Emory International Law Review Volume 33 Issue 3 2019 Fighting the "Three Evils": A Structural Analysis of Counter- Terrorism Legal Architecture in China Enshen Li Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Enshen Li, Fighting the "Three Evils": A Structural Analysis of Counter-Terrorism Legal Architecture in China, 33 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 311 (2019). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol33/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. LIPROOFS_5.23.19 5/23/2019 10:00 AM FIGHTING THE “THREE EVILS”: A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF COUNTER-TERRORISM LEGAL ARCHITECTURE IN CHINA Enshen Li* ABSTRACT In the aftermath of September 11 attacks, China has not been immune to the global trend of destructive terrorism. However, China’s perceptions of terrorism and legal responses to it greatly diverge from those of other countries. This Article first seeks to understand the cause, source, and impact of terrorist threats in China, known as “Three Evils”—terrorism, extremism, and separatism, through a critical inquiry of the country’s ethnic and religious policies. It then proceeds to delineate China’s legal framework for combating the “Three Evils” to explore the cultural characteristics of the government’s approach against these rising threats. Tracing the evolution of the country’s counter-terrorism laws and policies, this Article argues that China has developed an operational infrastructure composed of four strands to fight terrorism: crackdown, criminalization, control, and cooperation.