full text]
  • Hertkorn.Pmd
    The Impact of September 11th on European Security and Defense Policy and Coercive Prevention: The German Perspective by Michaela C. Hertkorn INTRODUCTION Upon entering office, the newly elected Bush Administration put issues such as missile defense on top of its foreign and security policy agenda.1 However, given transatlantic discourse up to the attacks of September 11th, topics like the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) still seemed relevant to partners on both sides of the Atlantic. This paper shall argue that while the focus of conflict prevention lies in the prevention of the outbreak of violence, preventive diplomacy and its coercive elements also strive at preventing further regional escalation and the re-occurrence of violence. In that sense, conflict prevention is strongly linked with post-conflict peacekeeping. Transatlantic relations, particularly in the late 1990s, served as a context to organize and coordinate peacekeeping in the Balkans, with the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as the main diplomatic, political, and economic platforms in the absence of corresponding UN mandates. How are transatlantic relations relevant to the topic of conflict prevention? Given European interest in institutionalizing conflict prevention within the bodies of the EU in the second half of the 1990s, they do matter. While there were intentions to incorporate conflict prevention within the Council of Ministers, today within the EU, conflict prevention is a strong focus of the EU Commission. To mainstream conflict prevention, cooperation between the High Representative of EU Foreign and Security Policy on the one side and the EU Commission on the other side seems necessary to successfully link issues of conflict prevention with the common foreign and security policy of the EU.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at the Ceremony Marking the 40Th Anniversary of the Hochschule Für Jüdische Studien Heidelberg, 17 June 2019
    The speech online: www.bundespraesident.de page 1 of 4 Speech by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier at the ceremony marking the 40th anniversary of the Hochschule für Jüdische Studien Heidelberg, 17 June 2019 It is now 40 years since the Hochschule für Jüdische Studien (HfJS) opened its doors here in Heidelberg and I congratulate you all most warmly on this milestone which is certainly not something to be taken for granted! I am both delighted and honoured to be here today. Thank you very much for inviting me. All of you here in this room and many others besides have worked to ensure that it is impossible to imagine public and academic life in Germany without the HfJS. And that is why I am particularly grateful to you, the members of the Hochschule and Heidelberg University, to the Central Council of Jews in Germany, to Land Baden Württemberg and to all who support and promote the HfJS. Jewish Studies, the study of Judaism, have been a part of Germany for 200 years. We are also celebrating this today. And it is safe to say that it was a long journey from a meeting of young Jewish intellectuals in Berlin in 1819 of all years - the year of the Carlsbad Decrees, the year of the climax of the Restauration, the year of the strictest censorship of the press and monitoring of universities, but also the year of the violent Hep-Hep riots against Jews and against Jewish emancipation in many cities in Germany. It was a long journey through war, torture, persecution and the murder of milions in the 20th century to the creation of a Hochschule für Jüdische Studien.
    [Show full text]
  • Rainer Werner Fassbinder Edited By
    Peucker Edited by Brigitte Peucker is the Elias “A welcome reminder of Fassbinder’s astonishing breadth and continued A Companion to Leavenworth Professor of German resonance, this wide-ranging and brilliant collection of essays is an indispensable and a Professor of Film Studies at resource.” Rainer Werner Yale University. She is the author Anton Kaes, University of California, Berkeley of many essays on questions of Fassbinder representation in film and literature. “As varied, replete, and edgy as Fassbinder’s work itself, and as deftly edited, this Earlier books include Lyric Descent in montage of essays takes the measure not just of an oeuvre but of an epoch.” A Companion to Rainer Werner the German Romantic Tradition (1987), Garrett Stewart, author of Framed Time: Toward a Postfilmic Cinema Fassbinder is a groundbreaking Incorporating Images: Film and the collection. The first to engage fully with Rival Arts (1995), and The Material “Few filmmakers in the history of cinema have been as productive, as important, Rainer Werner Fassbinder A Companion to this important figure, whose untimely Image: Art and the Real in Film (2007). and as provocative as R. W. Fassbinder. With this stellar collection of essays, the death in 1982 is said to have marked achievements of his career unfold in all their astonishing range and diversity, the end of New German cinema. across all their beauties and shocks, with all their pleasures and difficulties.” Twenty-nine chapters consider this Timothy Corrigan, University of Pennsylvania controversial director’s contribution to German cinema, German history, gender and queer studies, and auteurship. Riding a wave of renewed interest in Fassbinder as a result of the increasing availability of his work, this collection puts the enigmatic director, actor, and character in context and considers the reach of his influence on a new generation of film makers.
    [Show full text]
  • Erinnerung, Fiktion Und Geschichte. Über Die Transformation Des Erlebten Ins Kulturelle Gedächtnis: Walser – Wilkomirski – Grass
    German Life and Letters 57:4 October 2004 0016–8777 (print); 1468–0483 (online) ERINNERUNG, FIKTION UND GESCHICHTE. ÜBER DIE TRANSFORMATION DES ERLEBTEN INS KULTURELLE GEDÄCHTNIS: WALSER – WILKOMIRSKI – GRASS HEINZ-PETER PREUSSER ABSTRACT In alle Erinnerungen mischen sich konstruktive Anteile; das gilt für die schriftlich abgefassten Autobiographien in besonderem Maße. Zuweilen wird hier deutlich die Grenze zur fiktionalen Narration überschritten. Aber gerade der Fall Wilkomir- ski hat gezeigt, wo die ontologische Differenz gewahrt werden muss zwischen Erinnerungen als Wahrheitsaussagen und reinen Produkten künstlerischer Phanta- sie. Umgekehrt hat Walser diesen Anspruch gar nicht erhoben und ist dennoch für seinen Roman Ein springender Brunnen dafür haftbar gemacht worden, kein adäquates Bild der Vergangenheit geliefert und Auschwitz verschwiegen zu haben. Schließlich hat Grass mit seiner Novelle Im Krebsgang Geschichte mit den Mitteln der Fiktion ins Bewusstsein rücken wollen; das Vergessene sollte wieder Gestalt erhalten und Allgemeingut werden. Alle drei Autoren bieten Extrempunkte im Prozess der Transformation des Erlebten ins kulturelle Gedächtnis, in denen insbesondere das Verhältnis von Individuellem und Allgemeinem unterschiedlich gewichtet wird. Und sie unternehmen ihre Versuche zu einem historisch neuralgi- schen Zeitpunkt, in dem die Gesellschaft abzuklären sucht, wie der Holocaust, die NS-Zeit und die Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges – im Sinne eines Archivierens – erinnert werden sollen. I. GESCHICHTEN UND GESCHICHTE ‘In der Vergangenheit, die alle zusammen haben, kann man herumgehen wie in einem Museum. Die eigene Vergangenheit ist nicht begehbar.’1 Des- halb, so ließe sich im Sinne des Autors ergänzen, soll sie erzählt werden. Es müssen einzelne Geschichten sein, die Erzählungen, die dasjenige ergän- zen und kontrastieren, was als allgemeine Geschichte nur im Singular vor- kommt.
    [Show full text]
  • „Leerstelle Luftkrieg“ – Die „Sebald-Debatte“
    „LEERSTELLE LUFTKRIEG“ – DIE „SEBALD-DEBATTE“ W.G. Sebalds Kritik an den deutschen Nachkriegsschriftstellern und der bundesrepublikanischen Gesellschaft so wie sie in Luftkrieg und Literatur zum Ausdruck kommt. Norma Anderson, Mai 2017 Fortroligt 1 Resümee Diplomarbeit an der humanistischen Fakultät der Universität Aalborg. Fach: „Tysk Almen“. Titel: „Leerstelle Luftkrieg“- Die „Sebald-Debatte“. W.G. Sebalds Kritik an den deutschen Nachkriegsliteraten und der bundesrepublikanischen Gesellschaft so wie diese in Luftkrieg und Literatur zum Ausdruck kommt. Der in England seit 1966 wohnhafte deutsche Schriftsteller W.G. Sebald hielt 1997 in Zürich eine Vorlesungsreihe, die wegen ihrer kontroversen Thematik eine intensive Debatte in deutschen Medien entzündete, die im Fokus dieser Arbeit steht. Sebald richtet eine scharfe Kritik an den deutschen Nachkriegsliteraten wegen ihrer – wie er behauptet – fast ausnahmslosen fehlenden Beschäftigung mit dem Thema der Zerstörung deutscher Städte durch die Bombardements der Alliierten im Zweiten Weltkrieg; der bundesrepublikanischen Gesellschaft wirft er „Geschichtsblindheit“ und „Traditionslosigkeit“ vor. Was das Thema Luftkrieg betrifft, herrscht im Nachkriegsdeutschland, so Sebald, eine „Gedächtnislücke“. Anhand Sebalds Buch Luftkrieg und Literatur werden die folgenden Fragen geprüft: Welche Ursachen sieht Sebald für die „Gedächtnislücke“, die ihm zufolge die deutsche Nachkriegsliteratur insbesondere und die bundesrepublikanische Gesellschaft generell im Verhältnis zu den Luftbombardements deutscher Städte durch die Alliierten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs kennzeichnet und wie lässt sich diese „Gedächtnislücke“ s.E. möglicherweise schließen? Die Arbeit zielt somit auf die Beantwortung dieser Fragen. Dabei werden teils die in Sebalds Argumentation eingehenden Theorien der Psychologen Mitscherlich im Buch Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern, teils Sebalds Reflexionen über die Rolle der Literatur als Speichermedium für kollektive Erlebnisse und Erfahrungen traumatischer Art einbezogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary German Literature Collection) Hannelore M
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Annual Bibliography of the Special Contemporary The aM x Kade Center for Contemporary German German Literature Collection Literature 1996 Twelfth Annual Bibliography, 1996 (Contemporary German Literature Collection) Hannelore M. Spence Washington University in St. Louis Paul Michael Lützeler Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/maxkade_biblio Part of the German Literature Commons, and the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Spence, Hannelore M. and Lützeler, Paul Michael, "Twelfth Annual Bibliography, 1996 (Contemporary German Literature Collection)" (1996). Annual Bibliography of the Special Contemporary German Literature Collection. 1. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/maxkade_biblio/1 This Bibliography is brought to you for free and open access by the The aM x Kade Center for Contemporary German Literature at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Annual Bibliography of the Special Contemporary German Literature Collection by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Center for Contemporary German Literature Zentrum für deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur Washington University One Brookings Drive Campus Box 1104 St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899 Director: Paul Michael Lützeler Twelfth Bibliography January 1996 Editor: Hannelore M. Spence I. AUTHORS Achilla Presse Verlagsbuchhandlung, Bremen, Hamburg/Germany - Duve, Karen: Im tiefen Schnee ein stilles Heim. Erzählung (1995) - Moosdorf, Johanna: Die lange Nacht. Erzählung (1991) - Moosdorf, Johanna: Die Nachtigallen schlagen im Schnee. Mit 10 Illustrationen v. Eike Marcus (1995) Alano-Verlag, Aachen/Germany - Steiner, Rolf: Schukrut. (1994) Amalthea Verlag Wien/Austria, München, Berlin/Germany - Mauthe, Jörg: Wiener Knigge. Zeichnungen v.
    [Show full text]